Fire extinguishing material capable of being polymerized into super absorbent resin in situ as well as preparation method and application of fire extinguishing material

Abstract

The invention provides a fire extinguishing material capable of being polymerized into super absorbent resin in situ as well as a preparation method and application of the fire extinguishing material, and belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing materials. The temperature control type polymerization inhibitor is added, the temperature control type polymerization inhibitor is in an aqueous solution before reaching an ignition point, and after reaching a fire scene, the polymerization inhibition effect is relieved by utilizing the high temperature of the fire scene, so that polymerization is initiated, meanwhile, the polymerization reaction is an exothermic reaction, and the polymerization reaction and the temperature of the fire scene can initiate a polymerization reaction of a subsequently sprayed monomer mixed solution together; therefore, the sodium polyacrylate hydrogel is continuously formed. And a common fire extinguishing water spraying device can be adopted for spraying and is almost the same as water spraying, so that the blockage phenomenon is completely eradicated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing materials, and in particular relates to a fire extinguishing material which can be polymerized in situ into a highly absorbent resin at a fire point, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] So far, water is still the most commonly used fire extinguishing agent. However, water has high fluidity and will be lost when sprayed, so it has low utilization rate and is not suitable for water-scarce areas. At the same time, the fire extinguishing efficiency is also low. However, it also has obvious advantages, such as low cost, adjustable spraying distance and speed, and easy operation. Super absorbent resin has extremely strong water absorption and water retention. Its unique three-dimensional network structure can firmly bind water, giving it a large heat capacity. Polymer hydrogels based on polyacrylic acid super absorbent resins have been widely used in the field of fire extinguishing. However, super absorbent resins are cross-linked structures. After absorbing water, they form a viscous gel. On the one hand, they cannot be sprayed at a long distance like water. On the other hand, even if they are sprayed at a close distance, they may fall from the air, which affects their fire extinguishing effect and efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a technology of using highly absorbent resin gel to extinguish fires. For example, Chinese patent CN107497088A discloses a hydrogel fire extinguishing agent and its implementation method. The method of using the hydrogel fire extinguishing agent is to dissolve the hydrogel fire extinguishing agent in water, stir for no more than 1 minute, and prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 3 to 5‰, which can be used for fire extinguishing. CN113144495A discloses a new polymer gel water-based fire extinguishing agent. When in use, the new environmentally friendly polymer gel water-based fire extinguishing agent is added to 600 to 1000 times the mass of water, and after stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, a polymer gel can be formed for fire extinguishing. However, these patents do not describe how to spray or spray the fire extinguishing gel to the fire point to extinguish the fire.

[0004] CN207101696U discloses a new type of environmentally friendly fire truck, which first puts materials into a polymer fire extinguishing material storage tank, allows the fire extinguishing material to enter the fire cannon pipeline, and water comes out of the water tank and enters the fire cannon pipeline through the water inlet of the fire pump. Under the action of a rotating mixing device, the water and the polymer material are fully mixed in the spiral pipeline, and then emitted from the fire cannon; CN100444912C discloses the application of a highly absorbent resin water-absorbing gel fire extinguishing agent, which mixes synthetic resin sodium polyacrylate with 1000 times of water to generate a water-absorbing gel in half an hour. The gel can be sprayed into the fire with a water gun, and the sodium polyacrylate fine powder is mixed with 1000 times of water and sprayed from the spray gun to the fire site. Within 15 seconds to 60 seconds, the gel is generated to play a fire extinguishing role. This type of firefighting water cannon or water gun is designed for traditional powder fire extinguishing agents, especially dry powder fire extinguishing agents, which are usually insoluble in water and do not absorb water. Other fire extinguishing agents on the market will not have the volume expansion and viscosity increase caused by water absorption. Therefore, this type of firefighting water cannon has no problem when using dry powder fire extinguishing agents. All fire extinguishing agent powder will be taken away from the firefighting cannon with the strong flushing of water flow. However, when using highly absorbent resin as a fire extinguishing agent, serious problems will arise. Highly absorbent resin is actually neither soluble in water nor hydrophobic, but can quickly absorb water molecules into the polymer structure and fix them, and form a gel with strong adsorption. Therefore, as water and powder are sprayed at the same time, the strong water flow cannot take away all the resin powder, which leads to more and more absorbent resins adhering to the powder spraying port, which will completely block the powder spraying port after working for a period of time, and this problem will become more serious as the performance indicators of highly absorbent resin become better. Experiments have shown that the peripheral water flow will flow into, splash or drip near the inner layer powder spray port in various ways. Due to its high viscosity and rapid solidification, the resin after absorbing water will gradually accumulate at the nozzle, forming a volcano-like resin pile, gradually compressing the powder spray channel and finally completely closing the powder outlet. In the most serious case, the water flow may flow directly to the powder spray port, and the solidified resin will directly block the pipe inside the powder spray port in a very short time.

[0005] In view of the above problems, Chinese patent CN211752050U has designed a fire-fighting device with a rear powder spray port, which can effectively avoid the blockage of the powder spray port and can achieve non-blockage for tens of minutes, greatly reducing the cleaning time of the fire-fighting equipment. However, it only reduces the blockage phenomenon, but cannot completely avoid the blockage phenomenon. Once such blockage occurs at the emergency fire-fighting scene, the consequences are extremely serious. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing material that can be polymerized in situ at the fire point to form a highly absorbent resin gel. Before reaching the fire point, it is a stable aqueous solution, which is a polymerization system composed of acrylic acid monomers, crosslinking agents and initiators with a neutralization degree of 80-85% (hereinafter referred to as monomer mixed solution). In order to stabilize storage and prevent polymerization during storage, a temperature-controlled inhibitor is added. After reaching the fire scene, the high temperature of the fire scene can easily reach above 50°C to remove the inhibitory effect, thereby initiating polymerization. At the same time, the polymerization reaction is an exothermic reaction, and can also initiate the polymerization reaction of the subsequent monomer mixed solution sprayed together with the temperature of the fire scene, thereby continuously forming sodium polyacrylate hydrogel. It can be sprayed using an ordinary fire extinguishing water spraying device, which is almost the same as the spraying of water, and completely prevents the occurrence of blockage.

[0007] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing material which can be polymerized in situ into a highly water-absorbent resin.

[0008] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fire extinguishing material.

[0009] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of the fire extinguishing material.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted:

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing material that can be in-situ polymerized into a highly absorbent resin, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0012]

[0013] The temperature-controlled polymerization inhibitor is one or more selected from hydroquinone monomethyl ether and tert-butyl catechol.

[0014] The following is a description of each component:

[0015] There is no particular restriction on the source of acrylic acid, and commercially available industrial grade high-purity acrylic acid can be selected.

[0016] The mass fractions of acrylic acid include, but are not limited to, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, and 50 parts.

[0017] Preferably, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 30-32%.

[0018] The mass fractions of alkali solution include but are not limited to 70, 72, 75, 75, 78, 80, 82, 85, 86, 88, 90, 92, 95, 96, 98, 100, 102, 105, 108, and 110 parts.

[0019] The water is preferably deionized water, and the mass fractions of water include but are not limited to 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500 parts.

[0020] Preferably, the cross-linking agent is one or more selected from diacetone acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (must be water-soluble and contain two or more double bonds).

[0021] The weight fraction of the cross-linking agent includes, but is not limited to, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 parts.

[0022] Preferably, the initiator is one or more selected from potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate.

[0023] The mass fraction of the initiator includes but is not limited to 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 parts.

[0024] The temperature-controlled polymerization inhibitor refers to an agent that prevents the polymerization of acrylic acid at a relatively low temperature (below 50°C) and releases the polymerization inhibition at a temperature above 50°C. The agent is one or more selected from hydroquinone monomethyl ether and tert-butyl catechol.

[0025] The mass fractions of the temperature-controlled polymerization inhibitor include but are not limited to 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.5 parts.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the fire extinguishing material that can be in-situ polymerized into a highly absorbent resin, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Dissolve acrylic acid in water, neutralize with alkali solution, cool to room temperature, add crosslinking agent, initiator and temperature-controlled inhibitor, and stir evenly.

[0028] Preferably, the neutralization temperature is controlled at 0-40°C.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a use of the fire extinguishing material that can be in-situ polymerized into a highly absorbent resin in fire extinguishing.

[0030] Preferably, the application comprises the following steps:

[0031] The fire extinguishing material is loaded into a fire extinguishing water spray device. Before reaching the fire scene, the fire extinguishing agent is a monomer mixture with stable properties. After reaching the fire scene, the high temperature of the fire scene is used to remove the inhibitory effect of the temperature-controlled inhibitor, so that the monomer mixture undergoes a polymerization reaction to form a sodium polyacrylate hydrogel, which is sprayed toward the fire point to achieve the effect of extinguishing the fire without clogging the fire extinguishing spray device.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] The invention provides a process and formula for in-situ polymerization at a fire point to form a highly absorbent resin gel. Before reaching the fire point, it is a stable stored aqueous solution, which is a polymerization system composed of an acrylic acid monomer with a neutralization degree of 80-85%, a crosslinking agent and an initiator. In order to stabilize storage and prevent polymerization during storage, a temperature-controlled inhibitor is added. After reaching the fire scene, the high temperature of the fire scene is used to release the inhibitory effect, thereby initiating polymerization. At the same time, the polymerization reaction is an exothermic reaction, and can also initiate the polymerization reaction of the subsequent monomer mixture sprayed together with the temperature of the fire scene, thereby continuously forming a sodium polyacrylate hydrogel. The spraying can be carried out using an ordinary fire-extinguishing water spraying device, which is almost the same as the spraying of water, and completely prevents the occurrence of blockage.

[0034] The present invention has been described in detail above, but the above embodiments are only illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, this article is not limited by any theory described in the above prior art or invention content or the following examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with examples. It should be noted that the following examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection claimed for the present invention.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, methods, etc. used in the examples are conventional raw materials, reagents, methods in the art.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for preparing a fire extinguishing material based on sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin hydrogel comprises the following steps:

[0039] 30 kg of acrylic acid was weighed and dissolved in 1000 kg of deionized water. 75 kg of 30 wt% NaOH aqueous solution was added dropwise under stirring. After cooling to room temperature under stirring, 0.6 kg of diacetone acrylamide, 0.35 kg of potassium persulfate and 0.75 kg of tert-butyl catechol were added and stirred evenly.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A method for preparing a fire extinguishing material based on sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin hydrogel comprises the following steps:

[0042] 32 kg of acrylic acid was weighed and dissolved in 1100 kg of deionized water. 78 kg of 32 wt% NaOH aqueous solution was added dropwise under stirring. After cooling to room temperature under stirring, 0.62 kg of diacetone acrylamide, 0.39 kg of potassium persulfate and 0.85 kg of hydroquinone monomethyl ether were added and stirred evenly.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A method for preparing a fire extinguishing material based on sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin hydrogel comprises the following steps:

[0045] 35 kg of acrylic acid was weighed and dissolved in 1300 kg of deionized water. 90 kg of 31 wt% aqueous KOH solution was added dropwise under stirring. After cooling to room temperature under stirring, 0.9 kg of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 0.45 kg of ammonium persulfate and 0.84 kg of tert-butyl catechol were added and stirred evenly.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] A method for preparing a fire extinguishing material based on sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin hydrogel comprises the following steps:

[0048] 40 kg of acrylic acid was weighed and dissolved in 1400 kg of deionized water. 105 kg of 30 wt% aqueous KOH solution was added dropwise under stirring. After cooling to room temperature under stirring, 0.84 kg of diacetone acrylamide, 0.48 kg of ammonium persulfate and 1.18 kg of hydroquinone monomethyl ether were added and stirred evenly.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that tert-butylcatechol is not added.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is that tert-butylcatechol is replaced by hydroquinone.

[0053] Test example

[0054] Test process:

[0055] The fire extinguishing materials of the embodiment and the comparative example were loaded into a fire extinguishing water spray device for a spray fire extinguishing test, and the state of the fire extinguishing material before the fire extinguishing material arrived at the fire scene, the hydrogel formation after arriving at the fire scene, the spraying condition of the spray device and the fire extinguishing time of the fire extinguishing material were recorded.

[0056] The results are as follows:

[0057]

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents, without departing from the spirit and essence of the claims of the present invention; and these modifications or replacements are still within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing material that can be in-situ polymerized into a highly absorbent resin, characterized in that: Including the following raw materials by mass: The temperature-controlled polymerization inhibitor is one or more selected from hydroquinone monomethyl ether and tert-butyl catechol.

2. The fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 30-32%.

3. The fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is one or more selected from diacetone acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide.

4. The fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initiator is one or more selected from potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate.

5. A method for preparing a fire extinguishing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: Dissolve acrylic acid in water, neutralize with alkali solution, cool to room temperature, add crosslinking agent, initiator and temperature-controlled inhibitor, and stir evenly.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The neutralization temperature is controlled at 0-40℃.

7. Use of the fire extinguishing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in fire extinguishing.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The fire extinguishing material is loaded into a fire extinguishing water spray device. Before reaching the fire scene, it is a monomer mixture. After reaching the fire scene, the high temperature of the fire scene is used to remove the inhibition effect of the temperature-controlled inhibitor, so that the monomer mixture undergoes a polymerization reaction to form a sodium polyacrylate hydrogel, which is sprayed toward the fire point to achieve the effect of extinguishing the fire without clogging the fire extinguishing spray device.

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