Pattern transfer plate, pattern transfer method, solar cell

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of solar cell technology, and mainly provides a pattern transfer plate, a pattern transfer method, and a solar cell. The pattern transfer plate includes: a transfer substrate, an adhesive layer, and a coating layer; the transfer substrate has multiple receiving grooves; the receiving grooves are used to receive electrode paste; the adhesive layer is located on the surface of the receiving grooves; the adhesive layer includes an adhesive; the coating layer is located on the surface of the adhesive layer; the coating layer includes a temperature-controlled viscous reversible material; the temperature-controlled viscous reversible material includes a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; along the direction away from the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the free radical initiator in the coating gradually increases. The pattern transfer plate of this application solves the problems of laser barriers and no paste debris, and can also reduce production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and more particularly to a pattern transfer plate, a pattern transfer method, and a solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Metallization technology for photovoltaic (solar) cells refers to the process of forming a conductive metal layer on the surface of the cell. These metal layers are used to collect and transmit the current generated by the photovoltaic cell. Metallization is a key step in photovoltaic cell manufacturing because it directly affects the cell's efficiency and performance. Commonly used photovoltaic metallization technologies include screen printing, electroplating, and laser transfer.

[0003] Screen printing technology is low-cost and suitable for mass production, but its resolution and precise control over electrode shape are limited. Electroplating technology can achieve low-cost, high-efficiency metallization, but it requires the pre-formation of a conductive seed layer on the battery surface, which presents problems such as high requirements for equipment capacity and stability, easy delamination and oxidation of copper grid lines, difficulty in controlling yield, and environmental pollution. Laser transfer printing is a non-contact printing technology. This technology coats the required paste onto a specific flexible transparent material and uses a high-power laser beam to pattern and scan, transferring the paste from the flexible transparent material to the battery surface to form grid lines, achieving high-precision electrode patterns. However, flexible films are expensive, laser transfer printing requires precise control of the matching relationship between paste parameters and laser power, resulting in high technical barriers. In addition, the paste is prone to splashing and fragmentation, affecting the quality of the grid lines. Furthermore, currently, lasers can only travel in straight lines, limiting their application scope.

[0004] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a pattern transfer plate, a pattern transfer method, and a solar cell to solve or alleviate the technical problems mentioned above. The pattern transfer plate of this application solves the problems of laser barriers and the absence of paste debris, and can also reduce production costs.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a pattern transfer plate, comprising:

[0007] A transfer substrate having a plurality of receiving grooves; the receiving grooves are used to receive electrode paste.

[0008] An adhesive layer is located on the surface of the receiving groove; the adhesive layer includes an adhesive.

[0009] A coating is located on the surface of the adhesive layer; the coating comprises a temperature-controlled, reversible adhesive material; the temperature-controlled, reversible adhesive material comprises a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the free radical initiator in the coating gradually increases along the direction away from the transfer substrate; the block copolymer comprises a block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups; the crosslinking agent comprises an organic ester containing disulfide bonds.

[0010] Optionally, the coating includes at least a first sub-coating and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate;

[0011] The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating is less than that in the second sub-coating.

[0012] Optionally, the coating comprises a first sub-coating, a third sub-coating, and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate;

[0013] Wherein, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating is less than the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the third sub-coating;

[0014] The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the third sub-coating is less than that in the second sub-coating.

[0015] Optionally, the block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups includes poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene)-poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymers.

[0016] Optionally, the disulfide-containing organic ester includes one or both of disulfide-containing diacrylates and dibutyl esters.

[0017] Optionally, the free radical initiator includes one or both of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptanenitrile.

[0018] Optionally, the temperature-controlled viscous reversible material further includes an aminosilane coupling agent.

[0019] Optionally, the aminosilane coupling agent includes one or both of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0020] Optionally, the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the block copolymer is 0.05-0.3.

[0021] Optionally, the adhesive includes an aminosilane adhesive.

[0022] Optionally, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1-1 μm, and the thickness of the coating is 5-15 μm.

[0023] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a pattern transfer method, including:

[0024] A pattern transfer plate is provided, comprising a transfer substrate having a plurality of receiving grooves, and an adhesive layer and a coating layer sequentially stacked within the receiving grooves; the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive; the coating layer comprises a temperature-controlled viscous reversible material; the temperature-controlled viscous reversible material comprises a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the free radical initiator in the coating layer gradually increases along the direction away from the transfer substrate; the block copolymer comprises a block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups; the crosslinking agent comprises an organic ester containing disulfide bonds;

[0025] The coating is heated to 80℃-100℃ to increase its viscosity;

[0026] Electrode slurry is filled into a receiving groove having the coating on its surface;

[0027] The pattern transfer plate filled with the electrode paste is inverted on the substrate, and the coating is heated to above 120°C to reduce the viscosity of the coating, thereby transferring the electrode paste in the receiving tank onto the substrate.

[0028] Optionally, when the coating temperature is 80℃-100℃, the viscosity of the coating is 100-500 Pa·s;

[0029] When the temperature of the coating is above 120°C, the viscosity of the coating is 10-50 Pa·s.

[0030] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a solar cell, the solar cell including grid line electrodes, the grid line electrodes being prepared using the pattern transfer plate provided in any of the above claims, and / or the grid line electrodes being prepared by the pattern transfer method provided in any of the above claims.

[0031] The embodiments of this application employing the above-described technical solution may have the following advantages:

[0032] In this embodiment, the pattern transfer plate includes an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive and a coating formed by a temperature-controlled, viscous, reversible material. The adhesive layer is located between the transfer substrate and the coating, enhancing the adhesion between them and preventing the coating from detaching from the transfer substrate after the polymer in the coating undergoes decrosslinking. The viscosity of the coating is affected by temperature; by controlling the temperature of the coating, viscous reversibility is achieved. This not only allows the coating to be recycled but also produces high-quality grid lines, breaking through the current linewidth limits and achieving a superior aspect ratio. This reduces the light-blocking area, improves battery conversion efficiency, reduces paste consumption, and eliminates the need for a specific transparent transfer carrier material as the substrate. Attached Figure Description

[0033] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the various drawings denote the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings depict only some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pattern transfer plate provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pattern transfer plate provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the transfer of electrode paste onto a substrate in the pattern transfer method provided in this application embodiment.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 10. Transfer substrate; 11. Receiving tank; 20. Adhesive layer; 30. Coating; 31. First sub-coating; 32. Second sub-coating; 33. Third sub-coating; 40. Electrode paste; 50. Substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, regions, and elements, as well as their relative dimensions, may be exaggerated. Throughout, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0040] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on," "below," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to other elements or layers, or there may be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on," "below," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or part from another element, component, area, layer, or part. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this disclosure, the first element, component, area, layer, or part discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, area, layer, or part. When a second element, component, region, layer, or portion is discussed, it does not imply that a first element, component, region, layer, or portion necessarily exists in this disclosure.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0043] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this application embodiment provides a pattern transfer plate, including:

[0045] The transfer substrate 10 has a plurality of receiving grooves 11; the receiving grooves 11 are used to receive electrode paste 40.

[0046] Adhesive layer 20 is located on the surface of receiving groove 11; adhesive layer 20 includes adhesive;

[0047] Coating 30 is located on the surface of adhesive layer 20; coating 30 includes a temperature-controlled adhesive reversible material; the temperature-controlled adhesive reversible material includes a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; along the direction away from the transfer substrate 10, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in coating 30 gradually increases; the block copolymer includes a block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups; the crosslinking agent includes an organic ester containing disulfide bonds.

[0048] In this embodiment, the pattern transfer plate includes an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive and a coating formed by a temperature-controlled, viscous, reversible material. The adhesive layer is located between the transfer substrate and the coating, enhancing the adhesion between them and preventing the coating from detaching from the transfer substrate after the polymer in the coating undergoes decrosslinking. The viscosity of the coating is affected by temperature; by controlling the temperature of the coating, viscous reversibility is achieved. This not only allows the coating to be recycled but also produces high-quality grid lines, breaking through the current linewidth limits and achieving a superior aspect ratio. This reduces the light-blocking area, improves battery conversion efficiency, reduces paste consumption, and eliminates the need for a specific transparent transfer carrier material as the substrate.

[0049] During the fabrication of the electrode grid lines, at temperatures between 80℃ and 100℃, the free radical initiator releases free radicals, which promote the cross-linking reaction between organic esters containing disulfide bonds (-SS-) and block copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups. This forms a three-dimensional network structure, restricting the movement of polymer chains and enhancing the cohesive force of the coating. This allows the coating to effectively transfer stress during bonding, improving its adhesion performance and enabling the electrode paste to be bonded to the coating. When the temperature is greater than or equal to 120℃, the disulfide bonds (-SS-) in the organic esters containing disulfide bonds break, the three-dimensional network structure de-crosslinks, and the viscosity of the coating decreases. This facilitates the transfer of the electrode paste from the receiving tank to the substrate and achieves reversible viscosity.

[0050] In this embodiment, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the coating gradually increases along the direction away from the transfer substrate. On the side of the coating closer to the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator is smaller, its viscosity is less affected by temperature, and its viscosity is also lower, primarily bonding to the transfer substrate through an adhesive layer. On the side of the coating farther from the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator is larger, and its viscosity is more affected by temperature. At temperatures between 80°C and 100°C, the viscosity is higher, firmly bonding the electrode paste; at temperatures greater than or equal to 120°C, the viscosity is lower, allowing the electrode paste to be released.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the coating 30 includes at least a first sub-coating 31 and a second sub-coating 32 sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate 10;

[0052] The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating 31 is less than that in the second sub-coating 32.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the coating 30 includes a first sub-coating 31, a third sub-coating 33, and a second sub-coating 32, which are sequentially stacked along the direction away from the transfer substrate 10.

[0054] The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating 31 is less than that in the third sub-coating 33.

[0055] The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the third sub-coating 33 is less than that in the second sub-coating 32.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, when the coating comprises a first sub-coating and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating is 10-20 (e.g., 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20), and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the second sub-coating is 12.5-33 (e.g., 12.5, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33).

[0057] In an optional embodiment, when the coating comprises a first sub-coating, a third sub-coating, and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating is 10-12.5 (e.g., 10, 11, 12, 12.5), the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the third sub-coating is 12.5-20 (e.g., 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20), and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the second sub-coating is 16.66-33 (e.g., 16.66, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33).

[0058] In optional embodiments, the coating may further include four, five, or more sub-coatings, with the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator increasing sequentially in the direction away from the transfer substrate.

[0059] In some embodiments, block copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups include poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene)-poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymers.

[0060] In poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene)-poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymers, the poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups (PEO-PPO-PEO) exhibit good hydrophilicity and temperature responsiveness, allowing them to crosslink with disulfide-containing (-SS-) organic acid esters under the action of free radical initiators. The styrene segments in the poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) groups (SIS) impart hardness and rigidity to the block copolymer, while the isoprene segments provide elasticity, thus offering good flexibility and a certain degree of strength for the coating. Furthermore, the SIS groups physically adsorb onto the surface of the bonded material through van der Waals forces, and the PEO-PPO-PEO groups interact with the polar groups on the surface of the bonded material through hydrogen bonds, thereby improving the coating's adhesion.

[0061] In some embodiments, the disulfide-containing organic esters include one or both of disulfide-containing diacrylates and dibutyl esters.

[0062] These two crosslinking agents exhibit high reactivity. Under the action of free radical initiators, double bonds readily open to form free radical active centers, enabling the formation of effective crosslinked structures in a short time. Furthermore, the small molecular structure of these two crosslinking agents, similar in polarity to block copolymers, ensures good compatibility with block copolymers and allows for uniform dispersion in the system, guaranteeing a uniform crosslinking reaction throughout the coating. Other disulfide-containing esters (e.g., some aromatic esters containing disulfide bonds), due to their larger molecular structure and stronger polarity, have poor compatibility with the non-polar segments in block copolymers, easily leading to phase separation and affecting coating performance. In addition, the small spatial structure and moderate bond energy of the disulfide bonds in these two crosslinking agents allow for rapid decrosslinking at 120 degrees Celsius (within 2-5 seconds), meeting the requirement for rapid non-adhesive bonding.

[0063] In some embodiments, the free radical initiator includes one or both of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptanenitrile.

[0064] These initiators can decompose to generate free radicals during heating. They are highly active and have high initiation efficiency, which can initiate free radical polymerization reactions between crosslinking agents and block copolymers, promoting the formation of crosslinked networks.

[0065] In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled viscous reversible material further includes an aminosilane coupling agent.

[0066] Aminosilane coupling agents are tackifiers used to improve the wettability and affinity between the coating and the surface of the bonded material. The amino group (-NH2) in the aminosilane coupling agent can interact with oxygen atoms (poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups contain a large number of ether bonds (-O-)) or phenyl groups (some block copolymers contain phenyl groups) in the block copolymer (e.g., forming hydrogen bonds), which can improve the bonding strength of the coating and improve its durability.

[0067] In some embodiments, the aminosilane coupling agent includes one or both of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0068] γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane contain alkoxy groups (e.g., ethoxy (-OC2H5), methoxy (-OCH3)), which can react with functional groups such as hydroxyl groups on the surface of the bonded material, thereby further improving the adhesion of the coating.

[0069] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer is 0.05-0.3.

[0070] Excessive crosslinking agent dosage leads to the formation of too many crosslinking points in the polymer, potentially causing the formation of numerous crosslinked structures and hindering subsequent decrosslinking reactions. Conversely, insufficient crosslinking agent dosage results in the inability to form enough crosslinking points, reducing internal bonding within the coating, lowering its cohesive strength and adhesive strength, and impacting its stability and physical properties. A molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer of 0.05-0.3 ensures sufficient crosslinking points are formed, improving coating stability and physical properties.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, when the coating comprises a first sub-coating and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked in a direction away from the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer in the first sub-coating is 0.15-0.3 (e.g., 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30), and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer in the second sub-coating is 0.05-0.15 (e.g., 0.05, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15).

[0072] In an optional embodiment, when the coating comprises a first sub-coating, a third sub-coating, and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer in the first sub-coating is 0.2-0.3 (e.g., 0.20, 0.22, 0.25, 0.30), the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer in the third sub-coating is 0.1-0.2 (e.g., 0.1, 0.13, 0.15, 0.18, 0.20), and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer in the second sub-coating is 0.05-0.1 (e.g., 0.05, 0.08, 0.1).

[0073] In some embodiments, the adhesive includes an aminosilane adhesive.

[0074] Aminosilane adhesives possess the molecular structure of aminosilanes, enabling them to bond with both polar and non-polar materials, thus exhibiting excellent adhesive properties. Specifically, aminosilane adhesives include one or both of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0075] In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1-1 μm, and the thickness of the coating layer is 5-15 μm.

[0076] An adhesive layer is located between the transfer substrate and the coating layer, used to bond the coating layer to the transfer substrate and prevent the coating layer from detaching from the transfer substrate when the viscosity of the coating layer decreases. If the thickness of the adhesive layer is too small, the coating layer cannot be firmly bonded to the transfer substrate; if the thickness of the adhesive layer is too large, it will affect the grid line formation and cause material waste. Therefore, the thickness of the adhesive layer is controlled to be 0.1-1 μm. The coating layer is used to freely bond or release the electrode paste and needs to have reversible viscosity. If the thickness of the coating layer is too small, the required viscosity cannot be achieved, making it difficult to bond the electrode paste; if the thickness of the coating layer is too large, it will affect the grid line formation and cause material waste. Therefore, the thickness of the coating layer is controlled to be 5-15 μm. In an optional embodiment, the coating layer includes at least a first sub-coating and a second sub-coating. The first sub-coating is used to contact the adhesive layer and its thickness can be 1-6 μm. The second sub-coating is used to bond the electrode paste and its thickness can be 1-5 μm. A third sub-coating can also be included between the first and second sub-coatings as a transition layer, and its thickness can be 1-5 μm.

[0077] This application provides a pattern transfer method, including:

[0078] S100: Provides pattern transfer plates, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the pattern transfer plate includes a transfer substrate 10 having multiple receiving grooves 11, and an adhesive layer 20 and a coating layer 30 sequentially stacked within the receiving grooves 11; the adhesive layer 20 includes an adhesive; the coating layer 30 includes a temperature-controlled adhesive reversible material; the temperature-controlled adhesive reversible material includes a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; along the direction away from the transfer substrate 10, the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the free radical initiator in the coating layer 30 gradually increases; the block copolymer includes a block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups; the crosslinking agent includes an organic ester containing disulfide bonds;

[0079] S200: Heat coating 30 to 80℃-100℃ to increase the viscosity of coating 30;

[0080] S300: such as Figure 1 As shown, electrode paste 40 is filled into a receiving groove 11 with a coating 30 on its surface;

[0081] S400: such as Figure 3 As shown, a pattern transfer plate filled with electrode paste 40 is inverted on a substrate 50, and the coating 30 is heated to above 120°C to reduce the viscosity of the coating 30, thereby transferring the electrode paste 40 in the receiving tank 11 onto the substrate 50.

[0082] In the pattern transfer method of this application embodiment, when the coating is heated to 80℃-100℃, the free radical initiator releases free radicals, thereby promoting the cross-linking reaction between the organic acid ester containing disulfide bonds (-SS-) and the block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups, forming a three-dimensional network structure, increasing the viscosity of the coating, and curing the coating. Then, the electrode paste is filled into the receiving tank, so that the electrode paste is bonded by the coating. After the pattern transfer plate filled with electrode paste is inverted on the substrate, the temperature is further raised to above 120℃, the disulfide bonds (-SS-) of the organic acid ester containing disulfide bonds break, the three-dimensional network structure undergoes de-crosslinking, and the viscosity of the coating decreases. Due to the combined effect of the reduced coating viscosity and the weight of the electrode paste itself, the electrode paste is transferred from the receiving tank to the substrate. After this pattern transfer or before the next pattern transfer, the coating is cooled again to 80℃-100℃, so that the viscosity of the coating increases again, thereby achieving reversible viscosity properties.

[0083] In optional embodiments, during the heating process of the coating, a hot air circulation heating device, an infrared filament heating device, or an infrared LED device can be used to heat the coating.

[0084] Using these heating devices to heat the coating not only allows for rapid heating and uniform heating of the coating, but also facilitates the addition and modification of the equipment in the battery electrode manufacturing process.

[0085] In some embodiments, when the coating temperature is 80°C-100°C, the viscosity of the coating is 100-500 Pa·s;

[0086] When the coating temperature is above 120℃, the viscosity of the coating is 10-50 Pa·s.

[0087] When the coating temperature is below 80℃, the coating viscosity is relatively low, about 10-50 Pa·s. When the coating temperature is above 100℃ and below 120℃, the coating viscosity is not much different from that when the coating temperature is 80℃-100℃, about 100-500 Pa·s. When the coating temperature reaches 120℃, the coating viscosity drops rapidly (in 2-5s) to 10-50 Pa·s.

[0088] This application provides a solar cell including grid electrodes, which are prepared using the pattern transfer plate described in any of the above embodiments, and / or prepared by the pattern transfer method described in any of the above embodiments. The advantages of the aforementioned pattern transfer plate or pattern transfer method are also present in this perovskite solar cell, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0089] The following specific embodiments provide a more detailed description of this application, but should not be construed as limiting the application. Any modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps, or conditions of this application without departing from the spirit and substance of this application are within the scope of this application.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown, the pattern transfer plate of Embodiment 1 includes:

[0092] The transfer substrate 10 has a plurality of receiving grooves 11; the receiving grooves 11 are used to receive electrode paste 40.

[0093] An adhesive layer 20 and a coating layer 30 are sequentially stacked on the surface of the receiving groove 11;

[0094] The coating 30 includes a first sub-coating 31, a third sub-coating 33 and a second sub-coating 32, which are sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate 10;

[0095] Wherein, the adhesive layer 20 includes an adhesive; the coating 30 includes a temperature-controlled, viscous, reversible material;

[0096] Temperature-controlled viscous reversible materials include block copolymers, crosslinking agents, and free radical initiators;

[0097] Block copolymers include poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene)-poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymers;

[0098] Crosslinking agents include diacrylates containing disulfide bonds and dibutyl acrylates containing disulfide bonds;

[0099] Free radical initiators include azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptanenitrile;

[0100] In the first sub-coating 31, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator C11 is 11.5, and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer C12 is 0.3;

[0101] In the third sub-coating 33, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator C31 is 16, and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer C32 is 0.16;

[0102] In the second sub-coating 32, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator C21 is 28, and the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to block copolymer C22 is 0.08;

[0103] The binders are γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane;

[0104] The adhesive layer 20 has a thickness of 0.5 μm, and the coating layer 30 has a thickness of 10 μm.

[0105] The pattern transfer method of Example 1 includes:

[0106] S110: Provide a pattern transfer plate according to embodiment 1;

[0107] S210: Heat coating 30 to 90°C to increase the viscosity of coating 30;

[0108] S310: As Figure 1 As shown, electrode paste 40 is filled into a receiving groove 11 with a coating 30 on its surface;

[0109] S410: As Figure 3 As shown, the pattern transfer plate filled with electrode paste 40 is inverted on the substrate 50, the coating 30 is heated to 125°C to reduce the viscosity of the coating 30, and the electrode paste 40 in the receiving tank 11 is transferred to the substrate 50.

[0110] S510: The electrode paste 40 transferred to the substrate 50 is sintered to form metal grid lines, thereby obtaining a solar cell.

[0111] Examples 2-8

[0112] The pattern transfer plates of Examples 2-8 are structurally similar to those of Example 1, except that the formulations of the adhesive layer and coating layer in Examples 2-8 are different. The formulations of the adhesive layer and coating layer in Examples 2-8 are shown in Table 1. Solar cells of Examples 2-8 were prepared using the pattern transfer method of Example 1, except that the electrode paste was transferred onto the substrate using the pattern transfer plates of Examples 2-8.

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115] It should be noted that the coatings in Embodiments 3 and 7 of this application only include the first sub-coating and the second sub-coating, and do not include the third sub-coating. Therefore, C31-C32 in Embodiments 3 and 7 do not have numerical values.

[0116] To more clearly illustrate the technical effects of the embodiments of this application, this application also points out the solar cell of Comparative Example 1.

[0117] Comparative Example 1

[0118] In Comparative Example 1, the electrode paste was transferred onto the substrate using traditional screen printing technology and then sintered to form metal grid lines, thereby obtaining a solar cell.

[0119] The heterojunction solar cells of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1 of this application are respectively fabricated into photovoltaic modules, and the performance of the photovoltaic modules is tested to obtain the open-circuit voltage Voc, short-circuit current density Jsc, fill factor FF, and photoelectric conversion efficiency Eta of the corresponding photovoltaic modules. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0120] Table 2

[0121]

[0122] As shown in Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 1, the short-circuit current density, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the heterojunction solar cells of Examples 1-8 of this application are all improved; among them, the short-circuit current density can be 0.526 mA / cm² higher, the fill factor can be 0.326% higher, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be 0.334% higher.

[0123] In summary, in the embodiments of this application, the pattern transfer plate includes an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive and a coating formed by a temperature-controlled, reversible adhesive material. The adhesive layer is located between the transfer substrate and the coating, enhancing the adhesion between them and preventing the coating from detaching from the transfer substrate after the polymer in the coating undergoes decrosslinking. The adhesiveness of the coating is affected by temperature; by controlling the temperature of the coating to achieve reversible adhesiveness, not only can the coating be recycled, but the quality of the prepared grid lines is also high, breaking through the current linewidth limits of grid lines, achieving a better aspect ratio, reducing the light-blocking area, improving battery conversion efficiency, reducing paste consumption, and eliminating the need for a specific transparent transfer carrier material as the substrate.

[0124] This application provides a photovoltaic module, including the solar cell described in any of the above embodiments. The photovoltaic module also possesses the advantages of the aforementioned photovoltaic solar cell, and will not be repeated here.

[0125] This application provides a photovoltaic system including the photovoltaic modules described in any of the above embodiments. The advantages of the photovoltaic modules described above are also present in this photovoltaic system, and will not be repeated here. The application fields of the photovoltaic system are wide, not limited to photovoltaic power plants, such as ground-mounted power plants, rooftop power plants, and floating power plants, but also including various devices and apparatuses that utilize solar energy for power generation, such as user solar power supplies, solar streetlights, solar cars, and solar buildings. Of course, it is understood that the application scenarios of the photovoltaic system are not limited to these; that is, the photovoltaic system can be applied in all fields that require solar energy for power generation. Taking a photovoltaic power generation system network as an example, the photovoltaic system may include a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, and an inverter. The photovoltaic array may be an array combination of multiple photovoltaic modules; for example, multiple photovoltaic modules can form multiple photovoltaic arrays. The photovoltaic array is connected to the combiner box, which can collect the current generated by the photovoltaic array. The collected current flows through the inverter and is converted into AC power required by the mains power grid before being connected to the mains power grid to achieve solar power supply.

[0126] It should be noted that the terms "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inside or outside relative to the outline of the component itself. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of other devices or structures" will later be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0127] It should also be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this application refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0128] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0129] It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A pattern transfer plate, characterized in that, include: A transfer substrate having multiple receiving grooves; The receiving tank is used to hold the electrode paste; An adhesive layer is located on the surface of the receiving groove; The adhesive layer includes an adhesive; A coating located on the surface of the adhesive layer; the coating comprises a temperature-controlled, adhesive-reversible material. The temperature-controlled reversible viscous material includes a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the free radical initiator in the coating gradually increases along the direction away from the transfer substrate; the block copolymer includes a block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups; the crosslinking agent includes an organic ester containing disulfide bonds; the viscosity of the coating is affected by temperature, and the reversible viscous properties are achieved by controlling the temperature of the coating.

2. The pattern transfer plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating includes at least a first sub-coating and a second sub-coating sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate; The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating is less than that in the second sub-coating.

3. The pattern transfer plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating comprises a first sub-coating, a third sub-coating, and a second sub-coating, which are sequentially stacked along a direction away from the transfer substrate; Wherein, the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the first sub-coating is less than the molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the third sub-coating; The molar ratio of crosslinking agent to free radical initiator in the third sub-coating is less than that in the second sub-coating.

4. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups includes poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene)-poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) block copolymers.

5. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The disulfide-containing organic esters include one or both of disulfide-containing diacrylates and dibutyl esters.

6. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The free radical initiator includes one or both of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptanenitrile.

7. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The temperature-controlled viscous reversible material also includes an aminosilane coupling agent.

8. The pattern transfer plate according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aminosilane coupling agent includes one or both of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

9. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the block copolymer is 0.05-0.

3.

10. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The adhesive includes an aminosilane adhesive.

11. The pattern transfer plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1-1 μm, and the thickness of the coating layer is 5-15 μm.

12. A pattern transfer method, characterized in that, include: A pattern transfer plate is provided, comprising a transfer substrate having a plurality of receiving grooves, and an adhesive layer and a coating layer sequentially stacked within the receiving grooves; the adhesive layer comprises an adhesive; the coating layer comprises a temperature-controlled viscous reversible material; the temperature-controlled viscous reversible material comprises a block copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a free radical initiator; the molar ratio of the crosslinking agent to the free radical initiator in the coating layer gradually increases along the direction away from the transfer substrate; the block copolymer comprises a block copolymer containing poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) groups; the crosslinking agent comprises an organic ester containing disulfide bonds; The coating is heated to 80℃-100℃ to increase its viscosity; Electrode slurry is filled into a receiving groove having the coating on its surface; The pattern transfer plate filled with the electrode paste is inverted on the substrate, and the coating is heated to above 120°C to reduce the viscosity of the coating, thereby transferring the electrode paste in the receiving tank onto the substrate.

13. The pattern transfer method according to claim 12, characterized in that, When the coating temperature is 80℃-100℃, the viscosity of the coating is 100-500 Pa·s; When the temperature of the coating is above 120°C, the viscosity of the coating is 10-50 Pa·s.

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