A method for calculating the permeance of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on finite element simulation permanent magnet permeance coefficient calculation method, comprising the following steps: S1, the simulation model of permanent magnet is established and simulation boundary is set;S2, material characteristic parameter is given to permanent magnet and simulation parameter is distributed;S3, setting solving parameter, automatic mesh division, after static magnetic field simulation, the numerical value of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field intensity Hd are calculated;S4, according to the ratio of the maximum size L of permanent magnet magnetization direction and the maximum size T perpendicular to magnetization direction, corresponding constant k is selected;S5, the permeance coefficient is calculated out by formula: the present application is established by permanent magnet simulation model, material characteristic parameter is given to permanent magnet and simulation parameter is distributed, then the numerical value of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field intensity Hd are calculated, according to the ratio of the maximum size L of permanent magnet magnetization direction and the maximum size T perpendicular to magnetization direction, corresponding constant k is selected after, the permeance coefficient is obtained by, and it is convenient, accurate and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of permanent magnet technology, and in particular to a method for calculating the permeability coefficient of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation. Background Technology

[0002] Neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are widely used in various industries such as 3C consumer electronics and new energy vehicles. There are requirements for the operating temperature environment of permanent magnets. The maximum operating temperature of permanent magnets is closely related to the permeability coefficient of permanent magnets, which is also known as the demagnetization coefficient.

[0003] In the existing technology, the permeability of magnets can only be calculated using formulas for regular magnets such as cuboids, cylinders, toroids, and spheres. However, in actual production applications, there are a large number of irregularly shaped magnets, which cannot be calculated using existing formulas. Therefore, the urgent need to solve this problem is to find a way to accurately calculate the permeability of permanent magnets with irregular shapes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for calculating the permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation. This method can quickly and effectively calculate the permeability of both regular and irregular permanent magnets, and the calculation is convenient and the values ​​are accurate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a method for calculating the magnetic permeability coefficient of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Establish a simulation model of the permanent magnet and set the simulation boundary;

[0007] S2. Assign material property parameters to the permanent magnet and allocate simulation parameters;

[0008] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and perform static magnetic field simulation. Then, use the edited field calculator command to calculate the values ​​of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd.

[0009] S4. Select the corresponding constant k according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0010] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0011]

[0012] Furthermore, the permanent magnet is a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the establishment of the simulation model includes establishing it within the finite element simulation software, or directly importing the simulation model of a permanent magnet of arbitrary shape into the finite element simulation software.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1: outside the established permanent magnet model, the value of the simulation boundary should be 1000 times larger than the size of the permanent magnet model.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the material properties assigned to the permanent magnet include: the relative permeability curves of remanence and magnetic coercivity, and the magnetization direction.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the field calculator editing command is as follows:

[0017] Bd calculation command: Scl: / (Integrate(Volume(Box1),Mag(<Bx,By,Bz> )),Integrate(Volume(Box1),1));

[0018] Hd calculation command: Scl: / (Integrate(Volume(Box1),Mag(<Hx,Hy,Hz> )),Integrate(Volume(Box1),1)); where Box1 represents the volume of the permanent magnet.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, it is necessary to convert the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd obtained from the edited field calculator command:

[0020] To convert the Hd value to a unit, multiply the SI value in Tesla (T) by 10000 to obtain the CGS value in Gauss (Gs); to convert the Hd value to a unit, divide the SI value in Ampere per meter (A / m) by 79.6 to obtain the CGS value in Oersted (Oe).

[0021] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] This invention discloses a method for calculating the permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation. The method involves establishing a simulation model of the permanent magnet using finite element software, assigning material property parameters and simulation parameters, performing a static magnetic field simulation, and then using the field calculator command to calculate the values ​​of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd. Based on the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction, a corresponding constant k is selected. Finally, the permeability is calculated using the formula... The method for obtaining the permeability coefficient is simple and convenient to calculate, and it is applicable to both regular and irregular permanent magnets. The calculation results are accurate and efficient, and can well meet the practical application requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the BH curve and the permeability of a permanent magnet.

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram comparing the operating point and inflection point of a permanent magnet at different temperatures;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a simulation model of the regular rectangular shape in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a simulation model of the regular rectangular shape in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a simulation model of the regular cylindrical shape in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a simulation model of the regular cylindrical shape in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a simulation model of the irregular permanent magnet model in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a simulation model of the irregular permanent magnet model in Embodiment Six of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a simulation model of the irregular permanent magnet model in Embodiment 7 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] based on Figure 1This invention requires the calculation of the permeability of a permanent magnet. The definition of permeability is as follows: When a permanent magnet works as a magnetic field source or magnetic force source, it generates a magnetic field within a certain space and operates in an open-circuit state. In the open-circuit state, the permanent magnet is under the influence of its own demagnetizing field. Therefore, in its operating state, the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnet is not at the Br point in the closed-circuit state, but at a certain point on the BH curve that is lower than Br. This point is called the operating point of the permanent magnet, and the line connecting it to the origin is called the magnetic conductor or load line. The slope of this line is named the permeability.

[0036] The irreversible flux loss of a permanent magnet at different temperatures corresponds to the relative positions of the operating point and inflection point on the BH curve of the permanent magnet's load line at different temperatures. Therefore, the maximum operating temperature of the permanent magnet can be evaluated based on the relative position of the operating point on the BH curve at each temperature. Thus, the maximum operating temperature of a permanent magnet is directly related to its permeability.

[0037] based on Figure 2 Based on the permeability coefficient Pc. When the operating point is above and far from the inflection point S0, such as points S3, S4, and S5, the permanent magnet will not decay its magnetic properties when it returns to room temperature after being exposed to high temperatures. If the operating point is below the inflection point, such as points S1 and S2, the permanent magnet will decay its magnetic properties when it returns to room temperature after being exposed to high temperatures, and it will not be able to recover its performance before the high temperature.

[0038] See Figure 3 This invention discloses a method for calculating the magnetic permeability of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1. Establish a simulation model of the permanent magnet and set the simulation boundary;

[0040] S2. Assign material property parameters to the permanent magnet and allocate simulation parameters;

[0041] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and perform static magnetic field simulation. Then, use the edited field calculator command to calculate the values ​​of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd.

[0042] S4. Select the corresponding constant k according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0043] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0044]

[0045] The following examples illustrate this in detail.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] based on Figure 4 A method for calculating the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. In Maxwell, establish a simulation model of a 2.80x2.50x2.50mm permanent magnet with a regular rectangular shape, and set the simulation solution domain size to 1000 times that of the simulation model.

[0049] S2. Assign N52 grade material to the permanent magnet, allocate torque simulation parameters to the permanent magnet, and set the magnetization direction to the 2.50mm magnet thickness direction;

[0050] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and then edit the field calculator command after performing static magnetic field simulation;

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the values ​​of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd are calculated using the field calculator command as follows: Bd = 0.947674 (T), Hd = 406219.09 (A / m).

[0052] Then, the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd in step S3 are converted: 1T = 10000Gs, 1A / m = 1 / 79.6Oe;

[0053] At this point; Bd = 0.947674(T) x 10000 = 9476.74(Gs); Hd = 406219.09(A / m) / 79.6 = 5103.25(Oe);

[0054] S4. Select the corresponding constant k according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0055] In step S4, the constant K is obtained using the following table 1:

[0056] L / T Constant L / T<0.1 0.65 0.1≤L / T<0.2 0.83 0.2≤L / T<0.3 1.03 0.3≤L / T<0.4 1.12 0.4≤L / T<0.5 1.25 0.5≤L / T<0.6 1.3 0.6≤L / T<0.7 1.39 0.7≤L / T<0.8 1.46 0.8≤L / T<0.9 1.53 0.9≤L / T<1.0 1.60

[0057] Table 1

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, L / T = 2.50 / 2.80 = 0.893, and k = 1.53;

[0059] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0060]

[0061] In this embodiment: Pc = Bd / Hdxk = 9476.74 / 5103.25x1.53 = 2.841;

[0062] In contrast, according to the theoretical calculation formula:

[0063] Where a = 2.80, b = 2.50, L = 2.50;

[0064] Pc = 2.849 was calculated.

[0065] In summary, the permanent magnet in Example 1 has a regular cuboid shape, and the Pc value obtained by finite element simulation is 2.841, which is very consistent with the Pc value of 2.849 calculated by the theoretical formula.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] based on Figure 5 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the simulated Pc value calculated after building a simulation model of a rectangular prism with a permanent magnet of 8.48x4.50x2.00 in Maxwell is 0.748, while the result calculated by the theoretical formula is 0.744. The results of the two are very consistent.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] based on Figure 6 A method for calculating the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. In Maxwell, establish a simulation model of a cylindrical permanent magnet with a regular shape of D10.00X7.50mm, and set the simulation solution domain size to 1000 times that of the model.

[0071] S2. Assign N52 grade material to the permanent magnet, assign torque simulation parameters to the permanent magnet simulation model, and set the magnetization direction to the magnet axis at 7.50mm.

[0072] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and then edit the field calculator command after performing static magnetic field simulation;

[0073] Specifically, in this embodiment, the magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd are calculated using the field calculator command as follows: Bd = 0.909700 (T), Hd = 447616.68 (A / m).

[0074] Then, the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd in step S3 are converted: 1T = 10000Gs, 1A / m = 1 / 79.6Oe;

[0075] At this point; Bd = 0.909700(T) x 10000 = 9097.00(Gs); Hd = 447616.68(A / m) / 79.6 = 5623.33(Oe);

[0076] S4. Select the corresponding constant k in Table 1 according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0077] In step S4, the constant K is obtained using the table in Table 1:

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, L / T = 7.50 / 10.00 = 0.750, and k = 1.46;

[0079] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0080]

[0081] In this embodiment: Pc = Bd / Hdxk = 9097.00 / 5623.33x1.46 = 2.362;

[0082] In contrast, according to the theoretical calculation formula:

[0083] Where L = 7.5, R = 5;

[0084] Pc = 2.372 was calculated;

[0085] In summary, the permanent magnet in Example 3 has a regular cylindrical shape, and the Pc value obtained by finite element simulation is 2.362, which is very consistent with the Pc value of 2.372 calculated by the theoretical formula.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] based on Figure 7 The difference between Example 4 and Example 3 is that the simulated Pc value calculated after establishing a simulation model of a cylindrical permanent magnet with a D5.00X0.55mm shape in Maxwell is 0.243, while the result calculated by the theoretical formula is 0.243. The results of the two are consistent.

[0088] Based on the above four embodiments, the comparative data among the four embodiments is shown in the following table:

[0089]

[0090] Table 2

[0091] As can be seen from Table 2, in calculating the permeability of some conventionally shaped permanent magnets, the error between the simulation calculation method of this invention and the theoretical calculation method is between -0.41% and 0.62%, which is very small. Therefore, in actual calculations, the calculation method of this invention can be used to quickly calculate the permeability of permanent magnets to meet relevant requirements.

[0092] Next, several examples are given to illustrate the permeability of irregularly shaped permanent magnets.

[0093] Example 5

[0094] based on Figure 8 A method for calculating the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation includes the following steps:

[0095] S1. In Maxwell, build a 5.10*4.58*2.05 irregular permanent magnet model, and set the simulation solution domain size to 1000 times that of the irregular permanent magnet model.

[0096] S2. Assign N52 grade material to the permanent magnet, allocate torque simulation parameters to the permanent magnet, and set the magnetization direction to 2.05mm.

[0097] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and then edit the field calculator command after performing static magnetic field simulation;

[0098] Specifically, in this embodiment, the magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd are calculated using the field calculator command as follows: Bd = 0.587408 (T), Hd = 710424.90 (A / m).

[0099] Then, the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd in step S3 are converted: 1T = 10000Gs, 1A / m = 1 / 79.6Oe;

[0100] At this time; Bd=0.587408(T)x10000=5874.08(Gs), Hd=710424.90(A / m) / 79.6=8924.94(Oe);

[0101] S4. Select the corresponding constant k in Table 1 according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0102] Specifically, in this embodiment, L / T = 2.05 / 5.10 = 0.402, k = 1.25;

[0103] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0104]

[0105] In this embodiment: Pc = Bd / Hdxk = 5874.08 / 8924.94 x 1.25 = 0.823;

[0106] Since there is no theoretical formula for calculating the Pc value of irregular permanent magnets, it cannot be calculated directly. Therefore, the actual measured Pc value is 0.827, which is close to the numerical error between the Pc value of 0.823 calculated by finite element simulation and the actual measured Pc value of 0.827.

[0107] Example 6

[0108] based on Figure 9 A method for calculating the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation includes the following steps:

[0109] S1. In Maxwell, build a 10.50*4.85*5.00 irregular permanent magnet model, and set the simulation solution domain size to 1000 times that of the irregular permanent magnet model.

[0110] S2. Assign N52 grade material to the permanent magnet, allocate torque simulation parameters to the permanent magnet, and set the magnetization direction to 5.00mm.

[0111] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and then edit the field calculator command after performing static magnetic field simulation;

[0112] Specifically, in this embodiment, the magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd are calculated using the field calculator command as follows: Bd = 0.937182 (T), Hd = 414710.95 (A / m).

[0113] Then, the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd in step S3 are converted: 1T = 10000Gs, 1A / m = 1 / 79.6Oe;

[0114] At this time; Bd=0.937182(T)x10000=9371.82(Gs), Hd=414710.95(A / m) / 79.6=5209.94(Oe);

[0115] S4. Select the corresponding constant k in Table 1 according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0116] Specifically, in this embodiment, L / T = 5.00 / 10.50 = 0.476, and k = 1.25;

[0117] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0118]

[0119] In this embodiment: Pc = Bd / Hdxk = 9371.82 / 5209.94x1.25 = 2.249;

[0120] The Pc value of irregularly shaped permanent magnets does not have a theoretical calculation formula and cannot be calculated directly. Therefore, the actual measured Pc value is 2.238, which shows that it is very close to the Pc value of 2.249 obtained by finite element simulation.

[0121] Example 7

[0122] based on Figure 10 A method for calculating the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation includes the following steps:

[0123] S1. In Maxwell, build a 9.05*7.55*3.89 irregular permanent magnet model, and set the simulation solution domain size to 1000 times that of the irregular permanent magnet model.

[0124] S2. Assign N52 grade material to the permanent magnet, allocate torque simulation parameters to the permanent magnet, and set the magnetization direction to the 3.89mm direction;

[0125] S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and then edit the field calculator command after performing static magnetic field simulation;

[0126] Specifically, in this embodiment, the magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd are calculated using the field calculator command as follows: Bd = 0.608501 (T), Hd = 675679.05 (A / m).

[0127] Then, the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd in step S3 are converted: 1T = 10000Gs, 1A / m = 1 / 79.6Oe;

[0128] At this time; Bd=0.608501(T)x10000=6085.01(Gs), Hd=675679.05(A / m) / 79.6=8488.43(Oe);

[0129] S4. Select the corresponding constant k in Table 1 according to the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction;

[0130] Specifically, in this embodiment, L / T = 3.89 / 9.05 = 0.430, and k = 1.25;

[0131] S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet:

[0132]

[0133] In this embodiment: Pc = Bd / Hdxk = 6085.01 / 8488.43x1.25 = 0.896;

[0134] The Pc value of irregularly shaped permanent magnets does not have a theoretical calculation formula and cannot be calculated directly. Therefore, the actual measured Pc value is 0.893, which shows that it is very close to the Pc value of 0.896 obtained by finite element simulation.

[0135] The comparative data from the three implementations above are shown in the table below:

[0136]

[0137] Table 3

[0138] As can be seen from the table above, for the magnet coefficient of some irregularly shaped permanent magnets, the error between the simulation calculation method of this invention and the actual measurement value is between -0.52% and 0.47%, which is very small. Therefore, in actual calculations, the calculation method of this invention can also be used to quickly calculate irregularly shaped permanent magnets.

[0139] In summary, the permeability calculation method for permanent magnets based on finite element simulation of the present invention can be applied not only to some conventional shapes, but also to the calculation of the permeability of irregularly shaped permanent magnets. Therefore, the present invention can be used to calculate the permeability of permanent magnets of arbitrary shapes. The method is simple and fast, and the results are highly accurate.

[0140] Of course, the embodiments of the present invention are based on Maxwell software. The present invention can also be implemented by other finite element simulation software, such as Comsol and JMAG, as long as the relevant functions can be achieved.

[0141] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the magnetic permeability of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a simulation model of the permanent magnet and set the simulation boundary; S2. Assign material property parameters to the permanent magnet and allocate simulation parameters; S3. Set the solution parameters, automatically generate the mesh, and perform static magnetic field simulation. Then, use the edited field calculator command to calculate the values ​​of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd. S4. Select a constant k based on the ratio of the maximum dimension L in the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet to the maximum dimension T perpendicular to the magnetization direction; the constant k is selected from the following correspondence table according to the ratio L / T: when L / T<0.1, K=0.65; When 0.1 ≤ L / T < 0.2, K = 0.83; When 0.2 ≤ L / T < 0.3, K = 1.03; when 0.3 ≤ L / T < 0.4, K = 1.12; when 0.4 ≤ L / T < 0.5, K = 1.25; when 0.5 ≤ L / T < 0.6, K = 1.3; when 0.6 ≤ L / T < 0.7, K = 1.39; when 0.7 ≤ L / T < 0.8, K = 1.46; when 0.8 ≤ L / T < 0.9, K = 1.53; when 0.9 ≤ L / T < 1.0, K = 1.

60. S5. Substitute Bd, Hd, and k into the following formula to calculate the permeability Pc of the permanent magnet: 。 2. The method for calculating the permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet is a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet.

3. The method for calculating the magnetic permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the simulation model is established either within the finite element simulation software or by directly importing a simulation model of a permanent magnet of arbitrary shape into the finite element simulation software.

4. The method for calculating the permeability of permanent magnets based on finite element simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1: Outside the established permanent magnet model, the value of the simulation boundary should be 1000 times larger than the size of the permanent magnet model.

5. The method for calculating the permeability coefficient of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the material properties assigned to the permanent magnet include: the relative permeability curves of remanence and magnetic coercivity, and the magnetization direction.

6. The method for calculating the permeability coefficient of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the field calculator editing command is as follows: Bd calculation command: Scl : / (Integrate(Volume(Box1), Mag(<Bx,By,Bz> )), Integrate(Volume(Box1), 1)); Hd calculation command: Scl : / (Integrate(Volume(Box1), Mag(<Hx,Hy,Hz> )), Integrate(Volume(Box1), 1)); where Box1 represents the volume of the permanent magnet.

7. The method for calculating the permeability of a permanent magnet based on finite element simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, it is necessary to convert the unit values ​​of Bd and Hd obtained from the edited field calculator command: To convert the Hd value to a unit, multiply the SI value in Tesla (T) by 10000 to obtain the CGS value in Gauss (Gs); to convert the Hd value to a unit, divide the SI value in Ampere per Meter (A / m) by 79.6 to obtain the CGS value in Oersted (Oe).

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