Novel straw bio-organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers. The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of chrysanthemum cake, 25-35 parts of tobacco powder, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 3-7 parts of an organic material decomposition agent, 0.8-1.2 parts of a localized functional microbial agent and 8-12 parts of an auxiliary material. When the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is prepared, the aminobutyric acid and the polyglutamic acid which have extremely high water retention, fertilizer retention, effect promotion and crop growth stimulation performance are compounded, so that the fertilizer efficiency and microbial effects of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer are fully exerted, the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer has distinct low-fertilizer and high-efficiency characteristics, the pesticide-fertilizer double-reduction effect is prominent, and the application prospect is wide. The composition has obvious weight-losing, quality-improving and synergistic effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizer, and in particular to a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Konjac is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Amorphophallus in the family Araceae. It is currently the only plant that can be used to extract glucomannan in large quantities. It is mainly distributed in China, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. Konjac glucomannan is a soluble hemifiber that effectively absorbs cholesterol and bile acid, inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and bile acid, and prevents obesity, three highs, diabetes and other unique effects. It is called the "intestinal scavenger" and is identified by the World Health Organization as one of the top ten health foods. The dietary fiber it contains is named by the WHO as the seventh nutritional element for the human body.

[0003] However, the total volume of konjac cultivation has not increased significantly. If 15 tons of fresh konjac are used to produce 1 ton of refined flour, the yield of commercial fresh konjac per mu is only about 0.3 tons per mu, which is only equivalent to the amount of seeds used. It is a crop that is truly "widely planted but yields little".

[0004] Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Ecc is the main cause of konjac production reduction or even crop failure. The disease is serious, and large-scale continuous planting is very easy to break out, develop rapidly, and has no medicine to cure. Konjac soft rot (Ecc) is a bacterial soil-borne disease. As one of the key pathogenic factors of devastating konjac, the disease is prone to disease from planting to storage, transportation and other links. According to investigations, the average diseased plant rate of soft rot in konjac planting bases reaches more than 35%, and the reduction in production reaches 30-70%. In severe cases, even large-scale crop failures occur, causing heavy economic losses and seriously dampening the enthusiasm of farmers to plant konjac. At present, this "stubborn disease" has no effective prevention and treatment methods at home and abroad. Therefore, developing a planting method that effectively controls the soft rot of konjac has huge potential application value and practical production technology significance for the development of konjac planting industry and even the entire konjac industry.

[0005] Biofertilizer and biopesticide technologies with biocontrol bacteria technology as the core are favored by researchers in the prevention and control of konjac soft rot because of their environmental protection, safety, high efficiency, and compliance with ecological control, and have achieved certain practical results. However, the effect of biocontrol bacteria technology is unstable, and the technology of strain rejuvenation, survival, colonization, and efficacy is complex and highly specific. The existing technology is difficult to truly solve the key technical problems of large-scale continuous planting of konjac and more serious konjac soft rot. In addition, biofertilizers have problems such as low standardization, uneven product quality, and difficulty in supervision and regulation. In agricultural production practice, they have been used many times and have the effect of "pathogen culture medium". Therefore, in actual production, the majority of farmers and small farmers who grow konjac basically abandon and reject bio-fertilizers, and often adopt the traditional method of high-frequency application of pesticides (1 to 2 times a week) to alleviate the soft rot of konjac. However, this method has failed to fundamentally eliminate and alleviate the soft rot of konjac, and has also resulted in serious excessive amounts of pesticide residues and heavy metals in the products, the quality and safety of commercial konjac cannot be guaranteed, konjac cultivation and production are more dependent on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the planting benefits are declining year by year, creating a vicious circle and making the konjac industry increasingly unsustainable.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the characteristics of konjac soft rot bacterial soil-borne disease, providing a konjac-specific biological organic fertilizer that can improve soil performance may be the key to fundamentally eliminate and alleviate konjac soft rot.

[0007] However, the straw organic fertilizer commonly used in konjac cultivation is mainly made from common straw such as vegetable waste, wheat straw, rice straw, and corn straw. Because it is common straw, the organic fermentation and composting process will produce a large number of similar allelopathic toxins of common crops. Long-term application will lead to the accumulation of crop allelopathic toxins, inhibit the reproduction and proliferation of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, lead to an imbalance in the soil microecological structure, and aggravate the development of continuous cropping diseases. In addition, most common straws do not have active ingredients for antibacterial and insecticidal activities, have a high carbon content, and require the addition of a large amount of N source during the fermentation process, which mainly comes from mixed livestock and poultry manure. Livestock and poultry manure is not easy to ferment completely, and there is a "difficult" problem of pathogen "culture medium" in the application of konjac cultivation. The superimposed effect of "toxic" straw and "toxic and bacterial" livestock and poultry manure in konjac cultivation buries hidden dangers for the outbreak of pests and diseases. In addition, the preparation of common straw bio-organic fertilizers also has problems such as non-localized microbial functional strains, poor adaptability, low degree of standardization in the production of microbial agents, difficulty in colonization and survival to form dominant strains, unstable efficacy, high prices, and low social recognition.

[0008] Straw-based composite microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from common "poisonous" straw and "poisonous and bacterial" livestock and poultry manure. The preparation of the composite microbial fertilizer is based on a simple mixture of chemical fertilizers. The proportion of chemical fertilizer addition is relatively high, and it does not pay attention to the inhibitory effect of salt in high fertilizer proportions on functional microorganisms. It also does not pay attention to the key technical problem that organic matter mainly adsorbs cations and is difficult to adsorb and fix nitrate nitrogen. In actual application, there are still key technical problems such as easy leaching of nitrogen nutrients, difficulty in fully exerting the water and fertilizer retention effects, low activity of functional microorganisms, and weak disease inhibition.

[0009] Therefore, the field urgently needs to provide a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer with strong pertinence to solve the technical problems that the existing bio-organic fertilizer has no obvious effect on improving soil ecology, and even the bio-fertilizer becomes a pathogen culture medium, which cannot reverse soil-borne diseases when applied to large-scale konjac cultivation, causing the disease to continue to worsen and develop. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing bio-organic fertilizer has an insignificant effect on improving soil ecology, and even the bio-fertilizer becomes a pathogen culture medium, and is applied to large-scale konjac planting and cannot reverse the persistence of soil-borne diseases, causing the diseases to develop more aggravated.

[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] The invention provides a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer, which is prepared from the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 25-35 parts of smoke foam, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 3-7 parts of organic material decomposition agent, 0.8-1.2 parts of localized functional bacterial agent and 8-12 parts of auxiliary materials;

[0013] The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3.8 to 4.2 parts of base No. 1 microbial agent, 0.9 to 1.1 parts of aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and 4.8 to 5.2 parts of polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent.

[0014] Preferably, the content of pure humic acid in the humic acid is greater than or equal to 40%.

[0015] Preferably, the base No. 1 microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus Velez YWF-17-0003, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 and Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 in a mass ratio of 1.8-2.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2;

[0016] The concentration of the Bacillus Velezii YWF-17-0003 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 is 75-85 billion CFU / mL;

[0017] The aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2;

[0018] The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 1.8 to 2.2 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 is 1.8 to 2.2 billion CFU / g; the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is 0.1 to 1.0%, and the content of glutathione is 0.05 to 0.2%;

[0019] The polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 and Bacillus WSWFJ41 according to a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2;

[0020] The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; and the concentration of the Bacillus WSWFJ41 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g.

[0021] Preferably, the auxiliary material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of distiller's grains, 2-4 parts of fish protein, 5-7 parts of rapeseed oil cake, 3-5 parts of potassium humate, and 3-5 parts of potassium nicotinate.

[0022] The invention provides a method for preparing the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer, comprising mixing a formula amount of chrysanthemum ash, smoke foam, humic acid, an organic material composting agent and auxiliary materials, composting and fermenting the mixture, turning the compost regularly, and mixing the compost with a localized functional bacterial agent after aging to obtain the novel straw bio-fertilizer.

[0023] Preferably, the time interval between each compost turning is 3 to 7 days, the first compost turning is on the 3rd to 5th day of compost fermentation, and the compost is turned 4 to 6 times in total; the aging time is 20 to 30 days.

[0024] The present invention also provides a novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac, which is composed of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer;

[0025] The konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer and a high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer;

[0026] The high nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer is prepared from the following components by weight: 600-700 parts of urea, 280-320 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 48-52 parts of tung oil rosin coating material;

[0027] The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 75-85 parts of superphosphate, 550-650 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-350 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0028] Preferably, the mass ratio of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer to the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer is 11-12:0.9-1.1;

[0029] The mass ratio of the high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer to the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2;

[0030] The N content in the urea is 40-50%;

[0031] The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains 12-16% K2O, 10-15% MgO, 25-30% CaO, 15-18% Fe2O3 and 25-40% SiO2.

[0032] The tung oil rosin coating material has an N content of 10-12% and a P2O5 content of 45-61%;

[0033] The P2O5 content in the superphosphate is 12-16%;

[0034] The K2O content in the potassium sulfate is 50-52%;

[0035] The N content of the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the P2O5 content is 45-61%.

[0036] The present invention provides application of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer or the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared according to the method or the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac in preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and / or increasing konjac yield.

[0037] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and / or increasing konjac yield by using the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer or the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared according to the method or the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) After the planting land is turned over, dried and disinfected, ridges are formed, and a new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer specially used for konjac is spread at an application rate of 450-550 kg / mu;

[0039] (2) After the pond is dug on the ridge, a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the pond at an application rate of 900-1100 kg / mu;

[0040] (3) sowing konjac bulbs at the bottom of a pond, wherein the konjac bulbs are turned over and dried in sunlight for 20 to 30 days before sowing;

[0041] (4) After sowing konjac, corn is interplanted in the furrows, and after planting konjac, weed sealant and pine needles are applied;

[0042] (5) Apply a new type of straw-based compound microbial fertilizer specifically for konjac once during the konjac head replacement period and the key period for underground bulb enlargement, with an application rate of 90-110 kg / mu.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The invention compounded aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid which have the performances of water retention, fertilizer retention, efficiency promotion and crop growth stimulation during the preparation of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer, so that the fertilizer efficiency and microbial efficacy of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and the konjac-specific straw composite microbial fertilizer prepared therefrom can be fully exerted, and the fertilizer has a distinct "low fertilizer and high efficiency" feature, and the dual-reduction effect of medicine and fertilizer is outstanding, and has significant weight loss, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement effects.

[0045] The present invention creatively proposes a technical solution of using a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer as pond base fertilizer and spreading a new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer before pond digging, which can effectively solve the problem of insufficient fertilizer supply in the middle and late stages of traditional konjac cultivation, leading to premature aging of konjac, and reduced resistance to pathogens, causing large-scale konjac soft rot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] 1. The preparation method of localized functional bacterial agent, the steps are as follows:

[0049] (1) Bacillus Velezii YWF-17-0003 with a concentration of 300 billion CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 with a concentration of 300 billion CFU / mL, and Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 with a concentration of 80 billion CFU / mL were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:2:1 to obtain a base microbial agent No. 1;

[0050] (2) mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 with a concentration of 2 billion CFU / g and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 with a concentration of 2 billion CFU / g in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain an aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, wherein the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid is 0.5% and the content of glutathione is 0.1%;

[0051] (3) Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 with a concentration of 100 billion CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 with a concentration of 100 billion CFU / mL, and Bacillus WSWFJ41 with a concentration of 100 billion CFU / mL were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:2:1 to obtain a microbial agent containing polyglutamic acid;

[0052] (4) The base No. 1 microbial agent, the aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent and the polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent are mixed in a volume ratio of 4:1:5 to obtain a localized functional microbial agent (the effective number of live bacteria is 40 to 50 billion CFU / g, ready for use).

[0053] 2. The preparation method of konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0054] (1) Large granular urea (N content of 46%), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (K2O content of 12%, MgO content of 12%, CaO content of 26%, Fe2O3 content of 16%, SiO2 content of 30%) and tung oil rosin coating material (N content of 10%, P2O5 content of 45%) were mixed in a mass ratio of 650:300:50 to obtain a high nitrogen controlled release fertilizer;

[0055] (2) superphosphate (P2O5 content of 14%), potassium sulfate (K2O content of 50%) and monoammonium phosphate (N content of 10%, P2O5 content of 45%) were crushed and mixed in a mass ratio of 80:600:320 to obtain a high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 2:15:30;

[0056] (3) The high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer and the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 15:8:17.

[0057] 3. The preparation method of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) mixing distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and tobacco potassium (substances left after burning tobacco stems) in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4 to obtain an auxiliary material for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer and promoting the fermentation of the fertilizer;

[0059] (2) 30 parts by weight of chrysanthemum blight (waste product discharged from the extraction of chrysanthemum medicinal ingredients), 30 parts by weight of tobacco foam (waste discharged from the tobacco industry), 30 parts by weight of humic acid (pure humic acid content ≥ 40%), 5 parts by weight of organic matter composting agent (straw type, purchased from Zhongnong Lvkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and 10 parts by weight of auxiliary materials were mixed and then piled for fermentation. During the fermentation process, a double-head mixer (model: JAQ350) was used for stirring (the stirring drum was 2 m long, the stirring speed was 1440 r / min, and the stirring time was 20 s), and the mixture was placed in a fermentation bin for fermentation;

[0060] (3) On the 4th day of composting, the temperature of the fermented material rises and remains constant at 55-60°C, and the first compost turning is performed; after 7 days of composting, the second compost turning is performed; after 7 days of composting, the third compost turning is performed, and the temperature of the fermented material is 35-40°C; thereafter, the compost turning is performed once every 7 days, and the compost turning operation is completed after 5 times of composting;

[0061] (4) The turned materials are shoveled into an aging bin by a loader, and stacked and aged at 38° C. for 25 days to terminate the fermentation;

[0062] (5) The fermented material was moved to a crusher (model: Y2X280M-4) for crushing, and then moved to a rolling screen (model: JZQ350) with a screen size of 6 mm at the front end and 4 mm at the rear end by a belt conveyor for screening. One part by mass of a localized functional bacterial agent was added to the screened fertilizer, and then preliminarily mixed with a loader, and then transferred to a drum mixer by a belt conveyor (width 60-80 cm) for mixing, thereby obtaining a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0063] The preparation raw material in the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention does not use common straw and livestock and poultry excrement (overcoming the defects that these charcoal raw materials are ubiquitous, high in moisture, low in carbon content, and high in salinity), but adopts chrysanthemum withered, smoke foam, humic acid etc. rich in killing nematodes and antibacterial active ingredients as raw material main ingredients, the prepared bio-organic fertilizer component is stable, the standardization degree is high, there is no bad smell, the problem of carrying poisonous bacteria, and the functional microorganisms such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solution, and disease suppression are also added, and there is water and fertilizer conservation, chelation and complexing microbial metabolites (polymerized glutamic acid and aminobutyric acid metabolites) of trace element functions, after application, konjac diseases can be effectively suppressed, there is superior water and fertilizer conservation performance, fertilizer efficiency is stable and efficient and lasting, and the potential ecological risks of hormones and antibiotics are greatly controlled. The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention has distinct low-salt, nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion, potassium increase characteristics, and can be coordinated and improved in konjac planting, and soil nutrient supply is provided for efficient production of konjac, and strong technical support is provided.

[0064] 4. The preparation method of the new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac, the steps are as follows:

[0065] The new straw bio-organic fertilizer and the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer were mixed in a mass ratio of 11.5:1 to obtain a new straw composite microbial fertilizer specifically for konjac.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The purpose of this example is to determine the nutrient index, heavy metal content, microbial content and high-throughput sequencing index of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer and the new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac prepared in Example 1.

[0068] 1. Nutrient index

[0069] The results of nutrient index determination are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 Nutrient indexes of new straw bio-organic fertilizer and new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac

[0071]

[0072] As can be seen from Table 1, the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer total nutrient content (the sum of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents) prepared by the present invention is 4.40%, significantly lower than commercially available bio-organic fertilizer, belongs to the bio-organic fertilizer of typical low salt content, can reduce the inhibitory effect of salt to functional microorganisms to greatest extent, and fertilizer pH is alkaline reaction simultaneously, is conducive to the improvement and the repair of konjak planting acidified soil; The special composite microorganism total nutrient content of konjak is 7.80%, also belongs to typical low salt content composite microbial fertilizer, can reduce the inhibitory effect of salt to functional microorganisms to greatest extent, simultaneously, fertilizer nutrient is overall the distinct characteristics of controlling nitrogen, promoting phosphorus, increasing potassium, and long-term application sustainable coordinated improvement current crop production generally partial nitrogen fertilizer causes the uncoordinated situation of nutrient supply.

[0073] The nitrogen controlled-release technology used in the preparation of the straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac can enhance the adsorption capacity of the fertilizer on active nitrogen, especially nitrate nitrogen, and effectively inhibit the loss of nitrogen nutrients; the low-proportion chemical fertilizer and the powdery high-phosphorus and high-potassium blending are conducive to the phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the fertilizer being wrapped and activated layer by layer by organic matter containing active biological bacteria, and the application into the soil is conducive to avoiding direct contact between phosphorus and potassium nutrients and clay particles, and can effectively reduce the adsorption and fixation effect of clay colloid on phosphorus and potassium nutrients, which is conducive to the fertilizer functional microorganisms to give full play to the effect of activating phosphorus and potassium, and the use on konjac can promote the absorption of nutrients by crops.

[0074] In addition, the new straw bio-organic fertilizer is compounded with aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid, which have strong water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining, efficiency-promoting and crop growth-stimulating properties, so that the fertilizer efficiency and microbial efficacy of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention and the konjac-specific straw composite microbial fertilizer prepared therefrom can be fully exerted, with distinct "low fertilizer and high efficiency" characteristics, outstanding drug and fertilizer reduction effects, and significant weight-reducing, quality-improving and efficiency-enhancing effects.

[0075] 2. Heavy metal indicators

[0076] The results of heavy metal index determination are shown in Table 2.

[0077] Table 2 Heavy metal indicators of new straw bio-organic fertilizer and new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from Table 2 that the heavy metal content of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer and the new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac prepared by the present invention is much lower than the NYT525-2021 standard and the NYT798-2015 standard. The use of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer and the new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac prepared by the present invention can effectively reduce the environmental risk of heavy metal pollution.

[0080] 3. Microbial Quantity

[0081] The results of microbial count determination are shown in Table 3.

[0082] Table 3 The number of microorganisms in the new straw bio-organic fertilizer and the new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac

[0083]

[0084] As shown in Table 3, the effective live counts of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention reach 100 billion, 1 billion and 100 million levels respectively, far exceeding the standards of biological organic fertilizer-NY884-2012 and compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015. However, due to the inhibitory effect of chemical fertilizers, the bacterial live count of straw composite microbial fertilizer is also reduced to 10 million levels, and the effective live count is lower than the standard of compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015. The preparation of composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention strictly controls the proportion of chemical fertilizer dosage, belongs to typical low-salt composite microbial fertilizer, and its inhibitory effect on microorganisms is significantly reduced, but its effective live count is still lower than the standard of compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015. It can be seen that the inhibition of microorganisms by chemical fertilizers in composite microbial fertilizers is a problem worthy of attention.

[0085] 4. High-throughput sequencing indicators

[0086] The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac prepared by the present invention were sent to Sichuan Panomik Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for high-throughput sequencing to analyze the diversity of bacteria and fungi in the fertilizers. The determination results of the relative abundance of the bacterial genus level of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer are shown in Table 4, and the determination results of the relative abundance of the fungal genus level are shown in Table 5; the determination results of the relative abundance of the bacterial genus level of the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac are shown in Table 6, and the determination results of the relative abundance of the fungal genus level are shown in Table 7.

[0087] Table 4 Determination results of relative abundance of bacteria at genus level in new straw bio-organic fertilizer

[0088] Bacterial genus level Relative abundance (%) Nocardiopsis 0.00029084 Bacillaceae 0.15010725

[0089] Table 5 Determination results of relative abundance of fungi at genus level in new straw bio-organic fertilizer

[0090] Fungal genus level Relative abundance (%) Botryotrichum 0.00025262 Archaeorhizomyces 0.51365286 Thermomyces 0.0005971 Microascus 0.00027558 Aspergillus 0.00040189 Acremonium 0.0000459

[0091] Table 6 Determination results of relative abundance of bacteria genus level in new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac

[0092] Bacterial genus level Relative abundance (%) Nocardiopsis 0.610473583 uncultured 0.000233005 unclassified_Bacillaceae 0.013193919 Planifilum 0.108929924 Pseudogracilibacillus 0.001019398 Corynebacterium 0.037513835 Bacillus 0.030348925 Oceanobacillus 0.005999883 unclassified_Thermoactinomycetaceae 0.034659521 Staphylococcus 0.029300402

[0093] Table 7 Determination results of relative abundance of fungi genus level in the new straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac

[0094] Fungal genus level Relative abundance (%) Aspergillus 0.565677561 Thermomyces 0.029243119 Penicillium 0.110450115 Microascus 0.225069285 _unclassified_Fungi 0.006713494 Stolonocarpus 0.001457378 Yunnania 0.03797544 Trichosporon 0.011073681 Thermoascus 0.001684346 Arachnomycetaceae_gen_Incertae_sedis 0

[0095] As can be seen from Table 4 and Table 5, at the bacterial genus level, the bacterial community of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is mainly based on Nocardiopsis and Bacillaceae; at the fungal genus level, the flora of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is mainly based on Botryotrichum, Archaeorhizomyces, Thermomyces, Microascus, Aspergillus and Acremonium. It can be seen that the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention has the function of expanding beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus, inhibiting harmful fungi of the genus Botryotrichum, stimulating the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Archaeorhizomyces, Thermomyces, Aspergillus and Microascus, although there is also a certain inhibitory effect on the beneficial Acremonium, it generally promotes the reproduction and proliferation of most beneficial bacteria, especially Bacillus with biological control function and the vast majority of beneficial fungi, which is very beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases.

[0096] It can be seen from Tables 6 and 7 that at the bacterial genus level, the bacterial community of the new straw-based composite microbial fertilizer for konjac is mainly dominated by Nocardiopsis, uncultured, unclassified, Bacillaceae, Planifilum, Pseudogracilibacillus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Oceanobacillus, unclassified, Thermoactinomycetaceae, and Staphylococcus; at the fungal genus level, the fungal community of the new straw-based composite microbial fertilizer for konjac is mainly dominated by Aspergillus, Thermomyces, Penicillium, Microascus, _unclassified_Fungi, Stolonocarpus, Yunnania, Trichosporon, Thermoascus, and Arachnomycetaceae_gen_Incertae_sedis. It can be seen that the new straw-based composite microbial fertilizer for konjac does not contain livestock and poultry manure, has the effects of expanding beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus, inhibiting harmful Botrytis cinerea fungi, and stimulating the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Archaea, Thermomyces, Aspergillus, and Microcystis. It generally promotes the reproduction and proliferation of most beneficial bacteria, especially Bacillus with biocontrol functions and most beneficial fungi, and is more beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. This is an important reason why the new straw-based composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention can effectively reduce the severity of soft rot disease in continuous cropping konjac.

[0097] Test Example 1

[0098] The test site is Longhua Street, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, and the konjac planting base of Qujing Kaimei Guan Agricultural Farmers Professional Cooperative. The test variety is flower konjac, second-generation bulbs, 300-500g / piece, commercially available. This test case has 3 parallels, and the planting area is 0.5 mu / test case. The test started on April 10, 2023 and the excavation was completed on October 20, 2023. The test process is as follows:

[0099] (1) Ploughing and ridge forming: The experiment was conducted on April 10, 2023, with deep tillage to a depth of 25 cm. Ridges were formed after drying for one week. The ridge width was 80 cm, the ridge height was 20 cm, and the furrow width was 30 cm.

[0100] (2) Pond digging: dig two rows of ponds on the ridges, with a length of 30 cm, a width of 25 cm, and a depth of 18 cm; the interval between two rows of ponds on the same ridge is 50 cm, and the interval between two adjacent ponds in the same direction as the ridge is 40 cm. 2,400 ponds are dug per mu;

[0101] (3) Pond fertilization: The fertilizer used was Kaimeiguan biological organic fertilizer (commercially available, organic matter (dry substrate) ≥ 40%, total nutrients ≥ 4%, effective viable bacteria count ≥ 20 million CFU / g, prepared by fermentation with humic acid, oil cake, wheat bran, and chrysanthemum cake as the main ingredients), and the amount of fertilizer applied per pond was 400g;

[0102] (4) Planting, covering and tidying the furrows: The second-generation bulbs with no obvious decay, no obvious pests and diseases, no serious mechanical damage and main buds are used as experimental seeds. They are placed directly in the pond with base fertilizer, with the bud mouth tilted outward at about 45°. The spacing between konjac bulbs is 50 cm and the row spacing is 40 cm. After planting, the furrows are tidyed and covered. The covering depth is 15 cm, and the ridge height after furrowing is 40 cm. The pond digging, pond base fertilizer application, planting, covering and tidying of furrows will be completed from April 17 to April 19, 2023;

[0103] (5) Intercropping corn: intercrop one row of corn per ridge, with a spacing of 1 m between corn plants, and complete it within 2 weeks after planting konjac;

[0104] (6) Applying weed sealant and covering with pine needles: The weed sealant and covering with pine needles should be completed within one month after the konjac is planted. The amount of pine needles used is 1 t / mu and the covering thickness is about 5 cm.

[0105] (7) Topdressing: Topdress twice, once during the head replacement period and once during the critical period of underground bulb expansion. Use Autel balanced compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O ratio is 17:17:17) for topdressing. The amount of topdressing each time is 90 kg / mu. When applying, mix 40% (36 kg) Kaimeiguan biological organic fertilizer per mu; place the fertilizer at the base about 8 cm away from the main stem of the konjac, and then take a little soil from the ridge to cover the fertilizer to complete the topdressing operation;

[0106] (8) Spraying: The types, ingredients and usage of pesticides used during spraying are shown in Table 8. The dosage of all pesticides after dilution with water is 90 L / mu. They are sprayed on the leaves once every 7 days for a total of 3 times.

[0107] Table 8 Types, ingredients and usage of pesticides used in spraying

[0108]

[0109] Test Example 2

[0110] The difference between this test example and test example 1 is that the konjac bulbs are specially treated. The steps of the konjac bulb treatment method are as follows:

[0111] (1) Seed selection: Select konjac bulbs that are free of pests and diseases, mechanical damage, strong main buds, shallow bud nests, smooth surfaces, and symmetrical fruit shapes (second-generation seeds, bulbs 300-500 g / piece, average 400 g / piece);

[0112] (2) Sunlight disinfection and dehydration of bulbs: The konjac bulbs were turned over and dried in a rain shelter (plastic shed) for 25 days, and the bulbs were turned over 4 times a day during the drying period;

[0113] (3) Bulb storage: After the bulbs are sterilized by sunlight and the dehydrated bulbs are framed, they should be stored in a cool and dry warehouse. During storage, the warehouse should be kept fully ventilated.

[0114] (4) Pretreatment before sowing: 1L of leuprocel®·fludioxonil (fungicide, forms seed coating; commercially available), 1L of purgediamidazole·high chlorfluocyanate (insecticide for scale insects; commercially available), and 700g of imidacloprid (insecticide for spiny-legged root mites; commercially available) were used for treatment. Treatment method: After leuprocel®·fludioxonil and purgediamidazole·high chlorfluocyanate were diluted 1000 times, imidacloprid was added to prepare a comprehensive seed treatment solution with coating, fungicide and insecticide effects, and then the test seed frame was soaked for 5 minutes, and then the frame was removed from the water and naturally dried for use.

[0115] Test Example 3

[0116] The test site is Longhua Street, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, and the konjac planting base of Qujing Kaimei Guan Agricultural Farmers Professional Cooperative. The test variety is flower konjac, second-generation bulbs, 300-500g / piece, commercially available. This test case has 3 parallels, and the planting area is 10 mu / test case. The test process is as follows:

[0117] (1) Field sun drying and disinfection: In mid-November 2023, the previous crop (corn) was cleaned and the field was deep-turned (25 cm) four times (once in mid-November, once in mid-January, once in mid-March, and once before planting). The field was deep-turned and sun-dried for up to 5 months.

[0118] (2) Ridge formation: The experiment was carried out on April 10, 2023, with the last rotary tillage before planting, to a depth of 25 cm. Ridge formation was carried out after drying for one week. The ridge width was 80 cm, the ridge height was about 20 cm, and the furrow width was 30 cm.

[0119] (3) Spreading biological organic fertilizer: after ridge formation, evenly spread the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention on the ridge (500 kg / mu evenly spread);

[0120] (4) Digging ponds and covering the applied new straw-stalk compound microbial fertilizer: dig double-row ponds on the ridges, with a length of 30 cm, a width of 25 cm, and a depth of 18 cm; the interval between two rows of ponds on the same ridge is 50 cm, and the interval between two adjacent ponds in the same ridge direction is 40 cm. Dig 2,400 ponds per mu; no special operation is required during the pond digging process to cover the applied new straw-stalk compound microbial fertilizer;

[0121] (5) Pond fertilization: The fertilization amount of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention is 400 g / pond;

[0122] (6) Planting, covering and tidying the furrows: The bulb treatment method is the same as that in Experiment 2. The treated bulbs are placed directly on the pond fertilizer, with the bud mouth tilted outward by about 45°. The konjac plant spacing is 50 cm and the row spacing is 40 cm. After planting, the furrows are tidyed and covered. The covering depth is 15 cm, and the ridge height after furrowing is 40 cm. The experiment will complete the pond digging, pond fertilizer application, planting, covering and tidying from April 17 to April 19, 2023;

[0123] (5) Konjac was interplanted with corn, and the herbicide and pine needles were applied as in Experiment 1.

[0124] (6) Topdressing: Topdressing was performed twice, once during the head replacement period and once during the critical period of underground bulb expansion; the straw composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the present invention was used for topdressing, and the amount used each time was 100 kg / mu; when applying, the fertilizer was directly placed at the base position about 8 cm away from the main stem of konjac by manual plant application, and then a small amount of soil was taken from the ridge to cover the fertilizer to complete the topdressing operation;

[0125] (7) Spraying: The types, ingredients and usage of pesticides used in spraying were the same as those in Experiment 1. The dosage of all pesticides after dilution with water was 270 L / mu. When used, foliar spraying and root irrigation were performed (the dosage for foliar spraying was 90 L / mu, and the dosage for root irrigation was 180 L / mu). The pesticides were sprayed once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0126] Test Example 4

[0127] The soft rot incidence, disease index and yield index of the konjac planted in Experimental Examples 1 to 3 were statistically analyzed. The statistical results are shown in Table 9.

[0128] Among them, the soft rot investigation method adopts the field investigation method, which counts the disease severity of the test cases during the entire growth period and makes classifications. Finally, the incidence rate and disease index are counted and data analysis is performed.

[0129] The classification standards for konjac soft rot are as follows: Level 0, the plant is in normal growth condition; Level 1, there are water-soaked spots on one side of the petiole of the plant, and the leaves on the same side are slightly yellow; Level 2, there are water-soaked spots larger than 2 cm on one side of the petiole of the plant, and the leaves on the same side are yellowing; Level 3, there are water-soaked spots surrounding one side of the petiole of the plant, and most of the leaves are yellowing and dying; Level 4: All leaves of the plant are dead, and the seedlings fall over and rot.

[0130] Incidence rate = number of diseased plants / total number of plants surveyed × 100%

[0131] Disease index = [∑(disease level value × number of diseased plants)] / (highest disease level × number of investigated plants) × 100%

[0132] Table 9 Soft rot incidence, disease index and yield index of konjac planted in test examples 1 to 3

[0133]

[0134] As can be seen from Table 5, the soft rot disease incidence and disease index of konjac obtained by the planting method of Test Example 3 are 0.42% and 0.42 respectively, and the average yield is 3463.12kg / mu. Compared with Test Example 1, the planting method of Test Example 3 reduces the soft rot disease incidence and disease index by 99.53% and 99.45% respectively, and the yield ratio is increased by 508.56%. Compared with Test Example 2, the method of Test Example 3 reduces the soft rot disease incidence and disease index of konjac by 99.14% and 98.93% respectively, and the yield is increased by 168.76%. It can be seen that the planting method of Test Example 3 has the effect of greatly reducing the soft rot disease incidence and disease index of konjac, and doubles the yield of flower konjac.

[0135] Tracing the cause, first based on high throughput analysis, the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention does not contain livestock and poultry excrement, has the bacterium such as expanding beneficial bacillus, suppressing harmful hairy Botrytis fungi, stimulating beneficial Archaeorrhiza, Thermomyces, Aspergillus, Microcystis to expand and multiply, overall promotes the multiplication and proliferation of most beneficial bacteria, particularly the bacillus of tool biocontrol function and the vast majority of beneficial fungi, is more favorable to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, this is the important reason that novel straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention can effectively alleviate the severity of the continuous cropping konjak soft rot. Secondly, the test shows that the konjak incidence rate without special bulb processing cannot be controlled, and konjak of the present invention is processed through long-term sun-drying dehydration disinfection (25 days), and combined with the comprehensive bulb treatment liquid technology of coating, sterilization, insecticidal efficacy before planting, preferably alleviate the problem of bulb-carrying bacteria, for controlling large-scale, large-area konjak soft rot outbreaks have laid a bulb technology foundation. In addition, the present invention creatively proposes the technology of using new straw bio-organic fertilizer as pond fertilization base fertilizer and new straw composite microbial fertilizer for broadcasting before pond digging, which can effectively solve the problem of insufficient fertilizer supply in the middle and late stages of traditional konjac planting, leading to premature aging of konjac, reduced resistance to pathogens and causing soft rot of konjac in large areas. At the same time, the present invention solves the problem of natural disinfection of soil pathogens and microecological improvement before planting konjac by long-term sun-drying disinfection technology (turning and drying 4 times before planting in the test field); adopts systematic konjac pesticide root-leaf interface preventive measures to systematically prevent the outbreak of konjac soft rot.

[0136] On the contrary, in Test Example 2, the seeds were only turned over and dried once (one week) before planting, the natural disinfection of soil pathogens and the improvement of microecology were not thorough, the pesticide control of konjac only focused on spraying the leaves, and the soil-borne diseases could not be effectively controlled. In addition, the problem of insufficient fertilizer supply in the middle and late stages of traditional konjac planting leading to premature aging of konjac and reduced resistance to pathogens, which caused large-scale konjac soft rot, could not be solved. Therefore, in general, the konjac bulbs were specially treated, but turning over and drying once before planting in the test field had limited effect on the prevention and control of konjac soft rot, and the yield was also greatly reduced compared with the method of the present invention.

[0137] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and a novel straw composite microbial fertilizer prepared therefrom, as well as a method for preventing and controlling the soft rot of konjac and improving the yield of konjac using these two fertilizers. The present invention is carried out sunlight disinfection and dehydration to the bulbs, and explicitly requires to be placed in a cool and dry warehouse for storage, and the warehouse is kept fully ventilated and breathable during storage. This technical requirement not only makes the bulb sunlight disinfection thorough, but also the bulb dehydration limits the moisture of the pathogenic microorganisms hiding inside the bulbs, and then combines the comprehensive bulb treatment liquid technology of coating, sterilization and insecticide efficacy before planting, which can effectively control the spillover effect of the bulb pathogen, and also suppress the infection of the bulb by exogenous pathogens. The ecological adaptability of the pathogen in the konjac bulb is limited and changed to the greatest extent, and the infection of the bulb by the soil pathogen is also well resisted, and the problem of the big problem of the bulb carrying poison and bacteria can be well alleviated, and the bulb technology foundation is laid for controlling the outbreak of large-scale and large-area konjac soft rot.

[0138] The present invention creatively proposes the technology of using novel straw biofertilizer as pond fertilization base fertilizer and novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for broadcasting before pond digging, which can fully ensure the nutrient demand of konjak in the early stage, cater to the main lateral growth characteristics of konjak root system, make the konjak root system just distributed in the composite microbial fertilizer broadcasting area in the middle and late stages, and be conducive to the supply of nutrients in the middle and late stages of konjak. In addition, the composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention uses the controlled release technology of nitrogen, and the fertilizer design of nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion and potassium increase, and the strategy of compound microbial fertilizer supply in the critical period, so that the konjak middle and late stages have sufficient nutrients for konjak to absorb, can effectively solve the problem of premature aging caused by insufficient fertilizer supply in the middle and late stages of traditional planting of konjak, and effectively solve the problem of soft rot caused by the reduced resistance of konjak to pathogens and large-scale planting.

[0139] In addition, the embodiment of the present invention provides a long-term sun-drying disinfection technology for the planting site of flower konjac, which preferably solves the natural disinfection of soil pathogens and microecological improvement problems before the planting of flower konjac. The effective live bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer used by the present invention reach hundreds of billions, billions, and hundreds of millions of levels respectively, and the high-density beneficial bacterial community measures, the method of accurate fertilizer supply in the root zone of the bulb, and the method of planting beneficial microorganisms, build a more rigorous biological control circle in the root zone of the bulb, which is conducive to controlling the soil-borne diseases of konjac bulbs. At the same time, the continuous accurate fertilizer supply and the measures of maintaining the strict rhizosphere biological control circle of the konjac mid- and late-stage composite microbial fertilizer of konjac can also continuously release the biological control function of biofertilizer to pathogens and meet the diversified nutrient requirements of konjac, which is also very beneficial for controlling konjac diseases. On this basis, the present invention also adopts a systematic preventive measure to the root and leaf interface of konjac pesticides to prevent the outbreak of konjac soft rot. It can be seen that the present invention effectively solves the problem that konjac soft rot is very easy to breed and spread in large-scale planting of konjac, and provides a technical basis for fundamentally solving the key problem that konjac soft rot is frequently occurred in large-scale planting of flower konjac.

[0140] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel straw bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 25-35 parts of smoke foam, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 3-7 parts of organic material decomposition agent, 0.8-1.2 parts of localized functional bacterial agent and 8-12 parts of auxiliary materials; The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3.8 to 4.2 parts of base No. 1 microbial agent, 0.9 to 1.1 parts of aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and 4.8 to 5.2 parts of polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent.

2. The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of pure humic acid in the humic acid is greater than or equal to 40%.

3. The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The base No. 1 microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus Velez YWF-17-0003, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 and Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 according to a mass ratio of 1.8-2.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus Velezii YWF-17-0003 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 is 250-350 billion CFU / mL; the concentration of the Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 is 75-85 billion CFU / mL; The aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 and Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 1.8 to 2.2 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44 is 1.8 to 2.2 billion CFU / g; the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent is 0.1 to 1.0%, and the content of glutathione is 0.05 to 0.2%; The polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 and Bacillus WSWFJ41 according to a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:1.8-2.2:0.8-1.2; The concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; the concentration of the Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g; and the concentration of the Bacillus WSWFJ41 is 95 to 105 billion CFU / g.

4. The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of distiller's grains, 2-4 parts of fish protein, 5-7 parts of rapeseed oil cake, 3-5 parts of potassium humate, and 3-5 parts of potassium nicotinate.

5. A method for preparing the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The chrysanthemum wither, smoke foam, humic acid, organic material composting agent and auxiliary materials are mixed in a formulated amount and piled for fermentation. The pile is turned regularly and, after aging, mixed with localized functional bacteria agent to obtain a new type of straw biofertilizer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The time interval between each compost turning is 3 to 7 days, the first compost turning is on the 3rd to 5th day of compost fermentation, and the compost is turned 4 to 6 times in total; the aging time is 20 to 30 days.

7. A novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac, characterized in that: It is composed of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; The konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer and a high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer; The high nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer is prepared from the following components by weight: 600-700 parts of urea, 280-320 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 48-52 parts of tung oil rosin coating material; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 75-85 parts of superphosphate, 550-650 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-350 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

8. the special novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjak as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer to the konjac controlled-release formula fertilizer is 11-12:0.9-1.1; The mass ratio of the high-nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer to the high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2; The N content in the urea is 40-50%; The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains 12-16% K2O, 10-15% MgO, 25-30% CaO, 15-18% Fe2O3 and 25-40% SiO2. The tung oil rosin coating material has an N content of 10-12% and a P2O5 content of 45-61%; The P2O5 content in the superphosphate is 12-16%; The K2O content in the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; The N content of the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the P2O5 content is 45-61%.

9. Use of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared according to the method according to claim 5 or 6, or the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac according to claim 7 or 8 in preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and / or increasing konjac yield.

10. A method for preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and / or increasing konjac yield by using the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared according to the method of claim 5 or 6, or the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer for konjac according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) After the planting land is turned over, dried and disinfected, ridges are formed, and a new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer specially used for konjac is spread at an application rate of 450-550 kg / mu; (2) After the pond is dug on the ridge, a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the pond at an application rate of 900-1100 kg / mu; (3) sowing konjac bulbs at the bottom of a pond, wherein the konjac bulbs are turned over and dried in sunlight for 20 to 30 days before sowing; (4) After sowing konjac, corn is interplanted in the furrows, and after planting konjac, weed sealant and pine needles are applied; (5) Apply a new type of straw-based compound microbial fertilizer specifically for konjac once during the konjac head replacement period and the key period for underground bulb enlargement, with an application rate of 90-110 kg / mu.

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