Hypsizigus marmoreus cultivation material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a hypsizigus marmoreus cultivation material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The hypsizigus marmoreus cultivation material comprises a base material and an additive, the mass ratio of the additive to the base material is (5-10g): (1-2kg); the base material comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total weight of dry substances: 10-15% of wood chips; 15 to 20 percent of corncob; 25-35% of cottonseed hull; 30-40% of an auxiliary material; and 1-2% of a pH regulator. The additive is mixed with the hypsizigus marmoreus cultivation material, so that the problem that the grease is difficult to uniformly disperse in the cultivation material and is difficult to utilize by hyphae is effectively solved. The method is simple and easy to implement and small in investment, food safety is guaranteed, meanwhile, the yield of hypsizigus marmoreus sporocarp is remarkably increased, and the grown hypsizigus marmoreus is firmer. In conclusion, the method has remarkable popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a cultivation material for enoki mushrooms, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The genus of the ...

[0003] In the process of factory cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, raw materials such as rice bran, bran, and soybean meal are often used. They not only provide rich protein, but also contain a certain amount of oil. As a high-energy nutrient, oil has a positive effect on the formation and growth of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies. However, since oil and water are incompatible, their uneven distribution in the culture medium will limit the use of oil by mycelium, thus affecting the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a formula that helps to improve the oil utilization rate in the cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cultivation material for leucopus edodes and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to overcome the problem of low oil utilization rate in the existing cultivation material for leucopus edodes, thereby increasing the yield of leucopus edodes.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] <First aspect>

[0008] A pleurotus eryngii cultivation material, comprising a base material and an additive; the mass ratio of the additive to the base material is 5-10 g:1-2 kg;

[0009] The base material comprises, by dry matter mass percentage:

[0010] Sawdust 10-15%

[0011] Corn cob 15-20%

[0012] Cottonseed hull 25-35%

[0013] Auxiliary materials 30~40%

[0014] pH adjuster 1-2%.

[0015] The additive is a non-ionic surfactant;

[0016] The nonionic surfactant includes at least one of sucrose fatty acid esters, monoglycerides, citric acid fatty acid glycerides, and lactic acid fatty acid glycerides.

[0017] The nonionic surfactants include sucrose fatty acid esters and monoglycerides.

[0018] The mass ratio of the sucrose fatty acid ester to the monoglyceride is 1-2:1-2.

[0019] The additives are all food grade additives;

[0020] The wood chips include softwood chips and / or hardwood chips.

[0021] The coniferous wood chips include fir wood chips.

[0022] The auxiliary material comprises at least one of soybean hulls, corn flour, bran and rice bran.

[0023] Furthermore, the auxiliary materials include soybean hulls, corn flour, bran, rice bran, and rapeseed meal.

[0024] The mass ratio of soybean hulls, corn flour, bran, rice bran and rapeseed meal is 3-7:3-5:10-15:3-7:3-5.

[0025] The pH adjuster includes light calcium carbonate and lime.

[0026] As an embodiment of the present invention, the base material comprises, by dry matter mass percentage:

[0027]

[0028] <Second Aspect>

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned enoki mushroom cultivation material, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1. The moisture content of the cultivation material is controlled at 60-70%. According to the total weight and moisture content of the base material, weigh the corresponding weight of water, add additives, stir evenly, and configure an aqueous solution containing additives;

[0031] S2. Weigh all the base materials and mix them evenly. Add the aqueous solution containing additives into them and stir them thoroughly to make the various raw materials and water evenly dispersed. Finally, bottle, punch holes, cover and sterilize.

[0032] The key points of the present invention are:

[0033] In the process of factory cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, rice bran, bran, soybean meal and other raw materials rich in protein and a certain amount of oil are traditionally used. Although oil, as a high-energy nutrient, has a positive effect on the formation and growth of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies, its immiscible nature with water limits the effective use of oil by mycelium, thus affecting the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms.

[0034] To solve this problem, the present inventors conducted in-depth research and unexpectedly found that adding surfactants to the cultivation medium of the enoki mushroom can effectively solve the problem that the oil is difficult to be evenly dispersed in the cultivation medium and used by the mycelium.

[0035] However, the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is a long-term nutrient utilization process, and the growth of shiitake mushroom mycelium has the particularity of microorganisms. The cultivation of shiitake mushrooms requires a long-term and stable supply of available nutrients to the mycelium; there are many types of surfactants on the market, but few are specifically designed for shiitake mushroom cultivation. Most surfactants are designed for other fields, and their applicability and safety in shiitake mushroom cultivation have not been fully verified. The use of unsuitable surfactants may have a negative impact on the quality and yield of shiitake mushrooms, and may even pose a potential risk to human health.

[0036] Due to the special growth environment and metabolic mode of the mycelium of the enoki mushroom, and considering that the water content in the cultivation material is much higher than the oil content, in order to ensure that the surfactant is effectively integrated with the cultivation material, it is necessary to select an additive with strong hydrophilicity. Therefore, through screening, sucrose fatty acid esters with an HLB value of 13 have a better effect.

[0037] In order to further enhance the effect, sucrose fatty acid esters can be used in combination with other surfactants; the HLB value of monoglyceride is between 3 and 5. By matching high and low HLB values, when the usage ratio of sucrose fatty acid esters to monoglyceride is 1:1, the combination effect of the two substances reaches the best, making the oil in the cultivation material more evenly dispersed in the water in the form of droplets, thereby promoting the absorption and decomposition of oil by the mycelium of the enoki mushroom.

[0038] Sucrose fatty acid esters and monoglycerides are both food additives allowed for use in the national "Food Additives Usage Standards" and have been widely used in the food processing field. There is no food safety issue when used in moderation.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention effectively solves the problem that oil is difficult to be evenly dispersed in the cultivation material and used by mycelium by mixing sucrose fatty acid esters and monoglycerides with the cultivation material of the enoki mushroom. This method is not only simple and easy to implement, with low investment, but also significantly increases the yield of the enoki mushroom fruiting body while ensuring food safety, making the grown enoki mushrooms more solid. In summary, the present invention has significant promotion value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, some adjustments and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] The strain sources in the following examples and comparative examples are:

[0043] Hypsizygus marmoreus strain: Hypsizygus marmoreus XCXH-2: the deposit number is CCTCC M2020068, and it is a brown Hypsizygus.

[0044] The components are common materials in this field and can be purchased commercially.

[0045] Examples 1-3

[0046] Embodiment 1-3 provides a cultivation material for Pleurotus eryngii, including a base material and additives.

[0047] The components and dosage of the base material are shown in Table 1 (in Table 1: each component is calculated on a dry matter basis);

[0048] The amount of additives added per kilogram of base material and the specific substances are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 1 Examples 1-3 Cultivation Materials (percentage by mass)

[0050]

[0051] Table 2 Additives in Examples 1-3 (additive amount per kilogram of base material, unit: g)

[0052] additive Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Sucrose fatty acid esters 5 3.33 6.66 Monoglyceride 5 6.66 3.33

[0053] Among them: the HLB value of sucrose fatty acid ester is 13, and the HLB value of monoglyceride is 3-5; both sucrose fatty acid ester and monoglyceride are food grade.

[0054] The preparation method of the enoki mushroom cultivation material comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. The moisture content of the cultivation material is controlled at 66 ± 0.5%. According to the total weight and moisture content of the base material, weigh the corresponding weight of water, add additives according to Table 2, stir well, and prepare an aqueous solution containing additives;

[0056] S2. Weigh the substances according to Table 1, mix them evenly, add the aqueous solution containing the additives thereto, stir evenly, and obtain.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that monoglyceride is replaced by sodium stearoyl lactylate.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The difference from Example 1 is that sucrose fatty acid ester is replaced by Tween 80.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that monoglyceride and sucrose fatty acid ester are not added.

[0063] Comparative Example 4

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that monoglyceride is not added, and the added amount of sucrose fatty acid ester is adjusted to 10 grams.

[0065] Comparative Example 5

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is that sucrose fatty acid ester is not added, and the amount of monoglyceride added is adjusted to 10 grams.

[0067] Performance test case

[0068] The cultivation materials of each embodiment and comparative example were tested for the cultivation and fruiting of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0069] 1. Test method:

[0070] The cultivation materials of each embodiment and comparative example were divided into cultivation bottles, sterilized, and inoculated to carry out cultivation and fruiting test of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0071] The specific steps are as follows:

[0072] Bottling and sterilization: 1240cc polypropylene plastic bottles are used as cultivation containers, with a total of 384 bottles, each bottle containing 835-845 grams of cultivation material. After punching holes and capping, high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization is carried out. When the internal temperature of the culture medium reaches 121°C, it is maintained for 70 minutes.

[0073] Inoculation and culture: After the sterilized culture bottle is cooled to 18-22°C, it is inoculated under sterile conditions. The inoculated culture bottle is placed in a culture room for culture. The temperature of the culture bottle is controlled at 22-26°C, the humidity is maintained at 60-70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled below 3000ppm. The culture is carried out for 84 days.

[0074] Fruiting and harvesting: After the culture bottles with good fungi are scratched, they are transferred to the cultivation room for fruiting management, referring to DB3212 / T 2015-2021 standard.

[0075] 2. The test results are shown in Table 3:

[0076] 2.1 Full rate test

[0077] The full growth rate refers to the percentage of containers in which mycelium fills the cultivation containers, i.e. the number of full growth containers / the total number of statistics.

[0078] The full growth rates of the examples and comparative examples at 30 days and 35 days during the culture process were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0079] Table 3 Full rate statistics

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] 2.2 Mushroom production test

[0083] The results are shown in Table 4. The conversion rate refers to the ratio of the total weight (g) of the harvest to the dry matter weight (g) of the cultivation material.

[0084] Cultivation cycle: The total number of days from scratching to harvesting is 23 days.

[0085] Table 4 Harvest yield of examples and comparative examples

[0086] sample Conversion rate Example 1 140.97％ Example 2 133.13％ Example 3 136.47％ Comparative Example 1 118.37％ Comparative Example 2 114.49％ Comparative Example 3 111.24％ Comparative Example 4 113.49％ Comparative Example 5 119.24％

[0087] After harvesting, Example 1 had the highest conversion rate, reaching 140.97%, and the corresponding addition amounts of sucrose fatty acid ester and monoglyceride were both 5 g / kg base material. The conversion rate was increased by 29.73% compared with Comparative Example 3 with the same base material but no additives.

[0088] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation material for enoki mushrooms, characterized in that: It comprises a base material and an additive; the mass ratio of the additive to the base material is 5-10g:1-2kg; The base material comprises, by weight percentage of the total weight of dry matter: Sawdust 10-15% Corn cob 15-20% Cottonseed hull 25-35% Auxiliary materials 30~40% pH adjuster 1-2%.

2. The enoki mushroom cultivation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive is a nonionic surfactant; the nonionic surfactant includes at least one of sucrose fatty acid ester, monoglyceride, citric acid fatty acid glyceride, and lactic acid fatty acid glyceride.

3. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nonionic surfactants include sucrose fatty acid esters and monoglycerides.

4. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sucrose fatty acid ester to the monoglyceride is 1-2:1-2.

5. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wood chips include softwood chips and / or hardwood chips.

6. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary material comprises at least one of soybean hulls, corn flour, bran and rice bran.

7. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials include soybean hulls, corn flour, bran, rice bran and rapeseed meal.

8. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of soybean hulls, corn flour, bran, rice bran and rapeseed meal is 3-7:3-5:10-15:3-7:3-5.

9. The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH adjuster includes at least one of light calcium carbonate and lime.

10. A method for preparing a cultivation material for enoki mushrooms according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The moisture content of the cultivation material is controlled at 60-70%. According to the total weight and moisture content of the base material, weigh the corresponding weight of water, add additives, stir evenly, and configure an aqueous solution containing additives; S2. Weigh various materials of the base material and mix them evenly, add the aqueous solution containing the additives thereto, and stir evenly.

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