System for producing oil-in-water emulsions

Abstract

A system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprises: a first input for connection to a fuel source (10) onboard the vehicle; a second input for connection to a water source (20); a third input for connection to a first additive source (30); a mixing section (50) for mixing water and the first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender (70) for mixing the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input end is connected to the stirrer; the second input end and the third input end are connected to the mixing part; and the mixing part is connected to the stirrer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion, in particular an oil-in-water emulsion that can be used as a fuel for a vehicle. The present invention also relates to the use of the system in producing an oil-in-water emulsion, a method for preparing an oil-in-water emulsion using the system, and a vehicle comprising the system. Background Art

[0002] Conventional heavy fuel oil is typically produced by blending viscous refinery residues with higher value distillate fuels to provide the lower viscosity characteristics required for acceptable fuel handling and combustion performance. The direct use of high viscosity refinery residues requires high temperature storage and handling, which limits and complicates their potential uses, thereby reducing their value. As an alternative to blending refinery residues for fuel oil production, the residues can be further processed (e.g., coking, hydrocracking, etc.) at the refinery to produce additional distillate fuels. This strategy requires significant capital investment by the refinery, produces some low-value products, generates by-products that are difficult to sell, and results in increased emissions (including greenhouse gases and acid gases), all of which limit the economic advantages of this approach. In addition, the combustion of conventional fuel oil is associated with key environmental issues (including emissions of black smoke, NOx, and SOx).

[0003] In contrast to conventional mixing or further processing of heavy fuel oil, oil-in-water emulsions can be used. WO 2017 / 077302 A2 and WO 2018 / 206963 A1 describe oil-in-water emulsions prepared on land, i.e. not on a vehicle or at sea. These emulsions require specific properties because they are made in large land-based refineries and then stored in tanks for long periods of time. For example, such oil-in-water emulsions have specific static and dynamic stability. This is necessary because such emulsions may be stored in multiple locations over a period of time and therefore need to have properties that allow them to be stored, pumped and transported at different temperatures without negatively affecting the properties of the emulsion. The systems for producing these emulsions must be very large to allow large amounts of input and output. Summary of the invention

[0004] In some aspects, the present invention relates to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprises: a first input end for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle; a second input end for connecting to a water source; a third input end for connecting to a first additive source; a mixing section for mixing water and a first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender for mixing the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input end is connected to the blender; the second input end and the third input end are connected to the mixing section; and the mixing section is connected to the blender.

[0005] In some aspects, the present invention relates to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprises: a first input end configured to receive a liquid at 50° C. and 100 s -1 a fuel source having a viscosity of less than about 1000 cP; a second input end for connecting to a water source; a third input end for connecting to a first additive source; a mixing portion for mixing water and the first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender for mixing the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input end is connected to the blender; the second input end and the third input end are connected to the mixing portion; and the mixing portion is connected to the blender.

[0006] In some embodiments, the fuel comprises bunker fuel, biofuel, bio-oil, residual fuel oil, and / or distillate fuel oil.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first additive is one or more first additives.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first input comprises a first auxiliary output for connecting to a fuel source on the vehicle; wherein the second input comprises a second auxiliary output for connecting to a water source; and / or wherein the third input comprises a third auxiliary output for connecting to the first additive source.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mixing section includes a mixer, optionally an in-line mixer.

[0010] In some embodiments: (i) the mixing section is directly connected to the blender; or (ii) the system includes an intermediate section, the mixing section is connected to the intermediate section, and the intermediate section is connected to the blender.

[0011] In some embodiments: (i) the first input is directly connected to the blender; or (ii) the system includes an intermediate portion, and the first input is connected to the intermediate portion, and the intermediate portion is connected to the blender.

[0012] In some embodiments, the intermediate section is configured to combine the fuel from the first input end and the water from the mixing section at a combining point; optionally, wherein the distance from the combining point to the mixer is less than about 0.1 m; optionally less than about 0.05 m or less than about 0.01 m.

[0013] In some embodiments, the mixer is a grinder, a mixer, or a homogenizer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the system includes an output for connection to a vehicle engine; optionally, the output is an output of a blender or is connected to an output of a blender. In some embodiments: (i) the output is for direct connection to the engine; or (ii) the system includes an intermediate output for connection to a vehicle engine, and the output is connected to the intermediate output. In some embodiments, the intermediate output includes a first container having an internal volume of about 10 liters to about 40,000 liters.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first container comprises a first container output for connection to a vehicle engine; optionally, wherein the first container output is connected to one or more of the intermediate section, the blender, the output, the first container and / or the intermediate output section.

[0016] In some embodiments, the intermediate output section comprises a second container having an internal volume of about 1 liter to about 100 liters; optionally, wherein the second container comprises a second container output end, the second container output end being connected to one or more of the intermediate section, the blender, the output end and / or the intermediate output section.

[0017] In some embodiments, the intermediate output portion includes one or more flow directors configured to allow the flow of fluid from the blender to be provided to the first container and / or the second container.

[0018] In some embodiments, the system includes a fourth input for connection to a second additive source and to the mixing section.

[0019] In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more heaters. In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more viscometers; optionally, the output end or intermediate output portion comprises a viscometer. In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more particle size analyzers; optionally, the output end or intermediate output portion comprises a particle size analyzer.

[0020] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more controllers configured to receive output from one or more of a flow conditioner, an agitator, a mixer, a pump, a heater, a viscometer, and / or a particle size analyzer, and to output control signals to one or more of the flow conditioner, an agitator, a mixer, a pump, a heater, a viscometer, and / or a particle size analyzer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the vehicle is a vessel, optionally a marine vessel.

[0022] In some embodiments, the system is configured to form an oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, the system is not configured to form a water-in-oil emulsion.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first input is connected to a fuel source onboard the vehicle; the second input is connected to a water source (eg, a water source onboard the vehicle); and / or the third input is connected to a first additive source (eg, onboard the vehicle).

[0024] In some aspects, the invention relates to a vehicle comprising a system described herein, optionally wherein the vehicle is a watercraft.

[0025] In some aspects, the invention relates to the use of the systems described herein to produce an oil-in-water emulsion on a vehicle, optionally wherein the vehicle is a boat.

[0026] In some aspects, the invention relates to methods of forming an oil-in-water emulsion using the systems described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion according to embodiments described herein.

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion according to embodiments described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention relates to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion, in particular an oil-in-water emulsion that can be used as a vehicle fuel. The present invention also relates to the use of the system in producing the oil-in-water emulsion, a method for preparing the oil-in-water emulsion using the system, and a vehicle comprising the system.

[0031] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprises: a first input end for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle; a second input end for connecting to a water source; a third input end for connecting to a first additive source; a mixing section for mixing water and a first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender for mixing the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input end is connected to the blender; the second input end and the third input end are connected to the mixing section; and the mixing section is connected to the blender.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprises: a first input end, which is configured to receive a fuel source having a viscosity of less than about 1000 cP at 50°C; a second input end, which is used to connect to a water source; a third input end, which is used to connect to a first additive source; a mixing section, which is used to mix water and a first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender, which is used to mix the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input end is connected to the blender; the second input end and the third input end are connected to the mixing section; and the mixing section is connected to the blender.

[0033] In some embodiments, the vehicle is a vessel. For example, the vehicle is a sea vessel. In some embodiments, the system is used on a vehicle. In some embodiments, the system is configured to be used on a vehicle. In some embodiments, the system is used to produce an oil-in-water emulsion on a vehicle.

[0034] The present invention allows the production of oil-in-water emulsions on board, which can be used to drive the engine of a vehicle. The present invention can be used in vehicles with limited free space, such as on ships (e.g., sea vessels). The present invention can be installed on a ship after the initial manufacture of the ship is completed. For example, the present invention can be retrofitted to a ship. In this case, the space is very limited. The present invention relates to a system that can be used in such a confined space.

[0035] Pre-mixer connection

[0036] In some embodiments, the first input end is a tubular member having an inner diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m, optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first input comprises an end for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle. In some embodiments, the first input comprises a first attachment for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle, wherein the first attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m (optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m).

[0038] In some embodiments, the first input includes an end for connecting to a blender (e.g., an input of a blender). In some embodiments, the first input is directly connected to the blender. For example, the first input includes an end for directly connecting to the blender. In some embodiments, the first input includes a first attachment for connecting to the blender, wherein the first attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m (optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m).

[0039] In an alternative embodiment, the system includes a middle section, and the first input end is connected to the middle section, and the middle section is connected to the blender. The middle section is located between the first input end and the blender. The middle section can be a tubular section or a non-tubular section. For example, the middle section can be a pipe or a container, such as a vessel or a tank.

[0040] In some embodiments, the second input end is a tubular member having an inner diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m, optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m. For example, the second input end has an inner diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.1 m.

[0041] In some embodiments, the second input comprises an end for connecting to a water source. In some embodiments, the second input comprises a second attachment for connecting to a water source, wherein the second attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m (optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m). For example, the second attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.1 m.

[0042] In some embodiments, the second input includes an end for connecting to a mixing section (e.g., an input of a mixing section). In some embodiments, the second input is directly connected to the mixing section. For example, the second input includes an end for directly connecting to the mixing section. In some embodiments, the second input includes a second attachment for connecting to the mixing section, wherein the second attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m (optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m). For example, the second attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.1 m.

[0043] In some embodiments, the third input end is a tubular member having an inner diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.05 m, optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.04 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.03 m.

[0044] In some embodiments, the third input comprises an end for connection to the first source of additives. In some embodiments, the third input comprises a second attachment for connection to the first source of additives, wherein the third attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.05 m (optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.04 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.03 m).

[0045] In some embodiments, the third input includes an end for connecting to a mixing section (e.g., an input of a mixing section). In some embodiments, the third input is directly connected to the mixing section. For example, the third input includes an end for directly connecting to the mixing section. In some embodiments, the third input includes a third attachment for connecting to the mixing section, wherein the third attachment has a diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.05 m (optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.04 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.03 m).

[0046] Mixed and intermediate parts

[0047] The mixing portion includes an end (e.g., an input end) for connecting to a second input end (e.g., for connecting to a second input end of the mixing portion). The mixing portion includes an end (e.g., an output end) for connecting to a blender (e.g., an input end of a blender). The mixing portion can be any mixing portion capable of mixing the first additive with water. For example, the mixing portion can be a pipe or a container, such as a vessel or a tank.

[0048] The mixing section is used to mix water from a water source and a first additive from a first additive source to form an aqueous phase. For example, the aqueous phase is a uniform aqueous phase. The mixing section can include a mixer, such as an inline mixer. The mixer can be a static mixer or a dynamic mixer. For example, a static mixer can be a static inline mixer. For example, a dynamic mixer can be a dynamic inline mixer. In some embodiments, the mixer can be a Denimo Tech A / S colloid mill, an ENH A / S colloid mill, a Dalworth colloid mill, or an IKA colloid mill. When the mixing section includes a mixer, the total volume of the mixing section can be reduced because the total residence time in the mixing section can be reduced. When the mixing section includes a dynamic mixer, the total volume of the mixing section can be further reduced because the total residence time in the mixing section can be further reduced.

[0049] The mixing section is connected to the blender. In some embodiments, the mixing section comprises an end (eg, an output end) for connecting to the blender (eg, an input end of the blender).

[0050] In some embodiments, the mixing section is directly connected to a blender. For example, the mixing section includes an end for being directly connected to a blender. In some embodiments, the mixing section includes an attachment for being connected to a blender. In alternative embodiments, the system includes a midsection, and the mixing section is connected to the midsection, and the midsection is connected to a blender. The midsection is between the mixing section and the blender.

[0051] The intermediate section is configured to allow the fuel from the first input to combine with the water from the mixing section and then provide the resulting fluid to the mixer. The resulting fluid is a combination of the fuel and water phases. The intermediate section can be a tubular section or a non-tubular section. For example, the intermediate section can be a pipe or a container, such as a vessel or a tank.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first input and the mixing part are connected to the (same) middle part. For example, the first input and the mixing part are connected to the middle part at the connection point. Alternatively, the first input is connected to the middle part at the first connection point, and the mixing part is connected to the middle part at the second connection point. In both cases, the fuel from the first input and the water phase from the mixing part are combined in the middle part. For example, the middle part is configured to combine the fuel from the first input and the water phase from the mixing part at the junction point. The middle part can be configured to allow a given volume of fuel from the first input to be combined with a given volume of water phase from the mixing part within a specific time period, and then the resulting combined fluid is provided to the mixer. The time period can be less than about 60 seconds; optionally less than about 30 seconds; preferably less than about 10 seconds. In some embodiments, the distance from the junction point to the mixer is less than about 0.1m; optionally less than about 0.05m; preferably less than about 0.01m. In this arrangement, the fuel and the water phase are combined so that they are suitable for mixing by a mixer to form a preferred oil-in-water emulsion.

[0053] Blender

[0054] The mixer is connected to the first input and the mixing section. For example, the mixer is directly connected to the first input and the mixing section. For example, the mixer is connected to the intermediate section.

[0055] The mixer is used to mix the water phase and the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion. For example, the mixer has a first input end for receiving the fuel from the first input end and a second input end for receiving the water phase from the mixing part. Alternatively, the mixer has an input end for receiving the fuel and the water phase from the middle part.

[0056] In some embodiments, the blender is configured to mix the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, the blender is not configured to form a water-in-oil emulsion.

[0057] The stirrer can be any stirrer that mixes the water phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, the stirrer is a grinder, a mixer or a homogenizer. For example, the stirrer can be a high shear stirrer, such as a high shear static mixer or a high speed rotating mixer. In some embodiments, the stirrer is a homogenizer. In some embodiments, the stirrer is a colloid mill.

[0058] Output

[0059] In some embodiments, the system includes an output for connecting to a vehicle engine. For example, the output is the output of a blender or is connected to the output of a blender. In some embodiments, the output is used to be directly connected to the engine. In some embodiments, the system includes an intermediate output portion for connecting to a vehicle engine, and the output is connected to the intermediate output portion.

[0060] The intermediate output section may include a first container. The first container is used to store the oil-in-water emulsion formed by the mixer. For example, the volume of the first container is sufficient to store a certain amount of oil-in-water emulsion, which allows the engine of the vehicle to operate at 100% of its design capacity (e.g., at its maximum continuous rated power) for about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes. This arrangement allows the system to operate effectively even when a part / section of the system needs to be shut down or turned off. For example, if a part fails, needs maintenance, or needs to reach a specific operating speed or capacity.

[0061] The first container may have an internal volume of about 10 liters to about 40,000 liters. The volume of the first container may correspond to the engine of the vehicle. For example, the volume of the first container may correspond to a specific engine capacity or engine output (MW). In this way, the system can be adjusted to be compatible with a specific vehicle and / or engine.

[0062] The engine of a vehicle (e.g., a sea vessel) can have a maximum continuous rated (MCR) engine capacity of about 0.1 megawatt to about 100 megawatts (MW). In a vehicle with an engine of a lower MCR engine capacity, the internal volume of the first container can be lower than that of a vehicle with an engine of a higher MCR engine capacity. For example, a typical high-speed four-stroke engine can have an MCR engine capacity of about 0.5MW. For example, a typical medium-speed four-stroke engine can have an MCR engine capacity of about 13MW. For example, a typical low-speed two-stroke engine can have an MCR engine capacity of about 45MW.

[0063] The size of the first container can be determined by a skilled person based on the number of engines to be provided with oil-in-water emulsion, the MCR engine capacity of the engines, and the amount of redundancy to be built into the system. In this regard, "redundancy" refers to the amount of time the engines should be able to be driven if the system does not produce additional oil-in-water emulsion (e.g., if a blender fails and does not produce oil-in-water emulsion for a period of time). This redundancy can be measured in minutes.

[0064] In some embodiments, the interior volume of the first container can be determined using Table 1.

[0065] Table 1:

[0066]

[0067] *The values ​​in the table have been rounded off at relevant calculation points.

[0068] In some embodiments, the first container has an internal volume of about 10 liters to about 40,000 liters; optionally between about 10 liters and 20,000 liters; between about 10 liters and about 10,000 liters; between about 10 liters and about 5,000 liters; between about 10 liters and about 1,000 liters; between about 10 liters and about 500 liters; or between about 10 liters and about 250 liters.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first container has an internal volume of about 10 liters to about 40,000 liters; optionally between about 100 liters and 30,000 liters; between about 100 liters and about 20,000 liters; between about 200 liters and about 20,000 liters; or between about 500 liters and about 20,000 liters.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first container has an internal volume of about 10 liters to about 40,000 liters; optionally between about 100 liters and 40,000 liters; between about 1,000 liters and about 40,000 liters; between about 5,000 liters and about 40,000 liters; between about 10,000 liters and about 40,000 liters; or between about 20,000 liters and about 40,000 liters.

[0071] In some embodiments, the internal volume of the first container described herein is multiplied by a factor selected from about 1 to about 2; for example, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6. Preferably, the internal volume of the first container described herein is multiplied by a factor of 1.1 or 1.2. In such an embodiment, the first container may contain a volume of oil-in-water emulsion sufficient to supply other engines. For example, if the vehicle includes two or more main engines and / or one or more auxiliary engines.

[0072] The first container may include a first container input for receiving the oil-in-water emulsion formed by the blender. The first container may include a first container output for connecting to the vehicle engine. The first container output may also be connected to one or more of the middle section, blender, output and / or middle output section. Preferably, the first container output is connected to one or more of the middle section, blender and / or output. For example, the first container output is connected to the middle section or blender; preferably connected to the middle section. When the oil-in-water emulsion in the first container is not provided to the engine, this arrangement allows the oil-in-water emulsion to be provided to one or more of the middle section, blender, output and / or middle output section. This makes the system compact and allows the system to operate with very little down-regulation. This allows the operator of the system to keep the blender running at high turnover for a long time, with little down-regulation, even when the vehicle engine does not need the oil-in-water emulsion (thereby reducing the inefficiency associated with changing the operating capacity / speed of the blender). Furthermore, this allows the oil-in-water emulsion in the first container to mix with fluid from earlier stages in the process, thereby ensuring that the oil-in-water emulsion provided to the engine has consistent quality / consistent properties over time.

[0073] Alternatively, the first container may comprise a further first container output connected to one or more of the intermediate portion, the blender, the output and / or the intermediate output portion.

[0074] The intermediate output portion may include a second container. The second container may have an internal volume of about 1 liter to about 1000 liters; optionally between about 1 liter and 500 liters; for example, between 1 liter and 100 liters. The second container is used to store the fluid produced by the blender. For example, the volume of the second container is sufficient to store the amount of fluid required to start the blender. Alternatively, the volume of the first container is sufficient to store a certain amount of oil-in-water emulsion produced by the blender, but the emulsion has the property of not requiring the vehicle engine to be running at a specific time. This arrangement allows the system to provide an optimal oil-in-water emulsion over a long period of time.

[0075] The intermediate output portion may include one or more flow directors configured to allow the fluid flow from the blender to be provided to the first container and / or the second container. Each flow director is connected to the output end and one or each of the first container and the second container. Each flow director may be a valve, such as a switch valve, alone. Each flow director may be one or more flow regulators alone.

[0076] In some embodiments, the second container includes a second container output end, and the second container output end is connected to one or more of the midsection, the blender, the output end, the first container and / or the intermediate output section. Preferably, the second container includes a second container output end, and the second container output end is connected to one or more of the midsection, the blender and / or the output end. The second container output end is alternatively connected to an outlet, for example, for removing the fluid in the second container from the system, so as to store and dispose of it later. For example, the second container output end can be connected to a storage tank.

[0077] In some embodiments, the intermediate output portion includes one or more intermediate output portion valves, one or more intermediate output portion flow regulators and / or one or more intermediate output portion pumps. For example, the intermediate output portion includes an intermediate output portion pump and / or an intermediate output portion flow regulator between the first container output end and / or other first container output ends and one or more of the middle part, agitator, output end and / or the intermediate output portion. Preferably, the intermediate output portion includes an intermediate output portion pump and / or an intermediate output portion flow regulator between the first container output end and / or other first container output ends and one or more of the middle part, agitator and / or output end.

[0078] In some embodiments, the intermediate output portion includes an intermediate output portion pump and / or an intermediate output portion flow regulator located between the second container output end and one or more of the intermediate portion, the blender, the output end, the first container and / or the intermediate output portion. Preferably, the intermediate output portion includes an intermediate output portion pump and / or an intermediate output portion flow regulator located between the second container output end and one or more of the intermediate portion, the blender and / or the output end.

[0079] MSAR fuel unit

[0080] In some embodiments, the system includes an output regulating part. The output regulating part can be connected to one or more of a blender, an output terminal and / or an intermediate output part, and is used to be connected to the engine of a vehicle. For example, the output regulating part is connected to the first container / other first container output terminals, and is used to be connected to the engine of a vehicle. The output regulating part can be located between the blender and the vehicle engine. For example, the output regulating part can be located between the first container / other first container output terminals and the vehicle engine.

[0081] The output adjustment portion is configured to adjust one or more properties of the oil-in-water emulsion. Thus, the output adjustment portion allows the oil-in-water emulsion to be adjusted for use with a specific engine on a vehicle. This is very important for vehicles with multiple engines, as each engine requires a fuel with different properties. The output adjustment portion also allows a user of the system to adjust the properties of the oil-in-water emulsion so that the oil-in-water emulsion is particularly suitable for a specific engine of a vehicle.

[0082] The output regulating part may include an input, one or more pumps, one or more flow regulators, one or more containers, one or more heaters and / or one or more outputs. For example, the output regulating part includes an input, a flow regulator, a container, a pump, a heater and an output. Preferably, the input is connected to the output of the first container / other first container output and the flow regulator; the flow regulator is connected to the input and the container; the container is connected to the flow regulator and the pump; the pump is connected to the container and the heater; the heater is connected to the container and the output; and the output is connected to the heater and is used to be connected to the engine of the vehicle. In addition, the output regulating part may include a pump located between the input and the flow regulator. In some embodiments, the output regulating part does not include a flow regulator connected to the input and the container. In such an embodiment, the container may include a flow regulator. The flow regulator may include a float switch.

[0083] In some embodiments, the container of the output conditioning section has a volume of about 1 liter to about 100 liters; optionally between about 1 liter and 50 liters; for example between 1 liter and 10 liters. In some embodiments, the container is a degassing tank.

[0084] In some embodiments, the output regulating portion has other inputs for connecting to the output of the engine on the vehicle. The other inputs can be connected to a container. In this arrangement, fluid in the vehicle engine can be provided to the output regulating portion to avoid mixing of the fluid with other fluid types / fluid sources on the vehicle.

[0085] First input component

[0086] In some embodiments, the first input includes one or more first flow regulators, preferably located between the fuel source on the vehicle and the blender. For example, the first input may include one or more first flow regulators located between the end of the first input for connecting to the fuel source on the vehicle and the blender. For example, the first input may include 1, 2, 3 or more first flow regulators. Preferably, the first input includes 1 or 2 first flow regulators. For example, the first input includes 1 first flow regulator. For example, the first of the one or more first flow regulators may include a valve, and the second of the one or more first flow regulators may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0087] In some embodiments, the first input includes one or more first pumps, preferably located between the fuel source on the vehicle and the blender. For example, the first input may include one or more first pumps between the end of the first input for connecting to the fuel source on the vehicle and the blender. For example, the first input may include 1, 2, 3 or more first pumps. Preferably, the first input includes 1 or 2 first pumps. For example, the first input includes 1 first pump.

[0088] In some embodiments, one of the one or more first pumps is located between an end of the first input for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle and one of the one or more first flow regulators. For example, the first input includes a first pump located between an end of the first input for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle and the first flow regulator. The first flow regulator is located between the first pump and the agitator.

[0089] In some embodiments, the one or more first pumps are located between a first one of the one or more first flow regulators and a second one of the one or more first flow regulators. In some embodiments, the one or more first pumps are located between a first one of the one or more first flow regulators and a stirrer. For example, the first one of the one or more first flow regulators may include a valve and the first pump may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first input includes a first auxiliary output for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle. For example, the first auxiliary output includes a tubular member for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle. The first auxiliary output allows the fuel from the fuel source on a vehicle that has entered the first input to be provided back to the fuel source on the vehicle. This arrangement reduces the demand for other tanks for storing the fuel that has entered the first input when the fuel is not provided to the blender. The first auxiliary output can be located at any position in the system that allows it to provide the purpose. For example, the first auxiliary output can be located between one of the one or more first pumps and one of the one or more first flow regulators.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first input includes a first pump between a first first flow regulator and a second first flow regulator. The first first flow regulator may be located between an end of the first input for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle and the first pump. The second first flow regulator may be located between the first pump and the blender. The first auxiliary output may be located between the first pump and the second first flow regulator.

[0092] Second input component

[0093] In some embodiments, the second input includes one or more second flow regulators, preferably between the water source and the mixing section. For example, the second input may include one or more second flow regulators between the end of the second input for connecting to the water source and the mixing section. For example, the second input may include 1, 2, 3 or more second flow regulators. Preferably, the second input includes 1 or 2 second flow regulators. For example, the second input includes 1 second flow regulator. For example, the first of the one or more second flow regulators may include a valve, and the second of the one or more second flow regulators may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0094] In some embodiments, the second input includes one or more second pumps, preferably between the water source and the mixing section. For example, the second input may include one or more second pumps between the end of the second input for connecting to the water source and the mixing section. For example, the second input may include 1, 2, 3 or more second pumps. Preferably, the second input includes 1 or 2 second pumps. For example, the second input includes 1 second pump.

[0095] In some embodiments, one of the one or more second pumps is located between the end of the second input for connecting to the water source and one of the one or more second flow regulators. For example, the second input includes a second pump located between the end of the second input for connecting to the water source and the second flow regulator. The second flow regulator is located between the second pump and the mixing portion.

[0096] In some embodiments, the one or more second pumps are located between a first one of the one or more second flow regulators and a second one of the one or more second flow regulators. In some embodiments, the one or more second pumps are located between a first one of the one or more second flow regulators and the mixing section. For example, the first one of the one or more second flow regulators may include a valve and the second pump may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0097] In some embodiments, the second input includes a second auxiliary output for connecting to the water source on the vehicle. For example, the second auxiliary output includes a tubular member for connecting to the water source. The second auxiliary output allows the water from the water source that has entered the second input to be provided back to the water source. This arrangement reduces the demand for other tanks for storing the water that has entered the second input when water is not provided to the mixing part. The second auxiliary output can be located in the system allowing it to provide the purpose anywhere. For example, the second auxiliary output can be located between one of the one or more second pumps and one of the one or more second flow regulators. For example, the second auxiliary output can be located between the second pump and the second flow regulator.

[0098] In some embodiments, the second input includes a second pump between the first second flow regulator and the second second flow regulator. The first second flow regulator can be located between the end of the second input for connecting to the water source and the second pump. The second second flow regulator can be located between the second pump and the mixing section. The second auxiliary output can be located between the second pump and the second second flow regulator.

[0099] Third input component

[0100] In some embodiments, the third input includes one or more third flow regulators, preferably located between the first additive source and the mixing section. For example, the third input may include one or more third flow regulators located between the end of the third input for connecting to the first additive source and the mixing section. For example, the third input may include 1, 2, 3 or more third flow regulators. Preferably, the third input includes 1 or 2 third flow regulators. For example, the third input includes 1 third flow regulator. For example, the first of the one or more third flow regulators may include a valve, and the second of the one or more third flow regulators may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0101] In some embodiments, the third input includes one or more third pumps, preferably located between the first source of additives and the mixing section. For example, the third input may include one or more third pumps located between the end of the third input for connection to the first source of additives and the mixing section. For example, the third input may include 1, 2, 3 or more third pumps. Preferably, the third input includes 1 or 2 third pumps. For example, the third input includes 1 third pump.

[0102] In some embodiments, one of the one or more third pumps is located between the end of the third input for connecting to the first additive source and one of the one or more third flow regulators. For example, the third input includes a third pump located between the end of the third input for connecting to the first additive source and the third flow regulator. The third flow regulator is located between the third pump and the mixing section.

[0103] In some embodiments, the one or more third pumps are located between a first one of the one or more third flow regulators and a second one of the one or more third flow regulators. In some embodiments, the one or more third pumps are located between a first one of the one or more third flow regulators and the mixing section. For example, the first one of the one or more third flow regulators may include a valve and the third pump may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0104] In some embodiments, the third input includes a third auxiliary output for connecting to the first additive source. For example, the third auxiliary output includes a tubular member for connecting to the first additive source. The third auxiliary output allows the first additive from the first additive source that has entered the third input to be provided back to the first additive source. This arrangement reduces the demand for other tanks for storing the first additive that has entered the third input when the first additive is not provided to the mixing part. The third auxiliary output can be located in any position in the system that allows it to provide the purpose. For example, the third auxiliary output can be located between one of the one or more third pumps and one of the one or more third flow regulators. For example, the third auxiliary output can be located between the third pump and the third flow regulator.

[0105] In some embodiments, the third input includes a third pump between the first third flow regulator and the second third flow regulator. The first third flow regulator can be located between the end of the third input for connecting to the first additive source and the third pump. The second third flow regulator can be located between the third pump and the mixing section. The third auxiliary output can be located between the third pump and the second third flow regulator.

[0106] Fourth input component

[0107] In some embodiments, the system includes a fourth input for connecting to the second additive source and to the mixing section. When the system includes a fourth input connected to the mixing section, the mixer is used to mix water from the water source with the first additive from the first additive source and the second additive from the second additive source to form an aqueous phase.

[0108] In some embodiments, the fourth input end is a tubular member having an inner diameter of about 0.01 m to about 0.5 m; optionally about 0.01 m to about 0.2 m; preferably about 0.01 m to about 0.15 m.

[0109] In some embodiments, the fourth input includes one or more fourth flow regulators, preferably located between the second additive source and the mixing section. For example, the fourth input may include one or more fourth flow regulators located between the end of the fourth input for connecting to the second additive source and the mixing section. For example, the fourth input may include 1, 2, 3 or more fourth flow regulators. Preferably, the fourth input includes 1 or 2 fourth flow regulators. For example, the fourth input includes 1 fourth flow regulator. For example, the first of the one or more fourth flow regulators may include a valve, and the second of the one or more fourth flow regulators may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0110] In some embodiments, the fourth input includes one or more fourth pumps, preferably located between the second source of additives and the mixing section. For example, the fourth input may include one or more fourth pumps located between the end of the fourth input for connection to the second source of additives and the mixing section. For example, the fourth input may include 1, 2, 3 or more fourth pumps. Preferably, the fourth input includes 1 or 2 fourth pumps. For example, the fourth input includes 1 fourth pump.

[0111] In some embodiments, one of the one or more fourth pumps is located between the end of the fourth input for connecting to the second additive source and one of the one or more fourth flow regulators. For example, the fourth input includes a fourth pump located between the end of the fourth input for connecting to the second additive source and the fourth flow regulator. The fourth flow regulator is located between the fourth pump and the mixing section.

[0112] In some embodiments, the one or more fourth pumps are located between a first one of the one or more fourth flow regulators and a second one of the one or more fourth flow regulators. In some embodiments, the one or more fourth pumps are located between a first one of the one or more fourth flow regulators and the mixing section. For example, the first one of the one or more fourth flow regulators may include a valve and the fourth pump may include a variable frequency drive pump.

[0113] In some embodiments, the fourth input includes a fourth auxiliary output for connecting to the second additive source. For example, the fourth auxiliary output includes a tubular member for connecting to the second additive source. The fourth auxiliary output allows the second additive from the second additive source that has entered the fourth input to be provided back to the second additive source. This arrangement reduces the demand for other tanks for storing the second additive that has entered the fourth input when the second additive is not provided to the mixing part. The fourth auxiliary output can be located in any position in the system that allows it to provide the purpose. For example, the fourth auxiliary output can be located between one of one or more fourth pumps and one of one or more fourth flow regulators. For example, the fourth auxiliary output can be located between the fourth pump and the fourth flow regulator.

[0114] In some embodiments, the fourth input includes a fourth pump between the first fourth flow regulator and the second fourth flow regulator. The first fourth flow regulator may be located between the end of the fourth input for connecting to the second additive source and the fourth pump. The second fourth flow regulator may be located between the fourth pump and the mixing section. The fourth auxiliary output may be located between the fourth pump and the second fourth flow regulator.

[0115] Fifth input component

[0116] In some embodiments, the system includes a fifth input for connection to the third additive source and to the mixing section. When the system includes a fifth input connected to the mixing section, the mixer is used to mix water from the water source with the first additive from the first additive source and the third additive from the third additive source (and optionally the second additive from the second additive source) to form an aqueous phase.

[0117] Sixth input component

[0118] In some embodiments, the system includes a sixth input for connection to a fourth additive source and to the mixing portion. When the system includes a sixth input connected to the mixing portion, the mixer is used to mix water from the water source with the first additive from the first additive source and the fourth additive from the fourth additive source (and optionally the second additive from the second additive source and / or the third additive from the third additive source) to form an aqueous phase.

[0119] Auxiliary input

[0120] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more auxiliary inputs for connecting to one or more of the first input, the second input, the third input, the intermediate section, the mixing section, the blender, the output, the intermediate output section, and / or the output regulation section.

[0121] Other Components

[0122] Heater

[0123] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more heaters. For example, each heater can be a steam heater, a condensing heater or an electric heater.

[0124] According to the needs of the system, the heater can be included in any part of the system. For example, the heater can be included in the first input, the second input, the third input, the fourth input, the fifth input, the sixth input and / or any or all auxiliary inputs. In some embodiments, each of the mixing part, the middle part, the blender, the output, the intermediate output part and / or the output regulating part can include a heater separately. In some embodiments, one or more of the containers of the first container, the second container and / or the output regulating part include a heater. In a preferred embodiment, each of the containers of the first container, the second container and / or the output regulating part includes a heater.

[0125] In some embodiments, one or more of the fuel source, the first additive source, the water source, and / or the second additive source comprises one or more heaters. Preferably, each of the fuel source, the first additive source, the water source, and the second additive source comprises one or more heaters.

[0126] When the system includes one or more heaters, the system can more efficiently produce the oil-in-water emulsion.

[0127] Viscometer

[0128] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more viscometers. According to the needs of the system, the viscometer can be included in any part of the system. Optionally, the system includes a viscometer between a stirrer and a vehicle engine. For example, a viscometer can be included in the first input, the second input, the third input, the fourth input, the fifth input, the sixth input or any or all auxiliary inputs. In some embodiments, each of the mixing part, the middle part, the stirrer, the output, the middle output part and / or the output regulating part can include a viscometer separately. In some embodiments, the output or the middle output part can include a viscometer. Optionally, the output regulating part includes a viscometer. Preferably, the system includes a viscometer between a stirrer and the first container and / or the second container.

[0129] A skilled person can select a viscometer suitable for use in the system portion containing the viscometer. In some embodiments, each viscometer can be individually selected from the Anton-Paar L-vis product line, the Brookfield Fast product line, and / or the Emerson micro motion Coriolis flow meter product line.

[0130] Particle size analyzer

[0131] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more particle size analyzers. According to the needs of the system, the particle size analyzer can be included in any part of the system. Optionally, the system includes a particle size analyzer between the blender and the vehicle engine. For example, the particle size analyzer can be included in the first input, the second input, the third input, the fourth input, the fifth input, the sixth input, or any or all auxiliary inputs. In some embodiments, each of the mixing part, the middle part, the blender, the output, the middle output part, and / or the output adjustment part can include a particle size analyzer individually. In some embodiments, the output or the middle output part can include a particle size analyzer. Optionally, the output adjustment part includes a particle size analyzer. Preferably, the system includes a particle size analyzer between the blender and the first container and / or the second container.

[0132] The skilled person may select a particle size analyzer suitable for use as part of a system in which it is included. In some embodiments, each particle size analyzer may be individually selected from the Malvern Insitec product line, the Metter Toledo ParticleTrack product line, and / or the Jorin online particle analyzer.

[0133] Controller

[0134] In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more controllers, and this controller is configured to receive one or more outputs from flow regulator, stirrer, mixer, pump, heater, viscometer and / or particle size analyzer, and to one or more output control signals in flow regulator, stirrer, mixer, pump, heater, viscometer and / or particle size analyzer.In a preferred embodiment, the controller is configured to receive the output from the viscometer, and to one or more output control signals in pump, flow regulator, mixer and / or stirrer.The system that comprises this controller allows the real-time regulation of oil-in-water emulsion.That is, when system comprises controller, the performance of oil-in-water emulsion can be regulated so that it is particularly suitable for motor.For example, the performance of oil-in-water emulsion can be regulated so that they are particularly suitable for the running conditions of specific motor or motor.

[0135] In some embodiments, controller is configured to receive the output from emission sensor, and to one or more output control signals in flow regulator, agitator, mixer, pump, heater, viscometer and / or particle size analyzer. In a preferred embodiment, controller is configured to receive the output from emission sensor, and to one or more output control signals in pump, flow regulator, mixer and / or agitator. In some embodiments, emission sensor can be one or more selected from oxygen sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, NOx sensor or sulfur sensor. The system comprising this controller allows the real-time regulation of oil-in-water emulsion. That is, when system comprises controller, the performance of oil-in-water emulsion can be regulated to allow engine to discharge gas with specific emission curve.

[0136] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive the output from the engine sensor (for example, the engine cylinder pressure sensor), and to one or more output control signals in a flow regulator, agitator, a mixer, a pump, a heater, a viscometer and / or a particle size analyzer. In a preferred embodiment, the controller is configured to receive the output from the engine sensor, and to one or more output control signals in a pump, a flow regulator, a mixer and / or a mixer. The system comprising this controller allows the real-time regulation of the oil-in-water emulsion. That is, when the system includes a controller, the performance of the oil-in-water emulsion can be regulated, thereby regulating the specific operation load of the engine.

[0137] Input source

[0138] The fuel source on the vehicle can be any fuel source on the vehicle. The purpose of the fuel source on the vehicle is to store a certain amount of fuel. For example, the fuel source on the vehicle can be a container, such as a tank. In some embodiments, the fuel source on the vehicle is two or more containers, such as 2 or 3 or 4 containers. Each container can have about 1×10 4 Increase to about 1×10 7 In such a system, the first input end for connecting to the fuel source on the vehicle can be used to connect to any or each container. In a preferred embodiment, the fuel source on the vehicle is a single container. In some embodiments, the fuel source on the vehicle includes a valve. Preferably, the fuel source on the vehicle includes a valve between the output end and the first input end of the fuel source on the vehicle.

[0139] The water source can be any water source. The purpose of the water source is to store a certain amount of water. For example, the water source can be a container, such as a tank. In some embodiments, the water source is two or more containers, such as 2 or 3 or 4 containers. Each container can have about 1×10 3 Increase to about 1×10 7 The volume of liters. In such a system, the second input end for connecting to the water source can be used to connect to any or each container. In a preferred embodiment, the water source is a single container. In some embodiments, the water source includes a valve. Preferably, the water source includes a valve between the water source output end and the second input end.

[0140] The first additive source can be any first additive source. The purpose of the first additive source is to store a certain volume of the first additive. For example, the first additive source can be a first additive container, such as a tank. In some embodiments, the first additive source is a single first additive container. In some embodiments, the first additive source is two or more first additive containers, such as 2, 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 first additive containers. In such a system, the second input end for connecting to the first additive source can be used to connect to any one or each of the two or more first additive containers. In some embodiments, the first additive source includes a valve. Preferably, the first additive source includes a valve between the output end and the third input end of the first additive source. For example, one or more of the two or more first additive containers include a valve between the output end and the third input end of the corresponding first additive container. For example, each of the two or more first additive containers includes a valve between the output end and the third input end of the corresponding first additive container.

[0141] Each first additive container may individually have a volume of greater than about 200 liters (optionally greater than about 500 liters, greater than about 1000 liters, or greater than about 2000 liters). Each first additive container may individually have a volume of about 200 liters to about 5000 liters (about 200 liters to about 2000 liters; about 200 liters to about 1000 liters). Each first additive container may individually have a volume of about 200 liters to about 5000 liters (about 500 liters to about 5000 liters; about 1000 liters to about 5000 liters; or about 2000 liters to about 5000 liters).

[0142] In some embodiments, when the first additive source is two or more first additive containers, each of the two or more first additive containers can be used to store a certain volume of the first additive. For example, each of the two or more first additive containers can be used to store a certain volume of different first additives. That is, the first additive can be one or more first additives. In such an embodiment, the system allows different first additives to be stored separately. For example, each different first additive can be stored in a different first additive container. In this way, problems associated with premixing of additives can be avoided.

[0143] When the first additive source is two or more first additive containers, the second input end can be used to connect to each of the two or more first additive containers. In such an embodiment, the second input end can be used to directly connect to each of the two or more first additive containers. That is, the second input end can be connected to each of the two or more first additive containers.

[0144] When the first additive source is two or more first additive containers, the second input end can be used to connect to each of the two or more containers through two or more container linking parts. That is, the second input end is connected to each of two or more corresponding container linking parts, and the corresponding container linking parts are used to connect to two or more corresponding first additive containers.

[0145] For example, the second input end can be connected to a first first additive container linking portion for connecting a first first additive container; the second input end can be connected to a second first additive container linking portion for connecting a second first additive container; the second input end can be connected to a third first additive container linking portion for connecting a third first additive container; the second input end can be connected to a fourth first additive container linking portion for connecting a fourth first additive container; and / or the second input end can be connected to a fifth first additive container linking portion for connecting a fifth first additive container.

[0146] Each first first additive container linking portion; second first additive container linking portion; third first additive container linking portion; fourth first additive container linking portion; and / or fifth first additive container linking portion may be individually connected to a corresponding first additive container and a second input.

[0147] The purpose of each first first additive container linking portion; second first additive container linking portion; third first additive container linking portion; fourth first additive container linking portion; and / or fifth first additive container linking portion is to provide a fluid connection between the respective first additive container and the second input.

[0148] Each first first additive container linking portion; second first additive container linking portion; third first additive container linking portion; fourth first additive container linking portion; and / or fifth first additive container linking portion may individually include one or more flow regulators. Each first first additive container linking portion; second first additive container linking portion; third first additive container linking portion; fourth first additive container linking portion; and / or fifth first additive container linking portion may individually include one or more pumps.

[0149] Each of the first first additive container linking portion; the second first additive container linking portion; the third first additive container linking portion; the fourth first additive container linking portion; and / or the fifth first additive container linking portion may be a tubular or non-tubular portion, such as a pipe or a container.

[0150] Each first first additive container linking portion; second first additive container linking portion; third first additive container linking portion; fourth first additive container linking portion; and / or fifth first additive container linking portion may include an auxiliary output portion for connecting to a corresponding first additive container. Each auxiliary output allows a corresponding first additive from a corresponding first additive container that has entered the corresponding first additive container linking portion to be provided back to the corresponding first additive container.

[0151] The second additive source can be any second additive source. The purpose of the second additive source is to store a certain volume of the second additive. For example, the second additive source can be a second additive container, such as a tank. In some embodiments, the second additive source is a single second additive container. In some embodiments, the second additive source is two or more second additive containers, such as 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 second additive containers. In such a system, the fourth input end for connecting to the second additive source can be used to connect to any one or each of the two or more second additive containers. In some embodiments, the second additive source includes a valve. Preferably, the second additive source includes a valve between the output end and the fourth input end of the second additive source. For example, one or more of the two or more second additive containers include a valve between the output end and the fourth input end of the corresponding second additive container. For example, each of the two or more first additive containers includes a valve between the output end and the fourth input end of the corresponding second additive container.

[0152] Each second additive container may individually have a volume greater than about 1000 liters (optionally greater than about 10,000 liters, about 100,000 liters, or about 1,000,000 liters). Each second additive container may individually have a volume of about 1000 liters to about 10,000 liters (about 1000 liters to about 100,000 liters; about 1000 liters to about 1,000,000 liters; or about 1000 liters to about 10,000,000 liters). Each second additive container may individually have a volume of about 1000 liters to about 50,000 liters (about 5,000 liters to about 500,000 liters; about 1,000 liters to about 50,000 liters; or about 2,000 liters to about 50,000 liters).

[0153] fuel

[0154] The fuel of the fuel source on the vehicle can be any fuel for driving an engine. For example, the fuel can be suitable for driving a main engine or one or more auxiliary engines.

[0155] Fuel can include one or more hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, fuel includes marine fuel, biofuel, bio-oil, residual fuel oil and / or distillate fuel oil. For example, fuel can be lignin bio-oil or pyrolysis oil. In some embodiments, fuel is composed of marine fuel, biofuel, bio-oil, residual fuel oil and / or distillate fuel oil. For example, fuel can be composed of lignin bio-oil or pyrolysis oil.

[0156] The fuel is heated at 50°C and 100s -1 The dynamic viscosity of the present invention may be less than about 1000 cP at 50°C and 100 s -1 less than about 700 cP; optionally at 50 ° C and 100 s -1 Below is less than about 500cP.

[0157] In some embodiments, the fuel is heated at 150°C for 100 s -1 The dynamic viscosity of the composite material can be less than about 1000 cP at 150°C and 100 s -1 less than about 500 cP; optionally at 150 ° C and 100 s -1 less than about 400 cP; optionally at 150 ° C and 100 s -1 Below is less than about 300 cP.

[0158] In some embodiments, the fuel is heated at 100°C and 100 s -1 For example, at 25°C and 100s -1 1cP or more at 100℃ and 100s -1 For example, at 25°C and 100s -1 180 cP or more, preferably at 25°C and 100 s -1 The lower limit is 250cP or higher.

[0159] Use standard techniques and equipment (e.g. Malvern Kinexus TM )Measurement of dynamic viscosity, Malvern Kinexus TM Viscosity is measured under controlled temperature and shear rate.

[0160] water

[0161] The water from the water source can come from a variety of sources. For example, the water can be water from a drinking water source on a vehicle. For example, the water can come from a reverse osmosis device. For example, the water can be deionized water. Table 2 gives examples of water specifications that can be used.

[0162] Table 2: Examples of water specifications for oil-in-water emulsion production

[0163] parameter value Suspended Solids Less than 10mg / L, and filtered to 35μm Chloride, mg / L Less than 50 Alkali metal, mg / L Less than 20 Alkaline earth metals, mg / L Less than 30 <![CDATA[Silicon, such as SiO2, mg / L]]> Less than 40 pH 6.5 to 8 Total hardness Maximum 6°dH

[0164] Optionally, the water may be pre-treated, for example by filtration and / or deionization. In some embodiments, the water content of the oil-in-water emulsion of the present invention may be in the range of trace amounts to 40 wt%, typically in the range of 5 wt% to 30 wt%. Preferably, the water content is in the range of 5 wt% to 15 wt%.

[0165] additive

[0166] The first additive may be one or more first additives. Each first additive may be individually selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a polymer stabilizer, a flow improver, an acid, an alcohol, and a mixture thereof. Each of the second additive, the third additive, and the fourth additive may be individually selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a polymer stabilizer, a flow improver, an acid, an alcohol, and a mixture thereof.

[0167] Surfactants

[0168] The surfactant may be present in an amount of 0.05 wt% to 0.6 wt% of the oil-in-water emulsion. The purpose of the surfactant is to act as an emulsifier, stabilizing the oil phase droplets of the aqueous phase. A surfactant in the range of 0.05 wt% to 0.5 wt% may be used, for example 0.08 wt% to 0.4 wt%.

[0169] Many surfactants can be used. There can be one surfactant or a combination of more than one surfactant. At least one surfactant, and optionally all surfactants, can be selected from one or more of the following:

[0170] Fatty alkylamines according to the formula;

[0171] R a -[NH(CH2) m ] p -NH2

[0172] in;

[0173] R a is an aliphatic group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-22 or 22-24 carbon atoms);

[0174] m is a number of 2 or 3;

[0175] p is a number from 0 to 3;

[0176] Ethoxylated fatty alkyl amines according to the formula;

[0177]

[0178] in;

[0179] R b is an aliphatic group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-22 or 22-24 carbon atoms);

[0180] m is the number 2 or 3;

[0181] p is a number from 1 to 3;

[0182] n1, n2 and n3 are each independently a number greater than 0 and in the range of 70, for example, a number in the range of 2 to 70, or 3 to 70. In one embodiment, n1+n2+n3 is a number greater than 0 and at most 210. Each of n1, n2 and n3 may or may not be an integer;

[0183] Ethoxylated fatty alkyl monoamine according to the formula;

[0184]

[0185] in;

[0186] R c is an aliphatic group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-22 or 22-24 carbon atoms);

[0187] Each of m1 and m2 is a number in the range of greater than 0 to at most 70, for example, a number in the range of 2 to 70, or 3 to 70. In one embodiment, m1+m2 is a number greater than 0 and at most 140. Each of m1 and m2 may or may not be an integer;

[0188] Methylated fatty alkyl monoamine according to the formula;

[0189]

[0190] in;

[0191] Group R 1 , R 2 and R 3 One or two of the are each independently selected from an aliphatic group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms (preferably 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20 or 20-22 carbon atoms);

[0192] R 1 , R 2 and R 3 The remaining group is methyl;

[0193] Methylated fatty alkylamine according to the formula;

[0194]

[0195] in;

[0196] Group R 1 To R 5 One or two of the are independently selected from aliphatic groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms (preferably 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20 or 20-22 carbon atoms);

[0197] R 1 To R 5 The remaining group is methyl;

[0198] n is an integer from 1 to 5;

[0199] m is 2 or 3;

[0200] or a methylated fatty alkylamine according to the formula:

[0201]

[0202] in;

[0203] Group R 1 To R 7 One or two of the following are each selected from aliphatic groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms (preferably 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20 or 20-22 carbon atoms);

[0204] R 1 To R 7 The remaining group is methyl;

[0205] m is 2 or 3;

[0206] y and z are integers from 0 to 4, and (y+z) is from 0 to 4;

[0207] or a methylated fatty alkylamine according to the formula:

[0208]

[0209] in;

[0210] Group R 1 To R 7 One or two of is an aliphatic group containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms (preferably 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20 or 20-22 carbon atoms);

[0211] R 1 To R 7 The remaining group is methyl;

[0212] m is 2 or 3;

[0213] t is 0 to 3;

[0214] r and s are 1 to 4, and (t+r+s) is 2 to 5;

[0215] and;

[0216] Quaternary fatty alkylamine according to the formula;

[0217]

[0218] in;

[0219] R 1 is an aliphatic group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-22 or 22-24 carbon atoms), for example -(CH2) y -CH3, optionally containing a carbonyl group adjacent to the nitrogen atom, i.e. -C(O)-(CH2) (y-1) -CH3, wherein y is 10 to 22 (preferably y is 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20 or 20-22);

[0220] R 2 and R 3 is independently selected at each occurrence from H or an aliphatic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom);

[0221] R 4 Select from H or C 1-4 aliphatic groups;

[0222] m is 2 or 3;

[0223] t is 0 to 4;

[0224] A is an anion;

[0225] n is the valence of the anion.

[0226] The aliphatic groups mentioned in the above formula, including those containing a carbonyl group, may generally be optionally replaced by one or more (e.g. 1 to 3) independently selected from hydroxyl, C 1-3 Alkyl, C 1-3 Alkoxy or C 1-3Preferably, the aliphatic group is substituted with a substituent of the hydroxyalkyl group. Preferably, there is no substituent on the aliphatic group. Each aliphatic group may be saturated or may contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds, such as up to 6 double bonds, such as up to 3 double bonds.

[0227] Preferably, R 1 With formula C 14-20 H 24-41 or C(O)C 13-19 H 22-39 More preferably, it has the chemical formula C 14- 20 H 24-41 .

[0228] Preferably, each R 2 and R 3 Independently selected from CH3, H and CH2CH2OH.

[0229] Preferably, each R4 is independently selected from CH3 and H.

[0230] Examples of fatty alkylamines include:

[0231] A quaternary fatty alkyl monoamine according to the formula:

[0232]

[0233] in;

[0234] R d is an aliphatic group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-22 or 22-24 carbon atoms);

[0235] A is an anion;

[0236] and

[0237] Quaternary fatty alkyl diamine according to the formula;

[0238]

[0239] in;

[0240] R d is an aliphatic group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms (preferably 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-22 or 22-24 carbon atoms);

[0241] A is an anion;

[0242] n is the valence of the anion.

[0243] In the above, anion A is preferably selected from those anions that bind to the quaternary ammonium more strongly than carbonate. Examples include halides (especially Cl - ) and organic anions (e.g. formate (HCOO - ), acetate (CH3COO - ) and methanesulfonate (CH3SO3 - )).

[0244] In the above, the group "EO" is an ethoxylate group (-CH2CH2O-). An ethoxylate group (or a polyether group to which more than one ethoxylate group is attached) typically terminates in H, ie, -CH2CH2OH.

[0245] In embodiments, the surfactant is selected from one or more of fatty alkyl diamines, fatty alkyl triamines, and fatty alkyl tetraamines, ethoxylated fatty alkyl monoamines, ethoxylated fatty alkyl diamines, and ethoxylated fatty alkyl triamines, and quaternary fatty alkyl amines.

[0246] In other embodiments, the surfactant is selected from one or more fatty alkyl diamines, fatty alkyl tetraamines, ethoxylated fatty alkyl diamines and quaternary fatty alkyl amines. Examples include fatty alkyl tripropylene tetraamines, such as tallow tripropylene tetraamine, fatty alkyl propylene diamine, oleyl diamine ethoxylate.

[0247] The term "fatty alkyl" includes not only saturated groups (i.e., C 12 To C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 12-14 , C 14-16 , C 16-18 , C 18-20 , C 20-22 or C 22-24 ), also includes partially unsaturated C 12 To C 24 Group (ie C 12 To C 24 Alkenyl, preferably C 12-14 , C 14-16 , C 16-18 , C 18-20 , C 20-22 or C 22-24), for example having up to six C=C double bonds. Preferred fatty alkyl groups do not have more than 3 double bonds. Examples of fatty alkyl groups include oleyl (C18, 1 double bond) and other groups related to tallow, such as palmityl (C16, 0 double bonds), stearyl (C18, no double bonds), myristyl (C14, no double bonds), palmitoleyl (C16, 1 double bond), linoleyl (C18, 2 double bonds) and linolenyl (C18, 3 double bonds). The term "fatty alkyl" includes natural and synthetic alkyl groups, for example synthetic alkyl groups may contain C 115 or C 17 Examples of suitable fatty alkyl groups include C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 , C 16 , C 17 and C 18 The groups, each of which may be fully saturated or may contain one or more double bonds.

[0248] The surfactant can be selected based on the composition of the water phase, the oil phase and / or the overall composition of the oil-in-water emulsion. For example, the surfactant can be selected to ensure that the components of the water phase or the oil phase are soluble in each other. For example, the surfactant can be selected to ensure that the components of the aqueous phase or the oil phase are soluble in each other. 10 The components of the monohydric or dihydric alcohol phase are soluble in one another.

[0249] alcohol

[0250] In some embodiments, the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of C1 to C 10 List of monohydric or dihydric alcohols. In some embodiments, the alcohol may be glycerol.

[0251] In some embodiments, the oil-in-water emulsion comprises 10 wt % to 60 wt % glycerol, wherein the sum of the components in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt %. For example, the oil-in-water emulsion may comprise about 40 wt %, about 50 wt % or about 60 wt % glycerol, wherein the sum of the components in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt %.

[0252] The oil-in-water emulsion may contain about 0.5 wt % to about 70 wt % of a 10 The total weight of each component in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt%. For example, the oil-in-water emulsion may contain about 1 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%, or about 1 wt% to about 25 wt% of a monohydric or dihydric alcohol selected from C1 to C 10The total weight of each component in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt%. In some embodiments, the oil-in-water emulsion may contain about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% of a selected from the group consisting of C1 to C 10 List of alcohols consisting of monohydric or dihydric alcohols, wherein the sum of the components in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt%.

[0253] For example, the oil-in-water emulsion may contain about 2 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, or about 25 wt% of a compound selected from the group consisting of C1 to C 10 List of alcohols consisting of monohydric or dihydric alcohols, wherein the sum of the components in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt%.

[0254] In some embodiments, C1 to C 10 Monohydric or dihydric alcohols are straight or branched C1 to C 10 Monohydric or dihydric alcohol. In some embodiments, the alcohol is selected from the list consisting of C1 to C6 monohydric or dihydric alcohols. In some embodiments, the C1 to C6 monohydric or dihydric alcohol is a linear or branched C1 to C6 monohydric or dihydric alcohol. In some embodiments, the alcohol is selected from the list consisting of C1 to C4 monohydric or dihydric alcohols. In some embodiments, the C1 to C4 monohydric or dihydric alcohol is a linear or branched C1 to C4 monohydric or dihydric alcohol.

[0255] In some embodiments, the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of C1 to C 10 A list consisting of a monohydric alcohol, a C1 to C6 monohydric alcohol, or a C1 to C4 monohydric alcohol. The C1 to C4 monohydric alcohol can be methanol, ethanol, propanol, or butanol. For example, the dihydric alcohol can be ethylene glycol. For example, the alcohol can be selected from methanol, ethanol, or butanol (e.g., 1-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, or tert-butanol).

[0256] In some embodiments, C1 to C 10 The monohydric or dihydric alcohol may refer to two or more (e.g., two, three or four) alcohols, each independently selected from C1 to C 10 List of monohydric or dihydric alcohol compositions.

[0257] In some embodiments, the oil-in-water emulsion described herein may include about 0.5 wt % to about 70 wt % of a second alcohol, the second alcohol being individually selected from the group consisting of C1 to C 10 List of monohydric or dihydric alcohols, provided that the oil-in-water emulsion contains C1 to C 10 The total amount of monohydric or dihydric alcohols is from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %, and the total amount of each component in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt %. For example, the oil-in-water emulsion may include a first alcohol (e.g., methanol) and a second alcohol (e.g., ethanol), provided that the C1 to C2 alcohols in the oil-in-water emulsion are 10The sum of the monohydric or dihydric alcohols is from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %, and the sum of the components in the emulsion does not exceed 100 wt %.

[0258] In some embodiments, the ratio of glycerol:alcohol in the glycerol-containing phase is about 20:1 to about 1:5, such as about 38:2 to about 1.5:2.5. In some embodiments, the ratio of glycerol:alcohol in the glycerol-containing phase is about 38:2, about 3:10, about 2.5:1.5, about 2:2, or about 1.5:2.5.

[0259] In some embodiments, the glycerin-containing phase has a density of from 0.8 g / mL to about 1.3 g / mL (measured at 25°C using the method described in ISO 15212-1).

[0260] Polymer Stabilizer

[0261] In some embodiments, the one or more polymeric stabilizers are present in an amount up to 0.25 wt % of the oil-in-water emulsion. In embodiments, the polymeric stabilizer is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 wt % to 0.10 wt %.

[0262] Polymeric stabilizers and flow improvers can be used to improve static stability in storage by compensating for the density difference between the residual and aqueous phases. They can also modify the viscosity characteristics of the emulsion.

[0263] Polymer stabilizing additives can form a weak "gelled" structure in the aqueous phase containing the additive, which helps to improve the static stability of the oil-in-water emulsion by keeping the hydrocarbon residue droplets separated, preventing precipitation under static storage conditions. The weak gel structure can also impart low resistance or yield to applied stresses to ensure suitable low viscosity characteristics of the emulsion during pumping and handling, for example. This behavior is also recoverable, for example, once the oil-in-water emulsion fuel is pumped into the tank, it can recover its static stabilizing properties. The polymer additive helps achieve this by interacting with other additives in the formulation through entanglement and bonding mechanisms to form a molecularly structured gel.

[0264] There may be one or more polymer stabilizers and flow improvers. At least one polymer stabilizer and flow improver is selected from polymers containing monomers, the monomers including dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate quaternary ammonium salts, or dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide or methacrylamide and their quaternary ammonium salts.

[0265] Examples of such polymer stabilizers and flow improvers include cationic polymers comprising at least one cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates or dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate quaternary ammonium salts, such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl sulfate quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate sulfate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate hydrochloride, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate benzyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate sulfate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Aminoethyl hydrochloride or dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide or methacrylamide or their quaternary ammonium salts, such as acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide methyl sulfate quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide methyl sulfonate quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide sulfate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide hydrochloride, methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide methyl sulfate quaternary ammonium salt, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide sulfate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diallyldimethylammonium chloride and diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

[0266] Other polymeric stabilizers and flow improvers may be selected from one or more alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers (water soluble), preferably alkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (e.g. hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl), wherein;

[0267] -DS 烷基 In the range of 0.1 to 2.5;

[0268] -MS 羟烷基 In the range of 0.2 to 4.0;

[0269] - weight average molecular weight in the range of 100,000 to 2,000,000 Da (ideally 800,000 to 1,600,000 Da);

[0270] - Examples include methyl ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (water soluble), preferably having

[0271] -DS 甲基 In the range of 0.3 to 1.5

[0272] -DS 乙基 In the range of 0.1 to 0.7

[0273] -MS 羟乙基 In the range of 0.2 to 3.0.

[0274] DS represents the degree of substitution of a particular component and MS represents the molar degree of substitution of a particular component.

[0275] Other examples of other polymeric stabilizers include wherein (in the formula shown below) R is H, CH3 and / or [CH2CH2O] n Those of H.

[0276]

[0277] Other examples of other polymeric stabilizers and flow improvers may include guar gum, starch and starch derivatives, hydroxyethyl cellulose and ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0278] acid

[0279] Acid, i.e. Acids can be used to activate surfactants. In some embodiments, the pH of the oil-in-water emulsion and / or the aqueous phase is from 2 to 6, more preferably from 2 to 4.5, or from 3 to 4.5.

[0280] Acid can be selected from one or more organic acids. Organic acid comprises at least one CH bond, and its example comprises methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and benzoic acid. At least one organic acid (optionally all) is preferably selected from methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Preferably, at least one (optionally all) acid is selected from formic acid and methanesulfonic acid.

[0281] Other aspects

[0282] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a vehicle comprising a system as described herein. In some embodiments, the vehicle comprises one or more of a fuel source, a water source, a first additive source, a second additive source, a third additive source, and / or a fourth additive source. Preferably, the vehicle comprises a fuel source, a water source, and a first additive source.

[0283] In some embodiments, a vehicle includes a fuel source, a water source, and a first additive source; and a first input connected to the fuel source; a second input connected to the water source; and a third input connected to the first additive source.

[0284] The vehicle may be any vehicle, but is preferably a vessel, such as a sea vessel.

[0285] In a fourth aspect, the invention relates to the use of a system as described herein, for example, to produce an oil-in-water emulsion on board a vehicle, optionally wherein the vehicle is a boat.

[0286] In a fifth aspect, the invention is directed to a method of forming an oil-in-water emulsion using the system described herein.

[0287] In some embodiments, the method comprises the following steps:

[0288] providing a first additive;

[0289] Provide water;

[0290] Provide fuel;

[0291] mixing the first additive and water in a mixing section to form an aqueous phase; and

[0292] The aqueous phase is mixed with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion.

[0293] definition

[0294] As used herein, the term "A is connected to B" means that A and B are fluidly connected.

[0295] As used herein, the term "A is adapted to be connected to B" means that A is suitable for being connected to B. That is, A has characteristics that make it suitable for being connected to B.

[0296] As used herein, the term "A is located between B and C" means that A is located between B and C and is fluidly connected to both of them.

[0297] The term "fluidly connected" means that there is a path through which fluid can flow between specific components. One skilled in the art understands how to fluidly connect each component described herein to each other component described herein.

[0298] As used herein, the term "distance" refers to the distance a fluid in a system must travel.

[0299] The term tubular member includes a tube, conduit, pipe, hose or any other member that provides the function of allowing fluid to move within its core. The cross-section of the tubular member can be circular, substantially circular, square, rectangular or any other cross-section that can provide the required function.

[0300] The term end is intended to mean any part of a particular component. This does not mean just other points / exterior of the component. In this regard, a tubular member may have multiple ends. For example, a tubular member may have a first end opposite a second end. In this case, the two ends may be connected by a substantially straight tubular portion. Alternatively, a tubular member may have a first end immediately adjacent to a second end. In this case, the two ends may be connected by a tubular portion having a bend angle of about 180°.

[0301] The inputs and components described herein have a length. The length of the input can be defined by the vehicle in which the system is installed. For example, in a marine vessel having an input of a shorter length allows the operator to install the system in a room (e.g., an engine room) of the marine vessel. This avoids the need to make extensive modifications to the vessel to accommodate the system.

[0302] A marine vessel is any vessel capable of operating in a marine environment, a freshwater environment, or a mixture thereof. For example, a marine vessel may be a yacht, a boat, or a ship.

[0303] As used herein, the engine of a vehicle can be an engine of a vessel (e.g., a sea vessel). The engines mentioned herein include a single engine or two or more engines. Each engine can be a main engine or an auxiliary engine alone. The main engine can be an engine that provides the force required to propel the vehicle through space (e.g., by driving a propeller and / or a directional thruster). The auxiliary engine can be an engine that does not provide the force required to propel the vehicle through space. For example, the auxiliary engine can be used to drive auxiliary systems on the vehicle (e.g., fluid systems, electronic systems, and / or any system / component that does not directly propel the vehicle).

[0304] As used herein, a flow regulator can be any component that performs the function of regulating the flow of fluid in a system. For example, a flow regulator allows the flow of fluid to increase or decrease. In some embodiments, each flow regulator described herein can be selected from a valve, a back pressure valve control loop or a pump (e.g., a variable frequency drive pump) individually. A flow regulator can be a combination of one or more components. For example, a flow regulator can include a valve and a flow meter.

[0305] Example

[0306] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the non-limiting embodiments described below.

[0307] In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to a system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion, such as Figure 1 As shown; the system includes: a first input end, which is used to connect to a fuel source on a vehicle (10); a second input end, which is used to connect to a water source (20); a third input end, which is used to connect to a first additive source (30); a mixing part (50), which is used to mix water and a first additive to form an aqueous phase; and a blender (70), which is used to mix the aqueous phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; wherein the first input end is connected to the blender (70); the second input end and the third input end are connected to the mixing part (50); and the mixing part (50) is connected to the blender (70).

[0308] The first input includes a first pump (11) located between a first first flow regulator (16) and a second first flow regulator. In this embodiment, the second first flow regulator is a valve (12) and a flow meter (13).

[0309] The second input comprises a second pump (21) between the end of the second input for connection to a water source (20) and a second flow regulator. In this embodiment, the second flow regulator is a valve (22) and a flow meter (23).

[0310] The third input includes a third pump (31) between an end of the third input for connection to the first additive source (30) and a third flow regulator. In this embodiment, the third flow regulator is a valve (32) and a flow meter (33).

[0311] The system may include a fourth input for connection to a second source of additive (40). The fourth input may include a fourth pump (41) located between an end of the fourth input for connection to the second source of additive (40) and a fourth flow regulator. In this embodiment, the fourth flow regulator is a valve (42) and a flow meter (43).

[0312] The system includes a middle section (60), a mixing section (50) is connected to the middle section (60), and the middle section (60) is connected to a blender (70).

[0313] The system may include an intermediate output portion for connecting to a vehicle engine, and the output end is connected to the intermediate output portion. The intermediate output portion includes a first container (80). The intermediate output portion may include a second container (90). The intermediate output portion may include one or more flow directors (82, 92) configured to allow a fluid flow from a blender (70) to be provided to the first container (80) and / or the second container (90). The first container (80) includes a first container output end for connecting to an engine of a vehicle (100).

[0314] The first container output is connected to one or more of the middle section (60), the blender (70) and / or the output. The second container includes a second container output, which is connected to one or more of the middle section (60), the blender (70) and / or the output.

[0315] The intermediate output section includes an intermediate output section pump (81) and an intermediate output section flow regulator located between the first container output end and the second container output end, and one or more of the intermediate section (60), the mixer (70) and / or the output end. In this embodiment, the intermediate output section flow regulator is a valve (82) and a flow meter (83).

[0316] exist Figure 1 , flow regulators (17, 18) and an engine (100) are also shown.

[0317] Figure 2An embodiment is shown wherein the system comprises Figure 1 The system (1) and the output regulation part (200) are shown.

[0318] The input end of the output regulating part (200) is connected to the first container / other first container output end and the output end of the flow regulator (202); the flow regulator (202) is connected to the input end and the container (203); the container (203) is connected to the flow regulator (202) and the pump (204); the pump (204) is connected to the container (203) and the heater (205); the heater (205) is connected to the container (203) and the output end; and the output end is connected to the heater (205) and is used to be connected to the engine of the vehicle (100). In addition, the output regulating part includes a pump (201) located between the input end and the flow regulator (202).

[0319] Figure 2 Also shown are a secondary fuel source (110); flow regulators (17, 18, 19); a pump (301); a flow meter (302); a container (303); a pump (304); a heater (305); a viscometer (306); a valve (307); an engine (100); a second engine (300); and a valve (308).

[0320] In operation, the system of the present invention allows an operator to provide an oil-in-water emulsion to an engine of a vehicle at an appropriate time. For example, the engine (100) of a vehicle can run on fuel stored in a fuel source (10) and / or a secondary fuel source (110). Fuel from the fuel source (10) can be provided to the system (1). The fuel is mixed with water to produce an oil-in-water emulsion. The resulting oil-in-water emulsion can be provided to the engine (100) through a flow regulator (18) and / or through an output regulating portion (200). If the system includes an output regulating portion (200), it can be connected to a single engine, thereby allowing an operator to provide an oil-in-water emulsion to a single engine (for example, on a vehicle with multiple engines). By providing the oil-in-water emulsion to the vehicle main fuel line (via a flow regulator (18)), the operator can additionally / alternatively provide the oil-in-water emulsion to each engine in the vehicle (or a portion of the vehicle).

[0321] The operator can use the controller to determine the proportions of the components of the oil-in-water emulsion (i.e., water, fuel, and additives) to suit the engine, a particular operating mode of the engine, or the output of the engine (e.g., an emission profile of the engine exhaust fluid). The flow regulator allows the operator to provide a specific amount of the oil-in-water emulsion to the engine. For example, the operator can operate the engine using a mixture of the oil-in-water emulsion and fuel from a fuel source or a secondary fuel source.

[0322] Revise

[0323] It should be understood that many modifications may be made to the embodiments described above. Such modifications may include equivalent features and other features known to those skilled in the art, and may be used to replace or add to the features described herein. The features of one embodiment may be replaced or supplemented by the features of another embodiment.

[0324] Although the claims in this application have described a specific combination of features, it should be understood that the disclosure scope of the present invention also includes any novel features or any novel combination of features disclosed explicitly or implicitly herein, or any generalization thereof, whether or not it relates to the same invention as currently claimed in any claim, and whether or not it alleviates any or all technical problems that are the same as the present invention. The applicant hereby declares that during the examination of this application or any further application derived therefrom, new claims may be described for these features and / or combinations of these features.

Claims

1. A system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprising a first input for connecting to a fuel source on a vehicle; a second input end, the second input end being used to connect to a water source; a third input terminal, the third input terminal being adapted to be connected to a first additive source; a mixing part, the mixing part being used to mix the water and the first additive to form a water phase; and a mixer for mixing the water phase with the fuel to form the oil-in-water emulsion; in The first input is connected to the blender; The second input terminal and the third input terminal are connected to the mixing section; and The mixing part is connected to the mixer.

2. A system for producing an oil-in-water emulsion; the system comprising The first input terminal is configured to accept a 50°C and 100s -1 A fuel source having a viscosity of less than about 1000 cP; a second input end, the second input end being used to connect to a water source; a third input terminal, the third input terminal being adapted to be connected to a first additive source; a mixing part, the mixing part being used to mix the water and the first additive to form a water phase; and a mixer for mixing the water phase with the fuel to form an oil-in-water emulsion; in The first input is connected to the blender; The second input terminal and the third input terminal are connected to the mixing section; and The mixing part is connected to the mixer.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel comprises bunker fuel, biofuel, bio-oil, residual fuel oil and / or distillate fuel oil.

4. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first additive is one or more first additives.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The first input comprises a first auxiliary output for connecting to the fuel source on the vehicle; wherein the second input comprises a second auxiliary output for connecting to the water source; and / or wherein the third input comprises a third auxiliary output for connecting to the first additive source.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mixing section comprises a mixer, optionally an in-line mixer.

7. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: (i) the mixing section is directly connected to the mixer; or (ii) The system comprises a middle section, the mixing section is connected to the middle section, and the middle section is connected to the mixer.

8. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: (i) the first input is directly connected to the blender; or (ii) The system comprises an intermediate section, the first input end is connected to the intermediate section, and the intermediate section is connected to the mixer.

9. A system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the intermediate section is configured to combine the fuel from the first input end and the water phase from the mixing section at a combination point; optionally, wherein the distance from the combination point to the mixer is less than about 0.1m; optionally, less than about 0.05m or less than about 0.01m.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the agitator is a grinder, a mixer or a homogenizer.

11. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the system comprises an output for connection to a vehicle engine; optionally wherein the output is or is connected to an output of the blender.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein: (i) the output terminal is adapted to be directly connected to the engine; or (ii) The system comprises an intermediate output portion for connection to the vehicle engine, and the output end is connected to the intermediate output portion.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the intermediate output portion comprises a first container having an internal volume of about 10 liters to about 40,000 liters.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first container comprises a first container output for connection to an engine of the vehicle; optionally, wherein the first container output is connected to one or more of the intermediate section, the blender, the output, the first container and / or the intermediate output section.

15. The system of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the intermediate output portion comprises a second container having an internal volume of about 1 liter to about 100 liters; optionally, wherein the second container comprises a second container output end connected to one or more of the intermediate portion, the blender, the output end and / or the intermediate output portion.

16. The system of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the intermediate output portion comprises one or more flow directors configured to allow fluid flow from the blender to be provided to the first container and / or the second container.

17. The system of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the system comprises a fourth input for connection to a second additive source and to the mixing section.

18. The system of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the system comprises one or more heaters.

19. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the system comprises one or more viscometers; optionally, the output end or the intermediate output portion comprises a viscometer.

20. The system of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the system comprises one or more particle size analyzers; optionally, the output end or the intermediate output portion comprises a particle size analyzer.

21. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the system comprises one or more controllers configured to receive outputs from one or more of a flow regulator, an agitator, a mixer, a pump, a heater, a viscometer and / or a particle size analyzer, and to output control signals to one or more of the flow regulator, the agitator, the mixer, the pump, the heater, the viscometer and / or the particle size analyzer.

22. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the vehicle is a vessel, optionally a marine vessel.

23. A vehicle comprising a system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, optionally wherein the vehicle is a watercraft.

24. Use of the system of any one of claims 1 to 22 for producing an oil-in-water emulsion on a vehicle, optionally wherein the vehicle is a boat.

25. A method of forming an oil-in-water emulsion using the system of any one of claims 1 to 22.

Images