Rock landslide physical model device with rear end catchment and low-temperature frost heaving sliding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of landslide simulation tests, in particular to a rock landslide physical model device with rear end catchment and low-temperature frost heaving sliding. A foundation base is divided into a first-layer base, a second-layer base, a third-layer base and a fourth-layer base; thin layer filling is arranged near the interface of the first-layer base, the seepage channel and the second-layer base, near the interface of the second-layer base, the first-layer base and the third-layer base, and near the interface of the third-layer base, the second-layer base and the fourth-layer base; the central part of the second-layer base, the central part of the third-layer base, the central part of the fourth-layer base and the bottom part are filled with thick layers, barite powder is added to serve as hard rock for common bonding, and an adhesive is added. The device can simulate and monitor the process of inducing the slope landslide by rear-end catchment of the rock landslide in a low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of landslide simulation test, in particular to a physical model device of rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave. Background Art

[0002] Rock landslides occur during the low temperature period in winter when rainwater enters the seepage channel through the rear infiltration point and the longitudinal cracks in the surface. Under the influence of low temperature frost heave, the rock strength near the shear outlet at the front edge of the seepage channel is softened, and after a certain period of time, the sliding body finally slides.

[0003] The instability and sliding of weak rock mass caused by the combined effects of water collection at the rear end and low temperature frost heave should be an important consideration in geological surveys. Therefore, the process of slope landslide induced by water collection at the rear end and low temperature frost heave is one of the key issues to be solved in the current research on rock landslide stability.

[0004] In the current slope test devices, most of them place the slope directly in a simple space, without simulating the influence of different water collection conditions and low-temperature frost heave environment at the rear end, resulting in the inability to simulate the actual influence of water collection and low-temperature frost heave at the rear end of the rock landslide when the slope is affected by seepage. The research on the landslide mechanism fails to consider the influence of actual conditions, which is inconsistent with the actual engineering conditions. For example, the Chinese invention patents "Slope model simulating freeze-thaw effects and its test system, manufacturing, and test method" (application number 202010129905.4) and "A geotechnical engineering landslide model test box" (application number 202310870527.9) have freeze-thaw test systems, but they do not provide how to implement them. The existing technology generally adopts external cooling, and the system itself is large in size, which is not convenient for promotion and application. At the same time, it will produce vibrations that affect the test results; in addition, no patent currently considers the seepage of water collection at the rear end to the front edge of the landslide, thereby causing the landslide to occur.

[0005] In view of the above reasons, there is an urgent need to provide a test device for the full-process observation of the slope landslide process induced by the back-end water collection of rock landslides in a low-temperature environment. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a physical model device for rock landslides with rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave. The box of the present invention is equipped with corresponding test devices, environmental simulation devices and monitoring equipment; the test device is based on a fixed foundation base, with a seepage channel and a sliding body with longitudinal cracks at the bottom, and is connected to the corresponding water collection model; the water collection model is equipped with a flow velocity sensor and a flow sensor, and the seepage channel can be equipped with monitoring devices such as seepage sensors and pore water pressure sensors; a cooling plate is provided on the rear side of the box to simulate a low-temperature environment; and a sprinkler device is arranged on the top to simulate long-term precipitation, short-term heavy precipitation and other environments; a high-speed camera, a three-dimensional laser scanner and other devices are also provided inside the box. The present invention can simulate and monitor the slope landslide process induced by rear-end water collection of rock landslides in a low-temperature environment.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a physical model device of rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave, which studies the process and mechanism of landslide formation by prefabricating landslide models and combining the influence of seasonal climate factors. The specific steps are as follows: Use rock materials that meet geological conditions to build a landslide foundation, including a foundation base, a seepage channel and a top sliding body with longitudinal cracks. Install a replaceable water collection model at the rear end to simulate the water collection process in nature. This part constitutes a simulated geological model. In an environment with more rainfall in summer, the water flow of the replaceable rear-end water collection model gradually intensifies through the seepage channel, and the permeability coefficient increases accordingly, resulting in the weakening of the shear stress of its front edge shear outlet and the decrease of rock mass strength. In winter, the rear edge cracks gradually expand due to ice and snow filling, making the front edge shear outlet more obvious. By adjusting the refrigeration module, the temperature is controlled to -5°C to simulate the frost heave effect, resulting in repeated frost heave of the cracks, gradually deepening and widening, and further reducing the stability of the slope. After several seasonal cycles, the water from the rear end gradually penetrates to the shear outlet at the front edge of the seepage channel. The seasonal seepage action continuously expands the internal channel of the rock mass, causing the shear strength of the front edge of the landslide to further decrease. Under the repeated action of long-term seepage and frost heave, the seepage channel gradually breaks along the irregular three-dimensional shear zone, cracks form at the front edge shear outlet, and the stability of the slope further decreases. When subjected to the continuous action of low-temperature frost heave, the sliding body eventually loses stability and slides, which can be captured and analyzed by the acquisition equipment.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it can effectively study the actual engineering impact of rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave sliding on rock landslides. The triangular longitudinal section with the center of gravity biased forward can facilitate the actual sliding of the top sliding body and achieve the test purpose; the refrigeration module can quickly complete the refrigeration operation in a short time to achieve the required refrigeration effect. At the same time, the use of refrigeration plates instead of traditional compressor refrigeration has certain economic benefits and can minimize the vibration of the box to the greatest extent, avoiding the vibration factors during refrigeration from interfering with the model inside the box. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 A side view of a device for simulating the water collection at the rear end of a rock landslide and the low-temperature frost heave-induced slope landslide provided by the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2 It is the overall perspective diagram of the test system;

[0011] Figure 3 This is the overall front view of the test system;

[0012] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A perspective view of a replaceable rear end water collection model 6;

[0013] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A front view of a replaceable rear end water collection model 6;

[0014] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A perspective view of the first connector 4;

[0015] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Middle foundation base 3 perspective view;

[0016] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the lithological filling of the middle seepage channel 2 and the first base 31;

[0017] Fig. 9 for Figure 1 Perspective view of middle seepage channel 2;

[0018] Fig.10 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layers of the middle seepage channel 2;

[0019] Fig.11 for Figure 1 Side view of the middle refrigeration module 9;

[0020] Fig.12 for Figure 1 A perspective view of the refrigeration module 9.

[0021] Explanation of the reference numerals: top slide 1, seepage channel 2, basic base 3, first layer base 31, second layer base 32, third layer base 33, fourth layer base 34, first connector 4, second connector 5, rear end water collection model 6, flow rate sensor 7, sprinkler device 8, refrigeration module 9, fan 91, semiconductor chip 92, thermal conductive copper sheet 93, water cooling device 94, temperature probe 95, water-cooled water pump 96, collection equipment 10, longitudinal crack 11, comprehensive water pump 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The following is a description of the various components of a rock landslide physical model device for rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave sliding according to the present invention.

[0024] 1: The top sliding body 1 is a layered siltstone. The rock mass inclination filling model is set along the foundation base 3 and is set to a triangular prism shape with the center of gravity biased forward. Its longitudinal section is an irregular triangle-like figure. The left vertex is the coordinate origin of the plane rectangular coordinate system. The image can be approximately expressed by the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, x is the horizontal coordinate of the plane rectangular coordinate system, and y is the vertical coordinate of the plane rectangular coordinate system. The top sliding body 1 generated by this formula can restore the morphology of the 1.22 landslide site in Zhenxiong County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province to the greatest extent. The bottom is fitted with the seepage channel in a multi-segmented manner, forming a triangular longitudinal section with the center of gravity biased forward, which is conducive to the actual sliding of the top sliding body 1 and achieves the purpose of the test, thereby providing a decision-making reference for the prevention of similar rock structures.

[0027] A longitudinal crack 11 is arranged at the top right position to simulate the rock crack in the actual engineering environment, and also to soften the shear outlet strength of the interior of the sliding body and the front edge of the seepage channel 2, thereby providing conditions for the sliding of the sliding body.

[0028] 2: Seepage channel 2 is designed as a plane strip, its direction is opposite to the rock mass, and a shear outlet is formed at the front edge. In order to simulate the actual situation, the seepage channel 2 is filled with a mixture of coarse-grained and fine-grained siltstone, sandy clay, gypsum, quartz sandstone and concrete, and barite powder is added as hard rock for bonding, and the on-site sedimentation process is simulated to form a naturally deposited layered structure. An appropriate amount of adhesive is added to make a corresponding mold according to the shape of the seepage channel 2 for pressing and vibration, so that rock materials of different particle sizes are distributed as expected, thereby forming a coarse and fine rock form, and a replaceable rear-end water collection model 6 is connected along the lower edge of the seepage channel 2 to provide a seepage-related water environment, and can cooperate with the refrigerator 9 to simulate low-temperature frost heave.

[0029] 3: The foundation base 3 is filled with different rock materials in soft and hard alternations. Different rock conditions can be simulated through different material properties to obtain targeted and practical engineering results. The foundation base 3 is divided into the first base 31, the second base 32, the third base 33, and the fourth base 34; each base layer is filled with siltstone, sandy clay, gypsum, quartz sandstone and concrete. The thin layer filling is designed near the interface of each base layer, that is, near the interface between the first base 31 and the seepage channel 2 and the second base 32, near the interface between the second base 32 and the first base 31 and the third base 33, and near the interface between the third base 33 and the second base 32 and the fourth base 34. The area far from the interface of each base layer is designed to be filled with thick layers, and barite powder is added as hard rock for bonding, and an appropriate amount of adhesive is added to form a naturally deposited layered structure, that is, the center of the second base layer 32, the center of the third base layer 33, the center of the fourth base layer 34 and the bottom are filled with thick layers and barite powder is added as hard rock for bonding, and an appropriate amount of adhesive is added. The foundation base 3 as a whole presents a morphology of alternating soft and hard layers and thick and thin layers.

[0030] 4: First connector 4, the first connector 4 is arranged opposite to the second connector 5, that is, the second connector 5 is a male connector, and the first connector 4 is a female connector. The first connector 4 is made of acrylic material or lighter metal material, and is designed with a rectangular groove and two limit screw holes in shape. It is fixed on the rear side of the first base 31, and the top of the first connector 4 is flush with the bottom of the seepage channel 2. The first connector 4 is easy to fix on the replaceable rear water collection model 6 and provides a rear water collection environment for the seepage channel 2.

[0031] 5: The second connector 5 is made of acrylic material or lighter metal material, and is designed with a rectangular protrusion and two limit screw holes. It is fixed to the bottom of the replaceable rear end water collection model 6, and can be inserted into the first connector 4 and fixed with M4 screws.

[0032] 6: Replaceable rear-end water catchment model 6, the model is designed to simulate the wide-angle water catchment conditions of a flat hillside, with water retaining plates on both sides and a water inlet designed at the front end. The width of the water inlet is equal to that of the seepage channel 2, and the access position of the water inlet is flush with the bottom of the seepage channel 2 and in contact with the bottom surface of the seepage channel 2; rear-end water catchment models of other shapes can be made and installed to simulate more water catchment terrain features, so as to analyze more about the impact of rear-end water catchment conditions.

[0033] 7: Flow rate sensor 7 is arranged near the water inlet of the rear-end water catchment model 6 to monitor the actual water flow, real-time water flow rate, duration and other information in the rear-end water catchment model 6. Placing the flow rate sensor 7 near the water inlet can minimize the measurement gap caused by different water catchment models, which is convenient for accurate analysis of relevant test results.

[0034] 8: The sprinkler 8 is connected to the comprehensive water pump 12 and is used to simulate various natural environmental conditions such as long-term rainfall and short-term heavy rainfall. The sprinkler 8 is received by the longitudinal cracks 11 at the top of the sliding body and the replaceable rear end water collection model 6, and is collected into the seepage channel 2 from the rear end of the seepage channel 2 under the influence of the long cracks after the longitudinal cracks 11 penetrate and the specific water collection conditions.

[0035] 9: Refrigeration module 9, which connects the inside of the box with the outside, is an important hub for heat exchange between the inside of the box and the outside. Refrigeration module 9 includes semiconductor chip 92, fan 91, temperature probe 95, thermal conductive copper sheet 93 and water cooling device 94, wherein 9 semiconductor chips 92 can be provided, each semiconductor chip 92 is laid flat, and fan 91 and water cooling device 94 are provided on both sides of 12706 semiconductor chip for efficient heat exchange, fan 91 faces the side of sprinkler 8, water cooling pump 96 is connected with water cooling device 94, thermal conductive copper sheet 93 is connected with water cooling device 94 and semiconductor chip 92 respectively; water cooling pump 96 is provided outside the box. Temperature probe 95 is provided at the lower part of fan 91 or inside the box, and computer collects temperature probe 95 to control the operation of semiconductor chip 92 and fan 91, thereby controlling the temperature inside the box. The refrigeration module provided in this way can quickly complete the refrigeration operation in a short time and achieve the required refrigeration effect. At the same time, refrigeration plates are used instead of traditional compressor refrigeration, which has certain economic benefits and can minimize the vibration of the box to the greatest extent, avoiding the interference of vibration factors during refrigeration on the model inside the box.

[0036] Violent fan 91: It is powered by 12V voltage and 0.84A current, and its maximum speed can reach 20,000 revolutions per minute. It is used to distribute the cooling capacity of the cold end of the semiconductor chip 92 into the box, accelerate the decrease of the box environment temperature, and quickly reach the set temperature.

[0037] The semiconductor chip 92 is preferably a 12706 semiconductor chip, which is a thermopile structure cooling chip formed by connecting a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor. When an external voltage is applied, the P-type semiconductor absorbs heat for cooling and the N-type semiconductor dissipates heat. It has the advantages of small size, no vibration, no noise, rapid cooling, and reliable cooling effect. It is widely used in small and medium-sized equipment. In this device, 9 12706 semiconductor chips are laid flat for cooling, which can reduce the temperature in the box to 0 degrees Celsius in a short time. The designed minimum temperature is minus 10 degrees Celsius.

[0038] The heat-conducting copper sheet 93 absorbs and transfers the heat emitted by the hot end of the semiconductor sheet 92, which can help effectively solve the problem of overheating of the hot end. Each semiconductor sheet 92 is connected to the heat-conducting copper sheet 93 through a heat-conducting silicone grease material to improve the heat conduction efficiency.

[0039] The water cooling device 94 is fixed to the rear end of the heat-conducting copper plate 93, and cools the heat-conducting copper plate 93 by water circulation, thereby achieving temperature control of the hot end of the semiconductor chip 92, improving the cooling effect and preventing the semiconductor chip from being damaged.

[0040] The temperature probe 95 can collect the temperature data in the box in real time and link with the computer module. When the temperature reaches the set temperature value, the computer module can limit and suspend the refrigeration system to maintain the set temperature.

[0041] The water-cooling pump 96 can realize water circulation in the water-cooling device 94 to ensure its heat dissipation effect.

[0042] The acquisition device 10 includes a high-speed camera and a three-dimensional laser scanner. The acquisition device 10 is installed inside the box and connected to the computer module. It records the real-time status of the sliding body from different angles and is an important part of the test device.

[0043] The longitudinal crack 11 is arranged at the top right position of the top sliding body 1 to simulate the rock crack in the actual engineering environment.

[0044] The comprehensive water pump 12 is connected to the computer module, which can control the water output, water output pressure and other information, but the actual water output data is attenuated due to factors such as pipeline transportation loss. The specific monitoring and calculation data adopts the data measured by the sensors in the flow and flow velocity sensor 7 of the back-end water collection model 6.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, a physical model device of rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave of the present invention includes a box body, which is a rectangular container made of insulation material and is connected to related devices on the outside. A hose connected to a comprehensive water pump 12 is connected to the left side of the top of the outer surface of the box body, and a sprinkler device 8 is arranged inside the upper part of the box body. Collection equipment 10 is arranged on the side of the inner surface of the box body.

[0046] A basic base 3 is arranged inside the box, and a replaceable rear water collection model 6 is fixed on one side of the upper side of the basic base 3 through a first connector 4 and a second connector 5. A seepage channel 2 is arranged directly above the basic base 3, and the rear water collection model 6 is flush with the bottom of the seepage channel 2. A top sliding body 1 is arranged on the seepage channel 2, and a longitudinal crack 11 is arranged on the top of the top sliding body 1. A comprehensive water pump 12 is connected to and controlled by a computer module. The comprehensive water pump 12 can deliver water to the sprinkler 8. The sprinkler 8 is arranged on the upper part of the rear water collection model 6 and the top sliding body 1, and a refrigeration module 9 is arranged on one side of the cavity formed by the sprinkler 8, the rear water collection model 6 and the top sliding body 1. In this way, the refrigeration module 9 of the present invention can cool the water of the entire box and the sprinkler 8. At the same time, the refrigeration module 9 of the present invention has the characteristics of small equipment and fast refrigeration, and is particularly suitable for a rock landslide physical model device caused by low-temperature frost heave, which reduces the volume of system equipment and reduces the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

[0047] The present invention sets a sprinkler 8 on the top of the box body, which is used to provide relevant water conditions to the longitudinal cracks 11 on the top sliding body 1 and the replaceable rear end water collection model 6; the replaceable rear end water collection model 6 is arranged on one side of the foundation base 3 through the first connector 4 and the second connector 5, and the water source of the sprinkler 8 is collected by the replaceable rear end water collection model 6 and then flows into the simulated seepage channel 2; water gathers inside the simulated longitudinal cracks 11 and the seepage channel 2, and under the joint influence of the low temperature environment provided by the refrigeration module 9, affects the strength of the rock material near the longitudinal cracks 11 in the top sliding body 1 and near the front edge shear outlet of the seepage channel 2, so as to generate sliding conditions; a collection device 10 is set in front of the foundation base 3, and the collection device 10 can monitor and record the real-time state of the top sliding body 1, so as to simulate the rear end water collection and low temperature frost heaving of the rock landslide in reality, thereby causing the cracks in the sliding body and the rocks near the front edge shear outlet of the seepage channel 2 to break, causing the slope to be unstable, and can simulate and detect the stability changes of the slope induced by the rear end water collection and low temperature conditions of the rock landslide.

[0048] When in use, first use the corresponding lithological materials to arrange the foundation base 3, the seepage channel 2 and the top sliding body 1 with the longitudinal cracks 11, and use the first connector 4 and the second connector 5 to fix the replaceable rear end water collection model 6 part; adjust the corresponding temperature of the refrigeration module 9 to -5 degrees Celsius in the computer module to simulate the actual environment of Zhenxiong, Yunnan, and adjust the wind speed to a suitable size; turn on the comprehensive water pump 12 to inject water into the sprinkler 8, and at the same time adjust the water pressure, flow rate and other parameters of the comprehensive water pump 12 in the computer module. Under the rear end water collection of the replaceable rear end water collection model 6, the seepage channel 2 becomes more unobstructed, resulting in an increasing permeability coefficient, thereby making the front edge shear outlet more obvious. At the same time, under the low temperature environment caused by the refrigeration module 9, the longitudinal cracks 11 on the top sliding body 1 are intermittently in a frozen heave state, so that it gradually expands, and the distance from the front edge shear outlet of the seepage channel 2 gradually decreases, and the stability of the slope is further reduced. Finally, under the frequent effects of long-term rear-end water seepage and low-temperature frost heave, the seepage channel 2 presents a band-shaped rupture along an obviously irregular three-dimensional shear zone, breaking through its front edge shear outlet to form a crack, and the slope stability is reduced to a critical stable state. Under the action of a certain low-temperature frost heave, the slope eventually loses stability and slides. The test device records and analyzes the stability of the sliding body under different parameters according to whether the top sliding body 1 monitored by the acquisition device 10 has relative sliding. In addition, the test device can output in real time the data monitored by the flow velocity and flow sensor 7 equipped with the replaceable rear-end water model 6 and the data monitored by the strain gauge, seepage sensor, and pore water pressure sensor on the seepage channel 2 (if optional). The above is a one-time test. If multiple tests are performed, they can be repeated according to the above operations.

Claims

1. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave; comprising a box, the top of the outer surface of the box is connected to a hose of a comprehensive water pump, a sprinkler is arranged inside the upper part of the box; a collection device is arranged on the side of the inner surface of the box; a basic base is arranged inside the box, characterized in that: The rear end water collection model is fixed to one side of the upper side of the foundation base through the first connector and the second connector, the seepage channel is arranged directly above the foundation base, the rear end water collection model is flush with the bottom of the seepage channel, a top sliding body is arranged on the seepage channel, and a longitudinal crack is arranged on the top of the top sliding body; the sprinkler is arranged on the upper part of the rear end water collection model and the top sliding body, and the refrigeration module is arranged on one side of the cavity formed by the sprinkler, the rear end water collection model and the top sliding body; the foundation base is divided into a first layer base, a second layer base, a third layer base and a fourth layer base; the interface between the first layer base and the seepage channel and the second layer base, the interface between the second layer base and the first layer base and the third layer base, and the interface between the third layer base and the second layer base and the fourth layer base are filled with a thin layer; the center of the second layer base and the center of the third layer base The center and bottom parts of the fourth-layer base are filled with thick layers and barite powder is added as hard rock for bonding, and adhesive is added; the rear-end water catchment model is to simulate the wide-angle water catchment conditions of a flat slope, and water retaining plates are arranged on both sides of the rear-end water catchment model, and a water inlet is designed at the front end. The width of the water inlet is equal to that of the seepage channel, and the access position of the water inlet is flush with the bottom of the seepage channel and contacts with the bottom surface of the seepage channel; the refrigeration module includes a semiconductor chip, a fan, a temperature probe, a thermal conductive copper sheet and a water cooling device. The semiconductor chips are laid flat, and the fan and the water cooling device are arranged on both sides of the semiconductor chip. The fan faces the side of the sprinkler device, the water-cooled pump is connected to the water cooling device, and the thermal conductive copper sheet is connected to the water cooling device and the semiconductor chip respectively; the water-cooled pump is arranged outside the box, and the temperature probe is arranged at the bottom of the fan or inside the box.

2. According to claim 1, a rock landslide physical model device for rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave sliding, characterized in that: The top sliding body is a layered siltstone rock mass dip filling model set along the foundation base. The top sliding body takes the left vertex as the origin of the plane rectangular coordinate system. The image approximation formula is: Among them, x is the horizontal coordinate of the plane rectangular coordinate system, and y is the vertical coordinate of the plane rectangular coordinate system.

3. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The box body is a rectangular container made of heat-insulating material, and the longitudinal crack is arranged at the right side of the top of the top sliding body.

4. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The integrated water pump is connected to the computer module, and the integrated water pump delivers water to the sprinkler device.

5. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The seepage channel is in the form of a plane strip, with its direction opposite to the rock mass and a shear outlet formed at the front edge; the seepage channel is filled with a mixture of coarse-grained and fine-grained siltstone, sandy clay, gypsum, quartz sandstone and concrete, and barite powder is added as hard rock for bonding.

6. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first connector is arranged opposite to the second connector, the first connector is made of acrylic material or lighter metal material, fixed on the rear side of the first base, the top of the first connector is flush with the bottom of the seepage channel, the first connector is fixed on the replaceable rear end water collection model, and provides a rear end water collection environment for the seepage channel; the second connector is made of acrylic material or lighter metal material, fixed on the bottom of the replaceable rear end water collection model, and can be inserted into the first connector and fixed.

7. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a flow rate sensor, which is arranged at a position close to the water inlet of the rear end water collection model.

8. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are 9 semiconductor wafers, and the semiconductor wafer is 12706 semiconductor wafer.

9. A physical model device for rock landslide caused by rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The acquisition equipment includes a high-speed camera and a three-dimensional laser scanner, and the acquisition equipment is installed inside the box.

10. A rock landslide physical model device for rear-end water collection and low-temperature frost heave sliding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The experimental steps of the rock landslide physical model device are as follows: construct the landslide foundation, which includes the foundation base, seepage channel and the top sliding body with longitudinal cracks; install the rear-end water catchment model; in the environment of heavy rainfall in summer, the water flow of the rear-end water catchment model through the seepage channel gradually intensifies, and the permeability coefficient increases accordingly; in winter, the temperature is controlled by adjusting the refrigeration module to simulate the frost heave effect; after several seasonal cycles, the rear-end water gradually penetrates to the front edge shear outlet of the seepage channel, and the seasonal seepage action continuously expands the internal channel of the rock mass; under the repeated action of long-term seepage and frost heave, the seepage channel gradually breaks along the irregular three-dimensional shear zone, and cracks are formed at the front edge shear outlet, and the sliding body eventually becomes unstable and slides, which is captured by the acquisition equipment and analyzed.

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