Dual polarized differential base station antenna

Abstract

This application provides a dual-polarized differential base station antenna, relating to the field of communication technology. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a first resonant cavity, multiple second resonant cavity groups, a coupling component, and a coaxial feed conductor. The first resonant cavity is disposed inside the dielectric substrate and extends to the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate. A first radiation slot is provided on the upper surface of the first resonant cavity. Multiple second resonant cavity groups are symmetrically distributed around the first resonant cavity. Each second resonant cavity group includes at least one second resonant cavity, and a second radiation slot is provided on the upper surface of each second resonant cavity. The coupling component connects the first resonant cavity to each second resonant cavity group. The coaxial feed conductor is connected to a ground plane and penetrates the dielectric substrate to connect to the upper surface of the first resonant cavity. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna of this application achieves high gain, high isolation, and wide bandwidth performance while maintaining a low profile structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a dual-polarized differential base station antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Dual-polarized base station antennas are a key component of fifth-generation mobile communication systems. By supporting two orthogonal polarization modes, they can effectively improve multipath fading effects using polarization diversity technology and enhance system channel capacity through polarization multiplexing. Therefore, they have a wide range of applications in 5G base stations.

[0003] Currently, there are three main technical approaches to realizing dual-polarized base station antennas. The first is to utilize the mode orthogonality of a single substrate-integrated waveguide resonator. The second is to employ a cross-dipole structure combined with a broadband feed network. The third is to design based on the mode orthogonality of microstrip patch antennas.

[0004] However, existing technical solutions generally suffer from the contradiction of not being able to balance bandwidth and gain, not being able to coexist with low profile and high performance, and not being able to balance isolation and cross-polarization suppression. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a dual-polarized differential base station antenna that can achieve high gain, high isolation and wide bandwidth performance while maintaining a low profile structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] This application provides a dual-polarized differential base station antenna, comprising: a dielectric substrate; a first resonant cavity disposed inside the dielectric substrate and extending to the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the first resonant cavity having a first radiation slot, and the edges of the first resonant cavity forming a plurality of first through holes, the plurality of first through holes penetrating the dielectric substrate and grounded; a plurality of second resonant cavity groups symmetrically distributed around the first resonant cavity, each second resonant cavity group including at least one second resonant cavity, the upper surface of each second resonant cavity having a second radiation slot; the edges of the second resonant cavities near the first resonant cavity forming a plurality of second through holes, the plurality of second through holes penetrating the dielectric substrate and grounded, and the other edges of the second resonant cavities, excluding the edges near the first resonant cavity, having a plurality of third through holes, the plurality of third through holes penetrating the dielectric substrate and grounded; a coupling component connecting the first resonant cavity and each second resonant cavity group; and a coaxial feed conductor connected to a ground layer, and the coaxial feed conductor penetrating the dielectric substrate and connecting to the upper surface of the first resonant cavity.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the first resonant cavity has a rotationally symmetric structure; the first radiating slit has a rotationally symmetric structure; and the rotation center of the first resonant cavity coincides with the rotation center of the first radiating slit.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first radiation slit includes a horizontal portion and a vertical portion, which are perpendicular to each other and intersect at the rotation center of the first resonant cavity.

[0010] In one possible implementation, four second resonant cavity groups are provided, which are symmetrical about a first direction and about a second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and intersects at the center of the first resonant cavity.

[0011] In one possible implementation, two second resonant cavities are symmetrical about a first direction, and a second radiation slit extends along the first direction; two second resonant cavities are symmetrical about a second direction, and a second radiation slit extends along the second direction.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the shape of the first resonant cavity after being divided along a first axis of symmetry or a second axis of symmetry is the same as the shape of the second resonant cavity; the first axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along a first direction; the second axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along a second direction.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the coaxial feed conductor includes a first coaxial feed conductor, a second coaxial feed conductor, a third coaxial feed conductor, and a fourth coaxial feed conductor. The first coaxial feed conductor and the second coaxial feed conductor are symmetrical about a first axis of symmetry, and the third coaxial feed conductor and the fourth coaxial feed conductor are symmetrical about a second axis of symmetry. The first axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along a first direction, and the second axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along a second direction.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the walls of the first through hole, the second through hole, and the third through hole are respectively provided with a metal layer.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the diameter of the second through hole is equal to the diameter of the first through hole.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the diameter of the third through hole is larger than the diameter of the first through hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is larger than the diameter of the second through hole.

[0017] The dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in this application includes a dielectric substrate, a first resonant cavity, multiple second resonant cavity groups, a coupling component, and a coaxial feed conductor. A ground layer is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, which provides a stable reference potential and constitutes a complete electromagnetic shielding structure. The first resonant cavity is disposed inside the dielectric substrate and on its upper and lower surfaces. A first radiation slot is provided on the upper surface of the first resonant cavity for realizing the main radiation of dual-polarized electromagnetic waves. Multiple first through-holes are formed at the edge of the first resonant cavity, penetrating the dielectric substrate and grounded, forming an electromagnetic boundary, suppressing energy leakage, and ensuring the stability of the resonant mode.

[0018] Multiple second resonant cavity groups are symmetrically distributed around the first resonant cavity. Each second resonant cavity group includes at least one second resonant cavity, and the upper surface of each second resonant cavity is provided with a second radiation slot. Multiple second through-holes are formed on the edges of the second resonant cavities near the first resonant cavity, penetrating the dielectric substrate and grounded. Multiple third through-holes are provided on the other edges of the second resonant cavities, excluding those near the first resonant cavity, penetrating the dielectric substrate and grounded. The second and third through-holes enable controllable coupling and independent electromagnetic shielding between the second resonant cavities. The coordinated layout of the first resonant cavity and multiple second resonant cavities can improve the gain of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna by expanding the equivalent radiation aperture, while ensuring the consistency of the radiation pattern.

[0019] The coupling component connects the first resonant cavity to each of the second resonant cavity groups, enabling the TE signal of the first resonant cavity to be realized. 210 or TE 120 Mode and TE of the second resonant cavity 110 Energy coupling between modes forms a dual-mode resonance mechanism, which helps to extend the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna. The coaxial feed conductor is connected to the ground plane and penetrates the dielectric substrate to connect to the upper surface of the first resonant cavity. The coaxial feed conductor ensures high isolation and low cross-polarization performance of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna through the common-mode rejection characteristics of the differential signal. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2A top view of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 S-parameter curves of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 Gain characteristic curve of dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 The radiation pattern of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna at the center frequency provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 10-Dual-polarized differential base station antenna;

[0029] 100 - Dielectric substrate; 200 - First resonant cavity; 300 - Second resonant cavity group; 400 - Coupling component; 500 - Coaxial feed conductor;

[0030] 110 - Grounding layer; 210 - First radiating slot; 220 - First through hole; 310 - Second resonant cavity; 410 - Metallic transmission line; 510 - First coaxial feed conductor; 520 - Second coaxial feed conductor; 530 - Third coaxial feed conductor; 540 - Fourth coaxial feed conductor;

[0031] 211 - Horizontal part; 212 - Vertical part;

[0032] 311 - Second radial slot; 312 - Second through hole; 313 - Third through hole;

[0033] X - First direction; Y - Second direction; A - First axis of symmetry; B - Second axis of symmetry. Detailed Implementation

[0034] As described in the background section, dual-polarized base station antennas are one of the core components of modern mobile communication networks. By supporting two orthogonal polarization modes, dual-polarized base station antennas achieve polarization diversity and polarization multiplexing, which can improve multipath fading effects and increase channel capacity, and have important application value in fifth-generation mobile communication systems.

[0035] In existing technologies, there are several main approaches to achieving dual-polarized base station antennas. One approach is based on the design of a single-substrate integrated waveguide resonator, utilizing its mode orthogonality to achieve dual polarization. However, this method is limited by the inherent high Q value and single-mode resonance characteristics of the resonator, resulting in a narrow antenna operating bandwidth, which is difficult to meet the wideband requirements of modern communication.

[0036] Another common approach is to use a cross-dipole antenna structure combined with a broadband feed network. While this method can improve impedance bandwidth, its three-dimensional structure usually requires a large space for support, resulting in a significant increase in antenna profile height, making it difficult to meet the requirements of miniaturization and low profile installation of base station equipment.

[0037] In addition, utilizing the mode orthogonality of microstrip patch resonators is also a technique for achieving dual polarization. However, antennas designed using this method generally suffer from low radiation efficiency and insufficient gain. Furthermore, their performance is highly sensitive to the material parameters and thickness of the dielectric substrate, which limits design flexibility.

[0038] Therefore, existing technical solutions in dual-polarized antenna design generally face the contradiction of not being able to balance bandwidth and gain, not being able to coexist with low profile and high performance, and not being able to balance isolation and cross-polarization suppression.

[0039] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a dual-polarized differential base station antenna.

[0040] The dual-polarized differential base station antenna of this application includes a dielectric substrate. A first resonant cavity and multiple second resonant cavity groups are disposed inside the dielectric substrate and on its upper and lower surfaces. The multiple second resonant cavity groups are symmetrically distributed around the first resonant cavity. Each second resonant cavity group includes at least one second resonant cavity, thereby constructing a fully planar multi-resonant cavity integrated structure, avoiding the high profile problem caused by the three-dimensional support structure of the cross dipole antenna, and meeting the requirement of low profile for miniaturization of base station equipment.

[0041] In this application, the edge of the first resonant cavity is constructed to form multiple first through holes, the edge of the second resonant cavity is constructed to form multiple second through holes, and the other edges of the second resonant cavity are constructed to form multiple third through holes. The first through holes, second through holes, and third through holes all penetrate the dielectric substrate and are grounded, which can construct stable electromagnetic boundaries for the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity respectively, ensuring independent and efficient electromagnetic energy confinement for the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity, and avoiding performance fluctuations caused by boundary instability.

[0042] The dual-polarized differential base station antenna of this application also includes a coupling component, which connects the first resonant cavity to each of the second resonant cavity groups, so that the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity together form a multimode resonance effect, breaking through the high Q value limitation of single-mode resonance of a single substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and broadening the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna.

[0043] In addition, a first radiation slot is formed on the upper surface of the first resonant cavity as a radiation source for the first resonant cavity, and a second radiation slot is formed on the upper surface of the second resonant cavity as a radiation source for the second resonant cavity. The first and second radiation slots together expand the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna and improve the overall gain.

[0044] In this application, the outer conductor of the coaxial feed conductor is connected to the ground layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the inner conductor of the coaxial feed conductor penetrates the dielectric substrate and is connected to the upper surface of the first resonant cavity. This can provide a stable feed excitation for the first resonant cavity. In conjunction with the symmetrical arrangement of multiple second resonant cavity groups relative to the first resonant cavity, the isolation and cross-polarization suppression capabilities between the dual-polarization channels can be enhanced, alleviating the contradiction between isolation and cross-polarization suppression in the prior art.

[0045] Therefore, the dual-polarized differential base station antenna of this application can achieve high gain, high isolation and wide bandwidth performance while maintaining a low profile structure.

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a top view of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2This application provides a dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10, which can be applied to base station equipment in fifth-generation mobile communication systems. As a core radiating component of the base station, it enables efficient signal transmission and coverage. For example, the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 can be used in macro base station deployments to meet the communication coverage needs of wide-area areas such as urban peripheries and suburbs. It can also be adapted to micro base stations or small base stations for enhancing communication capacity in densely populated areas such as city centers, transportation hubs, and large venues, as well as for signal coverage improvement in indoor scenarios such as office buildings, underground parking garages, and shopping malls, solving the problems of weak signal coverage or insufficient capacity in these areas.

[0049] Furthermore, the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 can also be used in base station equipment with large-scale antenna arrays, further improving channel capacity and signal transmission stability through multi-unit integration. Of course, the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 can also adapt to space-constrained base station installation environments, such as rooftop platforms, streetlight poles, and wall attachments, without requiring a large amount of additional space. This meets the practical needs of miniaturization and diversified deployment of base station equipment, providing support for the comprehensive coverage and efficient operation of fifth-generation mobile communication systems.

[0050] The above is merely an illustrative description of the application scenarios of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 in this application embodiment, and is not intended to limit the application scenarios of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 in this application embodiment.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 includes a dielectric substrate 100. The dielectric substrate 100 can be made of a polymer or ceramic composite material with an appropriate dielectric constant and low loss factor. The dielectric substrate 100 can provide mechanical support and mounting base for other components of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10, and can also form an efficient electromagnetic environment, so that high-frequency signals can be transmitted and modulated in a low-loss mode on its surface and inside.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 A ground layer 110 is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 100, which can provide a stable reference ground potential for the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The dielectric substrate 100 contains a first resonant cavity 200 and a plurality of second resonant cavity groups 300, which extend to the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 100. The plurality of second resonant cavity groups 300 are symmetrically distributed around the first resonant cavity 200, and each second resonant cavity group 300 includes at least one second resonant cavity 310. This symmetrical layout ensures the consistency of the electromagnetic field distribution of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 in the two orthogonal polarization directions, thereby ensuring the symmetry and stability of the radiation pattern and contributing to high isolation and low cross-polarization.

[0054] In some embodiments, each second resonant cavity group 300 includes a second resonant cavity 310.

[0055] In other embodiments, each second resonant cavity group 300 may include a plurality of second resonant cavities 310, which are arranged sequentially along a first direction X or a second direction Y. By cascading multiple second resonant cavities 310 along a specific direction, the equivalent radiation aperture of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 can be expanded, thereby helping to improve the overall gain of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10. In addition, the inclusion of multiple second resonant cavities 310 in each second resonant cavity group 300 can introduce additional resonant modes or enhance mode coupling, which helps to extend the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10.

[0056] For ease of description, in the embodiments of this application, each second resonant cavity group 300 includes one second resonant cavity 310 as an example.

[0057] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 also includes a coupling component 400. The coupling component 400 includes a metal transmission line 410 disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 100, a region of the dielectric substrate 100 below the metal transmission line 410, and a ground layer 110 region below the metal transmission line 410. The metal transmission line 410 serves as a waveguide path, the dielectric substrate 100 provides the dielectric environment for electromagnetic wave propagation, and the ground layer 110 can form a quasi-waveguide transmission line structure with the metal transmission line 410.

[0058] The first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity group 300 are connected by a coupling component 400. The coupling component 400 enables efficient coupling and transmission of energy between the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity group 300, allowing the main resonant mode of the first resonant cavity 200 and the auxiliary resonant mode of the second resonant cavity group 300 to couple with each other, forming a dual-mode resonant working mechanism. By generating two adjacent resonant frequency points, dual-mode resonance can merge their respective impedance bandwidths, thereby expanding the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10.

[0059] The upper surface of the first resonant cavity 200 is provided with a first radiation gap 210. The first radiation gap 210 serves as the radiation outlet for the electromagnetic energy of the first resonant cavity 200, which can radiate the electromagnetic energy in the first resonant cavity 200 outward in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0060] Each second resonant cavity 310 has a second radiation slit 311 on its upper surface. The second radiation slit 311 serves as a radiation outlet for the electromagnetic energy of the second resonant cavity 310, which can radiate the electromagnetic energy inside the second resonant cavity 310 outward in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0061] The first resonant cavity 200 and the first radiation slot 210 can establish and radiate an electromagnetic field distributed along the first direction X. The second radiation slots 311 of the plurality of second resonant cavities 310 can establish and radiate an electromagnetic field distributed along the second direction Y, which is orthogonal to the first direction X. The energy interaction between the first resonant cavity 200 and the plurality of second resonant cavities 310 via the coupling component 400 allows the operating modes of the first resonant cavity 200 and the plurality of second resonant cavities 310 to be mutually coupled, thereby extending the impedance bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10. In this embodiment, the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y and intersects at the center of the first resonant cavity 200.

[0062] The first resonant cavity 200 can be a rotationally symmetric structure. In this embodiment, a rotationally symmetric structure refers to a structure that can completely overlap with the original shape after the shape is rotated 90° or 180° around its rotation center. For example, the first resonant cavity 200 can be a square, a circle, or other geometric shapes. In this way, the rotational symmetry characteristic of the first resonant cavity 200 can ensure the performance consistency of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 in two orthogonal polarization directions, improve polarization isolation, and avoid signal crosstalk between polarizations.

[0063] Furthermore, the first radiating slot 210 can be a rotationally symmetric structure, and the rotation center of the first radiating slot 210 coincides with the rotation center of the first resonant cavity 200. This configuration allows the electromagnetic radiation centers of the first resonant cavity 200 and the first radiating slot 210 to be completely aligned, ensuring that the resonant field of the first resonant cavity 200 is spatially aligned with the excitation point of the first radiating slot 210. This promotes efficient coupling and directional radiation of electromagnetic energy, optimizes the symmetry of the radiating beam of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10, improves the radiation efficiency and directivity of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10, and contributes to the stable transmission of base station signals.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first radiation slit 210 may include a horizontal portion 211 and a vertical portion 212. The horizontal portion 211 extends along a first direction X, and the vertical portion 212 extends along a second direction Y. The horizontal portion 211 and the vertical portion 212 are perpendicular and intersect at the rotation center of the first resonant cavity 200. Thus, the horizontal portion 211 and the vertical portion 212 of the first radiation slit 210 are perpendicularly coupled to electromagnetic fields in two orthogonal polarization directions, respectively, which helps to stably excite the two polarization channels. The intersection of the horizontal portion 211 and the vertical portion 212 at the rotation center helps to promote the symmetrical outward radiation of electromagnetic energy from the central region of the first resonant cavity 200, thereby improving the symmetry of the radiation pattern.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 3 The edge structure of the first resonant cavity 200 forms a plurality of arrayed first through holes 220, which penetrate the dielectric substrate 100 and are connected to the ground layer 110. The plurality of first through holes 220 can define the electromagnetic boundary of the first resonant cavity 200, reduce the leakage of electromagnetic energy from the first resonant cavity 200 to the outside, and suppress the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the resonant performance of the first resonant cavity 200, thus ensuring the electromagnetic environment required for the first resonant cavity 200 to stably output differential signals.

[0066] The second resonant cavity 310 is constructed with multiple second through holes 312 near the edge of the first resonant cavity 200. The multiple second through holes 312 penetrate the dielectric substrate 100 and are grounded. The multiple second through holes 312 can form an effective electromagnetic isolation barrier between the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310, avoiding excessive electromagnetic coupling between the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310 due to their close proximity, preventing signal crosstalk, and ensuring the stability of their respective resonant frequencies.

[0067] The second resonant cavity 310 has multiple third through holes 313 on its edges, except for the edge near the first resonant cavity 200. These third through holes 313 penetrate the dielectric substrate 100 and are grounded, forming an electric wall surrounding the second resonant cavity 310. The coordinated arrangement of the second through holes 312 and the third through holes 313 allows for controllable electromagnetic coupling between the second resonant cavity 310 and the first resonant cavity 200 through the edge where the second through hole 312 is located, while ensuring independent operation of the second resonant cavity 310.

[0068] The dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 of this application, through the first through-hole 220, the second through-hole 312, and the third through-hole 313, can not only suppress the unexpected leakage of electromagnetic energy and reduce the parasitic coupling between the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310, but also improve the quality factor of the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310, thereby optimizing the overall radiation efficiency and working stability of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 and helping to achieve high isolation dual-polarization performance.

[0069] It should be noted that the walls of the first through-hole 220, the second through-hole 312, and the third through-hole 313 in this embodiment are respectively provided with a metal layer (not shown in the figure) to achieve metallization of the first through-hole 220, the second through-hole 312, and the third through-hole 313. In this way, a low-impedance electrical connection can be formed between the first through-hole 220, the second through-hole 312, and the third through-hole 313 and the ground layer 110, providing an effective electrical boundary for the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310, thereby suppressing electromagnetic energy leakage and ensuring the stability of the resonant frequency.

[0070] In some embodiments, the diameter of the second through hole 312 is equal to the diameter of the first through hole 220. In this way, the first through hole 220 and the second through hole 312 with equal diameters can form consistent electromagnetic boundary characteristics at the adjacent edges of the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310, which helps to establish a stable and controllable coupling strength between the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310 and avoids electromagnetic energy reflection caused by abrupt changes in boundary characteristics.

[0071] In some embodiments, the diameter of the third through-hole 313 can be larger than the diameters of the first through-hole 220 and the second through-hole 312. The larger diameter of the third through-hole 313 can form a wider effective electric wall at the outer edge of the second resonant cavity 310, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic enclosure of the second resonant cavity 310 and reducing energy leakage from its outer edge while maintaining the same number of through-holes. Furthermore, the larger diameter of the third through-hole 313 can also increase the contact area between the metal layer of the third through-hole 313 and the grounding layer 110, enhancing the overall integrity and stability of the grounding effect.

[0072] Reference Figure 3The dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 also includes a coaxial feed conductor 500, which comprises an inner conductor (not shown in the figure) and an outer conductor (not shown in the figure). The outer conductor is connected to the ground layer 110 for electrical connection. The inner conductor penetrates the dielectric substrate 100 and connects to the upper surface of the first resonant cavity 200, and is connected to an external signal interface. The coaxial feed conductor 500 can inject signals from the external signal interface into the first resonant cavity 200, thereby exciting a specific-directional electromagnetic resonance mode within it. In this embodiment, the external signal interface refers to an electrical interface or connection point located outside the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 for connecting external circuits.

[0073] In some embodiments, the coaxial feed conductor 500 may include a first coaxial feed conductor 510, a second coaxial feed conductor 520, a third coaxial feed conductor 530, and a fourth coaxial feed conductor 540. The first coaxial feed conductor 510 and the second coaxial feed conductor 520 are symmetrical about a first axis of symmetry A, and the third coaxial feed conductor 530 and the fourth coaxial feed conductor 540 are symmetrical about a second axis of symmetry B.

[0074] The first coaxial feed conductor 510, the second coaxial feed conductor 520, the third coaxial feed conductor 530, and the fourth coaxial feed conductor 540 can be connected to four independent external signal interfaces, respectively. For ease of description, in this embodiment, the four external signal interfaces are defined as port 1+, port 1-, port 2+, and port 2-. The first coaxial feed conductor 510 and the second coaxial feed conductor 520 are respectively connected to port 1+ and port 1-, forming a first differential port pair. The third coaxial feed conductor 530 and the fourth coaxial feed conductor 540 are respectively connected to port 2+ and port 2-, forming a second differential port pair.

[0075] When an equal-amplitude, opposite-phase excitation signal is applied to the first differential port, a TE signal can be excited within the first resonant cavity 200 through the first coaxial feed conductor 510 and the second coaxial feed conductor 520. 210 Mode. When an equal-amplitude, inversely phase excitation signal is applied to the second differential port, a signal resonating with the TE signal can be excited within the first resonant cavity 200 via the third coaxial feed conductor 530 and the fourth coaxial feed conductor 540. 210 TE with orthogonal mode 120 model.

[0076] Simultaneously, through the coupling effect of the coupling component 400, the electromagnetic energy of the first resonant cavity 200 can be transferred to the second resonant cavity group 300, exciting its TE. 110 Pattern. TE 210 mode or TE 120 The mode can be with TE 110The modes are coupled to form a dual-mode resonant system, thereby extending the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 provided in this application. In addition, through the symmetrical topology of the first resonant cavity 200 and multiple second resonant cavity groups 300, and the common-mode rejection capability of differential feeding, high isolation and low cross-polarization of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 can be achieved.

[0077] In some embodiments, four second resonant cavity groups 300 may be provided, which are symmetrical about the first direction X and about the second direction Y. The four second resonant cavity groups 300, together with the first resonant cavity 200, can form a symmetrical orthogonal radiation system, ensuring balanced coupling and distribution of electromagnetic energy from the first resonant cavity 200 to the four second resonant cavity groups 300, thus maximizing the electromagnetic energy emitted by the first resonant cavity 200. 210 With TE 120 The mode and the TE of the second resonant cavity 310 110 A dual-mode resonant system composed of modes can operate stably.

[0078] Among them, the two second resonant cavities 310 are symmetrical about the first direction X, and the second radiation slit 311 can extend along the first direction X. The two second resonant cavities 310 are symmetrical about the second direction Y, and the second radiation slit 311 can extend along the second direction Y.

[0079] Since the principal polarization direction of the second radiation slot 311 is perpendicular to its long side, the principal polarization direction of the second radiation slot 311 of the two second resonant cavities 310 that are symmetrical about the first direction X is perpendicular to the first direction X. Similarly, the principal polarization direction of the second radiation slot 311 of the two second resonant cavities 310 that are symmetrical about the second direction Y is perpendicular to the second direction Y.

[0080] Since the first direction X and the second direction Y are orthogonal to each other, the second radiation slots 311 of the four second resonant cavities 310 can form two pairs of spatially orthogonal linearly polarized radiation sources. This arrangement allows for optimal matching between the polarization direction of each second radiation slot 311 and the fundamental mode electromagnetic field excited within its respective second resonant cavity 310, thereby optimizing radiation efficiency.

[0081] In some embodiments, the shape of the first resonant cavity 200 after being divided along a first axis of symmetry A or a second axis of symmetry B is the same as the shape of the second resonant cavity 310; the first axis of symmetry A is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity 200 along a first direction X; the second axis of symmetry B is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity 200 along a second direction Y. This allows the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310 to have good compatibility in electromagnetic characteristics, which is beneficial for promoting effective coupling and energy transfer between the operating modes of the first resonant cavity 200 and the second resonant cavity 310.

[0082] Figure 4 The S-parameter curve of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in the embodiments of this application is shown in the figure. (Refer to...) Figure 4 curve S dd11 The return loss of the first differential port pair is represented by curve S, and the frequency band corresponding to its loss below -10dB defines the operating bandwidth of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10. dd21 The transmission coefficient between the first differential port pair and the second differential port pair reflects the isolation between the two orthogonal polarization channels. Test data shows that the center frequency of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 provided in this embodiment is 4.85 GHz, the -10 dB impedance bandwidth is 4.72-4.96 GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 4.95%, and the isolation within the passband is better than -50 dB.

[0083] Figure 5 The gain characteristic curve of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in the embodiments of this application is shown in the figure. (Refer to...) Figure 5 Within the operating frequency band of 4.72-4.96 GHz, the dual-polarized differential base station antenna 10 provided in this application embodiment maintains a stable gain, with a maximum gain of 10.4 dBi in the passband. This indicates that the dual-polarized differential base station antenna can maintain efficient energy radiation performance throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0084] Figure 6 The radiation pattern of the dual-polarized differential base station antenna provided in this embodiment of the application at the center frequency. (Refer to...) Figure 6 In the figure, the solid curve represents the main polarization radiation pattern, and the dashed curve represents the cross-polarization radiation pattern. Test results show that the cross-polarization level of the dual-polarization differential base station antenna 10 is below -50dB within the operating frequency band, demonstrating excellent cross-polarization discrimination. Simultaneously, the radiation pattern exhibits good symmetry and low sidelobe characteristics, verifying the effectiveness of the symmetrical design of the dual-polarization differential base station antenna 10 structure. The radiation pattern of polarization channel 2 is consistent with that of polarization channel 1, indicating that the two polarization channels have highly consistent radiation characteristics.

[0085] It should be noted that the terms "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., mentioned in the specification may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Additionally, when describing a specific feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with embodiments, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art.

[0086] Generally speaking, terms should be understood at least in part by their use in context. For example, at least in part by context, the term "one or more" as used in the text can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic of the singular meaning, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics of the plural meaning. Similarly, at least in part by context, terms such as "one" can be understood to convey either singular or plural usage.

[0087] It should be readily understood that the terms “on,” “above,” and “on top of” in this application should be interpreted in the broadest possible sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on something” but also “on something” with an intermediate feature or layer therebetween, and that “above” or “on top of” means not only “on something” but also “on something” without an intermediate feature or layer therebetween (i.e., directly on something).

[0088] Furthermore, for ease of explanation, spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "under," "above," and "above" may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to other elements or features as shown in the figures. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation other than those shown in the figures. The device may have other orientations (rotated 90° or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized differential base station antenna, characterized in that, include: A dielectric substrate, wherein a ground layer is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; A first resonant cavity is disposed inside the dielectric substrate and extends to the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate. A first radiation slit is provided on the upper surface of the first resonant cavity. A plurality of first through holes are formed on the edge of the first resonant cavity. The plurality of first through holes penetrate the dielectric substrate and are grounded. Multiple second resonant cavity groups are symmetrically distributed around the first resonant cavity. Each second resonant cavity group includes at least one second resonant cavity. The upper surface of each second resonant cavity is provided with a second radiation slit. Multiple second through holes are formed on the edge of the second resonant cavity near the edge of the first resonant cavity. The multiple second through holes penetrate the dielectric substrate and are grounded. Multiple third through holes are provided on the other edges of the second resonant cavity, except for the edge near the edge of the first resonant cavity. The multiple third through holes penetrate the dielectric substrate and are grounded. A coupling component connects the first resonant cavity to each of the second resonant cavity groups; the coupling component includes a metal transmission line disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, a dielectric substrate region below the metal transmission line, and a ground layer region below the metal transmission line. A coaxial feed conductor is provided, which is connected to the ground layer and extends through the dielectric substrate to the upper surface of the first resonant cavity.

2. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first resonant cavity has a rotationally symmetric structure; the first radiating slit has a rotationally symmetric structure; the rotation center of the first resonant cavity coincides with the rotation center of the first radiating slit.

3. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first radiation slit includes a horizontal portion and a vertical portion, which are perpendicular to each other and intersect at the rotation center of the first resonant cavity.

4. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second resonant cavity group is provided in four parts, and the four second resonant cavity groups are symmetrical about the first direction and about the second direction; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and intersects at the center of the first resonant cavity.

5. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two second resonant cavities are symmetrical about the first direction, and the second radiation slot extends along the first direction; The two second resonant cavities are symmetrical about the second direction, and the second radiation slit extends along the second direction.

6. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shape of the first resonant cavity after being divided along the first axis of symmetry or the second axis of symmetry is the same as the shape of the second resonant cavity; the first axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along the first direction; the second axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along the second direction.

7. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The coaxial feed conductor includes a first coaxial feed conductor, a second coaxial feed conductor, a third coaxial feed conductor, and a fourth coaxial feed conductor. The first coaxial feed conductor and the second coaxial feed conductor are symmetrical about a first axis of symmetry, and the third coaxial feed conductor and the fourth coaxial feed conductor are symmetrical about a second axis of symmetry. The first axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along a first direction. The second axis of symmetry is the axis of symmetry of the first resonant cavity along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and intersects at the center of the first resonant cavity.

8. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The walls of the first through hole, the second through hole, and the third through hole are respectively provided with a metal layer.

9. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The diameter of the second through hole is equal to the diameter of the first through hole.

10. The dual-polarized differential base station antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The diameter of the third through hole is larger than the diameter of the first through hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is larger than the diameter of the second through hole.

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