Radio frequency identification tag, identification system and identification device for intelligent tracking

Abstract

The invention provides a radio frequency identification tag, system and device for intelligent tracking. The radio frequency identification tag comprises a radio frequency identification circuit, a main processor circuit and a first sensor circuit. A radio frequency identification circuit transmits instructions from a radio frequency reader to the main processor circuit and transmits data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency reader. The main processor circuit controls the first sensor circuit to acquire data in response to an instruction from the radio frequency reader, and transmits the data acquired by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency identification circuit. The first sensor circuit collects data under the control of the main processor circuit and sends the collected data to the main processor circuit. The radio frequency identification circuit, the main processor circuit and the first sensor circuit are arranged on the same printed circuit board.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent tracking, and in particular to a radio frequency identification tag, a radio frequency identification system and a radio frequency identification device for intelligent tracking. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and the prevalence of e-commerce, traditional labor-intensive logistics methods are facing challenges from the growing demand for R&D laboratories, retail, healthcare, catering and industrial automation. Item information and other real-time physical parameters, such as weight, temperature, etc., are gaining more and more attention in the supply chain. Autonomous and continuous "Smart Dust" is needed, which is considered to be a widely deployed sensor network characterized by being small, passive, low power and low cost. Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags combined with passive sensors or battery-free sensors. These systems are called computational RFID (CRFID). Several radio frequency identification tags and radio frequency readers establish an RFID sensor network. The radio frequency reader uses radio frequency waves and the backscattering of the tag to power the tag's microcontroller and its electrically coupled sensor, and can read not only the EPC code of the radio frequency identification tag, but also these sensor data.

[0003] In the laboratory, chemicals are stored in designated cabinets or closets. The classification depends on the users / managers of the laboratory, such as alphabetical order, frequency of use, or other customized indexing methods. Manually recording the conditions of use is the most common measure, which requires the attention of managers and timely updates by laboratory members. With the development of information technology (IT), many online management websites / tools have emerged in recent years, such as iLabPlus, HappiLabs, and other APPs embedded in social media. However, the most important change is to make records paperless, while the attention / effort of managers and users has not been reduced. The widespread management model and inefficient recording system also lead to other problems, such as chemical expiration, improper storage of hazardous materials, and reagents running out without notice. Purchases usually take a long time, thus slowing down the research progress of each laboratory member.

[0004] In the high-cost product management system of rare medicinal materials, supplements, red wine, etc., a small weight difference can cause huge economic losses. The weight change of the product is sensitive and the use of the product needs to be recorded.

[0005] Previous designs used development boards such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi, but most of the functions of the development boards were not used, and chips such as RFID circuits and sensor chips needed to be connected externally. As a result, the board area was wasted, it could not be made portable, a lot of unnecessary energy was wasted, and the electrical coupling requirements were too complicated. Summary of the invention

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a radio frequency identification tag is provided, comprising a processing circuit and a first sensor circuit. The processing circuit is electrically coupled to the first sensor circuit and is configured to: control the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to the data collection request, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency reader, and the first sensor circuit is configured to collect first data under the control of the processing circuit and send the collected first data to the processing circuit, wherein the processing circuit and the first sensor circuit are arranged on the same printed circuit board.

[0007] In some embodiments, the processing circuit includes a radio frequency identification circuit and a main processor circuit. The radio frequency identification circuit is electrically coupled to the main processor circuit and is configured to: receive a data collection request from the radio frequency reader, transmit the data collection request to the main processor circuit, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency reader. The main processor circuit is electrically coupled to the radio frequency identification circuit and the first sensor circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to the data collection request, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency identification circuit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the RFID tag further comprises a second sensor located outside the printed circuit board and electrically coupled to the main processor circuit via a lead wire. The second sensor is configured to collect second data under the control of the main processor circuit and send the collected second data to the main processor circuit.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second sensor is a force sensor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the RFID tag further includes a power management module integrated in the RFID circuit, which is configured to collect energy from the electromagnetic waves emitted by the RFID reader to provide power.

[0011] In some embodiments, the power management module includes: a rectifier, an oscillator, a bandgap reference, a voltage pump, and a voltage regulator. The rectifier receives electromagnetic waves emitted by the radio frequency reader via an antenna, the oscillator is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the voltage pump, and is configured to supply a clock signal to the voltage pump in response to the output of the rectifier, the bandgap reference is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the voltage regulator, and is configured to provide a reference voltage to the voltage regulator in response to the output of the rectifier, the voltage pump is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the oscillator, and is configured to boost the output voltage of the rectifier in response to the clock signal provided by the oscillator to provide it to the voltage regulator for use as a power source, and the voltage regulator is electrically coupled to the bandgap reference and the voltage pump, and is configured to output an output voltage in response to the bandgap reference and the output of the voltage pump.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first sensor circuit includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a second capacitor, one end of the second capacitor is electrically coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded.

[0013] In some embodiments, the main processor circuit includes a main processor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth capacitor. One end of the second resistor is coupled to the main processor, and the other end is coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor in the first sensor circuit; one end of the third resistor is coupled to the main processor, and the other end is coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor in the first sensor circuit; one end of the fourth capacitor is coupled to the main processor, and the other end is grounded.

[0014] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification circuit includes a radio frequency chip, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, and an LC matching circuit. The radio frequency chip is electrically coupled to the main processor in the main processor circuit, the two ends of the fifth capacitor are electrically coupled to the radio frequency chip, one end of the sixth capacitor is coupled to the radio frequency chip, and the other end is grounded, one end of the seventh capacitor is coupled to the radio frequency chip, and the other end is grounded, and the two ends of the LC matching circuit are electrically coupled to the radio frequency chip.

[0015] In some embodiments, the LC matching circuit includes an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor and a first inductor. One end of the eighth capacitor is coupled to the RF chip, and the other end is coupled to one end of the first inductor. One end of the ninth capacitor is coupled to the RF chip, and the other end is coupled to the other end of the first inductor.

[0016] In some embodiments, the RFID tag further includes an indication circuit, which is disposed on the printed circuit board together with the RFID circuit and the main processor circuit and is configured to be illuminated upon receiving an instruction sent by a RFID reader to illuminate the RFID tag, wherein the indication circuit includes an LED lamp and a sixth resistor, one end of the LED lamp is electrically coupled to one end of the sixth resistor, the other end of the LED lamp is grounded, and the other end of the sixth resistor is electrically coupled to the RFID chip in the RFID circuit.

[0017] In some embodiments, the RFID tag further includes a battery unit, which is disposed on the printed circuit board together with the RFID circuit and the main processor circuit, wherein one end of the battery unit is grounded and the other end is electrically coupled to the RFID chip in the RFID circuit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the RFID tag further includes: a plurality of pins, which are arranged on the printed circuit board with the processing circuit and the first sensor circuit, and include pins configured to be electrically coupled to an external power source; an antenna, which is arranged on the printed circuit board with the plurality of pins, is located on a side of the processing circuit and the first sensor circuit away from the plurality of pins, and is configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by the RFID reader. The antenna includes a first part and a second part, and the first part and the second part are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to a center line of the printed circuit board that points from the antenna to the plurality of pins.

[0019] In some embodiments, in response to a data read request from the RFID reader, the response data from the RFID tag includes a header, a firmware version, a temperature value, a humidity value, a force value, and a quality of service.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a radio frequency identification system is provided, comprising: the radio frequency identification tag of any one of the above embodiments; and a radio frequency reader, which is configured to send a data read request to the processing circuit, wherein the radio frequency reader is programmed to implement at least one of the following functions: sending a data read request to the radio frequency identification tag; automatically detecting a port; obtaining a product identification code; sending a lighting instruction to the radio frequency identification tag to light up the radio frequency identification tag, thereby identifying the radio frequency identification tag; reading data collected by a sensor from a memory of the processing circuit, or writing data collected by the sensor into a memory of the processing circuit; decoding the data collected by the sensor into a decimal value.

[0021] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a radio frequency identification device, comprising: a container; and the radio frequency identification tag in any one of the above embodiments, attached to the container. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a radio frequency identification system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 2A FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of various modules of the radio frequency identification tag according to an embodiment of the present disclosure on the front side of the printed circuit board.

[0024] Figure 2B is a layout diagram of a battery module on the back side of a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a reset circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of a first sensor circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 3C is a schematic diagram of a main processor circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 3D is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency identification circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3E is a schematic diagram of external pins of a radio frequency identification circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3F is a schematic diagram of an indication circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 4 A data structure of a response to a request of a radio frequency reader according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a back end of a radio frequency reader according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig. 6A is a front view of an antenna of a radio frequency identification tag according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 6B is a rear view of the antenna of the radio frequency identification tag according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig. 7A is a circuit diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 7B is a circuit diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency identification device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present disclosure proposes an RFID tag that combines weight information with the product's ID, which can completely free the user's hands while performing collaborative labor work in integrated laboratories and research institutions. The use of RFID tags will save time, improve research productivity, and provide a better management system with updated time data, reducing the risk of accidents in the laboratory. RFID tags integrated with sensors also provide greater portability and flexibility, and show promise in logistics and transportation, as well as smart laboratories.

[0039] In one embodiment, an ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification tag is provided, which implements a radio frequency identification circuit, a main processor circuit, a first sensor circuit, an antenna and its matching network on a printed circuit board. In addition, a force sensor (FSR402) is electrically coupled to the main processor circuit on the printed circuit board. In addition, many other functions are implemented, including a reset circuit, a find indicator LED (i.e., an indication circuit), a 3V battery base BT1 (i.e., a battery unit), and pins for electrically coupling external devices. The printed circuit board is designed to be 44.35×44.91mm. Radio frequency identification (RFID) and multiple sensors are used to collect environmental and target data and send them to the cloud for further processing and visualization.

[0040] Figure 1 FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a radio frequency identification system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the RFID system includes an RFID tag and an RFID reader. The RFID reader sends instructions (as shown by the dotted line, the instructions are, for example, data read requests) to the RFID tag to control the sensor in the RFID tag to collect data, and then the RFID tag transmits the data collected by the sensor to the RFID reader.

[0041] In one embodiment, the radio frequency identification tag includes a processing circuit and a first sensor circuit. The processing circuit is electrically coupled to the first sensor circuit. The processing circuit controls the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to the data collection request, and transmits the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency reader. The first sensor circuit collects first data under the control of the processing circuit, and sends the collected first data to the processing circuit. The processing circuit and the first sensor circuit are arranged on the same printed circuit board.

[0042] The processing circuit includes a radio frequency identification circuit and a main processor circuit. The radio frequency identification circuit is electrically coupled to the main processor circuit. The radio frequency identification circuit receives a data collection request from the radio frequency reader, transmits the data collection request to the main processor circuit, and transmits the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency reader. The main processor circuit is electrically coupled to the radio frequency identification circuit and the first sensor circuit, respectively. The main processor circuit controls the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to the data collection request, and transmits the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency identification circuit.

[0043] In addition, the RFID tag also sends an EPC tag (Electronic Product Code) back to the RFID reader, thereby identifying the number of the RFID tag.

[0044] Figure 2A It is a layout diagram of various modules of the radio frequency identification tag according to an embodiment of the present disclosure on the front side of the printed circuit board. The radio frequency identification tag includes a printed circuit board and a radio frequency identification circuit U3 arranged on the front side of the printed circuit board, an external pin H2 of the radio frequency identification circuit, a main processor circuit U2, a first sensor circuit U1, a reset circuit S1, an indication circuit LED1, an antenna 1, a plurality of pins (GLOAD to BP4), and a second sensor 2. Figure 2B FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a battery module on the back side of a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2B As shown, the battery unit BT1 is arranged on the back side of the printed circuit board.

[0045] The RFID circuit is electrically coupled to the main processor circuit, and is configured to transmit instructions from the RFID reader to the main processor circuit, and transmit data collected by the first sensor circuit to the RFID reader. The main processor circuit is electrically coupled to the RFID circuit and the first sensor circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to instructions from the RFID reader, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the RFID circuit. The first sensor circuit is configured to collect first data under the control of the main processor circuit, and send the collected first data to the main processor circuit. The RFID circuit, the main processor circuit and the first sensor circuit are arranged on the same printed circuit board. Figure 1 and Figure 2A As shown, the RFID tag further includes a second sensor, which is located outside the printed circuit board and electrically coupled to the main processor circuit through a lead. The second sensor is configured to collect second data under the control of the main processor circuit and send the collected second data to the main processor circuit.

[0046] Detailed description of each circuit module

[0047] The following is a detailed description of each circuit module arranged on the printed circuit board.

[0048] See also Figure 2A In one embodiment, the second sensor 2 is a force sensor. The force sensor 2 includes a metal lead and a force sensing module, and the metal lead is connected to the corresponding pins P1.1 and VDD of the printed circuit board. The data collected by the force sensing module is transmitted to the main processor circuit U2 through the metal lead.

[0049] In another embodiment, the second sensor is a liquid level sensor. In yet another embodiment, the second sensor is a gas sensor. In yet another embodiment, the second sensor is an infrared sensor.

[0050] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a reset circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The reset circuit is disposed on a printed circuit board and is configured to reset the radio frequency identification tag. Figure 3A As shown, the reset circuit includes a reset switch S1, a first resistor R1, and a first capacitor C1. One end of the reset switch S1 is electrically coupled to the first resistor R1 and the RST pin of the main processor circuit, and the other end of the reset switch S1 is electrically coupled to the GLOAD pin of the main processor circuit. One end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically coupled to the GLOAD pin of the main processor circuit, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically coupled to the RST pin of the main processor circuit. The value of the first resistor R1 is 47kΩ, and the value of the first capacitor C1 is 1nF. Among them, the GLOAD pin indicates that the electronic component is grounded.

[0051] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of a first sensor circuit U1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3B As shown, the first sensor circuit U1 includes a temperature and humidity sensor SHT20 and a second capacitor C2. The model of the temperature and humidity sensor is SHT20, which is used to sense the temperature and humidity of the environment, and the second capacitor C2 is a decoupling capacitor.

[0052] The temperature and humidity sensor collects temperature and humidity data under the control of the main processor circuit, and sends the collected temperature and humidity data to the main processor circuit.

[0053] One end of the second capacitor C2 is electrically coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor SHT20, and the other end is grounded GLOAD. The pin UCB0SDA of the temperature and humidity sensor SHT20 is electrically coupled to the pin UCB0SDA of the main processor MSP430FR2433 of the main processor circuit U2, and the pin UCB0SCL of the temperature and humidity sensor SHT20 is electrically coupled to the pin UCB0SCL of the main processor MSP430FR2433 of the main processor circuit U2. The value of the second capacitor C2 is 100nF.

[0054] In one embodiment, the first sensor circuit U1 includes any one of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0055] Figure 3C is a schematic diagram of a main processor circuit U2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3C As shown, the main processor circuit U2 includes the main processor MSP4300FR2433, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the fourth capacitor C4. The model of the main processor circuit is MSP430FR2433, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are used as pull-down resistors, and the fourth capacitor C4 is used as a decoupling capacitor.

[0056] One end of the second resistor R2 is coupled to the UCB0SDA pin of the main processor MSP4300FR2433, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is coupled to the UCB0SDA pin of the temperature and humidity sensor SHT20. One end of the third resistor R3 is coupled to the UCB0SCL pin of the main processor MSP4300FR2433, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is coupled to the UCB0SCL pin of the temperature and humidity sensor SHT20. One end of the fourth capacitor C4 is coupled to the main processor MSP4300FR2433, and the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded.

[0057] The value of the second resistor R2 is 10 kΩ, the value of the third resistor R3 is 10 kΩ, and the value of the fourth capacitor C4 is 100 nF.

[0058] The UCAISIMO pin of the main processor MSP4300FR2433 is electrically coupled to the UCAISIMO pin of the radio frequency chip ROCKY100 of the radio frequency identification circuit U3. The UCAISOMI pin of the main processor MSP4300FR2433 is electrically coupled to the UCAISOMI pin of the radio frequency chip ROCKY100 of the radio frequency identification circuit U3. The UCAICLK pin of the main processor MSP4300FR2433 is electrically coupled to the UCAICLK pin of the radio frequency chip ROCKY100 of the radio frequency identification circuit U3.

[0059] The main processor MSP4300FR2433 is electrically coupled to the radio frequency chip in the radio frequency identification circuit and the temperature and humidity sensor in the first sensor circuit, and is configured to control the temperature and humidity sensor to collect temperature and humidity data in response to instructions from the radio frequency reader, and transmit the temperature and humidity data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency chip in the radio frequency identification circuit.

[0060] Figure 3D is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency identification circuit U3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3D As shown, the RFID circuit includes a RF chip ROCKY100, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, and an LC matching circuit (L1 / C8 / C9). The model of the RF chip is ROCKY100, which is used to communicate with the RF reader, receive instructions from the RF reader, transmit the instructions from the RF reader to the main processor in the main processor circuit, and transmit the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity sensor in the first sensor circuit to the RF reader.

[0061] The fifth capacitor C5 is a decoupling capacitor, and its two ends are electrically coupled to the RF chip ROCKY100. The sixth capacitor C6 is a decoupling capacitor, one end of which is coupled to the RF chip ROCKY100, and the other end is grounded. The seventh capacitor C7 is a decoupling capacitor, one end of which is coupled to the RF chip ROCKY100, and the other end is grounded. The two ends of the LC matching circuit are electrically coupled to the RF chip ROCKY100. The LC matching circuit can ensure that the energy transmission power is maximized.

[0062] The value of the fifth capacitor C5 is 1 uF, the value of the sixth capacitor C6 is 22 uF, and the value of the seventh capacitor C7 is 100 nF.

[0063] In one embodiment, the LC matching circuit includes an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor, and a first inductor L1. One end of the eighth capacitor C8 is coupled to the RF chip ROCKY100, and the other end is coupled to one end of the first inductor L1. One end of the ninth capacitor C9 is coupled to the RF chip ROCKY100, and the other end is coupled to the other end of the first inductor L1.

[0064] The value of the eighth capacitor C8 is 100 nF, the value of the ninth capacitor C9 is 100 nF, and the value of the first inductor L1 is 15 nH.

[0065] In some embodiments, the RFID circuit U3 may further include an external pin H2, such as Figure 3EAs shown. The external pin H2 includes two ports 1 and 2. Port 1 is electrically coupled to the RF- pin of the RF chip ROCKY100, and port 2 is electrically coupled to the RF+ pin of the RF chip ROCKY100. The RF chip ROCKY100 is electrically coupled to the eighth capacitor C8 and the ninth capacitor C9 of the LC matching circuit via ports 1 and 2 of the external pin H2.

[0066] When other environmental data need to be collected, the printed circuit board can be electrically coupled to additional sensors through external pins and programmed accordingly to collect environmental data. The additional sensors are expandable and programmable, which provides high flexibility in collecting environmental data.

[0067] Figure 3F is a schematic diagram of an indication circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2A As shown, the indicating circuit is arranged on the front side of the printed circuit board, and is configured to be illuminated when receiving an instruction sent by a radio frequency reader for illuminating the radio frequency identification tag. Figure 3F As shown, the indication circuit includes an LED lamp LED1 and a sixth resistor R6, one end of the LED lamp LED1 is electrically coupled to one end of the sixth resistor R6, the other end of the LED lamp LED1 is grounded, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically coupled to the VDD pin of the RF chip. The indication circuit is powered by the current collected by the antenna 1, that is, the indication circuit is powered by the RFID circuit U3.

[0068] The value of the sixth resistor R6 is 330Ω.

[0069] The LED light in the indicator circuit can be used to indicate that a specific RFID tag is lit up, that is, the object-finding function is realized, and the specific RFID tag is found by lighting up the light.

[0070] Figure 4 The data structure of the response to the request of the RF reader according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The temperature and humidity sensor SHT20 generates a digital signal, and the force sensor 2 generates an analog signal. The analog signal generated by the force sensor 2 is converted into a digital signal by the main processor MSP430FR2433 through analog-to-digital conversion. The digital signal generated by the temperature and humidity sensor SHT20 and the digital signal generated by the force sensor 2 after analog-to-digital conversion by the main processor MSP430FR2433 are both stored in the RFID circuit U3, and the RFID circuit U3 can be sent to the RF reader using a standard EPC read command.

[0071] In response to the request for reading the sensor, the reply from the RFID tag contains 6 bytes of data. Byte 0 is the header '0xAA', which should be set once the first measurement has been made. Byte 1 is FW_VER, which indicates the firmware version. The sensor data is from byte 2 to byte 4, where the temperature value TEMP is in byte 2, the humidity value HUMI ​​is in byte 3, and the force value FORCE is in byte 4. Byte 5 indicates QOS, which is the quality of service provided by Rocky100.

[0072] Figure 5 : is a schematic diagram of the back end of the radio frequency reader according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The back end of the radio frequency reader can be programmed to implement multiple functions, such as automatically detecting ports, obtaining all EPC tags (Electronic Product Codes), lighting up radio frequency identification tags, reading and writing memories, sending read commands to the radio frequency chip Rocky100, and decoding the digital signals from the force sensor processed by the main processor circuit and the digital signals collected by the temperature and humidity sensor into decimal values, so that the data format conforms to the data format that can be transmitted by RFID.

[0073] Fig. 6A is a front view of an antenna of a radio frequency identification tag according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6B FIG. 2 is a rear view of an antenna of an RFID tag according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 6A , Figure 6B As shown, the antenna is configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by the RF reader and is located on a side of the RFID circuit U3, the main processor circuit U2 and the first sensor circuit U1 away from the plurality of pins (GLOAD to BP4).

[0074] like Fig. 6A As shown, the antenna includes a first part 3 and a second part 4, and the first part 3 and the second part 4 are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to a center line of the printed circuit board pointing from the antenna to a plurality of pins. The orthographic projection of each of the first part and the second part on the printed circuit board is in the shape of a "mountain".

[0075] The antenna uses a π matching circuit, which is designed to maximize signal transmission. Figure 6B As shown, the back of the printed circuit board is designed with metal stripes, which provides good feasibility for impedance matching of the RF port on the RFID circuit. The antenna provides high gain and good reliability for receiving and transmitting signals.

[0076] The present disclosure uses a semi-passive RFID tag and adopts multiple power supply modes, including an external VDD pin for power supply (such as Figure 2A As shown), battery cells (such as Fig. 7A As shown), and energy harvested from electromagnetic waves provided by a radio frequency reader and received by an onboard antenna. These power modes increase potential housing life and read range, and save energy compared to a single power supply.

[0077] Fig. 7A Schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2B As shown, the battery unit BT1, the first sensor circuit U1, the main processor circuit U2 and the radio frequency identification circuit U3 are arranged on the same printed circuit board and on the back side of the printed circuit board. Fig. 7A As shown, one end of the battery unit BT1 is grounded, and the other end is electrically coupled to the VBAT pin of the RF chip. The battery unit BT1 may be a button battery.

[0078] When there are no or insufficient power outlets in the surrounding area of ​​the target deployment location, a battery unit such as a button cell may be used to provide power.

[0079] Figure 7B is a circuit diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The power management module of the present disclosure is configured to extract energy from the RFID signal provided by the RFID reader and provide a stable 3V voltage to the RFID circuit (ROCKY100) or other circuits. The power management module is integrated in the RFID circuit U3. The power management circuit occupies a small area, less than 1cm×1cm, which is very suitable for future integration and portable use.

[0080] The power management module includes a rectifier, an oscillator, a bandgap reference, a voltage pump and a voltage regulator. The rectifier receives the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radio frequency reader via an antenna. The oscillator is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the voltage pump, and supplies a clock signal to the voltage pump in response to the output of the rectifier. The bandgap reference is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the voltage regulator, and provides a reference voltage to the voltage regulator in response to the output of the rectifier. The voltage pump is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the oscillator, and boosts the output voltage of the rectifier in response to the clock signal provided by the oscillator to provide it to the voltage regulator for use as a power supply. The voltage regulator is electrically coupled to the bandgap reference and the voltage pump, and outputs an output voltage in response to the bandgap reference and the output of the voltage pump.

[0081] The power management circuit is designed to have very low power consumption and good efficiency. It can pass a large proportion of the collected energy to the subsequent circuit, while consuming very little itself. The power consumption of the power management circuit is estimated and simulated to be about 25uW. The efficiency from rectifier to output is about 85%, and the efficiency of the rectifier is about 31%.

[0082] The output of the power management circuit is regulated by a voltage regulator, and the output voltage is stabilized at 3V. The output path can withstand a current of 2mA, which is greater than the expected 200uA.

[0083] Using low current and low voltage bandgap reference technology, it can output a stable reference voltage of 600mV under the conditions of -45℃ to 125℃ and 1V to 2V power supply voltage.

[0084] When there are no or insufficient power sockets in the surrounding area of ​​the target deployment location, the power management module can extract energy from the RFID signal provided by the RFID reader to power the RFID circuit U3 or other circuits.

[0085] In one embodiment, a radio frequency identification system is provided, comprising a radio frequency identification tag according to any one of the above embodiments; and a radio frequency reader configured to send instructions to a radio frequency identification circuit in the radio frequency identification tag, such as Figure 1 As shown. Radio frequency identification tags can collect multi-dimensional sensor data and transmit them to radio frequency readers for intelligent tracking of chemical containers and other consumable management situations. The system consists of hardware and software parts. The hardware part includes radio frequency readers and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The software part includes SaaS (Software as a Service) platform, cloud data collection / computing, and data visualization. Through RFID detection function and real-time data transmission and AI-based data processing, the present invention can effectively assist the research process and high-value product management of chemical laboratories, material laboratories, and biological laboratories.

[0086] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an RFID device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the RFID device includes a container and an RFID tag attached to the container. Among them, only the force sensor is placed on the bottom of the container (e.g., a bottle), and the printed circuit board where the RFID tag is located is placed on the side of the container (e.g., a bottle). Figure 8 The force sensor at the bottom of the container is electrically coupled to the main processor circuit on the printed circuit board through leads.

[0087] The RFID device disclosed in the present invention can realize the inventory tracking automation of the consumable management solution. Each container for consumables has a passive RFID tag that stores information. By detecting the RFID tag and collecting sensor data after each read instruction, the RFID system can monitor the surrounding environment and record the weight change of the consumables, thereby significantly improving the management efficiency of the consumables.

[0088] The radio frequency identification tag disclosed in the present invention solves many problems. It is not only small in size, but also highly integrated and consumes less energy. The present invention combines multiple sensors such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, weight sensors and LED indicators to collect multi-dimensional sensor data and monitor the external environment. The weight value can also be combined with the corresponding RFID information to record the weight change of a specific product. The present invention is easier to deploy and maintain, and can be deployed in more unpredictable places. In addition, since it does not require too many fragile wires, it is more reliable and more robust.

[0089] other

[0090] 1. When this product is combined with a smart scale including a tray, it can identify changes in the weight of a specific chemical container, which allows the user to record the dosage of the chemical, wherein the smart scale includes an RFID reading function and a weighing function.

[0091] 2. When a small amount of chemicals needs to be monitored, the RFID tag of the present disclosure can be formed in a portable small tray to meet the requirements while reducing deployment and maintenance costs.

[0092] 3. When the target deployment location is too small for a large pallet or the shape of the internal space is not irregular, multiple small pallets using this newly designed board can be unfolded to fit the internal space and work together, increasing area utilization.

[0093] 4. The printed circuit board can also be deployed in some remote hard-to-reach areas and obtain energy from sustainable sources (e.g., electromagnetic waves) because it can work at very low power. The data can first be transmitted to the cloud and then processed by other software.

[0094] 5. The RF chip and main processor can work in low power mode, thus saving a lot of energy when working or idle.

Claims

1. A radio frequency identification tag, comprising a processing circuit and a first sensor circuit, wherein The processing circuit is electrically coupled to the first sensor circuit, and is configured to: control the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to the data collection request, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the radio frequency reader, and The first sensor circuit is configured to collect first data under the control of the processing circuit and send the collected first data to the processing circuit. in, The processing circuit and the first sensor circuit are arranged on a same printed circuit board.

2. The RFID tag according to claim 1, wherein The processing circuit includes a radio frequency identification circuit and a main processor circuit, The RFID circuit is electrically coupled to the main processor circuit and is configured to: receive a data collection request from the RFID reader, transmit the data collection request to the main processor circuit, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the RFID reader, The main processor circuit is electrically coupled to the RFID circuit and the first sensor circuit, respectively, and is configured to control the first sensor circuit to collect data in response to the data collection request, and transmit the data collected by the first sensor circuit to the RFID circuit.

3. The RFID tag of claim 2, further comprising a second sensor located outside the printed circuit board and electrically coupled to the main processor circuit via leads, The second sensor is configured to collect second data under the control of the main processor circuit and send the collected second data to the main processor circuit.

4. The RFID tag according to claim 3, wherein The second sensor is a force sensor.

5. The RFID tag according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a power management module integrated in the RFID circuit, configured to collect energy from the electromagnetic waves emitted by the RFID reader to provide power.

6. The RFID tag according to claim 5, wherein The power management module comprises: a rectifier, an oscillator, a bandgap reference, a voltage pump and a voltage regulator, wherein the rectifier receives electromagnetic waves transmitted by the radio frequency reader via an antenna, The oscillator is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the voltage pump and is configured to supply a clock signal to the voltage pump in response to an output of the rectifier, The bandgap reference is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the regulator and is configured to provide a reference voltage for the regulator in response to an output of the rectifier, The voltage pump is electrically coupled to the rectifier and the oscillator, and is configured to increase the output voltage of the rectifier in response to a clock signal provided by the oscillator, so as to provide the output voltage to the voltage regulator for use as a power supply. The voltage regulator is electrically coupled to the bandgap reference and the voltage pump, and is configured to output an output voltage in response to the bandgap reference and an output of the voltage pump.

7. The RFID tag according to claims 2 to 4, wherein The first sensor circuit includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a second capacitor. One end of the second capacitor is electrically coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor, and the other end is grounded.

8. The RFID tag according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein The main processor circuit includes a main processor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth capacitor, wherein One end of the second resistor is coupled to the main processor, and the other end is coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor in the first sensor circuit; One end of the third resistor is coupled to the main processor, and the other end is coupled to the temperature and humidity sensor in the first sensor circuit; One end of the fourth capacitor is coupled to the main processor, and the other end thereof is grounded.

9. The RFID tag according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein The radio frequency identification circuit includes a radio frequency chip, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, and an LC matching circuit, wherein The radio frequency chip is electrically coupled to a main processor in the main processor circuit, The two ends of the fifth capacitor are electrically coupled to the RF chip respectively. One end of the sixth capacitor is coupled to the RF chip, and the other end is grounded. One end of the seventh capacitor is coupled to the RF chip, and the other end is grounded. Two ends of the LC matching circuit are electrically coupled to the radio frequency chip respectively.

10. The RFID tag according to claim 9, wherein The LC matching circuit includes an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor and a first inductor, One end of the eighth capacitor is coupled to the RF chip, and the other end is coupled to one end of the first inductor. One end of the ninth capacitor is coupled to the RF chip, and the other end of the ninth capacitor is coupled to the other end of the first inductor.

11. The RFID tag according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising an indication circuit, which is disposed on the printed circuit board together with the RFID circuit and the main processor circuit and is configured to be illuminated upon receiving an instruction for illuminating the RFID tag sent by a RFID reader, wherein: The indicating circuit includes an LED lamp and a sixth resistor. One end of the LED lamp is electrically coupled to one end of the sixth resistor, and the other end of the LED lamp is grounded. The other end of the sixth resistor is electrically coupled to the radio frequency chip in the radio frequency identification circuit.

12. The RFID tag according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a battery unit, which is arranged on the printed circuit board together with the RFID circuit and the main processor circuit, wherein One end of the battery unit is grounded, and the other end is electrically coupled to the radio frequency chip in the radio frequency identification circuit.

13. The RFID tag according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of pins disposed on the printed circuit board with the processing circuit and the first sensor circuit and including a pin configured to be electrically coupled to an external power source, an antenna, which is arranged on the printed circuit board with the plurality of pins, is located on a side of the processing circuit and the first sensor circuit away from the plurality of pins, and is configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by the radio frequency reader, wherein The antenna includes a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to a center line of the printed circuit board that points from the antenna to a plurality of pins.

14. The RFID tag according to claim 1, wherein In response to the data read request from the RFID reader, the response data from the RFID tag includes a header, a firmware version, a temperature value, a humidity value, a force value, and a quality of service.

15. A radio frequency identification system comprising: The radio frequency identification tag according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and A radio frequency reader is configured to send a data read request to the processing circuit, wherein The radio frequency reader is programmed to perform at least one of the following functions: Sending a data read request to the RFID tag; Automatically detect ports; Get product identification code; Sending a lighting instruction to the RFID tag to light up the RFID tag, thereby identifying the RFID tag; Reading data collected by the sensor from the memory of the processing circuit, or writing data collected by the sensor into the memory of the processing circuit; Decodes the data collected by the sensor into decimal values.

16. A radio frequency identification device, comprising: container; The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1 to 14, attached to the container.

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