Device and method for testing spraying effect of carbonized fire retardant

Abstract

The invention provides a carbonized fireproofing agent spraying effect testing device and method, and relates to the technical field of forest steppe fire prevention and extinguishment, and the carbonized fireproofing agent spraying effect testing device comprises a spraying simulation unit, a fogdrop granularity testing unit, a flame video recognition unit, a combustible support and an igniter which are vertically distributed from top to bottom in sequence; a plurality of algorithms such as a convolutional neural network are arranged in the testing device, indexes such as the effective spraying width, the atomization effect, the adsorption condition and the flame retardant property of carbonized fireproofing agent spraying are measured through the processes such as trial spraying, color development, ignition burning and evaluation, and the testing device is used for evaluating the spraying effect of a single spraying unit of the unmanned aerial vehicle and testing the optimal spraying concentration of the carbonized fireproofing agent. According to the application, the technical problem that a unified test method for performance evaluation is lacked when an existing carbonized fire-proofing agent is used for forest steppe fire prevention and extinguishing can be solved, the position height of each component of the test device can be dynamically adjusted according to actual test requirements, and the requirement for developing a non-standard test is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishing, and in particular to a device and method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant. Background Art

[0002] Carbonization fire retardant is a functional additive that promotes the rapid carbonization of forest and grassland combustibles after heating to form a dense carbon layer, thereby preventing the spread of fire. Its flame retardant principle is: carbonization fire retardant forms a carbonized film on the surface of combustibles through catalytic carbonization. The carbonized film expands rapidly under the action of non-combustible pyrolysis gas to form a dense porous carbon layer, which can prevent the escape of combustible gas under the carbon layer and oxygen supply, block the process of combustion reaction, and also isolate heat, slow down the thermal decomposition of wood, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing the spread of fire.

[0003] Since carbonized fire retardant is a green fire retardant that does not pollute the ecological environment, the social demand has been increasing in recent years, and the development of special spraying devices for carbonized fire retardant has been effectively promoted. For related technologies, please refer to the Chinese patent with announcement number CN117963140A, which discloses a carbonized fire retardant spraying device based on drones. As the technology gradually matures, similar spraying devices are gradually homogenized, and the fan blades, atomizing nozzles, and atomizing wheels are generally arranged vertically and coaxially from top to bottom, relying on the fan blades and atomizing wheels, and cooperating with the atomizing nozzles to achieve the atomization of the agent and promote the settlement of the agent.

[0004] With the promotion and application of carbonized fire retardant and spraying device, the problem of lack of inspection and testing devices and methods has gradually emerged. The general fire retardant test method is not applicable, and there is a lack of test methods specifically for carbonized fire retardant. This makes it particularly necessary to propose a unified and standardized carbonized fire retardant spraying effect test device and method to evaluate the spraying effect of a single spraying unit of a drone and the optimal spraying concentration of the carbonized fire retardant. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a device and method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant, so as to solve the technical problem that there is a lack of a unified test method for performance evaluation of existing carbonized fire retardants when used for forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishing.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a device and method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant.

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a carbonizing fire retardant spraying effect test device, including: the spray simulation unit, the droplet particle size test unit, the flame video identification unit, the combustible material bracket and the igniter are vertically arranged from top to bottom in a certain order; the spray simulation unit includes a first motor, a second motor, a medicine box, a pump body, a medicine delivery tube, an atomizing nozzle and a fan blade and an atomizing wheel of the same model as the unmanned aerial vehicle under test, which are used to simulate the operation process of the unmanned aerial vehicle spraying the carbonizing fire retardant, wherein the first motor and the second motor are respectively used to drive the fan blade and the atomizing wheel of the unmanned aerial vehicle under test, and the fan blade, the atomizing nozzle and the atomizing wheel are arranged vertically and coaxially in a certain order from top to bottom, which are used to simulate the atomization operation. The two ends of the medicine tube are respectively connected to the atomizing nozzle and the pump body, the inlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine box, and the outlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine delivery tube, which is used to pump the medicine liquid and simulate the spraying operation; the droplet particle size testing unit includes a laser emitting device, a refractive lens group, a laser receiving device and a data processor, wherein the laser emitting device is located on one side of the combustible material support, 1.2 meters above the ground, and includes 11 laser emitters, and the laser emitters are distributed in parallel with an interval of 10 cm. The refractive lens group and the laser receiving device are located on the opposite side of the laser emitting device and are on the same horizontal plane as the laser emitting device. The refractive lens group includes 11 refractive lenses, which are one by one with the laser emitter. Correspondingly, the refractive lenses have different angles and are distributed in parallel at intervals of 10 cm. The 11 refractive lenses of the refractive lens group respectively refract the parallel laser beams emitted by the 11 laser transmitters and converge them into a single laser receiving device. The middle area between the laser transmitting device and the refractive lens group, that is, the area where the laser beam is irradiated in parallel, is located directly above the supporting plane of the combustible support and is used to collect the particle size of the droplets settled on the combustible support. The data processor is connected to the laser receiving device and is used to receive a broad spectrum of particle size signals and output theoretical droplet particle size diameters. The flame video recognition unit includes a visible light camera, an infrared camera, and a video processor, which are arranged between the combustible support and the droplet particle size measuring device. The side adjacent to the test unit, 0.6 meters above the ground, is used to identify the combustion state of the combustibles and record their continuous burning time, wherein the visible light camera and the infrared camera are used to collect images of the combustibles on the combustible support, and transmit the collected data to the video processor to determine whether there is open flame combustion and calculate the continuous burning time; the combustible support includes a tray and a weighing platform, wherein the combustible support and the tray are both placed on the weighing platform to facilitate recording the weight change during the test, and the upper surface of the combustible support is the combustible support support plane, which is a square with a side length of 1000 mm and a height of 0.4 meters, the tray is located directly below the combustible support and is used to receive the solid particles dropped during the combustion of the combustibles; the igniter includes 4 ignition heads of the same specifications, wherein the ignition heads are respectively arranged on the four sides of the combustible support and are used to ignite the combustibles on the support by spraying flames.

[0008] On the second aspect, the present application also provides a method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant, comprising: initializing parameters of a spray simulation unit and a droplet particle size test unit, wherein fan blades and atomizing wheels of the same specification are selected according to the model of the UAV to be tested, and the lower edge of the atomizing wheel is 5 meters above the ground, and the test plane of the droplet particle size test unit is adjusted to a horizontal state and a position 1.2 meters above the ground, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device can pass through the refractive lens group and be received by the laser receiving device after refraction; configuring the liquid medicine, wherein a sufficient amount of carbonized fire retardant liquid medicine is configured according to an initial concentration of 25%; starting the pump body of the spray simulation unit, opening the drug delivery tube, and starting to spray the liquid medicine with the cooperation of the fan blades and the atomizing wheel, wherein the test spraying should be carried out at the fan blade speed when the UAV is cruising and spraying, and at the same time adjusting the speed of the atomizing wheel so that the theoretical droplet particle size diameter measured by the droplet particle size test unit is 200 microns , record the rotation speed of the fan blade and the atomizing impeller as the calibrated rotation speed, and stop the test spraying operation; determine the effective spraying area, wherein a water-sensitive test paper of sufficient area is arranged on the ground, and the liquid is sprayed at the calibrated rotation speed for 30 seconds, and the effective spraying area is measured, that is, the actual area of ​​no less than 15 droplets per square centimeter of the water-sensitive test paper; calculate the test spraying time, wherein the spraying time is the conversion coefficient multiplied by the ratio of the test drug amount to the spraying flow rate, the test drug amount is the product of the spraying amount per unit area and the effective spraying area, the spraying amount per unit area is 0.3 kg per square meter, and the spraying flow rate is 5 liters per minute; prepare the color test material, wherein a combustible support is placed directly below the spray simulation unit, and a cube made of Scotch pine wood with a side length of 30 mm is placed on the combustible support, and the liquid is sprayed for 30 seconds. The cube after the liquid is sprayed is the prepared color test material; configure the color solution A and the color solution B, wherein 3.5 grams of ammonium molybdate are dissolved in 90 milliliters of distilled water, and then 9 milliliters of concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 65% are added and mixed evenly to prepare a color development solution A. 15 grams of stannous chloride are dissolved in 75 milliliters of a 50% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution by volume, and then the stannous chloride solution is diluted to 100 milliliters with the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and mixed evenly to prepare a color development solution B. A color development experiment is carried out, wherein each surface of the color development test material is soaked with the color development solution A, and the remaining solution is shaken off after standing for 2 minutes, and then the color development solution B is added dropwise, and the color change is observed after standing for 5 minutes. If each surface of the color development test material turns dark blue, continue to the next step of the test. If the color development test material still maintains a natural color or turns If it is light green, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the liquid by 5% and re-test; set up standard combustibles, where after the liquid passes the color test, select larch wood with a moisture content of 10%, make multiple wooden strips with a cross section of 30 mm by 30 mm, and stack them on the combustible support. The bottom and second bottom layers are two wooden strips with a length of 1000 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. From bottom to top, the third and fourth layers use two wooden strips with a length of 900 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. And so on, every two layers are shortened by 100 mm, with a total of 20 layers of 40 wooden strips of different lengths, stacked in a pyramid shape, and record the readings when the weighing platform is empty and fully loaded, recorded as M1 and M2 respectively; spray Spray the liquid medicine, wherein the fan blades and the atomizing wheel are operated based on the calibrated speed, and the spraying is performed at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute. After the liquid medicine is sprayed, the sedimentation is observed. When the particle size tester no longer displays numbers or the measured real-time theoretical droplet particle size diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron, the sedimentation is considered to be completed and the burning test can be started; perform the burning test, wherein the igniter is started and the burning is continued for 30 seconds. When the igniter is turned off, the flame video recognition unit starts to calculate the continuous burning time of the combustible according to the collected flame image, and calculates and outputs the continuous burning time of the open flame of the standard combustible after the igniter is turned off; after the combustible returns to room temperature and the weight no longer changes, the reading of the weighing platform at this time is recorded and recorded as M3, calculate the combustion mass loss rate according to the combustion mass loss function, the expression of the combustion mass loss function is: combustion mass loss rate = (M2-M3) / (M2-M1)×100%; perform spraying effect evaluation and output the evaluation results, wherein, when the combustion mass loss rate is less than or equal to 30% and the open flame continuous burning time is less than or equal to 10 seconds, it is considered that the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant meets the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands and can be put into production and use; when the combustion mass loss rate is greater than 30% or the open flame continuous burning time is greater than 10 seconds, it is considered that the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant cannot meet the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands, and the concentration of the liquid should be increased by 5% and retested. .

[0009] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0010] In view of the current situation that there is a lack of a unified test method for evaluating the performance of carbonized fire retardants when used for forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishing, the present invention provides a standardized evaluation method, and on this basis can dynamically adjust the position height of each component of the test device according to actual test needs to meet the needs of conducting more non-standard tests.

[0011] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are specifically cited below. It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Other features of the present application will become easy to understand through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device for this application;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a spray simulation unit in a carbonized fire retardant spray effect test device of the present application;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a droplet size test unit and a spray simulation unit invented in a carbonized fire retardant spraying effect test device of the present application;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flame video recognition unit and a spray simulation unit in a carbonization fire retardant spraying effect test device of the present application;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a combustible support and an igniter in a carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device for the present application.

[0018] Description of reference numerals:

[0019] A medicine spraying simulation unit 100, a first motor 101, a second motor 102, a medicine box 103, a pump body 104, a medicine delivery tube 105, an atomizing nozzle 106, a first tachometer 107, a second tachometer 108, a fan blade 109, an atomizing wheel 110, a droplet size testing unit 200, a laser emitter 201, a laser emitting device 202, a refractive lens 203, a refractive lens group 204, a laser receiving device 205, a data processor 206, a flame video recognition unit 300, a visible light camera 301, an infrared camera 302, a video processor 303, a combustible material support 400, a combustible material support support plane 401, a tray 402, a weighing platform 403, an igniter 500, an ignition head 501, a sliding support 600, and a combustible material 700. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present application solves the technical problem of the lack of a unified test method for performance evaluation of existing carbonized fire retardants when used for forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishing by providing a device and method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant. The device and method can dynamically adjust the position height of each component of the test device according to actual test requirements to meet the needs of conducting non-standard tests.

[0021] Below, the technical solutions in the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, rather than all of them.

[0022] For example, please refer to the attached Figure 1 The present application provides a carbonization fire retardant spraying effect test device, including a spray simulation unit, a droplet size test unit, a flame video recognition unit, a combustible support and an igniter, wherein the spray simulation unit, the droplet size test unit, the flame video recognition unit, the combustible support and the igniter are vertically arranged from top to bottom in a sequential order, specifically including:

[0023] The spray simulation unit includes a first motor, a second motor, a medicine box, a pump body, a medicine delivery pipe, an atomizing nozzle, and fan blades and an atomizing rotor of the same model as the UAV under test, which are used to simulate the operation process of the UAV spraying a carbonized fire retardant, wherein the first motor and the second motor are respectively used to drive the fan blades and the atomizing rotor of the UAV under test, and the fan blades, the atomizing nozzle and the atomizing rotor are arranged vertically and coaxially in order from top to bottom to simulate the atomization operation, and the two ends of the medicine delivery pipe are respectively connected to the atomizing nozzle and the pump body, the inlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine box, and the outlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine delivery pipe, which is used to pump the medicine liquid and simulate the spraying operation.

[0024] Furthermore, the present application includes:

[0025] The spray simulation unit also includes a first tachometer and a second tachometer, wherein the first tachometer is used to measure the actual rotation speed of the fan blades of the tested UAV, and the second tachometer is used to measure the actual rotation speed of the atomizing wheel of the tested UAV.

[0026] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown, the spray simulation unit includes a first motor, a second motor, a medicine box, a pump body, a medicine delivery tube, an atomizing nozzle, a first tachometer, a tachometer, and fan blades and an atomizing rotor of the same model as the UAV under test, which are used to simulate the operation process of the UAV spraying carbonized fire retardant.

[0027] The two ends of the drug delivery tube are respectively connected to the atomizing nozzle and the pump body, the inlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine box, and the outlet of the pump body is connected to the drug delivery tube, which is used to pump the medicine liquid and simulate the spraying operation; the first motor and the second motor are respectively used to drive the fan blades and the atomizing wheel of the UAV under test; the first tachometer and the second tachometer are respectively used to measure the actual rotation speed of the fan blades and the atomizing wheel of the UAV under test, and the test results are used to compare the rotation speed obtained by the electrical measurement method to improve the test accuracy; the fan blades, the atomizing nozzle, and the atomizing wheel are arranged vertically and coaxially in order from top to bottom, which are used to simulate the atomization operation.

[0028] The droplet particle size testing unit includes a laser emitting device, a refractive lens group, a laser receiving device and a data processor, wherein the laser emitting device is located on one side of the combustible support, 1.2 meters above the ground, and includes 11 laser emitters, which are distributed in parallel at intervals of 10 cm. The refractive lens group and the laser receiving device are located on the opposite side of the laser emitting device and are on the same horizontal plane as the laser emitting device. The refractive lens group includes 11 refractive lenses, which correspond to the laser emitters one by one. The refractive lenses have different angles and are distributed in parallel at intervals of 10 cm. The 11 refractive lenses of the refractive lens group respectively refract the parallel laser beams emitted by the 11 laser emitters and converge them into a unique laser receiving device. The middle area between the laser emitting device and the refractive lens group, that is, the area where the laser beam is irradiated in parallel, is located directly above the supporting plane of the combustible support, and is used to collect the particle size of the droplets settled on the combustible support. The data processor is connected to the laser receiving device, and is used to receive a broad spectrum of particle size signals and output theoretical droplet particle size diameters.

[0029] Furthermore, the present application includes:

[0030] The data processor has a built-in adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm, which calculates the uncertainty of the particle size signal to obtain the probability symmetric inclusion interval when p is equal to 95%, and defines the maximum value of the probability symmetric inclusion interval as the theoretical droplet particle size diameter.

[0031] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the droplet particle size testing unit includes a laser emitting device, a refracting lens group, a laser receiving device and a data processor.

[0032] The laser emitting device is located on one side of the combustible material support, 1.2 meters above the ground, and includes 11 laser emitters, which are distributed in parallel at intervals of 10 centimeters; the refractive lens group and the laser receiving device are located on the opposite side of the laser emitting device and are on the same horizontal plane as the laser emitting device; the refractive lens group includes 11 refractive lenses, which correspond to the laser emitters one by one, and the refractive lenses have different angles and are distributed in parallel at intervals of 10 centimeters; the 11 refractive lenses of the refractive lens group respectively refract the parallel laser light beams emitted by the 11 laser emitters and converge them into a single laser receiving device; the middle area between the laser emitting device and the refractive lens group, that is, the area where the laser light beam is irradiated in parallel, is located directly above the supporting plane of the combustible material support, and is used to collect the particle size of droplets settled on the combustible material support.

[0033] The data processor is connected to a laser receiving device, and is used to receive a broad spectrum of particle size signals and output theoretical droplet particle size diameters; the droplet particle size diameter is determined in the following manner: the data processor has a built-in adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm, and by calculating the uncertainty of the particle size signal, a probability symmetric inclusion interval is obtained when p is equal to 95%, and the maximum value of the probability symmetric inclusion interval is defined as the theoretical droplet particle size diameter.

[0034] The flame video recognition unit includes a visible light camera, an infrared camera, and a video processor, which is arranged on the side of the combustible material support adjacent to the droplet particle size testing unit, 0.6 meters above the ground, and is used to identify the combustion state of the combustible material and record its continuous burning time. The visible light camera and the infrared camera are used to capture images of the combustible material on the combustible material support, and transmit the captured data to the video processor to determine whether there is open flame combustion and calculate the continuous burning time.

[0035] Furthermore, the present application includes:

[0036] The video processor has a built-in convolutional neural network, which identifies the working state of the igniter and the combustion state of the combustible material and calculates the continuous burning time by performing convolution processing on the true color image sent back by the visible light camera.

[0037] Furthermore, the present application includes:

[0038] When the smoke produced by combustion affects the acquisition of true-color images, the video processor automatically switches to the thermal imaging image sent back by the infrared camera, and uses 450 degrees Celsius as the limit to determine whether there is an open flame burning and calculate the continuous burning time.

[0039] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, the flame video recognition unit includes a visible light camera, an infrared camera and a video processor, which is arranged on one side of the combustible support, on the side adjacent to the droplet particle size testing unit, 0.6 meters above the ground, and is used to identify the combustion state of the combustible and record its continuous burning time.

[0040] The visible light camera and the infrared camera are aimed at the combustibles on the combustible support, and the collected data are transmitted to the video processor to determine whether there is open flame combustion and calculate the continuous combustion time.

[0041] The method for determining the continuous burning time is as follows: the video processor has a built-in convolutional neural network, which identifies the working state of the igniter and the combustion state of the combustible material by convolution processing of the true color image sent back by the visible light camera, and calculates the continuous burning time; when the smoke generated by the combustion affects the true color image acquisition, the video processor automatically switches to the thermal imaging picture sent back by the infrared camera, and determines whether there is an open flame burning with a limit of 450 degrees Celsius, and calculates the continuous burning time.

[0042] The combustible material support includes a tray and a weighing platform, wherein the combustible material support and the tray are both placed on the weighing platform to facilitate recording of weight changes during the test, the upper surface of the combustible material support is the combustible material support support plane, the combustible material support plane is a square with a side length of 1000 mm and a height of 0.4 meters from the ground, and the tray is located directly below the combustible material support and is used to hold solid particles dropped during the combustion of the combustible material.

[0043] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown, the combustible support includes a tray and a weighing platform, and the combustible support and the tray are placed on the weighing platform to facilitate recording of weight changes during the test; the upper surface of the combustible support is the supporting plane of the combustible support, and the supporting plane of the combustible support is a square with a side length of 1000 mm and a height of 0.4 meters from the ground; the tray is located directly below the combustible support and is used to hold solid particles dropped during the combustion of the combustible.

[0044] The igniter comprises four ignition heads of the same specification, wherein the ignition heads are respectively arranged on four sides of the combustible support and are used to ignite the combustibles on the support by jetting flames.

[0045] Furthermore, the present application includes:

[0046] The igniter is arranged at the four sides of the combustible support at an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the height of the ignition head is slightly lower than the supporting plane of the combustible support.

[0047] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown, the igniter includes four ignition heads of the same specification, wherein the ignition heads are respectively arranged on the four sides of the combustible support, and are used to ignite the combustibles on the support by jet flames. The igniter is arranged at the four sides of the combustible support at an angle of 45 degrees, and the height of the ignition head is slightly lower than the support plane of the combustible support to improve the ignition effect of the jet flame.

[0048] Furthermore, the present application includes:

[0049] The carbonized fire retardant spraying effect testing device also includes a sliding bracket, which is slidably connected to the spray simulation unit, the droplet particle size testing unit and the flame video recognition unit from top to bottom in sequence, so as to facilitate dynamic adjustment of the position height of each component.

[0050] Specifically, the carbonized fire retardant spraying effect testing device also includes a sliding bracket, which is slidably connected to the spray simulation unit, the droplet particle size testing unit and the flame video recognition unit from top to bottom in sequence, so as to facilitate the dynamic adjustment of the position height of each component to meet the needs of conducting more non-standard tests.

[0051] Embodiment 2: The present application also provides a method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant, comprising:

[0052] The parameters of the spray simulation unit and the droplet size test unit are initialized. The fan blades and atomizer wheels of the same specifications are selected according to the model of the UAV being tested, and the lower edge of the atomizer wheel is 5 meters above the ground. The test plane of the droplet size test unit is adjusted to a horizontal state and a position 1.2 meters above the ground, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device can pass through the refracting lens group and be received by the laser receiving device after refraction.

[0053] Specifically, the parameters of the spray simulation unit are initialized, wherein fan blades and atomizer wheels of the same specifications are selected according to the model of the UAV being tested, and the lower edge of the atomizer wheel is placed 5 meters above the ground. The parameters of the droplet size test unit are initialized, wherein the test plane of the droplet size test unit is adjusted to a horizontal state and a position 1.2 meters above the ground, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device can pass through the refracting lens group and be received by the laser receiving device after refraction.

[0054] Prepare the liquid medicine, wherein a sufficient amount of the carbonization fire retardant liquid medicine is prepared according to an initial concentration of 25%.

[0055] Specifically, a sufficient amount of carbonization fire retardant liquid is prepared according to an initial concentration of 25%.

[0056] Start the pump body of the spray simulation unit, open the drug delivery tube, and start spraying the liquid medicine with the cooperation of the fan blades and the atomizing impeller. The test spraying should be carried out at the fan blade speed when the UAV is cruising and spraying. At the same time, adjust the speed of the atomizing impeller so that the theoretical droplet particle size diameter measured by the droplet particle size test unit is 200 microns. Record the speed of the fan blades and the atomizing impeller at this time as the calibrated speed, and stop the test spraying operation.

[0057] Specifically, start the pump body of the spray simulation unit, open the drug delivery tube, and start spraying the liquid medicine with the cooperation of the fan blades and the atomizing impeller. The trial spraying should be carried out at the fan blade speed when the UAV is cruising and spraying. At the same time, adjust the speed of the atomizing impeller so that the theoretical droplet particle size diameter measured by the droplet particle size test unit is 200 microns. Record the speed of the fan blades and the atomizing impeller as the calibrated speed at this time, and stop the trial spraying operation.

[0058] Determine the effective spraying area, wherein a sufficient area of ​​water-sensitive test paper is arranged on the ground, and the liquid is sprayed at a calibrated speed for 30 seconds, and the effective spraying area is measured, that is, the actual area with no less than 15 droplets per square centimeter of water-sensitive test paper.

[0059] Specifically, a sufficient area of ​​water-sensitive test paper is arranged on the ground, and the liquid is sprayed at a calibrated speed for 30 seconds, and the effective spraying area is measured, that is, the actual area of ​​the water-sensitive test paper with no less than 15 droplets per square centimeter.

[0060] Calculate the test spraying time, where the spraying time is the conversion coefficient multiplied by the ratio of the test drug amount to the spray flow rate, the test drug amount is the product of the spray amount per unit area and the effective spraying area, the spray amount per unit area is 0.3 kg per square meter, and the spray flow rate is 5 liters per minute.

[0061] Specifically, calculate the test spraying time, spraying time = conversion coefficient × test drug amount / spray flow rate, test drug amount = spray amount per unit area × effective spraying area, where the unit of spraying time is seconds, the conversion coefficient is 60 seconds per minute, the unit of test drug amount is liters, the unit of spray flow rate is liters per minute, the unit of test drug amount is kilograms, the spray amount per unit area is calculated as 0.3 kg / square meter, the unit of effective spraying area is per square meter, and the spray flow rate is 5 liters per minute.

[0062] Prepare color development test materials, wherein a combustible support is placed directly below the spray simulation unit, and a cube made of larch wood with a side length of 30 mm is placed on the combustible support, and the liquid medicine is sprayed continuously for 30 seconds. The cube after spraying the liquid medicine is the prepared color development test material.

[0063] Specifically, a combustible material support is placed directly below the spray simulation unit, and a cube made of larch wood with a side length of 30 mm is placed on the combustible material support. The liquid medicine is sprayed continuously for 30 seconds. The cube after spraying the liquid medicine is the prepared color development test material.

[0064] A color developing solution A and a color developing solution B were prepared, wherein 3.5 g of ammonium molybdate was dissolved in 90 ml of distilled water, and then 9 ml of concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 65% was added and mixed evenly to prepare a color developing solution A; 15 g of stannous chloride was dissolved in 75 ml of a 50% by volume aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and then the stannous chloride solution was diluted to 100 ml with the hydrochloric acid solution, and mixed evenly to prepare a color developing solution B.

[0065] Specifically, 3.5 g of ammonium molybdate was dissolved in 90 ml of distilled water, and then 9 ml of 65% concentrated nitric acid was added and mixed to prepare a color developing solution A. 15 g of stannous chloride was dissolved in 75 ml of 50% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution by volume, and then the stannous chloride solution was diluted to 100 ml with the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and mixed to prepare a color developing solution B.

[0066] A color development experiment was conducted, wherein each surface of the color development test material was soaked with color development solution A, and the remaining solution was shaken off after standing for 2 minutes, and then color development solution B was added dropwise, and the color change was observed after standing for 5 minutes. If each surface of the color development test material turned dark blue, the next step of the test was continued. If the color development test material still maintained its natural color or turned light green, the concentration of the solution needed to be increased by 5% and the test should be repeated.

[0067] Specifically, soak all surfaces of the color test material with color developing solution A, let it stand for 2 minutes, shake off the remaining solution, then add color developing solution B, let it stand for 5 minutes and observe the color change. If all surfaces of the color test material turn dark blue, continue to the next step of the test. If the color test material still maintains its natural color or turns light green, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the solution by 5% and repeat the test.

[0068] Standard combustibles are set up. After the liquid passes the color development test, larch wood with a moisture content of 10% is selected to make multiple wooden strips with a cross-section of 30 mm by 30 mm, which are stacked on the combustible support. The bottom and second bottom layers are two wooden strips with a length of 1000 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. From the bottom to the top, the third and fourth layers use two wooden strips with a length of 900 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. And so on. Every two layers are shortened by 100 mm. There are 20 layers with 40 wooden strips of different lengths, stacked in a pyramid shape. The readings when the weighing platform is empty and fully loaded are recorded, and are recorded as M1 and M2 respectively.

[0069] Specifically, after the liquid passes the color development test, larch wood with a moisture content of 10% is selected to make multiple wooden strips with a cross-section of 30 mm by 30 mm, which are stacked on a combustible support. The bottom and second bottom layers are two wooden strips with a length of 1000 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. From the bottom to the top, the third and fourth layers use two wooden strips with a length of 900 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. And so on, every two layers are shortened by 100 mm, for a total of 20 layers of 40 wooden strips of different lengths, stacked in a pyramid shape, and the readings when the weighing platform is empty and fully loaded are recorded, recorded as M1 and M2 respectively.

[0070] Spray the liquid medicine, wherein the fan blades and the atomizing wheel are operated based on the calibrated speed, and the spraying is performed at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute. After the liquid medicine is sprayed, the sedimentation is observed. When the particle size tester no longer displays numbers or the measured real-time theoretical droplet particle size diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron, the sedimentation is considered to be completed and the burning test can be started.

[0071] Specifically, the fan blades and atomizing wheel are operated at a calibrated speed and sprayed at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute. After the spraying of the liquid is completed, the sedimentation is observed. When the particle size tester no longer displays numbers or the measured real-time theoretical droplet particle size diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron, the sedimentation is considered complete and the burning test can be started.

[0072] A burning test is performed, in which the igniter is started and the burning is continued for 30 seconds. When the igniter is turned off, the flame video recognition unit starts to calculate the continuous burning time of the combustible material based on the collected flame image, and calculates and outputs the continuous burning time of the open flame of the standard combustible material after the igniter is turned off.

[0073] Specifically, the igniter is started and burned continuously for 30 seconds. When the igniter is turned off, the flame video recognition unit starts to calculate the continuous burning time of the combustible material based on the collected flame image, and calculates and outputs the continuous burning time of the open flame of the standard combustible material after the igniter is turned off.

[0074] After the combustible material returns to room temperature and its weight no longer changes, record the reading of the weighing platform at this time, recorded as M3, and calculate the combustion mass loss rate according to the combustion mass loss function. The expression of the combustion mass loss function is: combustion mass loss rate = (M2-M3) / (M2-M1)×100%.

[0075] Specifically, after the combustible material returns to room temperature and its weight no longer changes, the reading of the weighing platform at this time is recorded as M3, and the combustion mass loss rate is calculated according to the combustion mass loss function. The expression of the combustion mass loss function is: combustion mass loss rate = (M2-M3) / (M2-M1)×100%.

[0076] Perform spraying effect evaluation and output evaluation results. When the combustion mass loss rate is less than or equal to 30% and the continuous burning time of the open flame is less than or equal to 10 seconds, it is considered that the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant meets the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands and can be put into production and use. When the combustion mass loss rate is greater than 30% or the continuous burning time of the open flame is greater than 10 seconds, it is considered that the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant cannot meet the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands, and the concentration of the liquid should be increased by 5% and re-tested.

[0077] Specifically, when the burning mass loss rate is less than or equal to 30% and the continuous burning time of the open flame is less than or equal to 10 seconds, the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant is considered to meet the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands and can be put into production and use. When the burning mass loss rate is greater than 30% or the continuous burning time of the open flame is greater than 10 seconds, the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant is considered to fail to meet the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands, and the concentration of the liquid should be increased by 5% and retested.

[0078] In summary, the carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing method provided in this application has the following technical effects:

[0079] It can solve the technical problem of the lack of a unified test method for performance evaluation of existing carbonized fire retardants when used for forest and grassland fire prevention and extinguishing. It can dynamically adjust the position height of each component of the test device according to actual test needs to meet the needs of conducting non-standard tests.

[0080] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0081] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application belong to the scope of the present application and its equivalent technology, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device, characterized in that: It includes a spray simulation unit, a droplet size test unit, a flame video recognition unit, a combustible support and an igniter, wherein the spray simulation unit, the droplet size test unit, the flame video recognition unit, the combustible support and the igniter are vertically arranged from top to bottom in a sequential order, including: The spray simulation unit includes a first motor, a second motor, a medicine box, a pump body, a medicine delivery pipe, an atomizing nozzle, and a fan blade and an atomizing rotor of the same model as the UAV under test, which are used to simulate the operation process of the UAV spraying a carbonized fire retardant, wherein the first motor and the second motor are respectively used to drive the fan blade and the atomizing rotor of the UAV under test, and the fan blade, the atomizing nozzle and the atomizing rotor are arranged vertically and coaxially in order from top to bottom to simulate the atomization operation, and the two ends of the medicine delivery pipe are respectively connected to the atomizing nozzle and the pump body, the inlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine box, and the outlet of the pump body is connected to the medicine delivery pipe, which is used to pump liquid medicine and simulate spraying operations; The droplet particle size testing unit comprises a laser emitting device, a refractive lens group, a laser receiving device and a data processor, wherein the laser emitting device is located on one side of the combustible support, 1.2 meters above the ground, and comprises 11 laser emitters, the laser emitters are arranged in parallel at intervals of 10 centimeters, the refractive lens group and the laser receiving device are located on the opposite side of the laser emitting device and are in the same horizontal plane as the laser emitting device, the refractive lens group comprises 11 refractive lenses, which correspond to the laser emitters one by one, the refractive lenses have different angles, and are arranged in parallel at intervals of 10 centimeters, the 11 refractive lenses of the refractive lens group respectively refract the parallel laser beams emitted by the 11 laser emitters and converge them into a single laser receiving device, the middle area between the laser emitting device and the refractive lens group, i.e., the area where the laser beam is irradiated in parallel, is located directly above the support plane of the combustible support, and is used to collect the particle size of the droplets settled on the combustible support, the data processor is connected to the laser receiving device, and is used to receive a broad spectrum of particle size signals and output theoretical droplet particle size diameters; The flame video recognition unit includes a visible light camera, an infrared camera, and a video processor, which is arranged on the side of the combustible support adjacent to the droplet particle size test unit, 0.6 meters above the ground, and is used to identify the combustion state of the combustible and record its continuous burning time, wherein the visible light camera and the infrared camera are used to capture images of the combustibles on the combustible support, and transmit the captured data to the video processor to determine whether there is open flame combustion and calculate the continuous burning time; The combustible support includes a tray and a weighing platform, wherein the combustible support and the tray are both placed on the weighing platform to facilitate recording of weight changes during the test, the upper surface of the combustible support is the combustible support support plane, the combustible support plane is a square with a side length of 1000 mm and a height of 0.4 m from the ground, and the tray is located directly below the combustible support and is used to hold solid particles dropped during the combustion of the combustible; The igniter comprises four ignition heads of the same specification, wherein the ignition heads are respectively arranged on four sides of the combustible support and are used to ignite the combustibles on the support by jetting flames.

2. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray simulation unit also includes a first tachometer and a second tachometer, wherein the first tachometer is used to measure the actual rotation speed of the fan blades of the tested UAV, and the second tachometer is used to measure the actual rotation speed of the atomizing wheel of the tested UAV.

3. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonized fire retardant spraying effect testing device also includes a sliding bracket, which is slidably connected to the spray simulation unit, the droplet particle size testing unit and the flame video recognition unit from top to bottom in sequence, so as to facilitate dynamic adjustment of the position height of each component.

4. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The igniter is arranged at the four sides of the combustible support at an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the height of the ignition head is slightly lower than the supporting plane of the combustible support.

5. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processor has a built-in adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm, which calculates the uncertainty of the particle size signal to obtain the probability symmetric inclusion interval when p is equal to 95%, and defines the maximum value of the probability symmetric inclusion interval as the theoretical droplet particle size diameter.

6. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The video processor has a built-in convolutional neural network, which identifies the working state of the igniter and the combustion state of the combustible material and calculates the continuous burning time by performing convolution processing on the true color image sent back by the visible light camera.

7. A carbonization fire retardant spraying effect testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the smoke produced by combustion affects the acquisition of true-color images, the video processor automatically switches to the thermal imaging image sent back by the infrared camera, and uses 450 degrees Celsius as the limit to determine whether there is an open flame burning and calculate the continuous burning time.

8. A method for testing the spraying effect of a carbonized fire retardant, characterized in that: include: Initialize the parameters of the spray simulation unit and the droplet size test unit. Select the fan blades and atomizer rotors of the same specifications according to the model of the UAV being tested, and make the lower edge of the atomizer rotor 5 meters above the ground. Adjust the test plane of the droplet size test unit to a horizontal state and a height of 1.2 meters from the ground, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device can pass through the refractive lens group and be received by the laser receiving device after refraction; Preparing a liquid medicine, wherein a sufficient amount of a carbonized fire retardant liquid medicine is prepared according to an initial concentration of 25%; Start the pump body of the spray simulation unit, open the drug delivery tube, and start spraying the drug solution with the cooperation of the fan blades and the atomizing impeller. The test spraying should be carried out at the fan blade speed when the drone is cruising and spraying. At the same time, adjust the speed of the atomizing impeller so that the theoretical droplet size diameter measured by the droplet size test unit is 200 microns. Record the speed of the fan blades and the atomizing impeller as the calibrated speed at this time, and stop the test spraying operation. Determine the effective spraying area, where a water-sensitive test paper of sufficient area is placed on the ground, and the liquid is sprayed at a calibrated speed for 30 seconds, and the effective spraying area is measured, that is, the actual area with no less than 15 droplets per square centimeter of water-sensitive test paper; Calculate the test spraying time, where the spraying time is the conversion factor multiplied by the ratio of the test drug amount to the spraying flow rate, the test drug amount is the product of the spraying amount per unit area and the effective spraying area, the spraying amount per unit area is 0.3 kg per square meter, and the spraying flow rate is 5 liters per minute; Prepare color development test materials, wherein a combustible support is placed directly below the spray simulation unit, and a cube made of Scotch pine wood with a side length of 30 mm is placed on the combustible support, and the liquid medicine is sprayed continuously for 30 seconds. The cube after the liquid medicine is sprayed is the prepared color development test material; Prepare color developing solution A and color developing solution B, wherein 3.5 g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 90 ml of distilled water, and then 9 ml of concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 65% is added and mixed evenly to prepare color developing solution A, 15 g of stannous chloride is dissolved in 75 ml of a 50% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution by volume, and then the stannous chloride solution is diluted to 100 ml with the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and mixed evenly to prepare color developing solution B; Conduct a color development experiment, wherein each surface of the color development test material is soaked with color development solution A, and the remaining solution is shaken off after standing for 2 minutes, and then color development solution B is added dropwise, and the color change is observed after standing for 5 minutes. If each surface of the color development test material turns dark blue, continue to the next step of the test. If the color development test material still maintains its natural color or turns light green, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the solution by 5% and repeat the test; Set up standard combustibles. After the liquid passes the color development test, select Scotch pine wood with a moisture content of 10%, make multiple wooden strips with a cross section of 30 mm x 30 mm, and stack them on the combustible support. The bottom and second bottom layers are two wooden strips with a length of 1000 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. From the bottom to the top, the third and fourth layers use two wooden strips with a length of 900 mm and arranged in a tic-tac-toe shape. And so on. Every two layers are shortened by 100 mm. There are 20 layers of 40 wooden strips of different lengths, which are stacked into a pyramid shape. Record the readings when the weighing platform is empty and fully loaded, which are recorded as M1 and M2 respectively. Spraying the liquid medicine, wherein the fan blades and the atomizing wheel are operated based on the calibrated speed, and the spraying is performed at a flow rate of 5 liters per minute. After the liquid medicine is sprayed, the sedimentation is observed. When the particle size tester no longer displays numbers or the measured real-time theoretical droplet particle size diameter is less than or equal to 1 micron, the sedimentation is considered to be completed and the burning test can be started; Perform a burning test, in which the igniter is started and the burning continues for 30 seconds. When the igniter is turned off, the flame video recognition unit starts to calculate the continuous burning time of the combustible according to the collected flame image, and calculates and outputs the continuous burning time of the open flame of the standard combustible after the igniter is turned off; After the combustible material returns to room temperature and the weight no longer changes, the reading of the weighing platform at this time is recorded as M3, and the combustion mass loss rate is calculated according to the combustion mass loss function. The expression of the combustion mass loss function is: combustion mass loss rate = (M2-M3) / (M2-M1) × 100%; Perform spraying effect evaluation and output evaluation results. When the combustion mass loss rate is less than or equal to 30% and the continuous burning time of the open flame is less than or equal to 10 seconds, it is considered that the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant meets the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands and can be put into production and use. When the combustion mass loss rate is greater than 30% or the continuous burning time of the open flame is greater than 10 seconds, it is considered that the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant cannot meet the fire prevention requirements of forests and grasslands, and the concentration of the liquid should be increased by 5% and re-tested.

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