Lens photovoltaic glass process for improving power generation efficiency of solar cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of a solar cell, and relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaics, and the method comprises the following components: S100, material selection and pretreatment, S200, nanostructure design and preparation, S300, micron lens array processing, S400, structure optimization and integration, and S500, performance test and verification. According to the method, the surface plasma resonance effect of the solar cell on light with a specific wavelength is effectively enhanced by accurately constructing a nanoscale patterned structure through a lens photovoltaic glass process and regulating and controlling the size, the shape and the distribution of nanoparticles, so that the light absorption capacity is remarkably improved, and further, the solar cell has a good application prospect. The uniformly distributed micron-sized lens array is processed on the nano-structure layer, the incident light is accurately converged to the effective light receiving area of the cell, the light capture efficiency and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are further improved, and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is remarkably improved through the dual enhancement mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cell sheets. Background Art

[0002] As a clean and renewable energy source, solar energy has received widespread attention and application around the world. With the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology, solar cells, as the core components of photovoltaic power generation systems, their power generation efficiency is directly related to the economy and competitiveness of the entire system.

[0003] In traditional technology, although attempts have been made to enhance the light absorption capacity of solar cells through nanostructure design, these methods often have many disadvantages. It is difficult to accurately construct nanoscale patterned structures on the glass surface, and it is impossible to effectively enhance the light absorption capacity by regulating the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles to achieve the surface plasmon resonance effect of light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a lens photovoltaic glass process to improve the power generation efficiency of solar cells. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells. The method selects a glass substrate with high light transmittance and strong weather resistance as the substrate of the lens photovoltaic glass, and uses nanoimprint technology to accurately construct a nanoscale patterned structure on the glass surface. By regulating the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles, the surface plasmon resonance effect of light of a specific wavelength is enhanced, thereby improving the light absorption capacity.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells, the specific steps of the method are:

[0006] S100, material selection and pretreatment: select glass substrates with high light transmittance and strong weather resistance as the substrate of lens photovoltaic glass, and perform surface cleaning and decontamination treatment;

[0007] S200, Nanostructure Design and Fabrication: Using nanoimprint technology, nanoscale patterned structures are precisely constructed on the glass surface. By regulating the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles, the surface plasmon resonance effect of light of a specific wavelength is enhanced to enhance light absorption capacity;

[0008] S300, micron lens array processing: On the nanostructure layer, a hot embossing method is used to process a uniformly distributed micron-level lens array to focus the incident light to the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar cell;

[0009] S400, structural optimization and integration: The parameters of the nanostructure and micron lens are jointly optimized through optical simulation software. Subsequently, the optimized lens photovoltaic glass and solar cell are seamlessly connected with transparent adhesive to form an integrated component;

[0010] S500, performance testing and verification: Conduct comprehensive performance testing on the manufactured enhanced solar cells to verify the effect of improving their power generation efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps of S100 are:

[0012] S101, research the existing glass substrates on the market, focus on their light transmittance, weather resistance, mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness, select several potential high-performance glass samples, and conduct light transmittance tests, weather resistance tests and mechanical property tests;

[0013] S102, based on the test results, comprehensively evaluate various performance indicators and select the substrate for lens photovoltaic glass. The material should have high light transmittance, excellent weather resistance and sufficient mechanical strength to support the stress during subsequent processing and use;

[0014] S103, soaking and wiping the glass surface with an organic solvent to remove surface oil and fingerprints, thoroughly rinsing the glass surface with deionized water to remove residual solvent and impurities, and thoroughly drying the glass surface with a vacuum drying oven to avoid leaving water stains;

[0015] S104, for stains that are difficult to remove by physical cleaning, use weak acid or weak alkaline solution for soaking treatment, but the time and concentration must be strictly controlled to prevent corrosion of the glass surface. Use fine-grained abrasive paste or polishing cloth to lightly polish the glass surface to remove tiny scratches and unevenness and improve the surface finish. Pay attention to controlling the polishing force and time to avoid excessive polishing that may cause surface damage;

[0016] S105, placing the glass in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, using the cavitation effect and straight-through flow of ultrasound to deeply clean the glass surface and residues in tiny gaps. After ultrasonic cleaning, it needs to be washed and dried again. In order to improve the adhesion of the subsequent nanostructure layer, the cleaned glass surface can be activated. The specific method needs to be determined according to the subsequent processing technology and material properties. After the pretreatment is completed, the glass surface is inspected for quality to ensure that there are no stains, scratches, water stains, and defects, and that it meets the requirements of subsequent processing. Microscopes and gloss meters can be used for detection.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific steps of S200 are:

[0018] S201, determining the desired nano pattern structure, including but not limited to the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles, which will directly affect the surface plasmon resonance effect and light absorption capacity, using computer-aided design software to draw a precise nano pattern template, and using electron beam etching to prepare the template. These technologies can achieve nanometer-level resolution, and the preparation quality of the template directly affects the accuracy and effect of subsequent imprinting;

[0019] S202, select a glass substrate and clean it thoroughly to remove pollutants and impurities on the surface. Chemical cleaning methods can be used, followed by pure water rinsing and nitrogen drying. A layer of suitable photoresist is evenly coated on the surface of the clean glass substrate. This layer of photoresist will serve as the medium in the imprinting process.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific steps of S200 also include:

[0021] S203, using reactive ion etching technology to remove the residual photoresist in the pattern area, depositing a metal film on the substrate and the remaining photoresist surface simultaneously by metal plating technology, and removing the photoresist by using a solvent or an etchant, thereby transferring the nanostructure pattern to the glass substrate;

[0022] S204, controlling the size and shape of the nanoparticles by adjusting the design parameters of the template, further optimizing the nanostructure by a subsequent etching or deposition process, experimentally testing the surface plasmon resonance effect of different nanostructures on light of a specific wavelength, and adjusting the distribution and density of the nanoparticles according to the test results to achieve an optimal light absorption effect;

[0023] S205, use spectroscopic instruments to measure the absorption capacity of nanostructures for light of specific wavelengths, analyze the test results, evaluate the enhancement effect of the surface plasmon resonance effect, use scanning electron microscopes and atomic force microscopes to characterize the morphology of the nanostructures and verify the accuracy of their size, shape and distribution.

[0024] Furthermore, the S200 nanoimprinting process is as follows: the prepared template is precisely placed on a glass substrate coated with a photoresist, and the template pattern is imprinted into the photoresist under temperature and pressure using hot embossing. Hot embossing requires heating to above the glass phase transition point of the photoresist, while UV embossing cures the photoresist by ultraviolet light. For hot embossing, after maintaining high temperature and high pressure for a period of time, it is cooled to room temperature and the pressure is reduced for demolding. For UV embossing, the photoresist is cured by ultraviolet light irradiation and then demolded.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific steps of S300 are:

[0026] S301, designing the pattern of the micron lens array according to the size of the solar cell and the required optical performance, including but not limited to the diameter, radius of curvature, and spacing parameters of the lens, and using computer-aided design software to draw an accurate template of the micron lens array. Usually, the template is prepared on a hard material using precision machining technology to ensure that the template surface is flat and the lens pattern is accurate;

[0027] S302, the nanostructured layer is sensitive to subsequent processing, and protective measures are taken, including coating a temporary protective layer, cleaning and drying the glass substrate on which the nanostructured layer has been prepared, ensuring that its surface is clean and free of impurities, and selecting a hot stamping material, which should have good light transmittance, thermal stability and mechanical strength;

[0028] S303, preheating the hot embossing material and the template to a certain temperature respectively, so that the hot embossing material softens and has a certain fluidity, accurately placing the preheated template on the nanostructure layer of the glass substrate, using a hot embossing machine to apply pressure and temperature, so that the hot embossing material forms a micron lens array under the pattern of the template, maintaining a certain pressure and temperature for a period of time, gradually cooling to room temperature, and carefully removing the excess parts of the template and the hot embossing material from the glass substrate, leaving the micron lens array;

[0029] S304, remove the residue on the surface of the lens array, use optical testing equipment to check the morphology and optical performance of the lens array to ensure that it meets the design requirements, accurately align and fix the processed lens array glass substrate and the solar cell, and the lens array can effectively focus the incident light to the effective light-receiving area of ​​the cell.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific steps of S400 are:

[0031] S401, using optical simulation software to establish a detailed three-dimensional model including a nanostructure layer and a micron lens array, importing material properties and optical characteristics data of solar cells, defining the geometry, size, and arrangement parameters of the nanostructure layer, setting the lens diameter, radius of curvature, spacing, and height key parameters of the micron lens array, running optical simulation, analyzing the propagation path, focusing effect, and light absorption efficiency of light in the nanostructure layer and the micron lens array under different parameter combinations, paying special attention to the interaction between the nanostructure and the lens, and how these interactions affect the final light capture efficiency, adjusting the parameters of the nanostructure and the micron lens according to the simulation results to maximize the light capture efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency, requiring multiple iterations until the optimal parameter combination is found;

[0032] S402, processing a micron lens array on the photovoltaic glass according to the optimized parameters, which can be achieved by the aforementioned hot embossing method or other precision processing technology, and performing quality inspection on the processed lens photovoltaic glass to ensure that the accuracy and consistency of the lens array meet the requirements;

[0033] S403, cleaning and pre-treating the surfaces of the solar cell and the lens photovoltaic glass to ensure a good bonding effect, selecting a transparent adhesive with high transparency, good adhesion, weather resistance and chemical stability, evenly coating a thin layer of adhesive on the designated area of ​​the lens photovoltaic glass, using precision positioning equipment to accurately align the lens photovoltaic glass and the solar cell, after the alignment is correct, applying appropriate pressure to make the two tightly bonded by the adhesive, and performing necessary curing treatment according to the requirements of the adhesive to ensure that the adhesive is fully cured and reaches the best bonding strength;

[0034] S404, conduct optoelectronic performance tests on the integrated components, including but not limited to open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and key indicators of photoelectric conversion efficiency. Conduct long-term tests on the components under different environmental conditions to evaluate their stability and durability. Based on the test results, make necessary adjustments and optimizations to the nanostructure, micron lens, or component structure to further improve performance.

[0035] Furthermore, the specific steps of S500 are:

[0036] S501, all equipment used for performance testing has been calibrated to standard conditions to ensure the accuracy of the test results. Several enhanced solar cells are selected as test samples to ensure that the manufacturing process and parameters of each sample are consistent. The same number of standard solar cells are prepared as comparative references. A test environment with stable light and controllable temperature is selected to avoid the influence of external factors on the test results. A solar simulator is used to simulate the standard solar spectrum and the light intensity is controlled to the specified value.

[0037] S502, photoelectric performance test:

[0038] Open circuit voltage (Voc) test: Under no-load conditions, measure the voltage across the solar cell, i.e. the open circuit voltage Voc;

[0039] Short-circuit current (Isc) test: short-circuit the battery cell and measure the current flowing through the battery cell, i.e. the short-circuit current Isc;

[0040] Maximum power point (Pmax) test: Use the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) test equipment to find the operating point where the battery cell has the highest output power, and measure the voltage (Vmp) and current (Imp) at this point to calculate the maximum power Pmax;

[0041] Fill factor (FF) calculation: Based on the values ​​of Voc, Isc, Vmp and Imp, the fill factor FF is calculated. It is an important parameter to measure the output characteristics of the battery cell.

[0042] Photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) calculation: Based on the Pmax obtained from the test and the input light power, calculate the photoelectric conversion efficiency η, that is, the ability of the cell to convert light energy into electrical energy;

[0043] S503, recording the test data of each enhanced solar cell and the standard solar cell in detail, including but not limited to Voc, Isc, Vmp, Imp, FF and η, comparing the test data of the enhanced solar cell with the data of the standard cell, analyzing the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the enhanced cell, paying attention to eliminating random errors and systematic errors in the test process, and ensuring the reliability of the comparison results;

[0044] S504, performing multiple performance tests on the enhanced solar cell at different time points and environmental conditions to evaluate its long-term stability and durability, placing the cell under extreme environmental conditions, observing its performance changes, and evaluating its environmental adaptability;

[0045] S505, organize all test data into tables or charts for easy analysis and presentation, conduct in-depth analysis of the test results, summarize the improvement effect of the enhanced solar cell on power generation efficiency, as well as existing problems and improvement directions, and write a detailed test report based on the test data and analysis results, including but not limited to the test purpose, test method, test process, test results, analysis and discussion, and conclusion.

[0046] Compared with the existing technology, an adaptive education method based on artificial intelligence has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. This method uses the lens photovoltaic glass process to precisely construct a nanoscale patterned structure and regulate the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles, effectively enhancing the surface plasmon resonance effect of solar cells to light of a specific wavelength, thereby significantly improving the light absorption capacity. Furthermore, a uniformly distributed micron-level lens array is processed on the nanostructure layer to accurately focus the incident light to the effective light-receiving area of ​​the cell, further improving the light capture efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency. This dual enhancement mechanism significantly improves the power generation efficiency of solar cells, providing higher economy and competitiveness for the application of photovoltaic power generation systems.

[0048] Second, this method focuses on the high light transmittance, weather resistance and mechanical strength of the glass substrate during the material selection and pretreatment stages, ensuring that the lens photovoltaic glass can withstand various environmental stresses during use and extend its service life. At the same time, by optimizing the parameters of the nanostructure and micron lens and combining transparent adhesives to achieve seamless connection with solar cells, a stable and reliable integrated component is formed. This integrated design not only improves the overall performance of the component, but also enhances its stability and adaptability under different environmental conditions, reduces the risk of performance degradation due to environmental factors, and improves the reliability and durability of solar cell applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 A process flow chart of lens photovoltaic glass for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells;

[0051] Figure 2 Top view;

[0052] Figure 3 Front view;

[0053] Figure 4 Overall view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Embodiment 1

[0056] Select glass substrates with high light transmittance, excellent weather resistance and sufficient mechanical strength, investigate the existing glass substrates on the market, focus on light transmittance, weather resistance, mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness, conduct transmittance tests, weather resistance tests and mechanical properties tests, comprehensively evaluate various performance indicators, and select the best glass sample as the substrate for lens photovoltaic glass.

[0057] Clean and decontaminate the selected glass surface. Soak and wipe the glass surface with organic solvent to remove surface oil and fingerprints. Rinse the glass surface thoroughly with deionized water to remove residual solvents and impurities. Use a vacuum drying oven to thoroughly dry the glass surface to avoid leaving water stains. For stains that are difficult to remove by physical cleaning, soak them in weak acid or weak alkaline solutions, but the time and concentration must be strictly controlled to prevent corrosion of the glass surface. Use fine-grained abrasive paste or polishing cloth to lightly polish the glass surface to remove tiny scratches and unevenness and improve the surface. For smoothness, pay attention to controlling the polishing force and time to avoid surface damage caused by excessive polishing. Place the glass in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and use the cavitation effect and straight-forward flow of ultrasound to deeply clean the glass surface and residues in tiny gaps. After ultrasonic cleaning, it needs to be washed and dried again. In order to improve the adhesion of the subsequent nanostructure layer, the cleaned glass surface can be activated. After the pretreatment is completed, the glass surface is quality checked to ensure that there are no stains, scratches, water stains, and it meets the requirements of subsequent processing. Microscopes, gloss meters and other tools can be used for detection.

[0058] Determine the desired nanopattern structure, including the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles. These parameters will directly affect the surface plasmon resonance effect and light absorption ability. Use computer-aided design software to draw out precise nanopattern templates, such as Figure 2 , the template is prepared by electron beam etching technology. The preparation quality of the template directly affects the accuracy and effect of subsequent imprinting. A layer of suitable photoresist is evenly coated on the surface of a clean glass substrate. The prepared template is accurately placed on the glass substrate coated with photoresist. The template pattern is imprinted into the photoresist under temperature and pressure using hot embossing technology. The residual photoresist in the pattern area is removed, and the nanostructure pattern is transferred to the glass substrate through metal plating technology. The size, shape and distribution of the nanoparticles are adjusted. The nanostructure is further optimized through etching or deposition processes to achieve the best light absorption effect. The absorption capacity of the nanostructure to light of a specific wavelength is measured using a spectroscopic instrument, and the morphology of the nanostructure is characterized using scanning electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes and other instruments to verify the accuracy of its size, shape and distribution.

[0059] According to the size of the solar cell and the required optical performance, the pattern of the micron lens array is designed, including the diameter, radius of curvature, and spacing parameters of the lens. The accurate micron lens array template is drawn using computer-aided design software, and the template is prepared on a hard material using precision machining technology. The nanostructured layer is sensitive to subsequent processing and protective measures need to be taken, such as coating a temporary protective layer, cleaning and drying the glass substrate on which the nanostructured layer has been prepared to ensure that its surface is clean and free of impurities, selecting a hot stamping material with good light transmittance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, preheating the hot stamping material and the template to a certain temperature respectively, placing the preheated template accurately on the nanostructured layer of the glass substrate, using a hot stamping machine to apply pressure and temperature so that the hot stamping material forms a micron lens array under the pattern of the template, maintaining a certain pressure and temperature, and gradually cooling to room temperature, removing the excess parts of the template and hot stamping material, leaving the micron lens array, removing the residue on the surface of the lens array, and using optical testing equipment to check the morphology and optical performance of the lens array to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0060] Use optical simulation software to build a detailed three-dimensional model containing nanostructure layers and micron lens arrays, import material properties and optical characteristics data of solar cells, define the geometry, size, and arrangement parameters of the nanostructure layer, set the lens diameter, radius of curvature, spacing, and height key parameters of the micron lens array, run optical simulations, and analyze the propagation path, focusing effect, and light absorption efficiency of light in the nanostructure layer and micron lens array under different parameter combinations. Pay special attention to the interaction between light and the nanostructure and the lens, and how these interactions affect the final light capture efficiency. According to the simulation results, adjust the parameters of the nanostructure and micron lens to maximize the light capture efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Multiple iterations are required until Find the optimal parameter combination, and process the micron lens array on the photovoltaic glass according to the optimized parameters. This can be achieved through the hot embossing method or other precision processing technology mentioned above. Perform quality inspection on the processed lens photovoltaic glass to ensure that the accuracy and consistency of the lens array meet the requirements. Clean and pre-treat the surfaces of the solar cell and lens photovoltaic glass to ensure good bonding effect. Select a transparent adhesive with high transparency, good adhesion, weather resistance and chemical stability, and evenly apply a thin layer of adhesive on the designated area of ​​the lens photovoltaic glass. Use precision positioning equipment to accurately align the lens photovoltaic glass with the solar cell. After the alignment is correct, apply appropriate pressure to make the two tightly bonded through the adhesive, such as Figure 3, according to the requirements of the adhesive, carry out necessary curing treatment to ensure that the adhesive is fully cured and reaches the optimal bonding strength, and conduct optoelectronic performance tests on the integrated integrated components, including but not limited to open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and key indicators of photoelectric conversion efficiency. Conduct long-term tests on the components under different environmental conditions to evaluate their stability and durability. According to the test results, make necessary adjustments and optimizations to the nanostructure, micron lens or component structure to further improve performance.

[0061] Embodiment 2

[0062] According to the size and shape of the solar cell and the expected goal of improving the power generation efficiency, a detailed demand analysis is carried out, which includes determining the required lens diameter, radius of curvature, and key parameters of spacing to ensure that the lens array can maximize the convergence of light to the effective light-receiving area of ​​the cell. Computer-aided design software is used to draw accurate micron lens array templates. The template design needs to consider the geometric shape, arrangement and overall layout of the lens to ensure that the processed lens array meets the design requirements and has good optical properties. The template is prepared on a hard material using precision machining technology. The preparation of the template requires strict control of machining accuracy and surface quality to ensure the smooth progress of the subsequent imprinting process and the high-quality molding of the lens array.

[0063] The prepared nanostructured layer glass substrate is cleaned and dried to ensure that its surface is clean and free of impurities, providing a good foundation for the processing of the micron lens array. Hot-embossing materials with good light transmittance, thermal stability and mechanical strength are selected. These materials can fit closely to the template pattern after being heated and softened, and maintain stable shape and performance after cooling. The hot-embossing material and the template are preheated to a certain temperature respectively to soften the hot-embossing material and have a certain fluidity. Subsequently, the preheated template is accurately placed on the nanostructured layer of the glass substrate. A hot-embossing machine is used to apply appropriate pressure and temperature so that the hot-embossing material forms a micron lens array under the pattern of the template. After maintaining a certain pressure and temperature for a period of time, it is gradually cooled to room temperature, and the excess parts of the template and hot-embossing material are carefully removed from the glass substrate, leaving a complete micron lens array. The processed lens array is cleaned to remove surface residues and impurities. The morphology and optical properties of the lens array are checked using optical testing equipment to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0064] Clean and pre-treat the surfaces of the solar cell and lens photovoltaic glass to ensure good bonding, select a transparent adhesive with high transparency, good adhesion, weather resistance and chemical stability, evenly apply a thin layer of adhesive on the designated area of ​​the lens photovoltaic glass, and use precision positioning equipment to accurately align the lens photovoltaic glass and solar cell with its backplane to form an integrated component, such as Figure 4 , and after the alignment is correct, apply appropriate pressure to make the two tightly bonded by the adhesive, perform necessary curing treatment according to the requirements of the adhesive to ensure that the adhesive is fully cured and reaches the optimal bonding strength, use optical testing equipment to test the photoelectric performance of the integrated integrated component, the test content includes but is not limited to the key indicators of open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), maximum power point (Pmax), fill factor (FF) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (η), verify the improvement effect of the lens array on the light convergence ability and the improvement of the overall power generation efficiency of the component through testing, perform multiple performance tests on the enhanced solar cell at different time points and environmental conditions to evaluate its long-term stability and durability, place the cell under extreme environmental conditions, observe its performance changes and evaluate its environmental adaptability, record all test data in detail and organize them into tables or charts for easy analysis, conduct in-depth analysis of the test results, summarize the improvement effect of the enhanced solar cell on power generation efficiency, as well as the existing problems and improvement directions, and write a detailed test report based on the test data and analysis results to provide strong support for subsequent process optimization and product improvement.

[0065] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells, which is characterized by: The specific steps of this method are: S100, material selection and pretreatment: select glass substrates with high light transmittance and strong weather resistance as the substrate of lens photovoltaic glass, and perform surface cleaning and decontamination treatment; S200, Nanostructure Design and Fabrication: Using nanoimprint technology, nanoscale patterned structures are precisely constructed on the glass surface. By regulating the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles, the surface plasmon resonance effect of light of a specific wavelength is enhanced to enhance light absorption capacity; S300, micron lens array processing: On the nanostructure layer, a hot embossing method is used to process a uniformly distributed micron-level lens array to focus the incident light to the effective light-receiving area of ​​the solar cell; S400, structural optimization and integration: The parameters of the nanostructure and micron lens are jointly optimized through optical simulation software. Subsequently, the optimized lens photovoltaic glass and solar cell are seamlessly connected with transparent adhesive to form an integrated component; S500, performance testing and verification: Conduct comprehensive performance testing on the manufactured enhanced solar cells to verify the effect of improving their power generation efficiency.

2. According to the lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells according to claim 1, the specific steps of S100 are: S101, research the existing glass substrates on the market, focus on their light transmittance, weather resistance, mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness, select several potential high-performance glass samples, and conduct light transmittance tests, weather resistance tests and mechanical property tests; S102, based on the test results, comprehensively evaluate various performance indicators and select the substrate for lens photovoltaic glass. The material should have high light transmittance, excellent weather resistance and sufficient mechanical strength to support the stress during subsequent processing and use; S103, soaking and wiping the glass surface with an organic solvent to remove surface oil and fingerprints, thoroughly rinsing the glass surface with deionized water to remove residual solvent and impurities, and thoroughly drying the glass surface with a vacuum drying oven; S104, for stains that are difficult to remove by physical cleaning, use weak acid or weak alkaline solution for soaking treatment, but the time and concentration must be strictly controlled to prevent corrosion of the glass surface. Use fine-grained abrasive paste or polishing cloth to lightly polish the glass surface to remove tiny scratches and unevenness and improve the surface finish. Pay attention to controlling the polishing strength and time; S105, placing the glass in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, using the cavitation effect and straight-through flow of ultrasound to deeply clean the glass surface and residues in tiny gaps. After ultrasonic cleaning, it needs to be washed and dried again. In order to improve the adhesion of the subsequent nanostructure layer, the cleaned glass surface can be activated. The specific method needs to be determined according to the subsequent processing technology and material properties. After the pretreatment is completed, the glass surface is inspected for quality, and a microscope or gloss meter can be used for detection.

3. According to the lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells according to claim 1, the specific steps of S200 are: S201, determining the desired nano pattern structure, including but not limited to the size, shape and distribution of nanoparticles, which will directly affect the surface plasmon resonance effect and light absorption capacity, using computer-aided design software to draw a precise nano pattern template, and using electron beam etching to prepare the template. These technologies can achieve nanometer-level resolution, and the preparation quality of the template directly affects the accuracy and effect of subsequent imprinting; S202, select a glass substrate and clean it thoroughly to remove pollutants and impurities on the surface. Chemical cleaning methods can be used, followed by pure water rinsing and nitrogen drying. A layer of suitable photoresist is evenly coated on the surface of the clean glass substrate. This layer of photoresist will serve as the medium in the imprinting process.

4. According to the lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells according to claim 3, the specific steps of S200 further include: S203, using reactive ion etching technology to remove the residual photoresist in the pattern area, depositing a metal film on the substrate and the remaining photoresist surface simultaneously by metal plating technology, and removing the photoresist by using a solvent or an etchant, thereby transferring the nanostructure pattern to the glass substrate; S204, controlling the size and shape of the nanoparticles by adjusting the design parameters of the template, further optimizing the nanostructure by a subsequent etching or deposition process, experimentally testing the surface plasmon resonance effect of different nanostructures on light of a specific wavelength, and adjusting the distribution and density of the nanoparticles according to the test results; S205, use spectroscopic instruments to measure the absorption capacity of nanostructures for light of specific wavelengths, analyze the test results, evaluate the enhancement effect of the surface plasmon resonance effect, use scanning electron microscopes and atomic force microscopes to characterize the morphology of the nanostructures and verify the accuracy of their size, shape and distribution.

5. According to claim 3, a lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells, the S200 nanoimprinting process is: the prepared template is accurately placed on a glass substrate coated with photoresist, and the template pattern is imprinted into the photoresist under temperature and pressure using hot embossing. Hot embossing requires heating to above the glass phase transition point of the photoresist, while UV embossing cures the photoresist by UV light. For hot embossing, after maintaining high temperature and high pressure for a period of time, it is cooled to room temperature and the pressure is reduced for demolding. For UV embossing, the photoresist is cured by UV light irradiation and then demolded.

6. According to the lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells as claimed in claim 1, the specific steps of S300 are: S301, designing a pattern of a micron lens array according to the size of the solar cell and the required optical performance, including but not limited to the diameter, radius of curvature, and spacing parameters of the lens, and using computer-aided design software to draw an accurate template of the micron lens array, usually using precision machining technology to prepare the template on a hard material; S302, the nanostructure layer is sensitive to subsequent processing, and protective measures are taken, including coating a temporary protective layer, cleaning and drying the glass substrate on which the nanostructure layer has been prepared, and selecting a hot stamping material, which should have good light transmittance, thermal stability and mechanical strength; S303, preheating the hot embossing material and the template to a certain temperature respectively, so that the hot embossing material softens and has a certain fluidity, accurately placing the preheated template on the nanostructure layer of the glass substrate, using a hot embossing machine to apply pressure and temperature, so that the hot embossing material forms a micron lens array under the pattern of the template, maintaining a certain pressure and temperature for a period of time, gradually cooling to room temperature, and carefully removing the excess parts of the template and the hot embossing material from the glass substrate, leaving the micron lens array; S304, remove the residue on the surface of the lens array, use optical testing equipment to check the morphology and optical performance of the lens array, accurately align and fix the processed lens array glass substrate and the solar cell, and the lens array can effectively focus the incident light to the effective light receiving area of ​​the cell.

7. According to the lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells as claimed in claim 1, the specific steps of S400 are: S401, using optical simulation software to build a detailed three-dimensional model including the nanostructure layer and the micron lens array, importing the material properties and optical characteristics data of the solar cell, defining the geometry, size, and arrangement parameters of the nanostructure layer, setting the lens diameter, radius of curvature, spacing, and height key parameters of the micron lens array, running optical simulation, analyzing the propagation path, focusing effect, and light absorption efficiency of light in the nanostructure layer and the micron lens array under different parameter combinations, paying attention to the interaction between the nanostructure and the lens, and how these interactions affect the final light capture efficiency, adjusting the parameters of the nanostructure and the micron lens according to the simulation results to maximize the light capture efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency, and requiring multiple iterations until the optimal parameter combination is found; S402, processing a micron lens array on the photovoltaic glass according to the optimized parameters, which can be achieved by the aforementioned hot embossing method or other precision processing technology, and performing quality inspection on the processed lens photovoltaic glass; S403, cleaning and pre-treating the surfaces of the solar cell and the lens photovoltaic glass, selecting a transparent adhesive with high transparency, good adhesion, weather resistance and chemical stability, evenly coating a thin layer of adhesive on the designated area of ​​the lens photovoltaic glass, using a precision positioning device to accurately align the lens photovoltaic glass and the solar cell, after the alignment is correct, applying appropriate pressure to make the two tightly bonded by the adhesive, and performing necessary curing treatment according to the requirements of the adhesive; S404, conduct optoelectronic performance tests on the integrated components, including but not limited to open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and key indicators of photoelectric conversion efficiency. Conduct long-term tests on the components under different environmental conditions to evaluate their stability and durability. Based on the test results, make necessary adjustments and optimizations to the nanostructure, micron lens, or component structure to further improve performance.

8. According to the lens photovoltaic glass process for improving the power generation efficiency of solar cells as claimed in claim 1, the specific steps of S500 are: S501, all equipment used for performance testing has been calibrated to the standard state, select several enhanced solar cells as test samples, prepare the same number of standard solar cells as comparative references, select a test environment with stable light and controllable temperature to avoid the influence of external factors on the test results, use a solar simulator to simulate the standard solar spectrum, and control the light intensity to the specified value S502, photoelectric performance test: Open circuit voltage (Voc) test: Under no-load conditions, measure the voltage across the solar cell, i.e. the open circuit voltage Voc; Short-circuit current (Isc) test: short-circuit the battery cell and measure the current flowing through the battery cell, i.e. the short-circuit current Isc; Maximum power point (Pmax) test: Use the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) test equipment to find the operating point where the battery cell has the highest output power, and measure the voltage (Vmp) and current (Imp) at this point to calculate the maximum power Pmax; Fill factor (FF) calculation: Based on the values ​​of Voc, Isc, Vmp and Imp, the fill factor FF is calculated. It is an important parameter to measure the output characteristics of the battery cell. Photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) calculation: Based on the Pmax obtained from the test and the input light power, calculate the photoelectric conversion efficiency η, that is, the ability of the cell to convert light energy into electrical energy; S503, recording the test data of each enhanced solar cell and the standard solar cell in detail, including but not limited to Voc, Isc, Vmp, Imp, FF and η, comparing the test data of the enhanced solar cell with the data of the standard cell, analyzing the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the enhanced cell, and paying attention to eliminating random errors and systematic errors in the test process; S504, performing multiple performance tests on the enhanced solar cell at different time points and environmental conditions to evaluate its long-term stability and durability, placing the cell under extreme environmental conditions, observing its performance changes, and evaluating its environmental adaptability; S505, organize all test data into tables or charts for easy analysis and presentation, conduct in-depth analysis of the test results, summarize the improvement effect of the enhanced solar cell on power generation efficiency, as well as existing problems and improvement directions, and write a detailed test report based on the test data and analysis results, including but not limited to the test purpose, test method, test process, test results, analysis and discussion, and conclusion.

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