Fluid delivery device

Abstract

A fluid delivery apparatus includes an inlet, a fluid delivery outlet, and a switching apparatus located between the inlet and the fluid delivery outlet. The switching apparatus cycles between a first operating mode in which fluid flows from the inlet to a first chamber leading to the fluid delivery outlet and a second operating mode in which fluid flows from the inlet to a second chamber leading to the fluid delivery outlet. In the first operating mode, a first fluid flow enters the fluid delivery outlet from the first chamber in a first direction and / or at a first location. In the second operating mode, a second fluid flow enters the fluid delivery outlet from the second chamber in a second direction and / or at a second location. The second direction is different from the first direction and / or the second location is different from the first location.

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.K. Patent Application No. 2311088.5, filed July 19, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 758,840, filed June 28, 2024, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a fluid delivery device, such as a showerhead for a shower or a faucet. The present disclosure also relates to a plumbing system or bathing system comprising such a fluid delivery device. BACKGROUND

[0004] It is known for fluid delivery devices to be configured to provide a plurality of different modes of operation (spray modes). Typically, a user can actuate a switching device associated with the fluid delivery device (e.g. a showerhead) to switch between the spray modes and change one or more characteristics of the resultant flow. Incorporating a plurality of spray mode capabilities into one showerhead can greatly increase the size, complexity and manufacturing cost of the showerhead. The present disclosure aims to provide a compact fluid delivery device capable of operating in a plurality of different spray modes. SUMMARY

[0005] There is disclosed a fluid delivery device comprising:

[0006] an inlet;

[0007] one or more fluid delivery outlets in fluid communication with the inlet; and

[0008] a switching device disposed between the inlet and the one or more fluid delivery outlets, the switching device controlling fluid flow to the fluid delivery outlets;

[0009] wherein the switching device has a first mode of operation in which there is a first fluid flow from the inlet to a first chamber leading to one or more of the fluid delivery outlets, and a second mode of operation in which there is a second fluid flow from the inlet to a second chamber leading to one or more of the fluid delivery outlets;

[0010] wherein, for a given fluid delivery outlet: when the switching device is in the first mode of operation, the first fluid flow enters the given fluid delivery outlet from the first chamber in a first direction and / or a first position; when the switching device is in the second mode of operation, the second fluid flow enters the given fluid delivery outlet from the second chamber in a second direction and / or a second position;

[0011] wherein the second direction is different from the first direction and / or the second position is different from the first position; and wherein the switching device cycles between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation.

[0012] The present application also discloses a conduit assembly comprising:

[0013] a conduit;

[0014] a flow restrictor which restricts the flow of fluid flow along the conduit, thereby creating a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor in use;

[0015] one or more air introduction channels which transport a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit at one or more locations downstream of the flow restrictor; and

[0016] an air introduction channel closure device having a first state in which one or more of the air introduction channels are open and a second state in which one or more of the air introduction channels are closed;

[0017] wherein:

[0018] when the air introduction channel closure device is in the first state, the pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor causes one or more flows of air to be drawn along the open one or more air introduction channels, wherein the one or more flows of air mix with the fluid flow in the conduit to form an aerated fluid flow; and

[0019] when the air introduction channel closure device is in the second state, no flow of air is transported from outside the conduit into the conduit along the closed one or more air introduction channels.

[0020] The present application also discloses a fluid delivery device or plumbing system comprising the conduit assembly described above.

[0021] The present application also discloses a plumbing system comprising:

[0022] the fluid delivery device described above; and

[0023] a fluid supply conduit fluidically connecting the fluid delivery device to a fluid source. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of exemplary embodiments and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the application can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the application can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the application.

[0025] Figure 1 FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0026] Figure 2 FIG. 2 illustrates a rear view of the exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0027] Figure 3 FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the exemplary fluid delivery device along line A-A.

[0028] Figure 4 FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged view of a portion of the exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0029] Figure 5 FIG. 5 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of an exemplary conduit assembly.

[0030] Figure 6A FIG. 6 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the exemplary conduit assembly in a first operating state.

[0031] Figure 6B FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the exemplary conduit assembly in a second operating state.

[0032] Figure 7A FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0033] Figure 7B FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0034] Figure 8 FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of the exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0035] Figure 9 FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of the exemplary fluid delivery device.

[0036] Figure 10 FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary bathing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Figure 1 An exploded view of a fluid delivery device 1 is shown. Figure 2 A rear view of the fluid delivery device 1 with the cover removed is shown. Figure 3 An enlarged cross-sectional view of the fluid delivery device 1 along line A-A Figure 2 ) is shown. Figure 4 isFigure 3 Figure 1 1 is a close-up view of a portion of Figure 1 0.

[0038] In this example, the fluid delivery device 1 is a showerhead for use in a shower. The fluid delivery device 1 comprises an inlet 2 for receiving fluid from a fluid supply (not shown) and a shower face 3 comprising a plurality of fluid delivery outlets 4. The fluid delivery outlets 4 are preferably in fluid communication with the inlet 2 and a switching device 50 is provided between the inlet 2 and the fluid delivery outlets 4. The switching device 50 is operable to control the flow of fluid to the fluid delivery outlets 4 and is configured to operate in at least two different modes of operation.

[0039] In this example, the inlet 2 and the switching device 50 each form part of a single piece body 5. The body 5 forms a layer of the fluid delivery device 1 located behind the shower face 3. The inlet 2 is threadably couplable to an adapter (not shown) on a fluid supply pipe (not shown) or thereto.

[0040] The fluid delivery device 1 comprises a first plate 7 and a second plate 8. The front face of the second plate 8 forms the shower face 3. The first plate 7 is provided between the body 5 and the second plate 8. The first plate 7 has a circumferential flange 75 which projects from the first plate 7 in a direction away from the shower face 3. Similarly, the body 5 has a circumferential flange 57 which projects from the body 5 towards the shower face 3. The flange 75 of the first plate 7 fits within the flange 57 of the body 5 (e.g. to form a press fit connection). The second plate 8 is also configured to be selectively coupled to the body 5 and the first plate 7 by a press fit connection. In this example, the rear face of the second plate 8 has a stepped edge 85 configured to receive the end of the flange 57 of the body 5.

[0041] A first chamber 70 can be formed between the body 5 and the first plate 7 (see Figure 3 ). The first plate 7 contains a first plurality of through holes 78, each of which feeds to a respective one of the fluid delivery outlets 4 of the shower face 3. A second chamber 80 is formed between the first plate 7 and the second plate 8. The second plate 8 comprises a second plurality of through holes 82 (not shown), each of which fluidly connects the chamber 80 to a respective one of the fluid delivery outlets 4. The second plate 8 further comprises a third plurality of through holes 81 (not shown), each of which fluidly connects a respective one of the first plurality of through holes 78 to a respective one of the fluid delivery outlets 4. The second and third sets of through holes 82 and 81 can be seen in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the accompanying description of which details their role in the operation of the fluid delivery device 1.

[0042] As Figure 1As shown, the fluid delivery apparatus 1 further comprises a cover 6 which forms a rear outer surface of the fluid delivery apparatus 1 opposite the shower face 3. In this example, the cover 6 acts to seal the rear face of the switching apparatus 50. The cover 6 is selectively coupleable to the rear of the body 5 via a press fit connection.

[0043] Figure 2 A rear view of the fluid delivery apparatus 1 is shown with the cover 6 removed. As Figure 2 As shown, the switching apparatus 50 comprises a switching apparatus inlet 21, a switching mechanism 53 and at least two switching apparatus outlets. In this example, the switching apparatus 50 comprises a first switching apparatus outlet 51 and a second switching apparatus outlet 52, each of which feeds into a respective one of the first chamber 70 and the second chamber 80. The body 5 comprises a first cavity 61 which fluidly connects the first switching apparatus outlet 51 to a first passageway 71 in the body 5. The first passageway 71 comprises an aperture which fluidly connects the first cavity 61 of the body 5 to the first chamber 70.

[0044] The body 5 comprises a second cavity 62 which fluidly connects the second switching apparatus outlet 52 to two second passageways 72 in the body 5. Each of the two second passageways 72 protrude through the entire thickness of the first chamber 70 and fluidly connect the second cavity 62 of the body 5 to the second chamber 80. The passageways 72 can be tubular, but other shapes are envisaged.

[0045] The switching apparatus 50 is configured to operate in a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, fluid is fed from the first switching apparatus outlet 51 through the first cavity 61 to the first passageway 71 and on into the first chamber 70. In the second operating mode, fluid is fed from the second switching apparatus outlet 52 through the second cavity 62 to the second passageways 72 and on into the second chamber 80.

[0046] The switching apparatus is configured to cycle continuously (or substantially continuously) between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

[0047] As Figure 2 As shown, the switching mechanism 53 comprises a generally triangular front chamber 55. The switching apparatus inlet 21 fluidly connects the inlet 2 to the front chamber 55 at or around the apex of the front chamber 55. The first switching apparatus outlet 51 and the second switching apparatus outlet 52 are connected to the base edges of the front chamber 55 (on opposite sides of the front chamber 55). In this example, the first switching apparatus outlet 51 and the second switching apparatus outlet 52 are connected to the front chamber 55 at opposite ends of the base edges.

[0048] The switching mechanism 53 can further include a first feedback loop 56a that provides a path for fluid flow from the first switching device outlet 51 to the front chamber 55. The switching mechanism 53 also includes a second feedback loop 56b that provides a path for fluid flow from the second switching device outlet 52 to the front chamber 55.

[0049] The first feedback loop 56a and the second feedback loop 56b can be connected to opposite sides of the front chamber 55 (referred to as a first side 55a and a second side 55b, respectively). The first side 55a and the second side 55b of the front chamber 55 can be separated by a normal to the floor plane (which projects from the apex of the front chamber 55) along the dashed line A-A. The first feedback loop 56a is connected to a non-floor edge of the front chamber 55, such that the first feedback loop 56a and the first switching device outlet 51 are both connected to the first side 55a of the front chamber 55. Similarly, the second feedback loop 55b is connected to another non-floor edge of the front chamber 55, such that the second feedback loop 56b and the second switching device outlet 52 are both connected to the second side 55b of the front chamber 55. In this example, the first feedback loop 56a and the second feedback loop 56b are both connected to the front chamber 55 near the apex of the front chamber 55.

[0050] In the present example, the first feedback loop 56a and the second feedback loop 56b follow an angled path that is bounded by straight edges. However, it is within the scope of the present disclosure for their paths to be any suitable configuration, such as a sinuous curvilinear path. As Figure 2 shown, the first feedback loop 56a can be a mirror image of the second feedback loop 56b with respect to the dashed line A-A. In other implementations, the first feedback loop 56a and the second feedback loop 56b can not be mirror images of each other. The first feedback loop 56a and the second feedback loop 56b can be substantially identical to each other, or they can be different from each other.

[0051] The first feedback loop 56a is preferably configured such that fluid flow from the first feedback loop 56a enters the front chamber 55 in a direction that is substantially directed toward the second side 55b of the front chamber 55. The second feedback loop 56b is preferably configured such that fluid flow from the second feedback loop 56b enters the front chamber 55 in a direction that is substantially directed toward the first side 55a of the front chamber 55. This configuration can allow fluid from the first feedback loop 56a to interfere with flow to the first switching device outlet 51. Similarly, fluid from the second feedback loop 56b can interfere with flow from the front chamber 55 to the second switching device outlet 52. In this way, the switching device 50 is configured to function as described below.

[0052] The switching device 50 has a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, fluid enters the front chamber 55 through the switching device inlet 21 and is directed through the front chamber 55 to the first switching device outlet 51 to form a first fluid flow. The fluid flow through the first switching device outlet 51 drives a portion of the flow through the first feedback loop 56a and back into the front chamber 55. This interferes with the flow from the port 21 to the first switching device outlet 51, switching the switching device 50 to its second operating mode. The fluid flow through the second switching device outlet 52 drives a portion of the flow through the second feedback loop 56b and back into the front chamber 55.

[0053] In the second operating mode, fluid enters the front chamber 55 through the switching device inlet 21 and is directed through the front chamber 55 to the second switching device outlet 52 to form a second fluid flow. This interferes with the flow from the switching device inlet 21 to the second switching device outlet 52, switching the switching device 50 back to its first operating mode. In this way, the switching device 50 is caused to continuously (or substantially continuously) cycle between the first operating mode and the second operating mode during use of the fluid delivery device 1.

[0054] In this way, the fluid delivery device 10 does not rely on any moving parts to cycle between the first operating mode and the second operating mode. Alternative switching mechanisms for cycling between the first operating mode and the second operating mode are also considered to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, a rotating turbine element could be used in place of the switching mechanism 53 to alternately fluidically couple the first switching device outlet 51 and the second switching device outlet 52 to the switching device inlet 21.

[0055] Figure 3 An enlarged view of a cross-section of the fluid delivery device of Figure 1 and Figure 2 taken along the A-A line Figure 2 is shown. The paths of the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow from the first chamber and the second chamber, respectively, to the fluid delivery outlet 4 are best shown by Figure 3 and Figure 4 .

[0056] Figure 4 An enlarged view of a portion of Figure 3 is shown (indicated in Figure 3 by the dashed box ‘B’). As Figure 3 and Figure 4 indicated, the first switching device outlet 51 and the second switching device outlet 52 are fluidically coupled to the switching device inlet 21 by the switching mechanism 53.As shown, the first chamber 70 is further from the ejection face 3 than the second chamber 80 when measured from the center of the volume of the first chamber 70 and the center of the volume of the second chamber 80, respectively. Advantageously, offsetting the first chamber 70 and the second chamber 80 from one another in the vertical direction enables the fluid to be distributed laterally across the showerhead without mixing the first fluid stream and the second fluid stream. This can be advantageous over conventional fluid distribution arrays that use complex pathways to isolate different fluids within a single layer.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 1, the fluid delivery outlets 4 can be supplied by a respective pair of through-holes (one of the second plurality of through-holes 82 and one of the third plurality of through-holes 81). Figure 3 Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1, the fluid delivery outlets 4 can be supplied by a respective pair of through-holes (one of the second plurality of through-holes 82 and one of the third plurality of through-holes 81).

[0058] The first plurality of through-holes 78 (in the first plate 7) can supply a respective one of the third plurality of through-holes (in the second plate 8). This prevents the first fluid stream from the first chamber 70 from mixing with the second fluid stream from the second chamber 80, thereby effectively enabling the first fluid stream to reach the fluid delivery outlets 4 while bypassing the second chamber 80. When the switching device 50 is in the first mode of operation, fluid travels from the first chamber 70 to the fluid delivery outlets 4 via the first plurality of through-holes 71 and the third plurality of through-holes 82. Figure 4 The first fluid stream is represented by the black block arrow 811 in FIG. 1.

[0059] The second fluid stream (i.e., the flow from the second chamber 80 to one of the fluid delivery outlets 4) is shown by the white box arrow 821 in FIG. 1. In the second mode of operation, fluid travels from the second chamber 80 to the fluid delivery outlets 4 via the second plurality of through-holes 82 of the second plate 8. Cycling between the modes of operation of the switching device 50 switches the first fluid stream and the second fluid stream and supplies the fluid delivery outlets 4. Figure 4

[0060] For each given fluid delivery outlet 4: the first fluid stream enters the fluid delivery outlet 4 at a first location when the switching device is in the first mode of operation; the second fluid stream enters the given fluid delivery outlet 4 at a second location when the switching device is in the second mode of operation. Further, each of the second plurality of through-holes 82 can be tilted by an angle a with respect to the third plurality of through-holes 81, such that for each given fluid delivery outlet 4, the direction of the first fluid stream into the fluid delivery outlet 4 is different from the direction of the second fluid stream into the fluid delivery outlet 4. The angle a can be greater than or equal to 2°, greater than or equal to 5°, greater than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 15°, greater than or equal to 20°, or greater than or equal to 30°, and / or less than or equal to 10°, less than or equal to 15°, less than or equal to 20°, less than or equal to 30°, or less than or equal to 40°. ​​

[0061] In the present example, the third plurality of through-holes 81 are substantially cylindrical with a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the spray face 3. The second plurality of through-holes 82 can widen in the direction of the spray face 3 to form an inclined frusto-conical shape. The axis of the inclined frusto-conical shape can be non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the third plurality of through-holes 81. For each pair of through-holes, the angle between one of the third plurality of through-holes 81 and one of the second plurality of through-holes 82 can be greater than or equal to 2°, greater than or equal to 5°, greater than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 15°, greater than or equal to 20°, or greater than or equal to 30°, and / or less than or equal to 10°, less than or equal to 15°, less than or equal to 20°, less than or equal to 30°, or less than or equal to 40°. In the present example, the angle between one of the third plurality of through-holes 81 and one of the second plurality of through-holes 82 is approximately 23°.

[0062] Configuring the fluid delivery device 1 in this way can advantageously allow for the creation of very unconventional output flow characteristics. Such switching of the flow from different positions and / or different directions can result in an output flow from the spray face 3 that at least to some extent mimics rainfall. In summary, the user can obtain a very unconventional and / or exotic shower experience.

[0063] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6A , Figure 6B , Figure 7A and Figure 7B , an enlarged cross-sectional view of a conduit assembly 100 for a fluid delivery device is shown. The conduit assembly 100 comprises a conduit 101 configured to transport a flow of fluid.

[0064] The conduit assembly 100 further comprises a flow restrictor 102 configured to restrict the flow of the fluid flow along the conduit 101, thereby creating a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 102 in use.

[0065] The flow restrictor 102 is arranged within the conduit 101. The flow restrictor 102 comprises a disc perpendicular (or substantially perpendicular) to a longitudinal axis 1001 of the conduit 101 and perforated by a plurality of holes 103. In this example, the plurality of holes 103 comprises 32 holes arranged in two rings close to the periphery of the disc.

[0066] As the total flow area through the plurality of holes 103 is substantially smaller than the flow area of the conduit 101, the flow restrictor 102 creates a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 102 in use. It will be apparent to the skilled person that other flow restrictor configurations can also be employed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The flow restrictor can have any suitable configuration so as to create a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream thereof.

[0067] The conduit 101 can be comprised of two generally tubular pieces: a first piece 101a and a second piece 101b, configured to be selectively coupled to one another. In the present example, the first piece 101a is upstream of the second piece 101b. The end of the first piece 101a proximate the second piece 101b can have a reduced radius portion 105a having an outer radius that is less than the rest of the first piece 101a. A threaded portion can be provided on the outer surface of the reduced radius portion 105a. The end of the second piece 101b proximate the first piece 101a can have an increased radius portion 105b having an inner radius that is greater than the rest of the second piece 101b. A threaded portion can be provided on the inner surface of the increased radius portion 105b. The reduced radius portion 105a of the first piece 101a is preferably configured to fit at least partially within the increased radius portion 105b and threadably engage the increased radius portion 105b to selectively couple the first piece 101a and the second piece 101b of the conduit 101. A sealing member 163 in the form of an O-ring is configured to provide a liquid-tight (or near liquid-tight) seal between the first piece 101a and the second piece 101b of the conduit 101.

[0068] The flow restrictor 102 can form one end of a hollow insert 106 that is located within the reduced radius portion 105a of the first piece 101a. The hollow insert 106 can include a radially protruding rim 107 distal from the flow restrictor 102. The rim 107 can be positioned between the reduced radius portion 105a of the first piece 101a and the second piece 101b. This configuration helps to prevent the hollow insert 106 from translating along the conduit 101.

[0069] The first conduit assembly 100 further includes eight air introduction channels 130 for transporting a flow of air from outside the conduit 101 into the conduit 101, although more or fewer channels 130 are contemplated. The eight air introduction channels 130 are substantially evenly distributed around the circumference of the conduit 101. In the present example, each of the eight air introduction channels 130 includes one of a first set of air introduction passages 131 that perforate the first piece 101a of the conduit 101 and one of a second set of air introduction passages 132 that perforate the hollow insert 106.

[0070] The first set of air introduction passages 131 comprises eight air introduction passages regularly spaced around the circumference of the reduced radius portion 105a. The second set of air introduction passages 132 comprises eight air introduction passages regularly spaced around the circumference of the hollow insert 106 proximate to the flow restrictor 102. The second set of air introduction passages 132 can be arranged to receive air from a corresponding one of the first set of air introduction passages 131 and to provide air to the interior of the hollow insert 106.

[0071] A sealing member 160 can be provided on the outer surface of the hollow insert 106 on either side of the second set of air introduction passages 132. In the example shown in the figures, each of the sealing members (e.g. the sealing member 160 of the conduit assembly 100) is an O-ring, although other sealing members are contemplated. The sealing member 160 helps to reduce or prevent fluid from leaking from within the conduit assembly 100 along the first set of air introduction passages 131 to the exterior of the conduit assembly 100. Likewise, the sealing member 160 also acts to help reduce or prevent air from entering the conduit assembly 100 upstream of the flow restrictor 102.

[0072] The conduit assembly 100 is configured such that air can enter the hollow insert 106 immediately downstream of the flow restrictor 102. At this point, there can be a pressure drop in the conduit 101 and the fluid flow is at a high velocity. This can assist in air being drawn in along the air introduction passage 130 and effecting efficient mixing of the air with the fluid flow, thereby forming an aerated fluid flow.

[0073] The Applicant has recognised that it can be beneficial to allow a choice between different flow characteristics of a fluid delivery apparatus in which a conduit assembly is integrated. To this end, the conduit assembly 100 comprises an air introduction passage closure arrangement operable to actuate the transport of air along the air introduction passage 130. In the illustrated example, the air introduction passage closure arrangement comprises a sleeve 120 operable to translate relative to the conduit 101 parallel to the longitudinal axis 1001 of the conduit 101. The sleeve 120 is substantially tubular, encircling the outer circumference of the reduced radius portion 105a. The inner radius of the sleeve 120 is just greater than the outer radius of the reduced radius portion 105a, such that a close fit is created between the two parts. The outer radius of the sleeve 120 is substantially equal to: the outer radius of the remainder of the first part 101a; and the increased radius portion 105b. In this way, the sleeve 120 is flush (or approaching flush) with the first part 101a and the second part 101b of the conduit 101.

[0074] A step is formed at the junction of the reduced radius portion 105a and the remainder of the first part 101a. The step forms a first contact surface 140a for interaction with the sleeve 120 and acts as an end stop for translation of the sleeve 120 in a first direction 151. One end face of the increased radius portion 105b proximate to the first part 101a forms a second contact surface 140b for interaction with the sleeve 120 and acts as an end stop for translation of the sleeve 120 in a second direction 152 substantially opposite to the first direction 151. The sleeve 120 is operable to translate between two end points defined by the first and second end stops respectively, which define a first and second state of the air intake passage closure device respectively.

[0075] The sleeve 120 can further comprise a ridge 170 which enables a user to actuate the sleeve 120 between states of the sleeve 120. The ridge 170 protrudes away from the conduit 101. The ridge 170 can be substantially arcuate, for example, providing a crescent shape (or similar shape) configured to fit a user's thumb.

[0076] Figure 6A The conduit assembly 100 is shown with the sleeve 120 in the first state. In this state, the rear end of the sleeve 120 contacts the first contact surface 140a of the first part 101a. The front end of the sleeve 120 does not contact the second contact surface 140b of the second part 101b. Therefore, there is a gap between the front end of the sleeve 120 and the second part 101b, opening the air intake passage 130. Two sealing members 161 and 162 are preferably provided on the outer surface of the reduced radius portion 106 on either side of the first set of air intake passages 131. A first of these two sealing members 161 (the one distal from the second part 101b) acts to help prevent air from entering the conduit 101 via the gap between the rear end of the sleeve 120 and the first contact surface 140a. The inner radius of the sleeve 120 increases towards the front end of the sleeve 120. In this configuration in the first state, there is preferably a gap between the second of the two sealing members 162 and the sleeve 120. In this state, a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 102 can cause air to be drawn in through the open air intake passage 130 to mix with the fluid flow in the hollow insert 106 to form an aerated fluid flow. Figure 6A The dashed arrow in FIG. 1 1 shows the flow of air through the air intake passage 130.

[0077] Figure 6BThe conduit assembly 100 is shown with the sleeve 120 in the second state. In this state, the front end of the sleeve 120 contacts the second contact surface 140b of the second piece 101b, sealing the front end of the sleeve 120 against the second piece 101b. As a result, the air introduction channel 130 is closed and no (or substantially no) flow of air can enter the conduit 101 from the exterior of the conduit 101 along the closed air introduction channel 130. In this state, the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 102 is not an aerated fluid flow. There is a gap between the rear end of the sleeve 120 and the first contact surface 140a of the first piece 101a. In this configuration, the two sealing members 161, 162 can inhibit fluid (such as air or water) from passing between the reduced radius portion 105a and the sleeve 120. The second sealing member 162, proximate to the second piece 101b, acts to help prevent air from entering the conduit 101 between the front end of the sleeve 120 and the second contact surface 140a.

[0078] In an alternative configuration (not shown), the sealing member 162 can instead be provided on the inner surface of the sleeve 120 and the recess can be provided in the reduced radius portion 105a of the first piece 101a. In this alternative configuration, the recess can be configured to align with the sealing member 162 when the sleeve is in its first state to provide a gap between the sealing member 162 and the reduced radius portion 105a, and to misalign with the sealing member 162 when the sleeve is in its second state so that there is no gap between the sealing member 162 and the reduced radius portion 105a.

[0079] The sleeve 120 can have one or more intermediate states between the first state and the second state. In such intermediate states, there can be a small gap between the inner surface of the sleeve 120 and the sealing member 162. When the sleeve 120 is so positioned, the air introduction channel 130 can be considered to be partially open and the resultant fluid flow can be aerated to a lesser extent than when the sleeve is in the first state. Providing such intermediate states can allow a user to more finely control the extent to which the fluid flow is aerated.

[0080] Figure 7A A fluid delivery apparatus 200 comprising the conduit assembly 100 is shown. Figure 7B A cross-sectional view of the fluid delivery apparatus 200 is shown.

[0081] The fluid delivery apparatus 200 can comprise a handle for a shower, the handle comprising a handle portion 110 and a head portion 10’.

[0082] The first end of the handle portion 110 can comprise a threaded portion for connecting the handle portion 110 to a fluid supply conduit (not shown) in use. The handle portion 110 can comprise a conduit assembly 100 which is capable of selecting between different flow characteristics of the fluid delivery apparatus 200.

[0083] In this example, the conduit 101 is configured to transport a flow of fluid from the handle portion 110 to the head portion 10'. The inlet 20' of the conduit assembly 100 is located at the first end of the handle portion 110.

[0084] The head portion 10' can comprise one or more internal chambers (not shown) in fluid communication with the conduit 101 and a shower face with a plurality of outlets for delivering fluid to a user in use. The head portion 10' can comprise any suitable head portion for a shower handle.

[0085] Figure 7A And Figure 7B In Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, there is shown a fluid delivery apparatus 200 with the sleeve 120 in a first state. In this state, the rear end of the sleeve 120 preferably contacts the first contact surface 140a of the first part 101a. The front end of the sleeve 120 preferably does not contact the second contact surface 140b of the second part 101b. Thus, there can be a gap between the front end of the sleeve 120 and the second part 101b, opening the air intake passage 130. In this state, the flow to the head 10' is aerated by the conduit assembly 100.

[0086] Conventional actuation means, such as those relying on relative rotation of two parts, can cause difficulties for users whose hands can be wet. Typically, such rotational actuation requires two hands, one to hold each part. In contrast, in the present example, actuation can be achieved by translation of the sleeve 120 relative to the conduit 101, which can be controlled by the user (with the aid of the ridge 170 for secondary gripping). As a result of the positioning of the sleeve 120 on the handle portion 110 of the fluid delivery apparatus 10' and the provision of the ridge 170 to aid gripping, the user can actuate the conduit assembly 100 with one hand, using their palm and fingers to grip the handle portion 110 and their thumb to slide the sleeve 120. In this way, the conduit 101 can provide an aerating device which can be actuated by the user without resulting in undue complexity, which can lead to high manufacturing costs.

[0087] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a fluid delivery apparatus 300 is shown. The fluid delivery apparatus 300 comprises a shower head 350 for a shower and operates in a similar manner to the fluid delivery apparatus 200 of Figure 7A And Figure 7B of Figures 1 to 7. The fluid delivery apparatus 300 of Figures 8 to 10 operates in a similar manner to the fluid delivery apparatus 200 of Figure 7A And Figure 7BSimilar to the fluid delivery device 200, the fluid delivery device 300 includes a conduit assembly 400.

[0088] The conduit assembly 400 is preferably configured to connect to a fluid supply conduit (not shown) and a spray head 350. The spray head 350 may include one or more inner chambers 351 and a spray surface, the one or more inner chambers 351 being in fluid communication with the conduit assembly 400, and the spray surface having a plurality of outlets 352 for delivering fluid to the user during use.

[0089] The main difference between these devices is that the fluid delivery device 300 is a fixed overhead shower head, while the fluid delivery device 200 is a handheld shower head. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the conduit assembly 400 can be integrated into a support conduit 410, which secures the fluid delivery device 300 relative to the shower enclosure on which the fluid delivery device 300 is mounted. This is consistent with... Figure 7A and Figure 7B In contrast to the fluid transport device 300 shown, Figure 7A and Figure 7B In the fluid delivery device 300 shown, the conduit assembly 100 forms part of the handle 110.

[0090] The conduit assembly 400 may include a conduit 401 configured to transport fluid flow from a fluid supply conduit to a shower head 350. The conduit 401 preferably comprises two generally tubular parts: a first part 401a and a second part 401b, configured to selectively connect to each other. In this example, the first part 401a is located upstream of the second part 401b and is configured to connect to the fluid supply conduit. One end of the first part 401a near the second part 401b has a reduced radius portion 405a, which may have an outer radius smaller than the rest of the first part 401a. A threaded portion may be provided on the outer surface of the reduced radius portion 405a. The threaded portion 405b may be provided on the inner surface of the second part 401b. The reduced radius portion 405a of the first part 401a is configured to at least partially fit within the threaded portion 405b of the second part 401b and threadedly engage with the threaded portion 405b of the second part 401b to selectively connect the first part 401a and the second part 401b of the conduit 401.

[0091] The first part 401a can comprise a flow restrictor 402 configured to restrict the flow of fluid flow along the conduit 401, thereby creating a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 402 in use. The flow restrictor 402 comprises a disc perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 1002 of the conduit 401 and perforated by a plurality of holes 403. In this example, the plurality of holes 403 comprises 32 holes arranged in two rings close to the periphery of the disc.

[0092] As the total flow area through the plurality of holes 403 is less than the flow area of the conduit 401, in use, the flow restrictor 402 creates a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 402. It will be apparent to the skilled person that other flow restrictor configurations can also be employed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The flow restrictor can have any suitable configuration so as to create a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream thereof.

[0093] The first part 401a can further comprise a plurality of air introduction channels 430 for transporting a flow of air external to the conduit 401 into the conduit 401. The air introduction channels 430 can be substantially evenly distributed on the circumference of the conduit 401.

[0094] The conduit assembly 400 is preferably configured such that air can enter the conduit 401 downstream of the flow restrictor 402. At this point, a pressure drop occurs in the conduit 401 and the fluid flow is at high velocity. This can be advantageous to help air to be drawn in along the air introduction channels 430 and to achieve efficient mixing of air with the fluid flow, thereby forming an aerated fluid flow.

[0095] The conduit assembly 400 comprises an air introduction channel closure device operable to actuate the transportation of air along the air introduction channels 430. In the illustrated example, the air introduction channel closure device comprises a sleeve 420 operable to translate with respect to the conduit 401 parallel to the longitudinal axis 1002 of the conduit 401. The sleeve 420 is substantially tubular and encircles the outer circumference of the first part 401a. The inner radius of the sleeve 420 is just greater than the outer radius of the first part 401a so as to create a tight fit between the two parts.

[0096] A step can be formed on the outer surface of the first part 401a that forms a first contact surface 440a for interaction with the sleeve 420 and acts as an end stop for translation of the sleeve 420 in a first direction. Another step can be formed at the junction between the first part 401a and the second part 401b that forms a second contact surface 440b for interaction with the sleeve 420. The second contact surface 440b acts as an end stop for translation of the sleeve 420 in a second direction that is substantially opposite to the first direction. The sleeve 420 can be operable to translate between two end points defined by the first end stop and the second end stop respectively, which define a first state and a second state of the air intake passage closure device respectively.

[0097] The sleeve 420 further comprises a ridge 470 that enables a user to actuate the sleeve 420 between states of the sleeve 420. The ridge 470 preferably protrudes away from the conduit 401 around the circumference of the sleeve 420.

[0098] Figure 8 The conduit assembly 300 is shown with the sleeve 420 in the first state. In this state, the rear end of the sleeve 420 can contact the first contact surface 440a of the first part 401a. The front end of the sleeve 420 does not contact the second contact surface 440b of the second part 401b. Thus, there can be a gap between the front end of the sleeve 420 and the second part 401b that opens the air intake passage 430.

[0099] When the sleeve 420 is in the second state, the front end of the sleeve 420 can contact the second contact surface 440b of the second part 401b, sealing (or substantially sealing) the front end of the sleeve 420 against the second part 401b. Thus, in this state, the air intake passage 430 can be closed and no (or very little) flow of air can be transported along the closed air intake passage 430 from outside the conduit 401 into the conduit 401. The flow of fluid downstream of the flow restrictor 402 is not a flow of aerated fluid. There can be a gap between the rear end of the sleeve 420 and the first contact surface 440a of the first part 401a.

[0100] A sealing member (not shown), such as an O-ring, can be provided on the outer surface of the first part 401a on either side of the air intake passage 430. The sealing member can help prevent air from entering the conduit assembly 300 when the sleeve 420 is in the second state.

[0101] Conventional actuation devices, such as those relying on the relative rotation of two parts, can cause difficulties for users whose hands can be wet. Typically, such rotational actuation requires the use of both hands, one to hold each part. In contrast, in the present example, actuation can be achieved by the user-controlled translation of the sleeve 420 relative to the conduit 401 (by means of the grip assisted by the ridge 470). In this way, the conduit assembly 400 can provide an inflation device that can be actuated by the user, without resulting in excessive complexity, which can lead to high manufacturing costs.

[0102] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of a fluid delivery device 500 is illustrated. The fluid delivery device 500 can include a showerhead 550 for a shower, and operates in a similar manner to the fluid delivery device 300 of Figure 8 The fluid delivery device 500 includes a conduit assembly 600 configured to be coupled to a fluid supply conduit (not shown).

[0103] In the present example, the showerhead 550 can include a switching device 553 similar to the switching device 50 of Figures 1-3 The showerhead 550 can further include one or more internal chambers 551 in fluid communication with the switching device 553, and a shower face 554 with a plurality of outlets 552 for delivering fluid from the one or more internal chambers 551 to a user. The conduit assembly 600 can be integrated in the showerhead 550 and placed entirely within the showerhead 550. As in the previous embodiment, the conduit assembly 600 can be operable to selectively inflate a flow travelling therethrough.

[0104] As described below, the conduit assembly 600 is configured differently than the conduit assembly 400 of Figure 8 For example, the air introduction passage closing means of the conduit assembly 400 includes a sleeve 420, whereas the air introduction passage closing means of the conduit assembly 600 does not include a sleeve, but rather actuates the inflation of the flow via the rotation of the movable plate 620.

[0105] The conduit assembly 600 includes a conduit 601. The conduit 601 is configured to transport a flow of fluid from the fluid supply conduit to the switching device 553.

[0106] The conduit assembly 600 comprises a flow restrictor 602 configured to restrict the flow of fluid flow along the conduit 401, thereby creating a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 102 in use. The flow restrictor 602 comprises a section of the conduit 601 in which the cross-sectional area narrows progressively in the direction of fluid flow 1003. It will be apparent to the skilled person that other flow restrictor configurations can also be employed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The flow restrictor can have any suitable configuration so as to create a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream thereof.

[0107] Downstream of the flow restrictor 602, the conduit 601 is perforated by one or more air introduction channels 630 for transporting a flow of air from outside the conduit 601 into the conduit 601. At this point, a pressure drop occurs in the conduit 601, the fluid flow is at high velocity. This will facilitate ensuring that air is drawn in along the one or more air introduction channels 630 and effective mixing of the air with the fluid flow is achieved, thereby forming an aerated fluid flow.

[0108] As mentioned previously, the conduit assembly 600 comprises an air introduction channel closure arrangement operable to actuate the transportation of air along the air introduction channels 630. In the illustrated example, the air introduction channel closure arrangement comprises a moveable plate 620 which forms a rear outer surface of the showerhead 550. The moveable plate 620 is operable to move relative to the one or more air introduction channels 630. In the present example, the moveable plate 620 is operable to rotate about an axis 1004 of the fluid delivery apparatus 500 relative to the remainder of the fluid delivery apparatus 500 upon user actuation. The axis 1004 passes through the centre of the shower face 554 and is aligned substantially perpendicularly thereto.

[0109] The moveable plate 620 can be perforated with one or more through-thickness apertures 640 arranged to selectively align with the one or more air introduction channels 630.

[0110] The moveable plate 620 can be operable to actuate between a first state and a second state. Figure 9 The conduit assembly 600 is shown with the moveable plate 620 in the first state. In this state, the moveable plate 620 is arranged such that the one or more through-thickness apertures 640 at least partially align with the one or more air introduction channels 630, thereby allowing air flow into the one or more air introduction channels 630. Thus, in this state, the air introduction channels 630 are open and air can be transported along the one or more air introduction channels 630 from outside the conduit 601 to the conduit 601. In this state, the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 602 is referred to as an aerated fluid flow.

[0111] When the moveable plate 620 is arranged in the second state, the one or more through-thickness apertures 640 are misaligned with the one or more air introduction channels 630, thereby preventing or reducing airflow into the one or more air introduction channels 630. Accordingly, in this state, the one or more air introduction channels 630 are closed (or substantially closed) such that it is not possible (or is restricted) for air to be transported along the one or more air introduction channels 630 from outside the conduit 601 into the conduit 601. Accordingly, in this state, the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor 602 is not an aerated fluid flow.

[0112] The moveable plate 620 can comprise a handle (not shown) to enable a user to actuate the moveable plate 620 between the first and second states. Such a configuration can allow the moveable plate to be set in either of the first or second states during assembly, thereby limiting the number of different components required to produce a showerhead having different synthetic flow characteristics.

[0113] Figure 10 A bathing system 700 is shown comprising a fluid delivery apparatus 701. The fluid delivery apparatus 701 can be any suitable fluid delivery apparatus within the scope of the present disclosure (e.g. fluid delivery apparatus 1, fluid delivery apparatus 200). The bathing system 700 further comprises a fluid supply conduit 702 fluidly connected to the fluid delivery apparatus 701. The fluid supply conduit 702 can be releasably connected to the fluid delivery apparatus 701 by any suitable means (e.g. co-operating threads or a snap-fit connector). The fluid supply conduit 702 is configured to supply fluid from a fluid source (e.g. a mixing valve 4703) to the fluid delivery apparatus 701.

[0114] One or more panels 704 can partially or completely bound the bathing system 700. In the present example, the fluid delivery apparatus 701 is a showerhead and the bathing system 700 is a shower system. The panels 704 at least partially define a shower cubicle. The one or more panels 704 can comprise walls of a bathing environment.

[0115] The bathing system 700 can be any suitable bathing system, and it will be appreciated that the teachings of the present disclosure can be applied to other conduit systems (e.g. fire sprinkler systems).

[0116] The present disclosure should be understood to the effect that any separable feature or element of the disclosed invention, in any of its aspects and embodiments, should be considered as intended to be combinable, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, any or all of the features of the fluid delivery apparatus 1 described above can be present in the head 10’ of the fluid delivery apparatus 200 and / or the showerhead 350 of the fluid delivery apparatus 300 and / or the fluid delivery apparatus 400. Figures 1-4 Figure 7A and Figure 7B Figure 8 and / or the showerhead 350 of the fluid delivery apparatus 300 and / or the fluid delivery apparatus 400.​​Figure 9 of the showerhead 550.

[0117] The first aspect provides a fluid delivery apparatus for use in a bathing system, comprising: an inlet for receiving fluid from a fluid supply; one or more fluid delivery outlets in fluid communication with the inlet; and a switching apparatus disposed between the inlet and the fluid delivery outlets, the switching apparatus being operable to control fluid flow to the fluid delivery outlets; wherein the switching apparatus is configured such that it has a first operating mode in which there is a first fluid flow from the inlet to a first chamber leading to the one or more fluid delivery outlets, and a second operating mode in which there is a second fluid flow from the inlet to a second chamber leading to the one or more fluid delivery outlets; wherein, for a given fluid delivery outlet: when the switching apparatus is in the first operating mode, the first fluid flow enters the given fluid delivery outlet from the first chamber in a first direction and / or in a first position; when the switching apparatus is in the second operating mode, the second fluid flow enters the given fluid delivery outlet from the second chamber in a second direction and / or in a second position; wherein the second direction is different to the first direction and / or the second position is different to the first position; and wherein, during use of the fluid delivery apparatus, the switching apparatus is caused to cycle between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

[0118] During use of the fluid delivery apparatus, the switching apparatus is caused to continuously cycle between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

[0119] The second direction can differ from the first direction by an angle that is greater than or equal to 2°, greater than or equal to 5°, greater than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 15°, greater than or equal to 20°, or greater than or equal to 30°, and / or less than or equal to 10°, less than or equal to 15°, less than or equal to 20°, less than or equal to 30°, less than or equal to 40°, less than or equal to 60°, or less than or equal to 75°.

[0120] The second position can differ from the first position by a distance that is 2cm or less, 1cm or less, or 0.5cm or less. The second position can differ from the first position by a distance that is at least 0.05cm, at least 0.1cm, or at least 0.4cm.

[0121] The first chamber can lead to two or more fluid delivery outlets. The second chamber can lead to two or more fluid delivery outlets.

[0122] The inlet and the switching apparatus can each form part of a main body of the fluid delivery apparatus. The main body can be a single piece. Alternatively, the inlet and / or the switching apparatus can be selectively coupled to the remainder of the main body.

[0123] The fluid delivery apparatus can comprise a first plate comprising a first plurality of through-holes, each of the first plurality of through-holes feeding into a respective one of the fluid delivery outlets.

[0124] The fluid delivery apparatus can comprise a second plate comprising: a second plurality of through-holes, each of the second plurality of through-holes feeding into a respective one of the fluid delivery outlets; and a third plurality of through-holes, each of the third plurality of through-holes fluidically connecting a respective one of the first plurality of through-holes to a respective one of the fluid delivery outlets.

[0125] The first plate and / or the second plate can be disc-shaped, or can take any other flat, regular or irregular geometric shape.

[0126] The angle at which at least one of the fluid delivery outlets receives a flow from one of the second plurality of through-holes can be different from the angle at which it receives a flow from one of the third plurality of through-holes.

[0127] The angle at which each fluid delivery outlet receives a flow from one of the second plurality of through-holes can be different from the angle at which it receives a flow from one of the third plurality of through-holes.

[0128] The fluid delivery apparatus can further comprise a spray face comprising the fluid delivery outlets.

[0129] The fluid delivery apparatus can further comprise a cover forming a rear outer surface of the fluid delivery apparatus opposite the spray face. The cover can be configured to be coupled to the body.

[0130] The spray face can constitute an outer surface of the second plate.

[0131] Alternatively, the fluid delivery apparatus can further comprise a spray plate configured to be coupled to the rest of the fluid delivery apparatus. For example, the spray plate is configured to be selectively coupled to the body, the first plate, the second plate, and / or the cover. The spray face can constitute an outer surface of the spray plate.

[0132] The items of the fluid delivery apparatus configured to be coupled to each other can be configured to be selectively coupled to each other using any one or a combination of: a press-fit connector; a screw or other fastening means. Alternatively, the items of the fluid delivery apparatus configured to be coupled to each other can be configured to be permanently coupled to each other, for example by welding, adhesive, glue, or alternative fixing means.

[0133] The first chamber can be further from the spray face than the second chamber. This can be measured by comparing distances, for example the shortest distance from the centre of the respective volume of the first and second chambers to the spray face.

[0134] The fluid delivery apparatus can be configured such that the first chamber is further from the spray face than the second chamber, i.e. the shortest distance between each point of the first / second chamber to the spray face is measured. For example, the first layer is further from the spray face than the second layer means that, when measured from each point of the first and second layers, the distance (e.g. shortest distance) from the first layer to the spray face is greater than the distance (e.g. shortest distance) from the second layer to the spray face. The fluid delivery apparatus can be configured such that all of the first chamber is further from the spray face than all of the second chamber, i.e. the shortest distance between each point of the first / second chamber to the spray face is measured. For example, the entire first layer is further from the spray face than the entire second layer means that, when measured from each point of the first and second layers, the shortest distance from the first layer to the spray face is greater than the shortest distance from the second layer to the spray face.

[0135] The first spray plate can be parallel to the second spray plate.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first spray plate can not be parallel to the second spray plate.

[0137] The spray face can be substantially planar. One or both of the first and second spray plates can be parallel to the spray face, or can not be parallel to the spray face.

[0138] In one embodiment, the fluid delivery apparatus can be configured such that there is no second fluid flow from the inlet to the second chamber when the switching apparatus is in the first mode of operation, and there is no first fluid flow from the inlet to the second chamber when the switching apparatus is in the second mode of operation.

[0139] The fluid delivery apparatus can be configured such that the fluid flow from the inlet to the first chamber when the switching apparatus is in the first mode of operation is different to the flow rate when the switching apparatus is in the second mode of operation.

[0140] The fluid delivery apparatus can be configured such that the fluid flow from the inlet to the second chamber when the switching apparatus is in the first mode of operation is different to the flow rate when the switching apparatus is in the second mode of operation.

[0141] The fluid delivery apparatus can be configured such that there is no fluid flow from the inlet to the second chamber when the switching apparatus is in the first mode of operation, and / or there is no fluid flow from the inlet to the second chamber when the switching apparatus is in the second mode of operation.

[0142] The switching device can comprise: a switching device inlet; at least two switching device outlets, each of the at least two switching device outlets feeding into a respective one of the first chamber and the second chamber; and a switching mechanism configured to cycle (e.g. continuously cycle) between a first operating mode and a second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode flow is directed from the switching device inlet through the switching mechanism to a first switching device outlet of the at least two switching device outlets to form the first fluid flow, and in the second operating mode flow is directed from the switching device inlet through the switching mechanism to a second switching device outlet of the at least two switching device outlets to form the second fluid flow.

[0143] The switching device inlet, the switching mechanism, and the at least two switching device outlets can be disposed in a common plane, which can be substantially (or entirely) perpendicular to a direction of fluid output from the one or more fluid delivery outlets. The direction of fluid output from the one or more fluid delivery outlets can be an average of the volumetric output velocity from the fluid delivery outlets.

[0144] The common plane can be substantially (or entirely) parallel to one or more of the spray face, the spray plate, the first plate, the second plate, or the lid.

[0145] The switching device can be configured such that it is stationary relative to the rest of the fluid delivery device during cycling between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

[0146] The switching device can be configured such that each part of the switching device is stationary relative to the rest of the fluid delivery device during cycling between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

[0147] One or more of the second plurality of through-holes can be tilted by an angle a relative to the third plurality of through-holes, such that for a given fluid delivery outlet, a direction of the first fluid flow into the fluid delivery outlet is different to a direction of the second fluid flow into the fluid delivery outlet.

[0148] The angle a can be greater than or equal to 2°, greater than or equal to 5°, greater than or equal to 10°, greater than or equal to 15°, greater than or equal to 20°, or greater than or equal to 30°, and / or less than or equal to 10°, less than or equal to 15°, less than or equal to 20°, less than or equal to 30°, less than or equal to 40°, less than or equal to 60°, or less than or equal to 75°.

[0149] The switching device can comprise a front chamber, which is fluidically connected to the first chamber by a first channel, and fluidically connected to the second chamber by a second channel.

[0150] The switching device can comprise a first feedback loop providing a path for fluid flow from the first passageway to the front chamber.

[0151] The switching device can comprise a second feedback loop providing a path for fluid flow from the second passageway to the front chamber.

[0152] The switching device can be configured such that fluid flow from the first feedback loop interferes with fluid flow to the first passageway, thereby switching the switching device from its first operating mode to its second operating mode, and fluid flow from the second feedback loop interferes with fluid flow to the second passageway, thereby switching the switching device from its second operating mode to its first operating mode.

[0153] The switching device can comprise a moveable element configured to at least partially obstruct and at least partially unobstruct fluid flow from the inlet to the first chamber and fluid flow from the inlet to the second chamber in a continuous cycle, such that in use the switching device can cycle (e.g. continuously cycle) between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

[0154] The moveable element can be rotatable and can be a turbine.

[0155] The moveable element can be driven entirely or predominantly by fluid flow from the inlet.

[0156] Alternatively, the moveable element can be motorised and / or electrically powered.

[0157] The fluid delivery device can be configured such that there is a third fluid flow from the inlet to one or more other fluid delivery outlets when the switching device is in the first operating mode or the second operating mode.

[0158] The fluid delivery device can comprise or consist essentially of a spray head, such as those commonly found on a shower or a tap.

[0159] The fluid can comprise water.

[0160] A fluid delivery apparatus can comprise a conduit assembly comprising: a conduit configured to transport a flow of fluid; a flow restrictor configured to restrict the flow of the fluid flow along the conduit, thereby creating a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor in use; one or more air introduction channels for transporting a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit at one or more locations downstream of the flow restrictor; and an air introduction channel closure device operable between a first state in which one or more of the air introduction channels are open and a second state in which one or more of the air introduction channels are closed; wherein: when the air introduction channel closure device is in the first state, the pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor causes the flow of air to be drawn along the open air introduction channels, wherein the flow of air mixes with the fluid flow in the conduit to form an aerated fluid flow; and when the air introduction channel closure device is in the second state, no flow of air is transported from outside the conduit into the conduit along the closed air introduction channels.

[0161] The air introduction channel closure device can be operable to translate relative to the conduit. For example, the air introduction channel closure device can be operable to translate relative to the conduit in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the conduit.

[0162] In one implementation, the air introduction channel closure device can comprise a sleeve.

[0163] The air introduction channel closure device can comprise a handle device to facilitate manual actuation between the first state and the second state.

[0164] The handle device can comprise a ridge. The ridge can at least partially have a crescent or arc shape, although other shapes are contemplated.

[0165] The conduit assembly can be comprised of two parts, for example a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part being configured to selectively couple to one another.

[0166] Either or both of the first part and the second part can be substantially tubular.

[0167] An end of the first part proximate the second part can form a reduced radius portion having an outer radius that is less than a remainder of the first part.

[0168] An end of the second part proximate the first part can form an increased radius portion having an inner radius that is greater than a remainder of the second part.

[0169] In alternative embodiments, the conduit assembly can be made of more or fewer parts.

[0170] One or more threaded portions may be provided on the outer surface of the reduced radius portion and / or on the inner surface of the increased radius portion.

[0171] The first part may be configured to at least partially fit within and engage with the second part to selectively connect the first and second parts of the conduit.

[0172] The current limiter can form one end of a hollow insert.

[0173] The conduit assembly can be configured such that the hollow insert is located within the first part. For example, the hollow insert can be located within a reduced radius portion.

[0174] The hollow insert may include a radially projecting edge away from the current limiter.

[0175] The hollow insert can be configured such that its edge is sandwiched between the first part and the second part.

[0176] One or more air inlet channels may include a first set of air inlet passages, the first set of air inlet passages being perforated in a first part of the conduit.

[0177] One or more air inlet channels may include a second set of air inlet passages that perforate the hollow insert.

[0178] One or more of the second set of air inlet passages can be arranged to receive air from a corresponding one of the first set of air inlet passages and to supply air into the interior of the hollow insert.

[0179] The first group of air inlet pathways and / or the second group of air inlet pathways may include one or more air inlet pathways. For example, the first group of air inlet pathways may include 2 or more, 4 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, or 16 or more air inlet pathways and / or 32 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 10 or less, or 8 or less air inlet pathways. The second group of air inlet pathways may include 2 or more, 4 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, or 16 or more air inlet pathways and / or 32 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 10 or less, or 8 or less air inlet pathways.

[0180] The first set of air inlet channels can be regularly distributed around the circumference of the first part (optionally, the reduced radius portion). The second set of air inlet channels can be regularly distributed around the circumference of the second part (optionally, the increased radius portion). In an alternative embodiment, the air inlet channels may be arranged irregularly.

[0181] The conduit assembly can be configured such that air can enter the hollow insert downstream of the flow restrictor. For example, the conduit assembly can be configured such that air can enter the hollow insert immediately downstream of the flow restrictor.

[0182] The conduit assembly can be configured such that when the air intake passage closing device is in the first state, there is a gap between the front end of the air intake passage closing device proximate the second piece and the second piece, thereby opening the air intake passage.

[0183] The conduit assembly can be configured such that when the air intake passage closing device is in the second state, the front end of the air intake passage closing device contacts the second piece, thereby sealing the front end of the air intake passage closing device against the second piece.

[0184] Two sealing members can be disposed on the outer surface of the reduced radius portion on either side of the first set of air intake passageways. A first of the two sealing members (the one distal from the second piece) can act to help limit or prevent air from entering the conduit via the gap between the rear end of the air intake passage closing device and the first piece.

[0185] The inner radius of the air intake passage closing device can increase towards the front end of the air intake passage closing device. When the air intake passage closing device is in the first state, there can be a gap between a second of the two sealing members and the air intake passage closing device.

[0186] When the air intake passage closing device is in the second state, each of the two sealing members can inhibit or prevent fluid (e.g., air or water) from flowing between the reduced radius portion and the air intake passage closing device.

[0187] When the air intake passage closing device is in the second state, the second sealing member can act as a secondary seal to limit or prevent air from entering the conduit between the front end of the air intake passage closing device and the second piece.

[0188] The fluid delivery apparatus can comprise or consist essentially of a handheld shower or a fixed overhead shower.

[0189] The fluid delivery apparatus can comprise a showerhead for use in a shower.

[0190] The conduit assembly can be integrated into a support pipe that can secure the fluid delivery apparatus relative to a shower enclosure in which the fluid delivery apparatus is installed.

[0191] The flow restrictor can comprise a section of the conduit in which the cross-sectional area narrows gradually in the direction of fluid flow.

[0192] The conduit can be perforated with one or more air intake channels for transporting a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit.

[0193] The air intake channel closure device can comprise a moveable plate. The moveable plate can be operable to actuate the transportation of air along the one or more air intake channels.

[0194] The moveable plate can form a rear outer surface of the showerhead.

[0195] The moveable plate can be operable to move relative to the one or more air intake channels. For example, the moveable plate can be operable to rotate about an axis of the fluid delivery apparatus. The axis can pass through the centre of the shower face of the showerhead and be aligned substantially perpendicularly thereto.

[0196] When the air intake channel closure device is in the first state, the moveable plate can be arranged such that the one or more through-thickness apertures are at least partially aligned with the one or more air intake channels, thereby enabling a flow of air to enter the one or more air intake channels. Thus, in this state, the air intake channels can be open.

[0197] When the air intake channel closure device is in the second state, the one or more through-thickness apertures can be misaligned with the one or more air intake channels, thereby preventing or substantially reducing a flow of air from entering the one or more air intake channels. Thus, in this state, the one or more air intake channels can be substantially or completely closed.

[0198] The moveable plate can comprise a handle to enable a user to actuate the moveable plate between the first state and the second state.

[0199] The second aspect provides a conduit assembly comprising: a conduit configured to transport a flow of fluid; a flow restrictor configured to restrict the flow of the flow of fluid along the conduit, thereby creating a pressure drop in the flow of fluid downstream of the flow restrictor in use; one or more air intake channels for transporting a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit at one or more locations downstream of the flow restrictor; and an air intake channel closure device operable between a first state in which one or more of the air intake channels are open and a second state in which one or more of the air intake channels are closed; wherein: when the air intake channel closure device is in the first state, the pressure drop in the flow of fluid downstream of the flow restrictor causes the flow of air to be drawn along the open air intake channel(s), wherein the flow of air mixes with the flow of fluid in the conduit to form an aerated flow of fluid; and when the air intake channel closure device is in the second state, no flow of air is transported from outside the conduit into the conduit along the closed air intake channel(s).

[0200] The conduit can be configured to transport a fluid stream to or through a portion of a fluid delivery device. The conduit can be located upstream of the fluid delivery device. The conduit can be at least partially disposed within the fluid delivery device.

[0201] The air intake passage closure device can be operable to translate relative to the conduit. For example, the air intake passage closure device can be operable to translate relative to the conduit in a direction that is parallel (or substantially parallel) to a longitudinal axis of the conduit.

[0202] In one implementation, the air intake passage closure device can comprise a sleeve.

[0203] The air intake passage closure device can comprise a grip device to facilitate manual actuation between the first state and the second state.

[0204] The grip device can comprise a ridge. The ridge can at least partially have a crescent or arc shape. Other shapes of the ridge are contemplated in alternative embodiments.

[0205] The conduit assembly can be comprised of two parts, e.g., a first part and a second part, configured to selectively couple to one another (although alternative embodiments can include more or fewer parts).

[0206] Either or both of the first part and the second part can be substantially tubular.

[0207] An end of the first part proximate the second part can form a reduced radius portion having an outer radius that is less than a remaining portion of the first part.

[0208] An end of the second part proximate the first part can form an increased radius portion having an inner radius that is greater than a remaining portion of the second part.

[0209] One or more threaded portions can be disposed on an outer surface of the reduced radius portion and / or an inner surface of the increased radius portion.

[0210] The first part can be configured to at least partially fit within and engage the second part to selectively couple the first part and the second part of the conduit.

[0211] The flow restrictor can form an end of the hollow insert.

[0212] The conduit assembly can be configured such that the hollow insert is located within the first part. For example, the hollow insert can be located within the reduced radius portion.

[0213] The hollow insert can comprise a radially protruding rim distal from the flow restrictor.

[0214] The conduit assembly can be configured such that the rim is sandwiched between the first piece and the second piece.

[0215] The one or more air introduction channels can include a first set of air introduction passages that are at least partially perforated through the first piece of the conduit.

[0216] The one or more air introduction channels can include a second set of air introduction passages that are at least partially perforated through the hollow insert.

[0217] One or more of the second set of air introduction passages can be arranged to receive air from a corresponding one of the first set of air introduction passages and provide the air to an interior of the hollow insert.

[0218] The first set of air introduction passages and / or the second set of air introduction passages can include one or more air introduction passages. For example, the first set of air introduction passages can include greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 4, greater than or equal to 8, greater than or equal to 10, or greater than or equal to 16 air introduction passages and / or less than or equal to 32, less than or equal to 18, less than or equal to 16, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 8 air introduction passages. The second set of air introduction passages can include greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 4, greater than or equal to 8, greater than or equal to 10, or greater than or equal to 16 air introduction passages and / or less than or equal to 32, less than or equal to 18, less than or equal to 16, less than or equal to 10, or less than or equal to 8 air introduction passages.

[0219] The first set of air introduction passages can be regularly distributed around a circumference of the first piece (optionally, the reduced radius portion). The second set of air introduction passages can be regularly distributed around a circumference of the second piece (optionally, the increased radius portion). In alternative embodiments, the air introduction passages can be irregularly distributed.

[0220] The conduit assembly can be configured such that air can enter the hollow insert downstream of the flow restrictor. For example, the conduit assembly can be configured such that air can enter the hollow insert immediately downstream of the flow restrictor.

[0221] The conduit assembly can be configured such that when the air introduction channel closure device is in the first state, there is a gap between a leading end of the air introduction channel closure device proximate the second piece and the second piece, thereby opening the air introduction channel.

[0222] The conduit assembly can be configured such that when the air introduction channel closure device is in the second state, the leading end of the air introduction channel closure device contacts the second piece, thereby sealing the leading end of the air introduction channel closure device against the second piece.

[0223] Two sealing members can be disposed on the outer surface of the reduced radius portion on either side of the first set of air intake passages. A first of the two sealing members (the one distal from the second piece) can act to restrict or prevent air from entering the conduit via a gap between the rear end of the air intake passage closure device and the first piece.

[0224] The inner radius of the air intake passage closure device can increase towards the front end of the air intake passage closure device. There can be a gap between the second of the two sealing members and the air intake passage closure device when the air intake passage closure device is in the first state.

[0225] Either or both of the two sealing members can inhibit or prevent fluid (e.g. air or water) from flowing between the reduced radius portion and the air intake passage closure device when the air intake passage closure device is in the second state.

[0226] The second sealing member can act as a secondary seal to restrict or prevent air from entering the conduit between the front end of the air intake passage closure device and the second piece when the air intake passage closure device is in the second state.

[0227] The conduit assembly can be integrated into a support duct configured to secure the fluid delivery device relative to a shower enclosure in which the fluid delivery device is installed.

[0228] The conduit assembly can be configured to be integrated into a showerhead of the fluid delivery device.

[0229] The flow restrictor can comprise a section of the conduit in which the cross-sectional area tapers in the direction of fluid flow.

[0230] The conduit can be perforated by one or more air intake passages for transporting a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit.

[0231] The air intake passage closure device can comprise a moveable plate. The moveable plate can be operable to actuate the transportation of air along the one or more air intake passages.

[0232] The moveable plate can form a rear outer surface of the showerhead.

[0233] The moveable plate can be operable to move relative to the one or more air intake passages. For example, the moveable plate can be operable to rotate about an axis of the fluid delivery device. The axis can pass through the centre of the drenching face of the showerhead and be aligned substantially perpendicularly thereto.

[0234] When the air intake passage closure arrangement is in the first state, the moveable plate can be arranged such that the one or more through-thickness apertures are at least partially aligned with the one or more air intake passages, thereby enabling airflow into the one or more air intake passages. Thus, in this state, the air intake passage(s) can be open.

[0235] When the air intake passage closure arrangement is in the second state, the one or more through-thickness apertures can be misaligned with the one or more air intake passages, thereby preventing or reducing airflow into the one or more air intake passages. Thus, in this state, the one or more air intake passages can be closed or substantially closed.

[0236] The moveable plate can comprise a grip to enable a user to actuate the moveable plate between the first and second states.

[0237] A third aspect provides a fluid delivery apparatus or plumbing system comprising the conduit assembly according to the second aspect.

[0238] A fourth aspect provides a plumbing system comprising: a fluid delivery apparatus according to the first aspect or a fluid delivery apparatus according to the second aspect; and a fluid supply conduit configured to fluidly connect the fluid delivery apparatus to a fluid source.

[0239] The fluid source can comprise a mixer valve or an instant hot water heater.

[0240] The plumbing system can be a bathing system, such as a shower system.

[0241] The bathing system can be at least partially disposed within a shower cubicle and / or a bath cubicle.

[0242] The skilled person will appreciate that features or parameters described in relation to any one aspect described above can be applied to any other aspect, except where such an application would be mutually exclusive. Furthermore, any feature or parameter described herein can be applied to any aspect and / or in combination with any other feature or parameter described herein, except where such an application would be mutually exclusive.

[0243] It will be understood that the application is not limited to the embodiments above-described and can be put into effect with modifications and improvements of detail. Any feature in one aspect of the application can be utilised in any other aspect of the application, insofar as this does not result in an inconsistency or contradictory aspect. Furthermore, combinations of any of the features or parameters described herein extend to and include all combinations and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A fluid delivery apparatus comprising: an inlet; one or more fluid delivery outlets in fluid communication with the inlet; and a switching apparatus disposed between the inlet and the one or more fluid delivery outlets, the switching apparatus controlling fluid flow to the fluid delivery outlets; wherein the switching apparatus has a first operating mode in which there is a first fluid flow from the inlet to a first chamber leading to one or more of the fluid delivery outlets, and a second operating mode in which there is a second fluid flow from the inlet to a second chamber leading to one or more of the fluid delivery outlets; wherein for a given fluid delivery outlet: when the switching apparatus is in the first operating mode, the first fluid flow enters the given fluid delivery outlet from the first chamber in a first direction and / or a first position; when the switching apparatus is in the second operating mode, the second fluid flow enters the given fluid delivery outlet from the second chamber in a second direction and / or a second position; wherein the second direction is different to the first direction and / or the second position is different to the first position; and wherein the switching apparatus cycles between the first operating mode and the second operating mode.

2. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second direction differs from the first direction by an angle of greater than or equal to 2° and / or less than or equal to 75°.

3. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second position differs from the first position by a distance of 2 cm or less and / or the second position differs from the first position by a distance of at least 0.05 cm.

4. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first chamber leads to two or more of the fluid delivery outlets and / or the second chamber leads to two or more of the fluid delivery outlets.

5. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a spray face, the spray face comprising the fluid delivery outlets.

6. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first chamber is further from the spray face than the second chamber.

7. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switching apparatus comprises: a switching apparatus inlet; at least two switching apparatus outlets, each of the at least two switching apparatus outlets feeding a respective one of the first chamber and the second chamber; and a switching mechanism that cycles between the first operating mode and the second operating mode, wherein in the first operating mode, flow from the switching apparatus inlet is directed through the switching mechanism to a first switching apparatus outlet of the at least two switching apparatus outlets to form the first fluid flow, and in the second operating mode, flow from the switching apparatus inlet is directed through the switching mechanism to a second switching apparatus outlet of the at least two switching apparatus outlets to form the second fluid flow. ​ ​ 8. The fluid delivery device of claim 7, wherein the switching device comprises a front chamber fluidically connected to the first chamber by a first passageway and fluidically connected to the second chamber by a second passageway.

9. The fluid delivery device of claim 8, wherein the switching device comprises a first feedback loop and a second feedback loop, the first feedback loop providing a path for fluid flow from the first passageway to the front chamber, the second feedback loop providing a path for fluid flow from the second passageway to the front chamber.

10. The fluid delivery device of claim 9, wherein fluid flow from the first feedback loop interferes with fluid flow to the first passageway, thereby switching the switching device from its first mode of operation to its second mode of operation; and fluid flow from the second feedback loop interferes with fluid flow to the second passageway, thereby switching the switching device from its second mode of operation to its first mode of operation.

11. The fluid delivery device of claim 1, further comprising a conduit assembly, the conduit assembly comprising: a conduit; a flow restrictor that restricts flow of fluid flow along the conduit, thereby creating a pressure drop in fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor in use; one or more air introduction passageways that transport a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit at one or more locations downstream of the flow restrictor; and an air introduction passageway closure device having a first state in which one or more of the air introduction passageways are open and a second state in which one or more of the air introduction passageways are closed; wherein: when the air introduction passageway closure device is in the first state, the pressure drop in fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor causes one or more flows of air to be drawn along the open one or more air introduction passageways, wherein the one or more flows of air mix with the fluid flow in the conduit to form an aerated fluid flow; and when the air introduction passageway closure device is in the second state, no flow of air is transported from outside the conduit into the conduit along the closed one or more air introduction passageways.

12. The fluid delivery device of claim 11, wherein the air introduction passageway closure device translates relative to the conduit.

13. A conduit assembly, comprising: a conduit; a flow restrictor that restricts flow of fluid flow along the conduit, thereby creating a pressure drop in fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor in use; one or more air introduction passageways that transport a flow of air from outside the conduit into the conduit at one or more locations downstream of the flow restrictor; and an air introduction passageway closure device having a first state in which one or more of the air introduction passageways are open and a second state in which one or more of the air introduction passageways are closed; wherein: when the air introduction passageway closure device is in the first state, the pressure drop in fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor causes one or more flows of air to be drawn along the open one or more air introduction passageways, wherein the one or more flows of air mix with the fluid flow in the conduit to form an aerated fluid flow; and when the air introduction passageway closure device is in the second state, no flow of air is transported from outside the conduit into the conduit along the closed one or more air introduction passageways. an air intake passage closure device having a first state in which one or more of the air intake passages are open and a second state in which one or more of the air intake passages are closed; wherein: when the air intake passage closure device is in the first state, a pressure drop in the fluid flow downstream of the flow restrictor causes one or more air flows to be drawn along the open one or more air intake passages, wherein the one or more air flows mix with the fluid flow in the conduit to form an aerated fluid flow; and when the air intake passage closure device is in the second state, no air flows are transported from outside the conduit into the conduit along the closed one or more air intake passages.

14. The conduit assembly of claim 13, wherein the air intake passage closure device translates relative to the conduit.

15. A fluid delivery apparatus or plumbing system comprising the conduit assembly of claim 13.

16. A plumbing system comprising: the fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1 ; and a fluid supply conduit fluidically connecting the fluid delivery apparatus to a fluid source.

17. The plumbing system of claim 16, wherein the fluid source comprises a mixing valve or an instant hot water heater. ​

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