Laboratory-level compost fermentation and C and N calculation system thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compost fermentation, in particular to laboratory-level compost fermentation and a C and N calculation system thereof. According to the specific technical scheme, the laboratory-grade compost fermentation system comprises a fermentation bin, a gas distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, a gas inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin and located below the gas distribution plate, a top cover is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin, and a thermometer, a pressure gauge and a gas outlet pipe are arranged on the top cover; and flow meters are respectively arranged on the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe. According to the invention, material fermentation and a calculation system for detecting the change of components such as solid, liquid and gas are integrated, the fermentation condition of the material can be monitored in real time, and corresponding indexes can be adjusted according to the fermentation condition, so that high-quality compost is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composting fermentation, and in particular to a laboratory-level composting fermentation and a C and N calculation system thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the composting process, microbial activity will produce a variety of gases, such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other gases. Through inlet and outlet gas detection, we can understand the gas composition and emission inside the compost in real time, as well as the gas production and consumption during the composting process; at the same time, changes in gas composition can reflect changes in key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pH value during the composting process. For example, a decrease in oxygen concentration may mean that the oxygen supply inside the compost is insufficient, and the compost needs to be turned or ventilation needs to be increased; an increase in carbon dioxide concentration may indicate that microbial activity is vigorous and composting is proceeding normally.

[0003] The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) is one of the important indicators for measuring the quality of compost. By calculating the carbon and nitrogen content in the compost, we can understand the maturity of the compost, the organic matter content, and the nutrient release potential. A carbon-nitrogen ratio that is too low may lead to nitrogen loss, while a carbon-nitrogen ratio that is too high may cause the nutrient content of the compost to be substandard. By controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the loss of nitrogen in the form of ammonia or its conversion into nitrates and nitrites can be reduced, thereby increasing the nitrogen retention rate of the compost. Therefore, inlet and outlet gas detection and calculation of carbon and nitrogen content are important means to ensure compost quality, optimize fertilization strategies, and improve agricultural sustainability. Based on this, the present invention provides a laboratory-level composting fermentation and its C and N calculation system, which can detect the components of the inlet and outlet gases in real time, and detect the carbon and nitrogen content in the material and changes in the solid content. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a laboratory-level composting fermentation and C and N calculation system thereof, which integrates the material fermentation and the calculation system for detecting the changes of components such as solid, liquid and gas into one, can monitor the fermentation status of the material in real time, and can adjust the corresponding indicators according to the fermentation status, so as to obtain high-quality compost.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention discloses a laboratory-level composting fermentation system, comprising a fermentation bin, wherein an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, an air inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin, the air inlet pipe is located below the air distribution plate, a top cover is arranged at the top of the fermentation bin, a thermometer, a pressure gauge and an air outlet pipe are arranged on the top cover, and flow meters are arranged on the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe respectively.

[0007] Preferably, a cavity is provided on the side wall and the bottom of the fermentation bin, an insulation layer is provided in the cavity, an annular sealing ring is provided at the bottom of the top cover, the cross-section of the sealing ring is "n"-shaped and is adapted to the top of the fermentation bin, and the outer and inner sides of the top of the fermentation bin are respectively processed into chamfers; a liquid outlet pipe is provided at the bottom center of the fermentation bin, and the bottom of the fermentation bin is an inclined surface inclined toward the liquid outlet pipe.

[0008] Preferably, an aeration pipe is provided at the bottom of the fermentation bin, the aeration pipe is annular, and a plurality of air nozzles are provided in the inner circle, the air nozzles are tilted downward, and the inclination angle is less than or equal to 30°, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the aeration pipe; a baffle is provided on the inner wall of the fermentation bin, the baffle is located between the air distribution plate and the aeration pipe, and is used to support the air distribution plate.

[0009] Preferably, a fixed cylinder adapted to the fermentation bin is provided at the bottom of the gas distribution plate, the fixed cylinder and the gas distribution plate form a loading bin, and a hook with an opening facing downward is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the fixed cylinder near the top thereof.

[0010] Preferably, the top cover is driven to rise and fall by a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism includes a support rod arranged on the side of the fermentation bin, and the top end of the support rod is rotatably connected to a rotating rod; the rotating rod is in a "┓" shape, and one end of its vertical rod is rotatably connected to the top end of the support rod through a first bearing, and one end of the cross rod is detachably connected to the top cover through a telescopic piece; or, one end of the cross rod is connected to a stirring mechanism through a third motor, and the stirring mechanism passes through the top cover and extends into the fermentation bin.

[0011] Preferably, a fixing plate is laterally arranged at the output end of the telescopic member, and the top cover is fixed to the fixing plate by magnetic attraction; a through hole for the stirring mechanism to pass through is arranged at the center of the top cover, a base is arranged at the bottom of the third motor, a sleeve is arranged on the base, a fixing rod extending into the sleeve is arranged on the cross bar of the rotating rod, a limiting hole is laterally arranged on the fixing rod, and a positioning hole corresponding to the limiting hole is arranged on the sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, a section of the support rod close to the fermentation bin is a threaded section, a nut is provided on the threaded section of the support rod, the nut is fixed to the outer wall of the fermentation bin through a fixing seat, the bottom of the support rod is driven by a first motor, a slide rail is vertically provided on the side wall of the fermentation bin, a slider is provided on the slide rail, and the first motor is fixed on the slider.

[0013] Preferably, a second bearing is sleeved and fixed on the side wall of the support rod near its top end, an inclined rod is fixed on the outer ring of the second bearing, and the other end of the inclined rod is fixed to the cross rod of the rotating rod; a support plate is fixed on the top of the outer ring of the second bearing, a second motor is arranged on the support plate, a driven gear is sleeved on the vertical rod of the rotating rod, and the driving gear on the output end of the second motor is meshed with the driven gear.

[0014] Preferably, when the air distribution plate needs to be taken out of the fermentation bin, a lifting frame is installed on the fixed plate, and hooks are vertically hinged at both ends of the lifting frame, the hooks correspond to the hanging hooks, and the opening of the hooks is arranged toward the hanging hook, and a tension spring is arranged between the hook and the lifting frame.

[0015] Accordingly, a laboratory-level composting fermentation C and N calculation system includes a gas analysis device for analyzing the composition of incoming and outgoing gases and a solid analysis device for analyzing material leachate and solid matter; the gas entering the inlet pipe enters the fermentation bin after component analysis, and the gas discharged from the fermentation bin through the outlet pipe is subjected to component analysis, and the discharged gas is collected in an exhaust gas absorption bottle; the gas analysis device and the solid analysis device are respectively connected to the terminal device; the flow meter and the thermometer are respectively connected to the terminal device.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention provides a fermentation bin, a liftable support rod is provided on the side of the fermentation bin, a rotatable rotating rod is provided on the top of the support rod, a telescopic part is provided on the rotating rod, and the rotating rod is connected with the top cover on the fermentation bin, so as to realize the fixing and opening of the top cover and the fermentation bin; a stirring mechanism is also provided as needed, so that the composting fermentation system disclosed in the present invention can perform dynamic / static composting; at the same time, an air distribution plate is provided in the fermentation bin, a fixed cylinder is provided on the air distribution plate, and the material is placed in the fixed cylinder, so as to facilitate the removal of the material from the fermentation bin, and an air inlet pipe is provided under the air distribution plate, and the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the annular aeration pipe, and a plurality of air nozzles are provided around the inner circle of the aeration pipe, and combined with the air distribution plate, uniform air distribution is achieved.

[0018] At the same time, the composting fermentation system is equipped with a detection system, including air intake detection, air outlet detection, and material detection. Among them, the air intake mainly detects the concentration and air intake volume of CO2, CH4, N2O, O2; the air outlet mainly detects the concentration and air outlet volume of CO2, CH4, N2O, O2, NH3; the material mainly detects TOC / N, DOC / N, NH 4+ -N, NO 3- -N content and TS content changes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composting fermentation system of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure after the lifting frame and telescopic parts are fixed on the foundation;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the third motor and the stirring mechanism are installed;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the hook and the lifting hook after being buckled together;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram after the aeration pipe is connected to the air inlet pipe;

[0024] Figure 6 It is the flow chart of C and N calculation system;

[0025] In the figure: fermentation bin 1, air distribution plate 2, air inlet pipe 3, top cover 4, pressure gauge 5, air outlet pipe 6, insulation layer 7, sealing ring 8, liquid outlet pipe 9, aeration pipe 10, air nozzle 11, baffle 12, fixing cylinder 13, hook 14, support rod 15, rotating rod 16, first bearing 17, fixing plate 18, through hole 19, bolt 20, nut 21, fixing seat 22, first motor 23, slide rail 24, slider 25, second bearing 26, inclined rod 27, support plate 28, second motor 29, driven gear 30, lifting frame 31, hook 32, tension spring 33, telescopic member 34, third motor 35, stirring mechanism 36, sleeve 37, base 38, fixing rod 39, limiting hole 40, positioning hole 41. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0028] refer to Figure 1-Figure 5The present invention discloses a laboratory-level composting fermentation system, including a fermentation bin 1, wherein an air distribution plate 2 is provided at the bottom of the fermentation bin 1, and a plurality of air holes are provided on the air distribution plate. An air inlet pipe 3 is provided at the bottom of the fermentation bin 1, and the air inlet pipe 3 is located below the air distribution plate 2. The gas entering the fermentation bin is uniformly introduced into the material through the air distribution plate to achieve uniform air distribution. The material may be crushed straw. A top cover 4 is provided at the top of the fermentation bin 1, and a thermometer, a pressure gauge 5 and an air outlet pipe 6 are provided on the top cover 4. Flow meters are provided on the air inlet pipe 3 and the air outlet pipe 6, respectively, to monitor the flow of the inlet and outlet gases; a pressure stabilizing valve, a one-way valve, etc. may be provided on the air inlet pipe as required. The side walls and the bottom of the fermentation bin 1 are provided with cavities, and an insulation layer 7 is provided in the cavity to improve the insulation effect of the fermentation bin. The bottom of the top cover 4 is provided with an annular sealing ring 8, and the cross-section of the sealing ring 8 is "n"-shaped, which is adapted to the top of the fermentation bin 1. The outer side and the inner side of the top of the fermentation bin 1 are respectively processed into chamfers to facilitate the top of the fermentation bin to be inserted into the groove of the sealing ring to achieve the sealing of the fermentation bin; a liquid outlet pipe 9 is provided at the bottom center of the fermentation bin 1, and a valve is provided on the liquid outlet pipe. The bottom of the fermentation bin 1 is an inclined surface inclined toward the liquid outlet pipe 9, that is, the inner bottom of the fermentation bin is concave as a whole, so that the leachate produced by the fermentation of the material flows toward the liquid outlet pipe, and the leachate can be completely discharged through the liquid outlet pipe.

[0029] Furthermore, in order to make the materials compost and ferment better, the leachate at the bottom of the fermentation bin is circulated into the fermentation bin. Specifically, a liquid storage tank (not shown in the figure) is connected to the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe, and a circulation pipe is connected to the liquid storage tank. The other end of the circulation pipe is connected to the fermentation bin, and the connection is close to the top of the fermentation bin and located above the open end of the fixed cylinder. A liquid level gauge is inserted into the top of the liquid storage tank to monitor the amount of leachate. At the same time, a pump is set on the circulation pipe. When the leachate in the liquid storage tank reaches the set minimum liquid level, the pump can be started to transport the leachate to the fermentation bin.

[0030] Furthermore, since the position of the mouth of the air inlet pipe is fixed after the air inlet pipe is connected to the fermentation bin, the air distribution effect of the air distribution plate is not good. An aeration pipe 10 is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin 1. The aeration pipe 10 is annular and arranged around the inner bottom edge of the fermentation bin, and a plurality of air nozzles 11 are arranged in the inner circle. The air nozzle 11 is tilted downward, and the inclination angle is less than or equal to 30°, which can prevent the leachate from entering the air nozzle to a certain extent. If needed, a one-way air valve can be used for the air nozzle to prevent the leachate from entering the air nozzle. The air inlet pipe 3 is connected to the aeration pipe 10, and the gas in the air inlet pipe enters the fermentation bin from multiple directions through the aeration pipe, and then enters the material through the air distribution plate, which ensures the uniformity of air distribution to a certain extent. Compared with only one air inlet (the pipe opening where the air inlet pipe extends into the fermentation bin), multiple air inlets (air nozzles) are provided to disperse the gas instead of concentrating it in one place; a baffle 12 is provided on the inner wall of the fermentation bin 1, and the baffle 12 is located between the air distribution plate 2 and the aeration pipe 10, and is used to support the air distribution plate 2. Since there is material on the air distribution plate, in order to prevent the aeration pipe from being deformed or damaged by compression, a baffle is provided on the inner wall of the fermentation bin, and the width of the baffle is based on not blocking the air holes of the air distribution plate. The baffle can be plate-shaped, and multiple baffles can be provided as needed, or it can be ring-shaped to increase its stress area.

[0031] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the removal of the fermented materials from the fermentation bin. The bottom of the air distribution plate 2 is provided with a fixed cylinder 13 adapted to the fermentation bin 1. The fixed cylinder 13 and the air distribution plate 2 form a loading bin. The fixed cylinder fits the inner wall of the fermentation bin as closely as possible. A hook 14 with an opening facing downward is provided on the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 13, close to the top thereof. The height of the fixed cylinder is lower than the height of the fermentation bin, and when the material is loaded into the fixed cylinder, the material does not overflow from the fixed cylinder, and at the same time, does not submerge the hook. In order to successfully hang the hook on the hook, the outer wall of the hook and the outer wall of the hook are both curved surfaces.

[0032] Furthermore, the top cover 4 is driven to rise and fall by a lifting mechanism, so as to facilitate opening or closing the top cover. The lifting mechanism includes a support rod 15 arranged on the side of the fermentation bin 1, the support rod is arranged vertically, the top end of the support rod 15 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 16, the rotating rod is arranged horizontally, and the rotating rod 16 is in a "┓" shape, one end of the vertical rod is rotatably connected to the top end of the support rod 15 through a first bearing 17, and one end of the horizontal rod is detachably connected to the top cover 4 through a telescopic member 34. The telescopic member is arranged vertically, and a fixing plate 18 is fixed to its output end horizontally, and is fixed to the top cover through the fixing plate. The telescopic member includes but is not limited to an electric telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, and a cylinder. By rotating the rotating rod, the top cover is moved away from the fermentation bin.

[0033] Alternatively, refer to Figure 3As shown, when the material needs to be stirred, a stirring mechanism needs to be installed on the top cover. Specifically, a stirring mechanism 36 is connected to one end of the cross bar through a third motor 35, and the stirring mechanism 36 passes through the top cover 4 and extends into the fermentation bin 1. The stirring mechanism is a prior art, and dynamic composting is achieved by stirring the material; when the stirring mechanism is not installed, static composting is achieved, so that the fermentation device disclosed in the present invention can perform multi-mode composting. The output shaft of the third motor is fixed to the stirring shaft of the stirring mechanism. During installation, after the third motor is fixed, the stirring shaft of the stirring mechanism passes through and is placed in the fermentation bin, and then the output shaft of the third motor is fixed to the stirring shaft.

[0034] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the disassembly of the fixing plate and the top cover, the top cover 4 is fixed to the fixing plate 18 by magnetic attraction. If the fixing plate is made of metal or a magnet, a magnet is embedded on the top cover, or when the fixing plate is a magnet and the top cover is made of metal, the two can also be directly fixed by magnetic attraction. Magnetic attraction can prevent the fixing plate and the top cover from loosening to a certain extent. In order to prevent the position of the top cover from shifting each time the top cover is fixed, a fixing hole is set on the fixing plate 18, and a bolt 20 is set on the top cover at a position corresponding to the fixing hole. When the fixing plate and the top cover are fixed, the bolt passes through the fixing hole and is fixed by a nut. The top cover and the lifting frame can also be fixed in the same way.

[0035] Furthermore, when installing the stirring mechanism, a through hole 19 for the stirring mechanism 36 to pass through is provided at the center of the top cover 4, a base 38 is provided at the bottom of the third motor 36, a sleeve 37 is vertically provided on the base 38, a fixing rod 39 extending into the sleeve 37 is vertically provided on the cross bar of the rotating rod 16, and a limiting hole 40 is horizontally provided on the fixing rod 39. The limiting holes can be provided along the axial direction of the fixing rod as required, and the directions are the same. The sleeve 37 is provided with a positioning hole 41 corresponding to the limiting hole 40. The positioning hole can be provided horizontally through the sleeve and correspond to the limiting hole, or multiple positioning holes can be provided as required. The limiting hole can be provided through the fixing rod. When the fixing rod is inserted into the sleeve, the fixing rod and the sleeve are fixed by bolts, screws, pins, etc. passing through the positioning holes and the limiting holes in sequence. At the same time, the height of the third motor can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the fixing rod in the sleeve, thereby adjusting the height of the stirring mechanism in the fermentation bin. In addition, in order to prevent the top cover from being separated from the fermentation bin due to excessive pressure in the fermentation bin, a heavy object may be placed on the top cover after the stirring mechanism is installed. Of course, other methods may also be used.

[0036] Further, when the telescopic length of the telescopic member cannot remove the fixed cylinder from the fermentation bin, the length of the support rod is adjusted to achieve this. Specifically, a section of the support rod 15 close to the fermentation bin 1 is set as a threaded section. The length of the threaded section determines the height to which the support rod can be raised. The threaded section of the support rod 15 is adapted with a nut 21. The nut 21 is fixed to the outer wall of the fermentation bin 1 through a fixing seat 22. The position of the nut is fixed near the top of the fermentation bin. The bottom of the support rod 15 is driven by a first motor 23. A slide rail 24 is vertically arranged on the side wall of the fermentation bin 1. A slider 25 is arranged on the slide rail 24. The first motor 23 is fixed on the slider 25. The first motor drives the support rod to rotate. In cooperation with the nut, the support rod moves upward. At the same time, under the action of the first motor and the support rod, the first motor moves upward along the slide rail, and finally the first motor drives the support rod to move upward.

[0037] Further, the side wall of the support rod 15 near its top is sleeved with a second bearing 26, and an inclined rod 27 is fixed on the outer ring of the second bearing 26. The other end of the inclined rod 27 is fixed to the cross bar of the rotating rod 16, so as to enhance the stability between the rotating rod and the support rod. The second bearing is set so that the rotating rod will not affect the support rod when it rotates. A support plate 28 is fixed on the top of the outer ring of the second bearing 26. For easy installation, a convex block is set on the top of the outer ring of the second bearing, and the support plate is set on the convex block to avoid the support plate being directly fixed on the outer ring of the second bearing, so that the support plate and the inner ring of the second bearing rub against each other. The support plate is preferably an annular plate, which is sleeved on the support rod to ensure the stability of the second motor. A second motor 29 is set on the support plate 28, and a driven gear 30 is sleeved on the vertical rod of the rotating rod 16. The driving gear on the output end of the second motor 29 meshes with the driven gear 30. The rotating rod is driven to rotate by the second motor, so that the top cover on the rotating rod leaves the fermentation bin, and then the top cover on the telescopic member is replaced with a lifting frame as needed.

[0038] Furthermore, when the air distribution plate 2 needs to be taken out of the fermentation bin 1, a lifting frame 31 is installed on the fixed plate 18, that is, the top cover needs to be replaced with a lifting frame. The lifting frame can be rod-shaped or plate-shaped, and its length is less than the inner diameter of the fixed cylinder, so that the lifting frame can be inserted into the fixed cylinder. The lifting frame 31 and the fixed plate 18 can also be fixed by bolts 20, that is, bolts 20 are set at the top of the lifting frame 31 and at the position corresponding to the fixing hole on the fixed plate. When the fixed plate is placed on the lifting frame, the bolts pass through the fixing holes and are fixed by nuts. Hooks 32 are vertically hinged at both ends of the lifting frame 31. The hooks 32 correspond to the hooks 14, and the opening of the hooks 32 is set toward the hooks 14. A tension spring 33 is set between the hooks 32 and the lifting frame 31. It should be noted that the arc surface at the bottom of the hook corresponds to the arc surface at the top of the hook. When the lifting frame moves the hook into the fixed tube, since both are arc surfaces, the hooks rotate towards each other. At this time, the torsion spring is compressed (if the tension spring is set on the outside of the hook, the tension spring is stretched at this time), until the hook moves downward to be able to engage with the hook. Under the action of the torsion spring, the hook is reset, and the hook and the hook are hooked with each other. Figure 3 Then, the telescopic part contracts, lifts the fixed cylinder and the air distribution plate from the fermentation bin, cooperates with the support rod, and finally takes the fixed cylinder out of the fermentation bin to pour out the material.

[0039] The present invention also discloses a laboratory-level composting fermentation C and N calculation system. The composting fermentation system is equipped with a detection system, including air intake detection, air outlet detection, and material detection. The air intake mainly detects CO2, CH4, N2O, O2 concentrations and air intake volume, which are measured once every 20 minutes; the air outlet mainly detects CO2, CH4, N2O, O2, NH3 concentrations and air outlet volume, which are measured once every 20 minutes; the material mainly detects TOC / N, DOC / N, NH 4+ -N, NO 3- -N content and TS content changes.

[0040] Specifically: including gas analysis equipment for analyzing the composition of incoming and outgoing gases and solid analysis equipment for analyzing material leachate and solid matter, such as using GC (gas chromatography) for detection; the gas entering the inlet pipe 3 enters the fermentation bin 1 after component analysis, and the gas discharged from the fermentation bin 1 through the outlet pipe 6 is subjected to component analysis, and the discharged gas is collected in an exhaust gas absorption bottle; the gas analysis equipment and the solid analysis equipment are respectively connected to the terminal equipment; the flow meter and the thermometer are respectively connected to the terminal equipment, and the data monitored and detected by each device are monitored and counted through the terminal equipment.

[0041] Specifically: The calculation process of each component is as follows:

[0042] 1. C system calculation

[0043] The destination of C lost in the material is TOC = MBC + DOC + CO2 + CH4, that is, the lost C becomes DOC in the leachate, CO2, CH4 in the gas, and MBC of microorganisms in the material.

[0044] 1.CO2 concentration: inlet / outlet

[0045]

[0046] Q CO2 : Total CO2 volume; O 20(n+1) : CO2 gas output (after 20min); O 20n : CO2 output (before 20 minutes); I 20(n+1) : CO2 intake (after 20min); I 20n : CO2 intake (20 minutes ago); OC co2 : Outlet CO2 concentration; IC co2 : Intake CO2 concentration.

[0047] 2. CH4 concentration:

[0048]

[0049] Q CH4 : Total amount of CH4; O 20(n+1) : CH4 gas output (after 20min); O 20n : CH4 gas output (before 20min); I 20(n+1) : CH4 intake (after 20min); I 20n : CH4 intake (20min ago); OC CH4 : Outlet CO2 concentration; IC CH4 : Intake CO2 concentration.

[0050] 3.DOC content:

[0051]

[0052] Q DOC : Total amount of dissolved organic C; V n+1 : leachate volume (n+1 day); V n : leachate volume (n days); C DOC : Content or concentration of soluble organic C (%).

[0053] 4.TOC content:

[0054]

[0055] Q TOC : Total amount of dissolved organic C; Mn+1 : Mass of reaction materials (n+1 day); M n : mass of reaction materials (n days); TS: solid content of materials; C DOC : Content or concentration of organic C (%).

[0056] 5.MBC content:

[0057]

[0058] Q MBC : Total amount of microorganisms C; M n+1 : Mass of reaction materials (n+1 day); M n : mass of reaction materials (n days); TS: solid content of materials; C DOC : Content or concentration of organic C (%).

[0059] 2. N system calculation

[0060] Where the N lost in the material goes TON = MBN + DON + N2O + NH4 + -N+NO3 - -N, that is, the lost N becomes DON and NH4 in the leachate + -N, NO3 - -N and N2O, NH3 in the gas and microbial MBN in the material.

[0061] 1.N2O concentration: inlet / outlet

[0062]

[0063] Q N2O : Total N2O volume; O 20(n+1) : N2O gas output (after 20min); O 20n : N2O gas output (before 20min); I 20(n+1) : N2O intake (after 20min); I 20n : N2O intake (20 minutes ago); OC N2O : Outlet N2O concentration; IC N2O : Intake air N2O concentration.

[0064] 2.NH3 concentration:

[0065]

[0066] QNH3: total NH3 gas volume; O 20(n+1) : NH3 gas output (after 20min); O 20n : NH3 gas output (before 20min); I 20(n+1) : NH3 intake volume (after 20min); I20n : NH3 intake volume (20min ago); OC NH3 : Outlet NH3 concentration; IC NH3 : Intake NH3 concentration.

[0067] 3. DON content:

[0068]

[0069] Q DON : Total amount of dissolved organic C; V n+1 : leachate volume (n+1 day); V n : leachate volume (n days); C DON : Content or concentration of soluble organic C (%).

[0070] 4.TON content:

[0071]

[0072] Q TON : Total amount of dissolved organic C; M n+1 : Mass of reaction materials (n+1 day); M n : mass of reaction materials (n days); TS: solid content of materials; C DON : Content or concentration of organic C (%).

[0073] 5.MBN content:

[0074]

[0075] Q MBN : Total amount of microorganisms C; M n+1 : Mass of reaction materials (n+1 day); M n : mass of reaction materials (n days); TS: solid content of materials; C DON : Content or concentration of organic C (%).

[0076] 3. Material system calculation

[0077] TS calculation:

[0078]

[0079] M D : Material after drying (105℃); M W : Undried material.

[0080] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0081] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system, characterized in that: The fermentation chamber (1) comprises a fermentation chamber (1), wherein an air distribution plate (2) is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber (1), an air inlet pipe (3) is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation chamber (1), and the air inlet pipe (3) is located below the air distribution plate (2); a top cover (4) is arranged at the top of the fermentation chamber (1), a thermometer, a pressure gauge (5) and an air outlet pipe (6) are arranged on the top cover (4), and flow meters are arranged on the air inlet pipe (3) and the air outlet pipe (6), respectively.

2. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side walls and the bottom of the fermentation bin (1) are provided with cavities, and a heat-insulating layer (7) is provided in the cavity. The bottom of the top cover (4) is provided with an annular sealing ring (8), and the cross-section of the sealing ring (8) is in an "n" shape, which is adapted to the top of the fermentation bin (1). The outer side and the inner side of the top of the fermentation bin (1) are respectively processed into chamfers; a liquid outlet pipe (9) is provided at the center of the bottom of the fermentation bin (1), and the bottom of the fermentation bin (1) is an inclined surface inclined toward the liquid outlet pipe (9).

3. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An aeration pipe (10) is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation bin (1), the aeration pipe (10) is annular, and a plurality of air nozzles (11) are arranged in the inner circle, the air nozzles (11) are arranged to be inclined downward, and the inclination angle is less than or equal to 30 degrees, and the air inlet pipe (3) is connected to the aeration pipe (10); a baffle (12) is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation bin (1), and the baffle (12) is located between the air distribution plate (2) and the aeration pipe (10) and is used to support the air distribution plate (2).

4. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed cylinder (13) adapted to the fermentation bin (1) is arranged at the bottom of the gas distribution plate (2); the fixed cylinder (13) and the gas distribution plate (2) form a loading bin; and a hook (14) with an opening facing downward is arranged on the inner wall of the fixed cylinder (13) near the top thereof.

5. The laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover (4) is driven to rise and fall by a lifting mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises a support rod (15) arranged on the side of the fermentation bin (1), and the top end of the support rod (15) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (16); the rotating rod (16) is in a "┓" shape, and one end of its vertical rod is rotatably connected to the top end of the support rod (15) through a first bearing (17), and one end of the horizontal rod is detachably connected to the top cover (4) through a telescopic member (34); or, one end of the horizontal rod is connected to a stirring mechanism (36) through a third motor (35), and the stirring mechanism (36) passes through the top cover (4) and extends into the fermentation bin (1).

6. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fixing plate (18) is transversely arranged at the output end of the telescopic member (34), and the top cover (4) is fixed to the fixing plate (18) by magnetic attraction; a through hole (19) is arranged at the center of the top cover (4) for the stirring mechanism (36) to pass through; a base (38) is arranged at the bottom of the third motor (36), a sleeve (37) is arranged on the base (38), a fixing rod (39) extending into the sleeve (37) is arranged on the cross bar of the rotating rod (16), a limiting hole (40) is transversely arranged on the fixing rod (39), and a positioning hole (41) corresponding to the limiting hole (40) is arranged on the sleeve (37).

7. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A section of the support rod (15) close to the fermentation bin (1) is a threaded section, a nut (21) is provided on the threaded section of the support rod (15), the nut (21) is fixed to the outer wall of the fermentation bin (1) through a fixing seat (22), the bottom of the support rod (15) is driven by a first motor (23), a slide rail (24) is vertically provided on the side wall of the fermentation bin (1), a slider (25) is provided on the slide rail (24), and the first motor (23) is fixed on the slider (25).

8. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second bearing (26) is sleeved and fixed on the side wall of the support rod (15) near the top thereof, an inclined rod (27) is fixed on the outer ring of the second bearing (26), and the other end of the inclined rod (27) is fixed to the crossbar of the rotating rod (16); a support plate (28) is fixed on the top of the outer ring of the second bearing (26), a second motor (29) is arranged on the support plate (28), a driven gear (30) is sleeved on the vertical rod of the rotating rod (16), and a driving gear on the output end of the second motor (29) is meshed with the driven gear (30).

9. A laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: When it is necessary to take the air distribution plate (2) out of the fermentation bin (1), a lifting frame (31) is installed on the fixed plate (18), and hooks (32) are vertically hinged at both ends of the lifting frame (31), the hooks (32) correspond to the hooks (14), and the opening of the hooks (32) is arranged toward the hooks (14), and a tension spring (33) is arranged between the hooks (32) and the lifting frame (31).

10. A C and N calculation system using the laboratory-level composting fermentation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It comprises a gas analysis device for analyzing the composition of the inlet and outlet gases and a solid analysis device for analyzing the material leachate and solid matter; the gas entering the inlet pipe (3) enters the fermentation bin (1) after the composition analysis, and the gas discharged from the fermentation bin (1) through the outlet pipe (6) is subjected to the composition analysis, and the discharged gas is collected in the tail gas absorption bottle; The gas analysis equipment and the solid analysis equipment are connected to the terminal equipment respectively; the flow meter and the thermometer are connected to the terminal equipment respectively.

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