Integrated high-precision geological exploration method for deep edge part of old mine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly discloses an old mine deep edge integrated high-precision geological exploration method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out construction alteration special mapping in a mining area to obtain a construction alteration special mapping result; implementing time-frequency electromagnetic sounding measurement work to obtain a time-frequency electromagnetic sounding interpretation result, and delineating resistivity and polarizability abnormal regions; establishing a three-dimensional space model of the mining area by integrating the construction alteration special mapping result and the time-frequency electromagnetic sounding interpretation result, and updating the established three-dimensional space model; geogas geochemical measurement is carried out above the residual abnormal area after the non-mine-induced abnormal area is excluded and in an exposed area of the structure related to the abnormity, and a geogas geochemical abnormal area is delineated; superposing a geogas geochemical anomaly map on the established three-dimensional space model, and delineating an overlapping region of a resistivity and polarizability anomaly region and a geogas geochemical anomaly region as a to-be-verified anomaly region; and engineering verification is carried out on the delineated to-be-verified abnormal region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to an integrated high-precision geological exploration method for deep and side areas of old mines. Background Art

[0002] The most widely used geological prospecting methods at present mainly include five categories: geological prospecting methods, geochemical prospecting methods, geophysical prospecting methods, remote sensing technology prospecting methods and engineering technology prospecting methods. Each prospecting method contains many specific prospecting technical means, such as: special mapping methods of tectonic alteration in geological prospecting methods, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding in geophysical prospecting methods, and geogas geochemistry in geochemical prospecting methods.

[0003] Special mapping of structural alteration is an important technology in geological survey. It mainly studies the details of geological structure and altered rocks in the work area. It is an important method in geology for identifying and analyzing mineralization potential areas. This technology is highly targeted and effective for hydrothermal deposits. It is currently widely used and relatively mature.

[0004] Time-frequency electromagnetic sounding is a type of electromagnetic exploration method developed on the basis of controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric method and long offset transient electromagnetic method. Time-frequency electromagnetic technology uses long straight wire source excitation to combine frequency domain sounding with time domain sounding in one system. Different frequencies and different types of excitation waveforms can be selected according to the depth of the exploration target. It can not only provide resistivity information, but also provide excitation polarization information. It has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, large detection depth, and high resolution. It is an effective method for studying the spatial distribution of structures and indicating mineralization. After more than 20 years of development, this technology has become a new geophysical exploration method that plays an important role in geological exploration.

[0005] The geochemical method of ground gas is a method with strong penetration. It mainly studies the chemical composition or geochemical characteristics of the gas to discover gas anomalies related to the exploration target (including mercury, iodine, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, hydrocarbon gas, sulfur-carbon-oxygen compounds, neon, radon, etc.), and then searches or predicts the target. It is especially suitable for finding deep blind mines and hidden mines in covered areas. In recent years, geochemical exploration technology of ground gas has developed rapidly, including deep-penetrating geochemical exploration technologies such as electrogeochemistry, geoaerosol geochemistry, and active geochemistry of metal elements, which have gradually matured in theory and application, and have played an important role in the practice of finding hidden mines.

[0006] In the field of geological exploration, the three methods of tectonic alteration mapping, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding and geogas geochemistry each play an important role in different aspects, but their combined application has not been reported in the literature.

[0007] Special mapping of tectonic alteration plays an important role in geological exploration. It can highlight the structural and alteration factors that are closely related to mineralization, weaken the geological factors that are not closely related to mineralization, and make the exploration work more targeted. However, special mapping of tectonic alteration is only the statistical result of observation of known geological phenomena, and it is difficult to make a more accurate prediction and judgment of unknown blind ore bodies.

[0008] On the basis of special mapping of tectonic alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding can more accurately detect deep structures, alteration characteristics and the spatial location of geological anomalies, which helps to establish a three-dimensional "structure-alteration-anomaly" model in the work area. However, due to the immaturity of data processing and interpretation methods, the time-frequency electromagnetic sounding method can be used in actual applications. The anomalies may be caused by ore bodies, water or other geological bodies, and the interpreted anomalies are multi-solutions, making it difficult to distinguish between ore-induced anomalies and non-ore-induced anomalies.

[0009] As a geochemical exploration technology that can be effectively applied to covered areas, the anomalies of ground-gas geochemistry are usually caused by ore bodies or geological bodies closely related to mineralization. Geological bodies that are not closely related to mineralization, such as water, are unlikely to cause gas anomalies. Therefore, the information of hidden mineralization in the deep can be determined by analyzing the gas anomalies on the surface, but the ground-gas geochemical anomalies only indicate that there may be hidden ore bodies deep in the sampling point, and cannot determine the spatial location of the hidden ore bodies.

[0010] In actual geological exploration, the application of one or a combination of two of the above methods to find deep blind or concealed ore bodies will be effective. However, due to the defects of special mapping of structural alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding and geochemical methods, often only a small number of projects in a large number of verification projects have revealed industrial ore bodies, which not only wastes a lot of exploration funds and greatly increases exploration costs, but also seriously prolongs the prospecting cycle and hinders the development and utilization of mineral resources. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of this application is to provide an integrated high-precision geological exploration method for the deep edges of old mines, in order to solve the problem that due to the defects of special mapping of tectonic alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding and geochemical methods in the prior art, only a small number of verification projects invested in the project reveal industrial ore bodies, which not only wastes a lot of exploration funds and significantly increases the exploration cost, but also seriously prolongs the prospecting cycle and hinders the development and utilization of mineral resources.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present application provides an integrated high-precision geological exploration method for the deep side of an old mine, comprising the steps of: S1, carrying out special mapping of tectonic alteration in the mining area to obtain special mapping results of tectonic alteration;

[0013] S2. Lay out time-frequency electromagnetic sounding profile lines along the direction of the guiding, ore-matching and ore-controlling structures, carry out time-frequency electromagnetic sounding measurements, interpret the sounding data, obtain the time-frequency electromagnetic sounding interpretation results, and delineate the resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas;

[0014] S3. Based on the special mapping results of structural alteration and the interpretation results of time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, a preliminary three-dimensional spatial model of the mining area is established, the relationship between various geophysical anomalies and structures, alteration and strata is analyzed, non-mining anomaly areas are preliminarily excluded, and the established three-dimensional spatial model is updated;

[0015] S4. After initially excluding the non-mining anomaly area, geochemical measurements are conducted above the remaining anomaly area and in the structural outcrop area related to the anomaly, and the geochemical anomaly area is delineated to obtain a geochemical anomaly map;

[0016] S5, superimposing the geochemical anomaly map onto the established three-dimensional space model, and defining the overlapping area of ​​the resistivity and polarizability anomaly area and the geochemical anomaly area as the anomaly area to be verified;

[0017] S6. Perform engineering verification on the circled abnormal area to be verified.

[0018] Optionally, the special mapping results of structural alteration include: the clarified structural framework of the mining area, including ore-guiding, ore-matching and ore-controlling structures.

[0019] Optionally, the step S1 includes:

[0020] Collect historical geological data, remote sensing images, geophysical and geochemical data, and determine the mapping scope and scale;

[0021] Determine mapping units and key geological boundaries, and design mapping routes;

[0022] Obtain different structures and alteration phenomena, and describe the occurrence, scale, property type, mineral combination and alteration intensity of structural belts and alteration zones;

[0023] Establish a structural-alteration model.

[0024] Optionally, the obtained bathymetric data is interpreted, including: inferring deep strata and structural boundaries, and delineating resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas.

[0025] Optionally, step S2 includes:

[0026] Comprehensively study the results of previous geological work and special mapping results of tectonic alteration, and arrange the time-frequency electromagnetic depth profile lines and measurement points;

[0027] Obtain signal data collected by time-frequency electromagnetic instruments at designed measuring points;

[0028] The acquired signal data is made into a two-dimensional geological profile of apparent resistivity and polarizability;

[0029] Based on the previous geological results, the processed data are geologically interpreted, and the structural alteration zone is inferred on the prepared two-dimensional geological profile of apparent resistivity and polarizability, and the resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas are delineated.

[0030] Optionally, step S3 includes:

[0031] Using the coordinate correction function of the three-dimensional mapping software, the geophysical exploration maps containing the inferred structural alteration zone and the resistivity / polarizability abnormal area are superimposed on the established structural-alteration model to preliminarily establish the three-dimensional space model;

[0032] Based on the geological data of the work area, the abnormal areas in the established three-dimensional spatial model are preliminarily screened to preliminarily exclude the abnormal areas not caused by mining;

[0033] Update the 3D space model.

[0034] Optionally, step S4 includes:

[0035] Designing the geochemical measurement area, route and measurement points according to the three-dimensional spatial model;

[0036] Obtain analytical results for gases collected and measured in soil or rock using test instruments as designed;

[0037] The analysis results are collated, an abnormal profile is drawn, the geochemical anomaly area is circled on the abnormal profile, and the geochemical anomaly map is obtained.

[0038] The embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0039] Compared with the existing technology, the method provided by the above technical solution integrates three methods, namely, special geological mapping of tectonic alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, and geochemical measurement of ground atmosphere, into a new high-precision geological exploration method. The technical characteristics and practical applications of the three methods, namely, special geological mapping of tectonic alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, and geochemical measurement of ground atmosphere, show that they are complementary in geological exploration. The integration of the three methods provides a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of geological exploration, especially greatly improving the accuracy of deep-earth resource detection and mineral prediction under complex geological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 A flow chart of an integrated high-precision geological exploration method for the deep side of an old mine provided for at least one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following is a description of the implementation of the present application by specific specific embodiments. People familiar with the technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "S1", "S2", "S3", etc. in the claims and specification of the present application are used to distinguish different steps rather than to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that these steps can be executed substantially in parallel or in reverse order under appropriate circumstances, depending on the functions involved.

[0044] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0045] The present application provides a method for high-precision geological exploration of the deep side of an old mine. Figure 1 , including the steps of:

[0046] S1. Carry out special mapping of tectonic alteration in the mining area and obtain the results of special mapping of tectonic alteration.

[0047] The special mapping results of structural alteration include: the clarified structural framework of the mining area, including the main ore-guiding, ore-matching and ore-controlling structures.

[0048] In some embodiments, the specific steps of step S1 include:

[0049] S1.1. Data collection: Collect historical geological data, remote sensing images, geophysical and geochemical data, etc., and determine the mapping scope and scale.

[0050] S1.2. Obtaining field survey results: Based on the preliminary field survey results, determine the mapping units and key geological boundaries, and design the mapping route.

[0051] S1.3. Obtaining field survey results: Obtain different structures and alteration phenomena identified and recorded by tracing method, and describe the geological characteristics such as the occurrence, scale, property type, mineral combination and alteration intensity of structural belts and alteration zones.

[0052] S1.4, Data synthesis and model establishment: Based on the data and information obtained in the above steps, a tectonic-alteration model is established using professional 3D geological mapping software. To establish a tectonic-alteration model, a geological map is first made in mapgis and CAD software, and then a terrain DTM is generated using 3D software. The geological map is projected onto the terrain DTM using the coordinate correction and point-line drop-on-DTM functions of the 3D software. The tectonic-alteration model should highlight the various types of construction, structure, alteration and their interrelationships related to mineralization.

[0053] S2. Lay out time-frequency electromagnetic sounding profile lines along the inclination direction of the guiding, ore-matching and ore-controlling structures, and carry out time-frequency electromagnetic sounding measurements. Then interpret the sounding data, obtain the time-frequency electromagnetic sounding interpretation results, and delineate the resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas.

[0054] The interpretation of the obtained bathymetric data includes: inferring deep strata and structural boundaries, and delineating resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas.

[0055] In some embodiments, the specific steps of step S2 include:

[0056] S2.1. Technical design: Comprehensively study the results of previous geological work and special mapping results of structural alteration, and arrange the time-frequency electromagnetic depth profile survey lines and survey points.

[0057] S2.2 Field construction: Lay electrodes and observation devices according to the designed survey lines and survey points, and perform necessary equipment calibration.

[0058] S2.3. Data collection: Obtain signal data using time-frequency electromagnetic instruments at designed measurement points to ensure that data quality meets requirements.

[0059] S2.4. Data processing: The acquired signal data is processed into a two-dimensional geological profile of apparent resistivity and polarizability using professional drawing software (such as sufferer, mapgis, etc.).

[0060] S2.5. Results interpretation: Conduct geological interpretation on the processed data based on previous geological results data, infer structural alteration zones on the apparent resistivity and polarizability two-dimensional geological profiles produced in step S2.4, and delineate resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas.

[0061] S3. Based on the special mapping results of structural alteration and the interpretation results of time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, a preliminary three-dimensional spatial model of "structure-alteration-resistivity / polarizability anomaly" of the mining area is established, and the relationship between each geophysical anomaly and the structure, alteration and stratum is analyzed. The non-mining anomaly areas are preliminarily excluded, and the established three-dimensional spatial model of "structure-alteration-resistivity / polarizability anomaly" is updated.

[0062] In some embodiments, the specific steps of step S3 include:

[0063] S3.1. Use the coordinate correction function of three-dimensional mapping software (such as 3Dmine) to superimpose the geophysical maps containing inferred structural alteration zones and resistivity / polarizability anomaly areas onto the established structural-alteration model, and preliminarily establish the "structure-alteration-resistivity / polarizability anomaly" three-dimensional spatial model.

[0064] S3.2. Based on the geological data of the working area, conduct a preliminary screening of the abnormal areas in the three-dimensional spatial model established in step S3.1, and preliminarily exclude some obvious non-mining-induced abnormal areas.

[0065] S3.3. Update the three-dimensional spatial model of “structure-alteration-resistivity / polarizability anomaly” in the three-dimensional mapping software.

[0066] S4. After initially excluding the non-mining anomaly areas, geochemical measurements are conducted above the remaining anomaly areas and in the structural outcrop areas related to the anomalies to delineate the geochemical anomaly areas and obtain a geochemical anomaly map.

[0067] In some embodiments, the specific steps of step S4 include:

[0068] S4.1. Route design: design the geochemical measurement area, route and measurement points according to the three-dimensional space model established in step S3.

[0069] S4.2 Field sampling data acquisition: Obtain analytical results using test instruments designed to collect and measure gases in soil or rock. This process may involve drilling for samples or using other methods to capture gas samples.

[0070] S4.3. Data interpretation: The analysis results are collated, and an abnormal profile is drawn using professional drawing software (such as sufferer, mapgis, etc.), and the geochemical anomaly area is circled on the abnormal profile to obtain the geochemical anomaly map.

[0071] S5. Use three-dimensional drawing software to superimpose the geochemical anomaly map onto the established three-dimensional spatial model of "structure-alteration-resistivity / polarizability anomaly", and circle the overlapping area of ​​the resistivity, polarizability anomaly area and the geochemical anomaly area as the anomaly area to be verified.

[0072] S6. Perform engineering verification on the circled abnormal area to be verified.

[0073] In summary, compared with the prior art, the method provided in the above embodiment integrates three methods, namely, special geological mapping of tectonic alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, and geochemical measurement of ground atmosphere, into a new high-precision geological exploration method. The technical characteristics and practical applications of the three methods, namely, special geological mapping of tectonic alteration, time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, and geochemical measurement of ground atmosphere, show that they are complementary in geological exploration, and the integration of the three methods provides a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of geological exploration, especially greatly improving the accuracy of deep-earth resource exploration and mineral prediction under complex geological conditions.

[0074] Note that, unless otherwise directly stated, all features disclosed in this specification (including any attached claims, abstracts and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features for achieving the same, equivalent or similar purposes. Therefore, unless otherwise explicitly stated, each feature disclosed is only an example of a group of equivalent or similar features. Where used, further, preferably, further and more preferably are simple beginnings for elaborating another embodiment based on the aforementioned embodiment, and the content of the further, preferably, further or more preferably followed by the combination with the aforementioned embodiment constitutes a complete construction of another embodiment. Several further, preferably, further or more preferably settings following the same embodiment can be arbitrarily combined to form another embodiment.

[0075] In the implementation of functions and steps, the corresponding functions and steps in various embodiments may also occur in a different order than shown. For example, two consecutive functions and steps may actually be performed or implemented substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be performed or implemented in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved.

[0076] Although the present application has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements may be made to the present application. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present application all fall within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

Claims

1. An integrated high-precision geological exploration method for deep and side parts of old mines, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1. Carry out special mapping of tectonic alteration in the mining area and obtain the results of special mapping of tectonic alteration; S2. Lay out time-frequency electromagnetic sounding profile lines along the direction of the guiding, ore-matching and ore-controlling structures, carry out time-frequency electromagnetic sounding measurements, interpret the sounding data, obtain the time-frequency electromagnetic sounding interpretation results, and delineate the resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas; S3. Based on the special mapping results of structural alteration and the interpretation results of time-frequency electromagnetic sounding, a preliminary three-dimensional spatial model of the mining area is established, the relationship between various geophysical anomalies and structures, alteration and strata is analyzed, non-mining anomaly areas are preliminarily excluded, and the established three-dimensional spatial model is updated; S4. After initially excluding the non-mining anomaly area, geochemical measurements are conducted above the remaining anomaly area and in the structural outcrop area related to the anomaly, and the geochemical anomaly area is delineated to obtain a geochemical anomaly map; S5, superimposing the geochemical anomaly map onto the established three-dimensional space model, and defining the overlapping area of ​​the resistivity and polarizability anomaly area and the geochemical anomaly area as the anomaly area to be verified; S6. Perform engineering verification on the circled abnormal area to be verified.

2. The method for integrated high-precision geological exploration of deep and side parts of old mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The special mapping results of structural alteration include: the clarified structural framework of the mining area, including ore-guiding, ore-matching and ore-controlling structures.

3. The method for integrated high-precision geological exploration of deep and side parts of old mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1 comprises: Collect historical geological data, remote sensing images, geophysical and geochemical data, and determine the scope and scale of mapping; Determine mapping units and key geological boundaries, and design mapping routes; Obtain different structures and alteration phenomena, and describe the occurrence, scale, property type, mineral combination and alteration intensity of structural belts and alteration zones; Establish a structural-alteration model.

4. The method for integrated high-precision geological exploration of deep and side parts of old mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The interpretation of the obtained bathymetric data includes: inferring deep strata and structural boundaries, and delineating resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas.

5. The method for integrated high-precision geological exploration of deep and side parts of old mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S2 comprises: Comprehensively study the results of previous geological work and special mapping results of tectonic alteration, and arrange the time-frequency electromagnetic depth profile lines and measurement points; Acquire signal data collected by time-frequency electromagnetic instruments at designed measuring points; The acquired signal data is made into a two-dimensional geological profile of apparent resistivity and polarizability; Based on the previous geological results, the processed data are geologically interpreted, and the structural alteration zone is inferred on the prepared two-dimensional geological profile of apparent resistivity and polarizability, and the resistivity and polarizability abnormal areas are delineated.

6. The method for integrated high-precision geological exploration of deep and side parts of old mines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: Using the coordinate correction function of the three-dimensional mapping software, the geophysical exploration maps containing the inferred structural alteration zone and the resistivity / polarizability abnormal area are superimposed on the established structural-alteration model to preliminarily establish the three-dimensional space model; Based on the geological data of the work area, the abnormal areas in the established three-dimensional spatial model are preliminarily screened to preliminarily exclude the abnormal areas not caused by mining; Update the 3D space model.

7. The method for integrated high-precision geological exploration of deep and side parts of old mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: Designing the geochemical measurement area, route and measurement points according to the three-dimensional spatial model; Obtain analytical results for gases collected and measured in soil or rock using test instruments as designed; The analysis results are collated, an abnormal profile is drawn, the geochemical anomaly area is circled on the abnormal profile, and the geochemical anomaly map is obtained.

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