Water and sand discharging device and moving bed scouring experiment system
By designing a water pipe, water outlet mechanism, sand pipe, sand outlet mechanism, and mixed platform out of water, sand and sand, solving the problem of uneven sand from the sand in the movement of the movement of the movement, realizing the stability and stability of the water and sand cycle Uniformity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411677848.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing moving bed erosion test methods lead to uneven sand output, which cannot ensure the uniformity of sand output during the water-sand circulation.
Design a water and sand discharge device, including a water supply pipe, a water discharge mechanism, a sand supply pipe, a sand discharge mechanism and a mixing platform. The sand discharge mechanism is evenly divided through multiple partitions to ensure that the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is greater than that of the first sand-containing water body, and is redistributed on the mixing platform to ensure the uniformity of the water-sand mixture.
The uniformity of sand is implemented to ensure that the stability and uniformity of the water and sand cycle in the water and sand circulation in the movement of the movement of the movement of the movement of the movement provides a uniform water and sand mixture for the use of the labage scouring experiment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119334810A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic experiments, and in particular to a water and sand discharge device and a moving bed scouring experiment system. Background Art
[0002] Flume physical model tests play an important role in port, coastal and offshore engineering research. In the simulation study of engineering structure foundation scour, in order to reproduce the extreme working conditions under natural conditions, the water movement speed in the flume must be significantly higher than the starting flow rate of sediment. Under such conditions, a large amount of sediment will start to move during the test phase, and this type of moving bed scour test is essential.
[0003] At present, there are two methods for conducting moving bed scour tests: using a test flume with a single pump at the tail end to help water circulation for simulation tests, in which high-sand-content water enters and exits from the same circulation channel; using a test flume with a sedimentation tank at the tail end, where high-sand-content water and low-sand-content water are circulated through a sand pump and a water pump respectively. Under extreme conditions where a large amount of sediment is started, the above flumes often have uneven distribution of sediment sections and fluctuating amounts of sediment, so uniform sand discharge cannot be guaranteed during the water-sand circulation process. Summary of the invention
[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a water and sand discharge device and a moving bed scouring test system, which are used to solve the problem of uneven sand discharge caused by the existing moving bed scouring test method.
[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand discharge device, comprising:
[0006] A water outlet device including a water supply pipe and a water outlet mechanism, a sand outlet device including a sand supply pipe, a sand outlet mechanism and a cover plate, and a mixing platform;
[0007] The cover plate is arranged horizontally, and the cover plate is flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism;
[0008] The mixing platform is arranged obliquely, the first end of the mixing platform is lower than the second end of the mixing platform, and the second end of the mixing platform is flush with the cover plate;
[0009] The input end of the water outlet mechanism is connected to the output end of the water supply pipe; the water outlet mechanism is used to transfer the first sand-containing water body output by the water supply pipe through the cover plate to the mixing platform;
[0010] The input end of the sand discharge mechanism is connected to the output end of the sand supply pipe; in the direction of gravity, the lower surface of the output end of the sand discharge mechanism is stably connected to the first end of the mixing platform; the sand discharge mechanism is used to uniformly transfer the second sand-containing water body output by the sand supply pipe to the mixing platform; the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body;
[0011] The sand discharge mechanism includes a plurality of partitions; the plurality of partitions evenly divide the sand discharge mechanism along the flow direction of the second sand-containing water body; the second end of the mixing platform is smoothly connected to the water tank of the moving bed scouring experiment system, and the first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body are redistributed at the mixing platform and flow into the water tank.
[0012] In a possible design, the cross-sectional shape of the sand discharging mechanism in the gravity direction is a rectangle, the cross-sectional shape of the sand discharging mechanism in the horizontal direction is an isosceles trapezoid, and the cover plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the sand discharging mechanism;
[0013] In the vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of the sand discharge mechanism on the side close to the sand supply pipe is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the sand discharge mechanism on the side away from the sand supply pipe;
[0014] The plurality of partitions are rectangular partitions with uniform thickness.
[0015] In a possible design, in the length direction of the water tank, the end of the cover plate away from the water outlet mechanism is located between the first end of the mixing platform and the second end of the mixing platform; the length direction refers to the direction from the upstream end of the water tank to the downstream end of the water tank.
[0016] In a possible design, the sand supply pipe includes: a sand transport pipe and a sand replenishment pipe;
[0017] The input end of the sand transport pipe is connected to the sand outlet pipe of the circulating water pump of the moving bed scouring experimental system;
[0018] The input end of the sand replenishing pipe is connected to a stirring device, and the stirring device stores supersaturated slurry;
[0019] The output end of the sand transport pipe and the output end of the sand replenishment pipe are connected to the input end of the sand discharge mechanism.
[0020] In one possible design, the sand discharge device further includes: at least one turbidity meter;
[0021] The at least one turbidity meter is arranged at one end of the cover plate away from the water outlet mechanism, and the at least one turbidity meter is used to detect the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body so as to adjust the pumping amount of the supersaturated slurry according to the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body.
[0022] In a possible design, the slope of the mixing platform is smaller than a preset underwater correction angle for sediment.
[0023] In a possible design, the water outlet mechanism includes: a first chamber, a first guide fence, a second chamber, and a second guide fence;
[0024] The input end of the water supply pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe of the circulating water pump of the moving bed scouring experimental system, and the output end of the water supply pipe is located in the first chamber; the first chamber is used for turbulent energy dissipation of the first sand-containing water body;
[0025] The upper surface of the first chamber is in contact with the lower surface of the second chamber, and the first chamber is connected with the second chamber through the first guide grid; in the horizontal direction, the cross-sectional area of the first chamber is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber;
[0026] The second guide grid is opened on the upper surface of the second chamber, and the second guide grid is flush with the cover plate.
[0027] In a possible design, the first guide grid includes a guide grid with an opening direction vertically upward, and the second guide grid includes a guide grid with an opening direction obliquely upward;
[0028] The water outlet mechanism further comprises: a third guide grid;
[0029] The third guide grid is fixedly connected to the cover plate, and the third guide grid includes a plurality of guide plates arranged along the flow direction of the first sand-laden water body.
[0030] In a possible design, it further includes: a third chamber;
[0031] The lower surface of the third chamber is in contact with the upper surface of the first chamber, and the side surface of the third chamber is in contact with the side surface of the second chamber;
[0032] The sand supply pipe and the sand outlet mechanism are both located in the third chamber; the cover plate and the second end of the mixing platform are both supported and mounted on the upper surface of the third chamber.
[0033] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a moving bed scouring experiment system, comprising:
[0034] A water trough, and a water and sand outlet device provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application and buried under the water trough.
[0035] The embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand discharge device and a moving bed scouring experimental system, comprising: a water discharge device including a water supply pipe and a water discharge mechanism, a sand discharge device including a sand supply pipe, a sand discharge mechanism and a cover plate, and a mixing platform; the cover plate is arranged horizontally, and the cover plate is flush with the output end of the water discharge mechanism; the mixing platform is arranged obliquely, and the first end of the mixing platform is lower than the second end of the mixing platform, and the second end of the mixing platform is flush with the cover plate; the input end of the water discharge mechanism is connected to the output end of the water supply pipe; the water discharge mechanism is used to transmit the first sand-containing water body output by the water supply pipe through the cover plate to the mixing platform; the sand discharge mechanism The input end of the sand discharge mechanism is connected with the output end of the sand feeding pipe. In the gravity direction, the lower surface of the output end of the sand discharge mechanism is smoothly connected with the first end of the mixing platform. The sand discharge mechanism is used to uniformly transmit the second sand-containing water body output by the sand feeding pipe to the mixing platform. The turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body. The sand discharge mechanism includes a plurality of baffles, and the plurality of baffles evenly divide the sand discharge mechanism along the flow direction of the second sand-containing water body. The second end of the mixing platform is smoothly connected with the water tank of the moving bed scouring experiment system. The first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body are redistributed at the mixing platform and flow into the water tank. Through the above structural design, the following technical effects are achieved: the cover plate is arranged horizontally and flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism, so that the output of the water outlet mechanism can reach the mixing platform through the cover plate, so as to be further distributed with the second sand-containing water body reaching the mixing platform; the sand outlet mechanism initially outputs a uniform second sand-containing water body, and can further realize redistribution on the mixing platform through sediment displacement and water body movement. Such a design can ensure that the upstream water flow is stable and not excessively affected, and can also fully carry the suspended sand discharged from the mixing platform, and discharge it evenly and stably downstream; the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is ensured to be greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body, so as to provide a uniform water-sand mixture for the water tank for the moving bed scouring experiment, rather than clear water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sand discharge device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the water and sand discharge device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a moving bed scouring experiment system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
[0040] Description of reference numerals:
[0041] 110-water supply pipe; 111-water outlet mechanism; 112-water outlet device; 113-sand supply pipe; 114-sand outlet mechanism; 115-cover plate; 116-sand outlet device; 117-mixing platform; 118-water tank; 119-partition plate; 120-turbidimeter; 121-first chamber; 122-first guide grid; 123-second chamber; 124-second guide grid; 125-third guide grid; 126-third chamber; 1130-sand transport pipe; 1131-sand replenishment pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Here, exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementation methods described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementation methods consistent with the embodiments of the present application. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of the present application as detailed in the attached claims, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0043] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art will understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit the difference. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way. In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more" refers to two or more.
[0044] It should be noted that the "at..." in the embodiment of the present application can be the instant when a certain situation occurs, or can be a period of time after a certain situation occurs, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this. In addition, the water and sand discharge device provided in the embodiment of the present application is only used as an example, and the water and sand discharge device package can also include more or less content.
[0045] First, the nouns involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained accordingly:
[0046] Dynamic bed scour experiment: It is an experiment used to study the physical characteristics and behavior of sediments in the process of underwater scour under the action of hydrodynamics. This experiment is often used in the fields of water conservancy engineering, river dynamics, port channels and coastal engineering to analyze the impact of hydrodynamics on structures such as riverbeds, dam foundations, bridge pier foundations and pile foundations. Its basic principle is to study the movement characteristics, scour depth and topographic evolution of silt and fine sand sediments under the action of hydrodynamics by changing the water depth and water flow velocity in the water tank. Scour will reduce the height of the riverbed and the depth of the foundation, thereby affecting the stability of the riverbed as a whole and the foundation of the structure.
[0047] In order to clearly understand the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the solution of the prior art is first introduced in detail.
[0048] There are two types of water flumes for moving bed scouring experiments in the prior art. One type is an experimental water flume that uses a single pump at the tail of the water flume to help water circulation for simulation experiments. When using this water flume, the water-sand mixture at this time enters and exits from the same channel, which easily leads to uneven sand discharge. The other type is an experimental water flume with a sedimentation tank at the tail. When using this water flume, the high-sand content water and low-sand content water obtained from the sedimentation tank are circulated by a sand pump and a water pump respectively. Under extreme conditions when a large amount of sediment is started, uniform sand discharge cannot be guaranteed.
[0049] Designing a new experimental water tank that can produce sand evenly requires a lot of money and time to renovate or build, which is obviously not economical under conditions with fewer simulation test groups.
[0050] The moving bed scour test takes a long time, and it usually takes more than 24 hours to reach the final equilibrium state. During the long moving bed scour test, it is necessary to ensure that the sediment circulation is stable, the incoming flow carries sediment evenly, and the scour area can receive stable sediment replenishment, so as to ensure the accuracy of the final test terrain of the moving bed scour test.
[0051] In summary, how to design a device that can be directly applied to existing water tanks and can produce sand evenly is a problem that needs to be urgently solved in the embodiments of the present application.
[0052] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a water and sand discharge device and a moving bed scouring test system, which can be used in the technical field of hydraulic experiments, aiming to ensure uniform sand discharge to meet the requirements of moving bed scouring experiments.
[0053] The following is an introduction to the application scenarios of a water and sand discharge device and a moving bed scouring test system provided by the embodiment of the present application. The following application scenarios are only examples, and the purpose is to help those skilled in the art understand the technical content of the embodiment of the present application, but it does not mean that the embodiment of the present application cannot be used in other devices, systems, environments or scenarios.
[0054] 1) Channel scouring and sedimentation simulation: Study the effects of different incoming flow velocities and hydraulic structure layouts on channel scouring and sedimentation, and then optimize the channel design.
[0055] 2) Scour analysis of hydraulic structures: Study the scour characteristics and structural stability of hydraulic structures such as bridges and dams after being subjected to hydrodynamic forces of different intensities.
[0056] 3) Scour analysis of offshore structures: Study the temporal evolution, final equilibrium depth and scour pit range of local scour around the foundations of breakwaters, offshore wind turbines and offshore booster stations under the action of tidal currents, to provide a basis for structural stability design and scour protection.
[0057] The embodiments of the present application are introduced below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification.
[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand discharge device provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand discharge device, comprising:
[0059] A water outlet device 112 includes a water supply pipe 110 and a water outlet mechanism 111 , a sand outlet device 116 includes a sand supply pipe 113 , a sand outlet mechanism 114 and a cover plate 115 , and a mixing platform 117 .
[0060] Specifically, the water supply pipe 110 in this embodiment refers to a water delivery pipe, that is, a pipe that provides input for the water outlet mechanism 111; the mixing platform 117 refers to a sand outlet ramp, that is, a structure that can play a role in redistributing the first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body; the water outlet mechanism 111 refers to a device that outputs clean water or low-sand water body, and there is no restriction on the specific shape and structure of the water outlet mechanism 111.
[0061] When using an experimental water tank with a sedimentation tank at the tail, the water supply pipe 110 is connected to the flow pump of the water tank. In the early stage of the experiment, clean water is provided to the water outlet mechanism 111; in the later stage of the experiment, low-sand water is provided to the water outlet mechanism 111.
[0062] When conducting a moving bed scouring experiment, it is necessary to ensure that the upstream flow and sand carrying are stable and uniform. The function of the sand discharge device 116 is to provide a stable and uniform amount of sand, especially to improve the stability of the large-scale sediment circulation process under the moving bed working condition. The sand supply pipe 113 is used to provide a sand source for the sand discharge device 116. Here, the sand source can be obtained from a variety of ways according to the experience of the experimenter. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific sand source acquisition method.
[0063] The cover plate 115 is arranged horizontally, and is flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism 111 .
[0064] Specifically, the cover plate 115 is arranged horizontally and flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism 111. The function of the first sand-containing water body output by the water outlet mechanism 111 can reach the mixing platform 117 through the cover plate 115, and further distribute with the second sand-containing water body reaching the mixing platform 117, thereby forming a stable water-sand mixture.
[0065] The mixing platform 117 is arranged tilted, a first end of the mixing platform 117 is lower than a second end of the mixing platform 117 , and the second end of the mixing platform 117 is flush with the cover plate 115 .
[0066] Specifically, the mixing platform 117 includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end refers to a lower end of the sand discharge ramp, and the second end refers to a higher end of the sand discharge ramp. Through the mixing platform 117, the output of the sand discharge mechanism 114 and the output of the water discharge mechanism 111 are redistributed, and the formed uniform water-sand mixture is smoothly transported to the inside of the water tank 118, so as to smoothly perform the moving bed scouring experiment.
[0067] When using an experimental water tank with a sedimentation tank at the tail, in the early stage of the experiment, the output of the sand discharge device 116 is clean water; in the later stage of the experiment, the output of the sand discharge device 116 is a uniform high-sand water body; when using an experimental water tank with a single pump at the tail, the output of the sand discharge device 116 is a uniform water-sand mixture.
[0068] The input end of the water outlet mechanism 111 is connected to the output end of the water supply pipe 110 ; the water outlet mechanism 111 is used to transmit the first sand-containing water body output by the water supply pipe 110 to the mixing platform 117 through the cover plate 115 .
[0069] Specifically, when using an experimental water tank with a sedimentation tank at the tail, in the early stage of the experiment, the first sand-containing water body refers to the clean water transported by the flow-making water pump; in the later stage of the experiment, the first sand-containing water body refers to the low-sand-containing water body transported by the flow-making water pump.
[0070] The water supply pipe 110 is connected to the water outlet mechanism 111 , and the purpose is to provide clean water or low-sand water to the water outlet mechanism 111 .
[0071] The input end of the sand discharge mechanism 114 is connected to the output end of the sand supply pipe 113; in the direction of gravity, the lower surface of the output end of the sand discharge mechanism 114 is stably connected to the first end of the mixing platform 117; the sand discharge mechanism 114 is used to uniformly transfer the second sand-containing water body output by the sand supply pipe 113 to the mixing platform 117; the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body.
[0072] Specifically, when using an experimental water flume with a sedimentation tank at the tail, in the early stage of the experiment, the second sand-containing water body refers to the clean water transported by the sand pump; in the later stage of the experiment, the second sand-containing water body refers to the high-sand water body transported by the sand pump; when using an experimental water flume with a single pump at the tail, the second sand-containing water body refers to the water-sand mixture transported by the single pump.
[0073] The sand supply pipe 113 is connected to the sand discharge mechanism 114, with the purpose of providing input to the sand discharge mechanism 114 so that the sand discharge mechanism 114 can perform uniform treatment. The lower surface of the output end of the sand discharge mechanism 114 is stably connected to the first end of the mixing platform 117, with the purpose of transporting the second sand-containing water body uniformly treated by the sand discharge mechanism 114 to the mixing platform 117. When the sand discharge mechanism 114 initially outputs a uniform high-sand-content water body, it can be further redistributed on the mixing platform 117 through sediment movement and water movement. Such a design can ensure that the upstream water flow is stable and not overly affected, and can also fully carry the suspended sand discharged from the mixing platform 117, and discharge it evenly and stably downstream.
[0074] The turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is ensured to be greater than that of the first sand-containing water body in order to provide a uniform water-sand mixture, rather than clear water, for the water tank for the moving bed scour experiment.
[0075] The sand discharging mechanism 114 includes a plurality of partitions 119 ; the plurality of partitions 119 evenly divide the sand discharging mechanism 114 along the flow direction of the second sand-containing water body.
[0076] Specifically, the sand discharge mechanism 114 contains a plurality of partitions of uniform thickness, which evenly divide the area of the water body with high sand content or the water-sand mixture so as to be evenly processed by the sand discharge mechanism 114, thereby ensuring uniform sand discharge.
[0077] The second end of the mixing platform 117 is smoothly connected to the water tank 118 of the moving bed scouring experiment system. The first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body are redistributed at the mixing platform 117 and flow into the water tank 118 .
[0078] Specifically, the second end of the mixing platform 117 is flush with the cover plate 115, and the cover plate 115 is in contact with the bottom surface of the water tank 118. The first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body are washed and entrained by the first sand-containing water body at the mixing platform 117 to form a uniform water-sand mixture, thereby providing a stable and uniform amount of sand for the moving bed scouring experiment.
[0079] The embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand outlet device, comprising: a water outlet device including a water supply pipe and a water outlet mechanism, a sand outlet device including a sand supply pipe, a sand outlet mechanism and a cover plate, and a mixing platform; the cover plate is arranged horizontally, and the cover plate is flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism; the mixing platform is arranged obliquely, and the first end of the mixing platform is lower than the second end of the mixing platform, and the second end of the mixing platform is flush with the cover plate; the input end of the water outlet mechanism is connected to the output end of the water supply pipe; the water outlet mechanism is used to transmit the first sand-containing water body output by the water supply pipe to the mixing platform through the cover plate; the input end of the sand outlet mechanism It is connected to the output end of the sand feeding pipe. In the gravity direction, the lower surface of the output end of the sand discharging mechanism is smoothly connected to the first end of the mixing platform. The sand discharging mechanism is used to evenly transmit the second sand-containing water body output by the sand feeding pipe to the mixing platform. The turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body. The sand discharging mechanism includes multiple partitions, and the multiple partitions evenly divide the sand discharging mechanism along the flow direction of the second sand-containing water body. The second end of the mixing platform is smoothly connected to the water tank of the moving bed scouring experiment system. The first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body are redistributed at the mixing platform and flow into the water tank. Through the above structural design, the following technical effects are achieved: the cover plate is arranged horizontally and flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism, so that the output of the water outlet mechanism can reach the mixing platform through the cover plate, so as to be further distributed with the second sand-containing water body reaching the mixing platform; the sand outlet mechanism initially outputs a uniform second sand-containing water body, and can further realize redistribution on the mixing platform through sediment displacement and water body movement. Such a design can ensure that the upstream water flow is stable and not excessively affected, and can also fully carry the suspended sand discharged from the mixing platform, and discharge it evenly and stably downstream; the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is ensured to be greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body, so as to provide a uniform water-sand mixture for the water tank for the moving bed scouring experiment, rather than clear water.
[0080] In a possible design, the slope of the mixing platform 117 is smaller than a preset sediment underwater correction angle.
[0081] Specifically, the underwater sediment correction angle refers to the stable angle formed by sediment deposition in the water body, which is usually the maximum slope that can be formed when sediment particles settle in the water. If the slope of the ramp is less than this correction angle, it means that the ramp will not slide or collapse due to sediment deposition, which helps to ensure the stability of the ramp and reduce the impact of sediment fall on the ramp, thereby maintaining its good use condition. Limiting the slope of the mixing platform 117 to be less than the preset sediment underwater correction angle can ensure the effectiveness of the mixing platform 117 during use, and can also ensure that after the experiment is completed, the static water drainage process will not cause the sediment to collapse and block the sand discharge device.
[0082] On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand discharge device, in which the cross-sectional shape of the sand discharge mechanism 114 in the gravity direction is a rectangle, the cross-sectional shape of the sand discharge mechanism 114 in the horizontal direction is an isosceles trapezoid, and the cover plate 115 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the sand discharge mechanism 114;
[0083] In the vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of the sand discharge mechanism 114 close to the sand supply pipe 113 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the sand discharge mechanism 114 away from the sand supply pipe 113;
[0084] The plurality of partitions 119 are rectangular partitions with uniform thickness.
[0085] Specifically, the sand outlet mechanism 114 refers to a sand outlet, the side close to the sand supply pipe 113 is a narrower side, and the side away from the sand supply pipe 113 is a wider side. In the process from narrow to wide, the cross-sectional areas are always kept relative, which can ensure that the flow of sediment in the sand outlet mechanism 114 is more uniform and avoid local flow speed being too fast or too slow.
[0086] Here, multiple partitions 119 are set as rectangular partitions with uniform thickness, so that when the cross-sectional shape of the sand outlet mechanism 114 in the vertical direction is a rectangle and the cross-sectional shape in the horizontal direction is an isosceles trapezoid, the multiple rectangular partitions can tightly connect the upper and lower surfaces of the sand outlet mechanism 114, thereby improving the sealing performance of the sand outlet mechanism 114. There is no restriction on the specific connection method here.
[0087] The specific number of the rectangular partitions of uniform thickness is not limited here. In this embodiment, five rectangular partitions of uniform thickness are taken as an example, and the input area of the sand discharge mechanism 114 can be divided into six equal parts.
[0088] In one possible design, an embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand outlet device, in which, in the length direction of the water tank 118, the end of the cover plate 115 away from the water outlet mechanism 111 is located between the first end of the mixing platform 117 and the second end of the mixing platform 117; the length direction refers to the direction from the upstream end of the water tank 118 to the downstream end of the water tank 118.
[0089] In this embodiment, the end of the cover plate 115 away from the water outlet mechanism 111 is arranged between the first end and the second end of the mixing platform 117, thus forming the first area and the second area of the mixing platform 117, wherein the first area refers to the area of the mixing platform 117 shielded by the cover plate 115, and the second area refers to the area of the mixing platform 117 not shielded by the cover plate 115. When the second sand-containing water body just leaves the sand outlet mechanism 114, i.e., the first end of the mixing platform 117, it is in the first area of the mixing platform 117, at which time the redistribution of the first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body is less; when the second sand-containing water reaches the second area of the mixing platform 117 after displacement, i.e., reaches the area not shielded by the cover plate 115, at which time the redistribution of the first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body is gradually sufficient.
[0090] The purpose of such arrangement is to allow the water-sand mixture entering the mixing platform 117 from the sand outlet mechanism 114 to initially develop for a distance, while also preventing sudden and significant changes in water depth, and preventing adverse flow states such as vortices from occurring at the outlet that affect the sand carrying effect.
[0091] In a possible design, an embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand outlet device, in which a sand supply pipe 113 in the sand outlet device includes: a sand transport pipe 1130 and a sand replenishment pipe 1131 .
[0092] Specifically, when using an experimental flume with a sedimentation tank at the tail, generally in the early stage of the dynamic bed scouring experiment, the sediment in the experimental section has not yet reached the sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation tank cannot help the sediment to circulate completely, and the sand supply pipe 113 is supplemented with clean water. In order to ensure that the test section obtains sediment supply, it is necessary to ensure that the sand blown out by water is initially a uniform water-sand mixture. At this time, supersaturated slurry needs to be introduced from the outside through the sand supply pipe 1131, and the slurry is completely introduced from the outside; after the hydrodynamic action of the dynamic bed scouring experiment is sufficient for a long time, the sediment in the experimental section begins to circulate, and the sedimentation tank plays the role of sand falling and circulation. What reaches the sand supply pipe 113 is a high-sand-content water body. By continuously monitoring the turbidity of the high-sand-content water body, if the turbidity is too low, supersaturated slurry is introduced from the outside through the sand supply pipe 1131 to ensure the sand content. At this time, the source of sediment is preferentially the slurry introduced into the circulation from the sedimentation tank, and when the turbidity is monitored to be too low, it is introduced from the outside for supplementation.
[0093] The input end of the sand transport pipe 1130 is connected to the sand outlet pipe of the circulating water pump of the moving bed scouring experimental system.
[0094] Specifically, in the case of using an experimental water tank with a sedimentation tank at the tail, the circulating water pump refers to a sand pump and a flow pump; in the case of using an experimental water tank with a single pump at the tail, the circulating water pump refers to a single pump, and no specific restrictions are made on the circulating water pump. The sand delivery pipe 1130 is connected to the circulating water pump through a sand outlet pipe to facilitate the delivery of the second sand-containing water body.
[0095] The input end of the sand replenishing pipe 1131 is connected to a stirring device, in which supersaturated slurry is stored.
[0096] Specifically, in the early stage of the dynamic bed scouring experiment, supersaturated mortar is introduced from the stirring device through the sand supply pipe 1131; after the dynamic bed scouring experiment, if the turbidity of the water-sand mixture in the sand supply pipe 113 is too low, supersaturated mortar is also introduced from the stirring device through the sand supply pipe 1131. It is ensured that the entire device has mortar that meets the experimental requirements, so that a uniform water-sand mixture can be obtained through the mixing platform 117, thereby ensuring the smooth execution of the dynamic bed scouring experiment.
[0097] The output end of the sand transport pipe 1130 and the output end of the sand replenishment pipe 1131 are connected to the input end of the sand discharge mechanism 114 .
[0098] The sand transport pipe 1130 is connected to the sand replenishment pipe 1131 to ensure that the second sand-containing water body transported from the sedimentation tank and the supersaturated slurry introduced from the stirring device can enter the sand discharge mechanism 114 and be processed by the sand discharge mechanism 114 to obtain a uniform water-sand mixture at the mixing platform 117.
[0099] In a possible design, the sand discharge device 116 further includes: at least one turbidity meter 120;
[0100] At least one turbidity meter 120 is arranged at one end of the cover plate 115 away from the water outlet mechanism 111, and at least one turbidity meter 120 is used to detect the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body, so as to adjust the pumping amount of the supersaturated slurry according to the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body.
[0101] The end of the cover plate 115 away from the water outlet mechanism 111 is arranged between the first end and the second end of the mixing platform 117 , which can also facilitate the installation of the turbidity meter 120 .
[0102] Specifically, the turbidity meter 120 detects whether the sediment content of the second sand-containing water body discharged from the sand discharge mechanism 114 is too low. When the turbidity meter 120 detects that the sediment concentration is moderate, the existing sand replenishment state is maintained; when the turbidity meter 120 detects that the sediment concentration is too low, supersaturated slurry is pumped into the sand discharge mechanism 114 through the sand replenishment pipe 1131; when the turbidity meter 120 detects that the sediment concentration is too high, the pumping efficiency of the sand pump is appropriately reduced. Through this design, the amount of sand in the initial stage of the test can be replenished in time, while ensuring the stability of the sand in the time scale of the test process.
[0103] On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand discharge device, in which a water discharge mechanism 111 includes: a first chamber 121 , a first guide fence 122 , a second chamber 123 and a second guide fence 124 .
[0104] The input end of the water supply pipe 110 is connected to the outlet pipe of the circulating water pump of the moving bed scouring experimental system, and the output end of the water supply pipe 110 is located in the first chamber 121; the first chamber 121 is used for turbulent energy dissipation of the first sand-containing water body.
[0105] Specifically, the circulating water pump of the moving bed scour test system is located at the tail of the experimental water tank for conducting the moving bed scour test. When using an experimental water tank with a sedimentation tank at the tail, the flow-making water pump in the circulating water pump of the moving bed scour test system is connected to the water supply pipe 110 through an outlet pipe, and the output end of the water supply pipe 110 is located in the first chamber 121. The first chamber 121 in the embodiment of the present application is a cube or a rectangular shaped containing chamber, which has a large volume. The purpose is to allow the first sand-containing water body to dissipate turbulent energy, and gravel and wave-breaking nets can be placed in this chamber as needed to further assist in energy dissipation. Making full use of the turbulence of the water body and overcoming the gravitational potential energy dissipation can ensure smooth water discharge.
[0106] The upper surface of the first chamber 121 is in contact with the lower surface of the second chamber 123 , and the first chamber 121 is connected with the second chamber 123 through the first guide grid 122 ; in the horizontal direction, the cross-sectional area of the first chamber 121 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber 123 .
[0107] Specifically, the first chamber 121 is connected to the second chamber 123 through the first guide fence 122, so that the first sand-containing water body after energy dissipation in the first chamber 121 can enter the second chamber 123. The cross-sectional area of the first chamber 121 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber 123, so that there is enough space for the first sand-containing water body to dissipate energy.
[0108] The second guide grid 124 is opened on the upper surface of the second chamber 123 , and the second guide grid 124 is flush with the cover plate 115 .
[0109] In a possible design, the first guide grid 122 includes a guide grid with an opening direction vertically upward, and the second guide grid 124 includes a guide grid with an opening direction obliquely upward.
[0110] Specifically, the first guide grid 122 includes a guide grid with an opening direction vertically upward, and its purpose is to smooth the first sand-containing water body. In this embodiment, a steel plate with uniform vertical square holes is used as the first guide grid 122; the second guide grid 124 includes a guide grid with an opening direction obliquely upward, and its purpose is to guide the first sand-containing water body to flow to the downstream end of the water tank 118. In this embodiment, a plurality of grids composed of narrow steel plates pointing from the lower left to the upper right and arranged obliquely at 45° are used as the second guide grid 124.
[0111] The water outlet mechanism 111 further includes a third guide grid 125 .
[0112] The third guide fence 125 is fixedly connected to the cover plate 115 , and the third guide fence 125 includes a plurality of guide plates arranged along the flow direction of the first sand-containing water body.
[0113] Specifically, a third guide fence 125 is disposed on the cover plate 115 in order to further smooth the first sand-containing water body coming out of the second guide fence 124 .
[0114] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water and sand discharge device provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, based on the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present application provides a water and sand discharge device, and the device also includes: a third chamber 126.
[0115] The lower surface of the third chamber 126 is in contact with the upper surface of the first chamber 121 , and the side surface of the third chamber 126 is in contact with the side surface of the second chamber 123 .
[0116] Specifically, in this embodiment, the third chamber 126 is in contact with the second chamber 123 and the upper and lower surfaces of the two chambers are flush, and the lower surfaces of the third chamber 126 and the second chamber 123 are in contact with the upper surface of the first chamber 121 .
[0117] The sand supply pipe 113 and the sand discharge mechanism 114 are both located in the third chamber 126 ; the cover plate 115 and the second end of the mixing platform 117 are both supported and mounted on the upper surface of the third chamber 126 .
[0118] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sand discharge function is completed in the third chamber 126. The overall size of the first chamber 121, the second chamber 123 and the third chamber 126 is related to the size of the water tank 118. In the width direction of the water tank 118, the size of the three chambers must be sufficient to be installed and placed at the depth of the inlet section of the water tank 118, and the two ends must fit the wall of the water tank 118; in terms of depth, the upper edge of the chamber structure fits the bottom surface of the water tank, and the downward depth should be greater than 50 cm. In the direction parallel to the length of the water tank, its length should meet the placement of the sand discharge mechanism 114 and the third guide fence 125, and the length and depth should be as large as possible to ensure smooth water and sand discharge.
[0119] In a possible design, when a water tank containing a single water pump and temporarily circulating water and sand is used, only the sand discharge device 116 in the embodiment of the present application needs to be installed, and the third guide grid 125 is installed at the downstream end of the sand discharge mechanism 114. This type of water tank is originally only suitable for fixed bed tests or clean water flushing tests for starting a small amount of sediment. For a small number of dynamic bed flushing groups, simulation tests are carried out. The above installation can basically achieve the function of uniform sand discharge, and there is no need to replace or rebuild the water tank, saving money and time costs.
[0120] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving bed scouring experiment system provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the embodiment of the present application further provides a moving bed scouring test system, the moving bed scouring test system comprising:
[0121] The water tank 118 and the water and sand discharge device provided in the above embodiment and buried under the water tank 118.
[0122] In a possible design, the moving bed scouring test system also includes a circulating water pump and a stirring device.
[0123] So far, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application have been described in conjunction with the preferred implementation modes shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific implementation modes. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A water and sand discharge device, characterized in that: include: A water outlet device (112) comprising a water supply pipe (110) and a water outlet mechanism (111), a sand outlet device (116) comprising a sand supply pipe (113), a sand outlet mechanism (114) and a cover plate (115), and a mixing platform (117); The cover plate (115) is arranged horizontally, and the cover plate (115) is flush with the output end of the water outlet mechanism (111); The mixing platform (117) is arranged obliquely, a first end of the mixing platform (117) is lower than a second end of the mixing platform (117), and the second end of the mixing platform (117) is flush with the cover plate (115); The input end of the water outlet mechanism (111) is connected to the output end of the water supply pipe (110); the water outlet mechanism (111) is used to transmit the first sand-containing water body output by the water supply pipe (110) through the cover plate (115) to the mixing platform (117); The input end of the sand discharge mechanism (114) is connected to the output end of the sand supply pipe (113); in the direction of gravity, the lower surface of the output end of the sand discharge mechanism (114) is stably connected to the first end of the mixing platform (117); the sand discharge mechanism (114) is used to uniformly transfer the second sand-containing water body output by the sand supply pipe (113) to the mixing platform (117); the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body is greater than the turbidity of the first sand-containing water body; The sand discharge mechanism (114) comprises a plurality of partitions (119); the plurality of partitions (119) evenly divide the sand discharge mechanism (114) along the flow direction of the second sand-containing water body; The second end of the mixing platform (117) is smoothly connected to the water tank (118) of the moving bed scouring test system, and the first sand-containing water body and the second sand-containing water body are redistributed at the mixing platform (117) and flow into the water tank (118).
2. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the sand discharging mechanism (114) in the gravity direction is a rectangle, the cross-sectional shape of the sand discharging mechanism (114) in the horizontal direction is an isosceles trapezoid, and the cover plate (115) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the sand discharging mechanism (114); In the vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of the side of the sand discharge mechanism (114) close to the sand supply pipe (113) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the side of the sand discharge mechanism (114) away from the sand supply pipe (113); The plurality of partitions (119) are rectangular partitions with uniform thickness.
3. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the length direction of the water trough (118), an end of the cover plate (115) away from the water outlet mechanism (111) is located between a first end of the mixing platform (117) and a second end of the mixing platform (117); the length direction refers to a direction from the upstream end of the water trough (118) to the downstream end of the water trough (118).
4. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sand supply pipe (113) comprises: a sand transport pipe (1130) and a sand replenishment pipe (1131); The input end of the sand transport pipe (1130) is connected to the sand outlet pipe of the circulating water pump of the moving bed scouring experimental system; The input end of the sand replenishing pipe (1131) is connected to a stirring device, in which supersaturated slurry is stored; The output end of the sand transport pipe (1130) and the output end of the sand replenishment pipe (1131) are connected to the input end of the sand discharge mechanism (114).
5. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sand discharge device (116) further includes: at least one turbidity meter (120); The at least one turbidity meter (120) is arranged at an end of the cover plate (115) away from the water outlet mechanism (111), and the at least one turbidity meter (120) is used to detect the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body, so as to adjust the pumping amount of the supersaturated slurry according to the turbidity of the second sand-containing water body.
6. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the mixing platform (117) is smaller than a preset sediment underwater correction angle.
7. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water outlet mechanism (111) comprises: a first chamber (121), a first flow guide grid (122), a second chamber (123) and a second flow guide grid (124); The input end of the water supply pipe (110) is connected to the water outlet pipe of the circulating water pump of the moving bed scouring experimental system, and the output end of the water supply pipe (110) is located in the first chamber (121); the first chamber (121) is used for turbulent energy dissipation of the first sand-containing water body; The upper surface of the first chamber (121) is in contact with the lower surface of the second chamber (123); the first chamber (121) is connected to the second chamber (123) via the first flow guide grid (122); in the horizontal direction, the cross-sectional area of the first chamber (121) is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber (123); The second flow guide grid (124) is opened on the upper surface of the second chamber (123), and the second flow guide grid (124) is flush with the cover plate (115).
8. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first guide grid (122) comprises a guide grid with an opening direction vertically upward, and the second guide grid (124) comprises a guide grid with an opening direction obliquely upward; The water outlet mechanism (111) further comprises: a third guide grid (125); The third guide grid (125) is fixedly connected to the cover plate (115), and the third guide grid (125) comprises a plurality of guide plates arranged along the flow direction of the first sand-containing water body.
9. The water and sand discharge device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: Also includes: The third chamber (126); The lower surface of the third chamber (126) is in contact with the upper surface of the first chamber (121), and the side surface of the third chamber (126) is in contact with the side surface of the second chamber (123); The sand supply pipe (113) and the sand discharge mechanism (114) are both located in the third chamber (126); the cover plate (115) and the second end of the mixing platform (117) are both supported and mounted on the upper surface of the third chamber (126).
10. A moving bed scouring test system, characterized in that: The moving bed scouring experimental system comprises: A water trough (118), and a water and sand discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, buried under the water trough (118).