Method for measuring energy consumption in heating process of glass batch

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring energy consumption in a glass batch heating process, which comprises the following steps: pressing a glass batch to be measured into a cake-shaped sample, putting the cake-shaped sample into a measuring crucible of a heat flow measuring device, and leaving a reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device to be vacant; a measuring crucible and a reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device are arranged in the heating chamber; a heating chamber is opened, and the temperature is increased to the batch melting and clarifying temperature according to a preset heating curve; in the heating process, a changing curve of the heat flow difference q of the measuring crucible and the reference crucible along with time t and a changing curve of the mass m of the batch in the measuring crucible along with time t are recorded; merging the q-t curve and the m-t curve to obtain a q / m-t curve; and integrating the q / m-t curve to obtain the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q of the batch per unit mass in the heating process. According to the invention, rapid measurement of approximate theoretical energy consumption in the heating process of the glass batch can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of glass technology, and in particular to a method for measuring energy consumption during the heating process of a glass batch material, so as to achieve measurement of approximate theoretical energy consumption during the heating process of the glass batch material. Background Art

[0002] Glass is an important amorphous inorganic non-metallic material. The vast majority of glass belongs to the silicate glass system, and almost 99% of glass is produced by the melt-cooling method. The introduction of different oxides into the glass composition can give glass unique physical, chemical and processing properties. To save production costs, in addition to optical glass and specialty glass, products such as flat glass, container glass, and glass fiber incorporate a large amount of mineral raw materials such as quartz sand, feldspar, magnesite, dolomite, and calcite into the batch materials. These raw materials, combined with chemical raw materials, can form a glass liquid under heating. The glass liquid is further clarified and then formed and annealed to form a solid glass block or glass product.

[0003] Glass is not only an important basic raw material for the development of my country's national economy, but its role is becoming increasingly prominent with the advancement of technology and the expansion of application scenarios. It has become one of the key materials supporting strategic emerging industries. Glass is widely used in construction, automobiles, information, energy, medicine, aerospace, national defense, decoration and people's livelihood.

[0004] The main products of my country's glass industry include float glass, photovoltaic glass, household glass, glass fiber, electronic glass, pharmaceutical glass, and specialty glass. Currently, my country's total glass product output reaches 130 million tons, of which flat glass (including float and rolled glass) accounts for over 70% of the industry's total production capacity. The manufacturing and processing of glass products emits approximately 100 million tons of carbon dioxide, making the glass industry the largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the building materials industry, second only to the cement and ceramic industries.

[0005] Glass melting involves heating batch materials at high temperatures into a molten glass suitable for forming. This complex and inefficient process, with a thermal efficiency of only 30% to 40%, is nonetheless an essential step in glass production. Melting glass batch materials is a highly complex process, encompassing a series of physical, chemical, and physicochemical phenomena and reactions that transform the mechanical mixture of various raw materials into a chemical melt, or molten glass. The glass melting process transforms the solid phase into a liquid phase, gradually eliminating typical defects such as bubbles, stones, and streaks.

[0006] In order to promote the realization of the dual carbon (carbon peak and carbon neutrality) goals, the glass industry must explore energy conservation and emission reduction in multiple dimensions. In addition to technical means such as large-scale kilns, insulation of kilns, and replacement of energy-saving equipment, people have begun to pay attention to raw material substitution in order to obtain new ways to save energy and reduce carbon (carbon dioxide). They hope to develop an energy-saving float glass formula with low melting temperature, low raw material price and stable source.

[0007] Glass formulations are composed of various raw materials, mixed together to meet the glass's chemical composition design requirements. These different raw material combinations create a vast array of glass formulations. Determining whether a newly created glass formulation is energy-efficient and whether it can support my country's "dual carbon" strategy has become a current technical challenge.

[0008] The theoretical energy consumption of a glass formula is generally associated with carbon dioxide emissions (carbon emissions for short). Under the same energy conditions (electricity, coal, oil, gas, etc.), if the theoretical energy consumption is reduced, the carbon emissions will be reduced accordingly. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a method to measure the approximate theoretical energy consumption of glass batch materials during the heating process. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for measuring the energy consumption of glass batch materials during the heating process, which can achieve the measurement of the approximate theoretical energy consumption of glass batch materials during the heating process, provide an evaluation method for reducing the energy consumption of glass raw materials and glass batch materials during the melting process, and facilitate the optimization of the formula.

[0010] The present invention discloses a method for measuring energy consumption during heating of a glass batch material, comprising:

[0011] Step 1: Press the glass batch material to be tested into a cake-shaped sample, and place the cake-shaped sample in a measuring crucible of a heat flow measuring device, while leaving the reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device empty;

[0012] Step 2: placing the measuring crucible and the reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device in the heating chamber;

[0013] Step 3: Open the heating chamber and heat it to the melting and clarifying temperature of the batch material according to the preset heating curve; during the heating process, record the change curve of the heat flow difference q between the measuring crucible (measuring end) and the reference crucible (reference end) over time t, and the change curve of the batch material mass m in the measuring crucible over time t;

[0014] Step 4: Combine the Qt curve and the MT curve to obtain the Q / MT curve;

[0015] Step 5: Integrate the q / mt curve to obtain the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q of unit mass of batch material during the heating process.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the heat flow measuring device comprises: a measuring crucible and a reference crucible;

[0017] The measuring crucible and the reference crucible are placed on a heat flow sensor, which is connected to a temperature detection system and detects the heat flow difference q between the measuring crucible and the reference crucible based on the temperature detection system; the heat flow sensor is connected to a balance system and detects the mass m of the batch material in the measuring crucible based on the balance system.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the measuring crucible and the reference crucible are flat-bottomed straight crucibles made of platinum 80 rhodium 20 alloy. The crucible specifications of the measuring crucible and the reference crucible are consistent, both with a diameter of 8mm to 12mm and a depth of 6mm to 8mm.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 1, the glass batch to be tested should meet a mixing uniformity of more than 99%, the glass batch is added to a sample embedding mold that matches the inner diameter of the crucible, and pressed into a cake-shaped sample under a pressure of 10MPa to 20MPa; the mass of the cake-shaped sample is weighed to an accuracy of 0.1mg; and the cake-shaped sample is moved to a measuring crucible using pointed tweezers and placed flat in the crucible.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, an exhaust hole is provided on the top of the heating chamber, the heating range of the heating chamber is: room temperature to 1800°C, the heating element of the heating chamber is a platinum-rhodium alloy heating wire, Rh 20wt% to 50wt%, Pt 50wt% to 80wt%; the temperature accuracy is to 0.1°C.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 3, the heating chamber is opened, and in an air atmosphere, the flow rate is 10 ml / min to 100 ml / min, and the temperature is increased at 5°C / min to 20°C / min until the melting and clarification temperature of the batch material is reached. The melting and clarification temperature is the temperature corresponding to a glass viscosity of 200 poise.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the calculation formula of the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q of unit mass batch material in the heating process is:

[0023] Q=∫q / m*dt

[0024] Where Q is in joules per gram (J), q is in millijoules per second (milliwatt), or mJ / s (mW), and m is in milligrams (mg).

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention obtains the energy consumption of the glass batch to be tested by a reference control method. The amount of glass batch required for the test is small, the test system structure is simple, the test method is simple and efficient, and the approximate theoretical energy consumption of the glass batch during heating can be quickly measured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for measuring energy consumption during heating of a glass batch disclosed in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the heat flow measurement device disclosed in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the qt curve disclosed in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mt curve disclosed in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the q / mt curve disclosed in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 1-1 of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 1-2 of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulations 1-3 of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 2-1 of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 2-2 of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 2-3 of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 3-1 of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 3-2 of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the qt, mt, and q / mt curves of formulation 3-3 of Example 3 of the present invention.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1. Measuring crucible; 2. Reference crucible; 3. Heat flow sensor; 4. Temperature detection system; 5. Balance system; 6. Heating chamber; 7. Platinum-rhodium alloy heating wire; 8. Exhaust hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for measuring energy consumption during the heating process of a glass batch, comprising:

[0046] Step 1: Mix the glass batch material to be tested to achieve a uniformity of more than 99%; for uniformity, the glass batch material to be tested may be ground as necessary to ensure that no impurities are introduced; take 0.3g to 0.5g of the uniformly mixed glass batch material, add it to a sample insert mold that matches the inner diameter of the crucible, and press it into a cake-shaped sample under a pressure of 10MPa to 20MPa; weigh the cake-shaped sample to an accuracy of 0.1mg; use pointed tweezers to move the cake-shaped sample to the measuring crucible of the heat flow measuring device and place it flat in the measuring crucible; the reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device is empty.

[0047] like Figure 2As shown, the heat flow measuring device of the present invention includes: a measuring crucible 1 and a reference crucible 2. The measuring crucible 1 and the reference crucible 2 are placed on a heat flow sensor 3. The heat flow sensor 3 is connected to a temperature detection system 4. The temperature detection system 4 detects the heat flow difference q between the measuring crucible (measuring end) and the reference crucible (reference end). The unit of q is millijoule per second (milliwatt), i.e., mJ / s (mW). The heat flow sensor 3 is connected to a balance system 5. The balance system 5 detects the mass m of the batch material in the measuring crucible 1. The unit of m is milligrams (mg). The measuring crucible 1 and the reference crucible 2 are flat-bottomed straight cylindrical crucibles made of platinum 80 rhodium 20 alloy. The crucible specifications of the measuring crucible 1 and the reference crucible 2 are the same: diameter 8mm to 12mm, depth 6mm to 8mm.

[0048] Step 2: Place the measuring crucible 1 and the reference crucible 2 of the heat flow measuring device in a heating chamber 6; wherein, an exhaust hole 8 is provided on the top of the heating chamber 6, and the heating range of the heating chamber 6 is: room temperature to 1800°C. The heating element of the heating chamber 6 is a platinum-rhodium alloy heating wire 7, Rh 20wt% to 50wt%, Pt 50wt% to 80wt%; the temperature accuracy is to 0.1°C.

[0049] Step 3. Open the heating chamber and, in an air atmosphere, increase the temperature at a flow rate of 10 ml / min to 100 ml / min and 5°C / min to 20°C / min until the batch material reaches the melting and clarification temperature, which is the temperature corresponding to a glass viscosity of 200 poise. During the heating process, due to the complexity of the batch material raw materials and the complex physical processes and chemical reactions that occur during the heating process, the heat flow difference q and mass m under each heating temperature condition (or at each time t) are different. Therefore, the change curve of the heat flow difference q between the measuring crucible (measuring end) and the reference crucible (reference end) over time (heating time) t and the change curve of the batch material mass m in the measuring crucible over time t are recorded to obtain Figure 3 The qt curve shown and Figure 4 The mt curve shown in the figure is in seconds (s), accurate to 0.1s.

[0050] Step 4: Combine the qt curve and the mt curve to obtain Figure 5 The q / mt curve shown;

[0051] Step 5: Integrate the q / mt curve to obtain the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q of the unit mass of batch material during the heating process. The approximate theoretical energy consumption Q is Figure 5 The area of ​​the integral sum in ; the unit is joule (J); where Q = ∫q / m*dt.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A low-alumina alkali-aluminosilicate glass has a chemical composition (by mass percentage) of SiO₂ 70.54, Al₂O₃ 4.25, Na₂O 13.81, K₂O 0.82, CaO 6.22, MgO 4.32, and Fe₂O₃ 0.04. Mineral sand (introducing SiO₂), sea sand (introducing SiO₂), dolomite, alumina, and soda ash were used. Also included were sodium sulfate, carbon powder, and potassium carbonate. Fe₂O₃ is an impurity in the raw materials and does not need to be introduced separately. Three basic formulas (in grams) were calculated based on the raw materials, designated 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, as shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Example 2

[0058] An ultra-high aluminum content alkali-aluminosilicate glass has a chemical composition (by mass percentage) of SiO₂ 61.42, Al₂O₃ 19.78, Li₂O 3.96, Na₂O 4.33, K₂O 0.73, MgO 3.41, ZrO₂ 2.84, Y₂O₃ 3.51, and Fe₂O₃ 0.02. Quartz sand, aluminum oxide, lithium carbonate, soda ash, potassium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, zircon, and yttrium oxide were used. Fe₂O₃ is an impurity in the raw materials and does not need to be introduced separately. Three basic formulas (in grams) were calculated based on the raw materials, designated 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, as shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2

[0060]

[0061] Example 3

[0062] An alkali-free aluminosilicate glass has a chemical composition (by mass percentage) of SiO₂ 60.74, Al₂O₃ 19.91, B₂O₃ 1.57, SrO₂ 8.41, CaO 4.55, MgO 4.36, SnO₂ 0.45, and Fe₂O₃ 0.01. Quartz sands from Bengbu (designated Quartz Sand A), Qichun (designated Quartz Sand B), and Fengyang (designated Quartz Sand C) were used, along with aluminum oxide, boron oxide, strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and tin oxide. Fe₂O₃ is an impurity in the raw materials and does not need to be introduced separately. Three basic formulas (in grams) were calculated based on the raw materials, designated 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3, as shown in Table 3.

[0063] Table 3

[0064]

[0065] Grind the required raw materials quickly and sieve them through a 100-200 mesh standard sieve (75-147 microns in diameter) for later use. Weigh each raw material according to the recipe, mix and grind, and weigh 0.3-0.5 g of the uniformly mixed batch. Using a sample embedding machine and a sample embedding mold (8-12 mm in diameter, 6-8 mm in depth), add the batch to the mold. Press the sample into a round cake-shaped sample at a pressure of 10-20 MPa. Remove the sample and weigh it again, recording its mass as m0. Use pointed tweezers to transfer it to the measuring crucible of the heat flow machine and place it flat inside the crucible. The high-temperature viscosity of the glasses of Examples 1 to 3 was measured, and the melting and clarifying temperatures were 1465°C, 1567°C, and 1643°C, respectively. The heating chamber was turned on, and under an air atmosphere, the flow rate was 10 ml / min to 100 ml / min, and the temperature was increased at 5°C / min to 20°C / min until the melting and clarifying temperature of the batch was reached. The Qt curve and the MT curve were obtained respectively, and the two were combined to obtain the Q / MT curve. The Qt curves, MT curves, and Q / MT curves of the 9 formulations of Examples 1 to 3 are as follows: Figures 6 to 14 ; Then the q / mt curve is time-integrated to obtain ∫q / m*dt, which is the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q per unit mass of the batch material during the heating process. The approximate theoretical energy consumption of the nine formulations in the three groups of embodiments is shown in Table 4.

[0066] Table 4

[0067]

[0068] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials, characterized in that: include: Step 1, pressing the glass batch material to be tested into a cake-shaped sample, placing the cake-shaped sample in a measuring crucible of a heat flow measuring device, and leaving the reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device empty; Step 2, placing the measuring crucible and the reference crucible of the heat flow measuring device in the heating chamber; Step 3, open the heating chamber, and heat it to the melting and clarifying temperature of the batch material according to the preset heating curve; during the heating process, record the change curve of the heat flow difference q between the measuring crucible and the reference crucible over time t and the change curve of the batch material mass m in the measuring crucible over time t; Step 4: Combine the qt curve and the mt curve to obtain the q / mt curve; Step 5: Integrate the q / mt curve to obtain the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q of unit mass of batch material during the heating process.

2. The method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat flow measuring device comprises: a measuring crucible and a reference crucible; The measuring crucible and the reference crucible are placed on a heat flow sensor, which is connected to a temperature detection system to detect a heat flow difference q between the measuring crucible and the reference crucible based on the temperature detection system; the heat flow sensor is connected to a balance system to detect a batch mass m in the measuring crucible based on the balance system.

3. The method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The measuring crucible and the reference crucible are flat-bottomed straight-cylindrical crucibles made of platinum 80 rhodium 20 alloy. The crucible specifications of the measuring crucible and the reference crucible are consistent, both of which are: diameter 8mm~12mm, depth 6mm~8mm.

4. The method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the glass batch to be tested should satisfy a mixing uniformity of more than 99%. The glass batch is added into a sample embedding mold matching the inner diameter of the crucible, and pressed into a cake-shaped sample at a pressure of 10MPa to 20MPa; the mass of the cake-shaped sample is weighed with an accuracy of 0.1mg; the cake-shaped sample is moved to a measuring crucible using pointed tweezers and placed flat in the crucible.

5. The method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating range of the heating chamber is: room temperature to 1800°C, the heating element of the heating chamber is a platinum-rhodium alloy heating wire, Rh 20wt% to 50wt%, Pt 50wt% to 80wt%; the temperature accuracy is to 0.1°C.

6. The method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the heating chamber is opened, and the temperature is increased at a flow rate of 10 ml / min to 100 ml / min and 5° C. / min to 20° C. / min in an air atmosphere until the batch material melting and clarifying temperature is reached.

7. The method for measuring energy consumption during heating of glass batch materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the approximate theoretical energy consumption Q of unit mass batch in the heating process is: Q=∫q / m*dt Where Q is in joules per gram, q is in millijoules per second, and m is in milligrams.

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