Waterproof structure and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a waterproof structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and the manufacturing method comprises the steps of providing a biodegradable mixture, adding a natural additive, spraying and removing moisture, and is characterized in that the biodegradable mixture which mainly comprises natural plant fiber raw materials and polysaccharides (such as algal glue, vegetable glue and animal glue) is used as a material; the applied natural additives and the manufacturing method are non-toxic, safe and natural, the film body layer is formed through an adhesion technology, and paper, plastic, glass, textile fiber / cloth, tableware, containers, decoration, blocking / buffering materials, protective tools, articles, printing and forming technologies in the market are applied to the technical field of application; the film body layer has the characteristics of water resistance, heat resistance, adhesion, stretching and oil resistance; in addition, the applied algae can be used for carbon sequestration, and the algae absorbing carbon dioxide can be used as a main raw material of the membrane body layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waterproof and heat-resistant films, and in particular to a waterproof structure and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, plastic waste accumulated in the environment cannot decompose naturally, and will become brittle or decomposed into plastic particles smaller than 5mm, which absorb pollutants in the ocean, interfere with the human endocrine system and cause cancer. According to statistics, there are at least 8 million tons of garbage accumulated in the ocean, which not only causes fatal harm to marine life, but also returns to the human body through the food chain. At present, data has shown that plastic particles are already present in infants' bodies and human blood.

[0003] In view of the above, the EU proposed to completely ban disposable plastic products by 2030. However, the demand for disposable plastic products has increased instead of decreased. According to data, the global disposable plastic packaging market is expected to reach US$35.09 billion in 2030, and will continue to expand at a compound annual growth rate of 5.66% from 2022 to 2030. Under the market demand and the introduction of the ban on plastics policy, many environmentally friendly materials have emerged.

[0004] Disadvantages and problems of existing related technologies:

[0005] 1. Plastic coating technology:

[0006] Currently, the most common alternative to disposable plastic products is paper products, such as paper cups, paper tableware, and paper straws. However, because paper itself is not waterproof, heat-resistant, or elastic, a layer of plastic film is applied to the inner layer to achieve waterproof, oil-proof, and heat-resistant purposes. However, the coated paper product has changed from "paper" to a "composite material" and cannot enter the recycling system for paper or plastic. In addition, most of the inner plastic films of the product coating cannot withstand high temperatures, so when it is used to hold hot food, plasticizers will be released, causing health hazards.

[0007] 2. Polylactic Acid (PLA) coating technology:

[0008] In addition to plastic, which is the largest material used in lamination, the second most common one is PLA. Although PLA is a degradable material, it needs to be decomposed at a temperature above 60°C, so it cannot be decomposed in general marine or soil environments. However, since PLA is known as a natural degradable raw material, many manufacturers have switched to PLA raw materials instead of plastic under the plastic restriction policy. However, there are still no specific regulations to regulate the recycling of PLA materials, and the decomposition conditions of PLA are different from those of plastic. When the appearance and density of PLA are similar to those of plastic, it is easy to mix with plastic and enter the plastic recycling system, thus deriving more environmental problems and causing greater harm than plastic. Therefore, the European Union has classified PLA as plastic and banned it. In addition, PLA products will be banned in Taiwan, China, starting in August 2023.

[0009] In addition, plastic waste cannot decompose naturally, and will become brittle or decompose into plastic particles smaller than 5mm, which absorb marine pollutants, interfere with the human endocrine system and cause cancer.

[0010] Therefore, it is indeed necessary to provide a marine decomposable waterproof structure and a manufacturing method thereof that can enhance environmental benefits and thus improve human health.

[0011] In view of this, the inventor has invested a lot of energy and spirit in research and development, constantly making breakthroughs and innovations in this field, hoping to solve the deficiencies of the existing technology with novel technical means, not only to bring better products to the society, but also to promote the development of the industry. Summary of the invention

[0012] In view of the above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a waterproof structure with excellent waterproof, heat-resistant and mechanical properties, which can solve the environmental problems derived from the use of plastic or PLA coating for various disposable products or packaging materials, effectively reduce the use of plastic, and make disposable paper products that cannot be decomposed in the ocean in the prior art biodegradable.

[0013] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a waterproof structure, including a base layer and at least one membrane layer, wherein the membrane layer is bonded to the surface of the base layer by means of an attachment technique, and the membrane layer material comprises a biodegradable mixture and a natural additive.

[0014] In one embodiment, the plant fiber is selected from seaweed, konjac, sugar cane, bamboo, banana, coconut, cotton, pineapple leaves, flax, rice stalks, bran, tofu residues, tea residues, coffee residues or plant root, stem, leaf or fruit fiber materials.

[0015] In one embodiment, the polysaccharide is selected from agar, carrageenan, alginate or gelatin, and the gelatin is selected from porcine, bovine or fish gelatin.

[0016] In one embodiment, the natural additive includes glucose and glycerol.

[0017] In one embodiment, the attachment technique is electrostatic, diffusion, injection, spin coating, dipping, injection molding, spraying, spraying, atomization, laminating or scraping.

[0018] In one embodiment, the plant fiber accounts for 0% to 97% by weight.

[0019] The polysaccharide is selected from algin and its proportion is 0% to 97% by weight.

[0020] The proportion of the natural additive is 3% to 50% by weight.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a waterproof structure, the produced marine-degradable waterproof and heat-resistant film has excellent waterproof, heat-resistant and mechanical properties, can solve the environmental problems derived from the use of plastic or PLA coating for various disposable products or packaging materials, effectively reduce the use of plastic, and make disposable paper products that cannot be decomposed in the ocean in the prior art biodegradable.

[0022] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a waterproof structure, comprising the following steps: providing a biodegradable mixture: mixing plant fibers and polysaccharides into a biodegradable mixture; adding natural additives: adding natural additives to the biodegradable mixture; spraying: spraying the biodegradable mixture containing natural additives on a base layer by spraying technology to form a membrane layer bonded to the surface of the base layer; removing moisture: removing moisture from the base layer and the membrane layer by drying, baking technology or drying in a natural environment to shape it into the marine degradable waterproof and heat-resistant membrane.

[0023] In one embodiment, the plant fiber includes seaweed, konjac, sugar cane, bamboo, banana, coconut, cotton, pineapple leaves, flax, rice stalks, bran, tofu residues, tea residues, coffee residues or plant root, stem, leaf or fruit fiber materials.

[0024] In one embodiment, the polysaccharide is selected from agar, carageenan, alginate or animal gelatin, and the animal gelatin includes pig, bovine or fish gelatin.

[0025] In one embodiment, the natural additive is selected from glucose, glycerol or a metal ion chemical containing hydroxide, carbonate, acetate or nitrate, and the metal ion chemical includes calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, calcium carbonate, iron carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, calcium acetate, iron acetate, magnesium acetate, zinc acetate, iron nitrate, magnesium nitrate or zinc nitrate.

[0026] According to the above advantages, and in order to enable the examiners to further understand the present invention, the preferred implementation modes are disclosed as follows. With the help of drawings and figure numbers, the components of the present invention and the effects achieved are described in detail as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the waterproof structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A block diagram of a method for manufacturing a waterproof structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of spraying the gel solution onto paper according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 and Figure 5 A test chart of the waterproof property of the waterproof structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is a test chart of the heat resistance of the waterproof structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a tensile test chart of the waterproof structure of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of symbols:

[0034] Step A

[0035] Step B

[0036] Step C

[0037] Step D

[0038] Base layer 10

[0039] Film layer 20

[0040] Two-fluid spray gun 30

[0041] Sample slot 31

[0042] Paper 40 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following specific embodiments are used to illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. In addition, the present invention can also be implemented or applied by other different specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0044] See also Figures 1 to 8 , Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the waterproof structure of the present invention; Figure 2A block diagram of a method for manufacturing a waterproof structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of spraying the gel solution onto paper according to the present invention; Figure 4 and Figure 5 A test chart of the waterproof property of the waterproof structure of the present invention; Figure 6 and Figure 7 A heat resistance test chart of the waterproof structure of the present invention; and Figure 8 This is a tensile test chart of the waterproof structure of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a waterproof structure, including a base layer 10 and at least one membrane layer 20, which will be described in detail below.

[0046] The film layer 20 is bonded to the surface of the base layer 10 by means of an attachment technique. The material of the film layer 20 includes a biodegradable mixture and a natural additive. The biodegradable mixture includes plant fibers and polysaccharides.

[0047] In one embodiment, the plant fiber is selected from seaweed, konjac, sugar cane, bamboo, banana, coconut, cotton, pineapple leaves, flax, rice stalks, bran, tofu residues, tea residues, coffee residues or plant root, stem, leaf or fruit fiber materials.

[0048] In one embodiment, the polysaccharide is selected from agar, carrageenan, alginate or gelatin, and the gelatin is selected from porcine, bovine or fish gelatin.

[0049] In one embodiment, the natural additive includes glucose and glycerol.

[0050] In one embodiment, the attachment technique is electrostatic, diffusion, injection, spin coating, dipping, injection molding, spraying, spraying, atomization, laminating or scraping.

[0051] In one embodiment, the plant fiber accounts for 0% to 97% by weight.

[0052] The polysaccharide is selected from algin, and the proportion of algin is 0% to 97% by weight.

[0053] The proportion of the natural additive is 3% to 50% by weight.

[0054] The waterproof structure of the present invention has excellent waterproof, heat-resistant and mechanical properties, and can solve the environmental problems derived from the use of plastic or PLA coating for various disposable products or packaging materials, effectively reduce the use of plastic, and make disposable paper products that cannot be decomposed in the ocean in conventional technology biodegradable.

[0055] like Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a waterproof structure, comprising the following steps: A. providing a biodegradable mixture; B. adding natural additives; C. spraying; D. removing moisture, which will be described in detail below.

[0056] A. Providing a biodegradable mixture: Mixing plant fibers and polysaccharides into a biodegradable mixture.

[0057] B. Adding natural additives: adding natural additives to the biodegradable mixture.

[0058] C. Spraying: Spraying the biodegradable mixture containing natural additives onto a base layer by spraying technology to combine a film layer with the base layer.

[0059] D. Removing moisture: removing moisture from the base layer and the film layer by drying, baking or drying in a natural environment (such as shade drying, sun drying, air drying, etc.) to form the marine decomposable waterproof and heat-resistant film.

[0060] In one embodiment, the plant fiber of the biodegradable mixture is selected from seaweed, konjac, sugar cane, bamboo, banana, coconut, cotton, pineapple leaves, flax, rice stalks, bran, tofu residues, tea residues, coffee residues or plant root, stem, leaf or fruit fiber materials.

[0061] In one embodiment, the polysaccharide of the biodegradable mixture is selected from agar, carrageenan or alginate.

[0062] In one embodiment, the natural additive comprises glucose, glycerol or a metal ion chemical containing hydroxide, carbonate, acetate or nitrate, and the metal ion chemical is selected from calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, calcium carbonate, iron carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, calcium acetate, iron acetate, magnesium acetate, zinc acetate, iron nitrate, magnesium nitrate or zinc nitrate.

[0063] The waterproof structure produced by the manufacturing method of the waterproof structure of the present invention has excellent waterproof, heat-resistant and mechanical properties, and can solve the environmental problems derived from the need to use plastic or PLA coating for various disposable products or packaging materials, effectively reduce the use of plastic, and make disposable paper products that cannot be decomposed in the ocean in conventional technology biodegradable.

[0064] First embodiment :

[0065] Different from traditional plastic packaging materials, the waterproof and heat-resistant packaging material is made of the biodegradable mixture of the present invention. The algin in the biodegradable mixture is agar or carageenan, with a ratio of 0-100%; the plant fiber can be konjac, with a ratio of 0%-100%, and the sum of the ratios of the two is 100%; the additives can be glycerol and glucose, with a ratio of 1-5% of the weight of the biodegradable mixture. The waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) under the conditions in the following table can achieve a hydrophobicity of a water drop contact angle of >80°, and a temperature resistance of 100°C.

[0066]

[0067] Experimental steps:

[0068] 1. Put agar and konjac into water (beaker), mix the sample evenly at 90°C and 600 rpm (the stirring device is a magnetic heating stirring table) for about 30 minutes, then add additives and stir for about 5 minutes to form a final mixture.

[0069] 2. The final mixture was poured into a glass petri dish (molding mold) with a diameter of 6 cm and baked at 100°C for 1 hour to form a waterproof and heat-resistant film.

[0070] 3. The water drop contact angle is used to verify its waterproofness, and the general hydrophobic angle of more than 80° is used as the basis for judging hydrophobicity.

[0071] 4. Use a thermogravimetric analyzer to verify the heat resistance. For general packaging applications, when the temperature is heated to 100 degrees, the film has no weight loss and remains stable.

[0072] Second embodiment :

[0073] Different from the traditional plastic coating, the waterproof and heat-resistant coating is made of the biodegradable mixture of the present invention. The algin in the biodegradable mixture is agar or carageenan, with a ratio of 30%-90% by weight; the plant fiber can be seaweed, with a ratio of 10%-70% by weight. The waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) under the following conditions can achieve a hydrophobicity with a water drop contact angle of >80°, and a temperature resistance of 100°.

[0074]

[0075] Experimental steps:

[0076] 1. Put agar or carrageenan into water (beaker), and mix the sample evenly for about 30 minutes at 90°C and 600 rpm (the stirring device is a magnetic heating stirring table) to form a gel.

[0077] 2. Add seaweed powder into the gel solution and stir for about 5 minutes to complete the sample preparation before coating.

[0078] 3. Please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the gel solution is poured into the sample tank 31 of the two-fluid spray gun 30 (with an air compressor), and then the solution is evenly sprayed on the paper material 40 to complete the coating operation.

[0079] 4. After the coated paper is 40, put it into the oven and bake it at 100℃ for 3 minutes to form a waterproof and heat-resistant coated paper.

[0080] 5. The water drop contact angle is used to verify the waterproofness of the waterproof and heat-resistant coated paper, and the general hydrophobic angle of 80° or more is used as the basis for judging the hydrophobicity.

[0081] 6. Pour the gel solution into a glass petri dish (6 cm in diameter) to make a membrane, and bake it at 100°C for 2 hours to form a membrane. For the application of coated paper products, a thermogravimetric analyzer is used to verify the heat resistance. When the membrane temperature is heated to 100 degrees, there is no weight loss, and the membrane layer remains heat-resistant and stable.

[0082] 7. Pour the gel solution into an iron plate (19 cm × 15 cm) to make a membrane, and bake it at 100°C for 2 hours to form a membrane. Use a tensile tester to verify the tensile properties. Use a 2.5 cm × 15 cm membrane size as the sample size to measure its tensile force and elongation at break.

[0083] Material property testing :

[0084] 1. The waterproof properties of the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) of the present invention can be verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water repellency, and water drop contact angle.

[0085] (1) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR):

[0086] Implementation method 1:

[0087] See also Figure 4 As shown in the figure, according to the surface functional group analysis results of FTIR, 1730cm -1 The penetration peak disappeared, indicating that the hydrophilic functional group of konjac, the acetyl (C=O) bond, was removed, so the membrane exhibited a more hydrophobic performance, proving that the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant membrane) of the present invention has better waterproof properties.

[0088] Figure 4The vertical axis represents the transmittance, and the horizontal axis represents the wave number.

[0089] Implementation method 2:

[0090] See also Figure 5 As shown in the results of FTIR surface functional group analysis, the addition of plant fiber seaweed caused a -1 The penetration peak of disappeared, indicating the reduction of the hydrophilic functional group, hydroxyl (-OH) bond, so the membrane exhibits a more hydrophobic performance, proving that the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant membrane) of the present invention has better waterproof properties.

[0091] Figure 5 The vertical axis represents the transmittance, and the horizontal axis represents the wave number.

[0092] (2) Water displacement:

[0093] Instrument Specifications:

[0094] Nozzle, 19 holes, 0.86 mm diameter.

[0095] Bracket angle 45.

[0096] Test piece size: 180mm×180mm.

[0097] Test water volume: 250ml

[0098] A test piece of the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) of the present invention is placed on the bracket, and 250 ml of water is sprayed on the surface of the test piece using a nozzle above the test piece.

[0099] The water-wetting degree of the test piece all falls within ISO level 3, which means that the surface of the test piece is dispersedly wet, proving that the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) of the present invention has better waterproof properties.

[0100] (3) Water drop contact angle: A 10 μl water drop is fixedly titrated on the surface of the marine decomposable waterproof and heat-resistant film to be tested.

[0101] The size of the water droplet contact angle is closely related to the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface. The larger the contact angle between a substance and a water droplet, the higher the hydrophobicity; the smaller the contact angle between a substance and a water droplet, the higher the hydrophilicity.

[0102] If the contact angle of a water droplet on a surface is less than 10 degrees, it is called super hydrophilic. The degree between is hydrophilic, The degree is hydrophobic, and more than 120 degrees is called super hydrophobic.

[0103] The water drop contact angle of the surface of the object to be tested was tested to be 105 degrees, showing a relatively hydrophobic performance, proving that the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) of the present invention has better waterproof properties.

[0104] 2. The heat resistance of the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant film) of the present invention can be verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

[0105] Implementation method 1:

[0106] See also Figure 6 As shown, based on the thermal cracking temperature (250°C), the thermal stability temperature is at least 100°C.

[0107] Figure 6 The vertical axis represents weight, and the horizontal axis represents temperature.

[0108] Implementation method 2:

[0109] See also Figure 7 As shown, based on the thermal cracking temperature (249°C), the thermal stability temperature is at least 100°C.

[0110] Figure 7 The vertical axis represents the transmittance, and the horizontal axis represents the wave number.

[0111] 3. Tensile test:

[0112]

[0113] Please refer to Figure 8 A tensile test chart of the waterproof structure (waterproof and heat-resistant membrane) of the present invention.

[0114] Distinguishing technical features of the present invention from the prior art :

[0115] 1.PP and PE are currently commonly used plastic raw materials. They are thermoplastic materials and require high-temperature hot-melt equipment in the product molding process. The equipment structure is more complex and the cost is higher.

[0116] 2. PLA and PBS are currently commonly used biodegradable plastic raw materials. They are thermoplastic materials and can be applied to general plastic process equipment.

[0117] 3. The waterproof and heat-resistant film prepared by the natural plant glue of the present invention is a thermosetting material. The process equipment required is a low-temperature heating stirring table and an extrusion process. Compared with general plastic process equipment, the cost is lower.

[0118] The above embodiments are merely examples for the convenience of explanation. The scope of rights claimed by the present invention shall be based on the scope of the patent application, and is not limited to the above embodiments.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure, characterized in that: include: basal layer; as well as At least one film layer is bonded to the surface of the base layer by means of an attachment technique. The material of the film layer comprises a biodegradable mixture and a natural additive. The biodegradable mixture comprises plant fibers and polysaccharides.

2. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant fiber includes seaweed, konjac, sugar cane, bamboo, banana, coconut, cotton, pineapple leaves, flax, rice stalks, bran, bean curd residues, tea residues, coffee residues or plant root, stem, leaf or fruit fiber materials.

3. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polysaccharide includes agar, carageenan, alginate or animal gelatin, and the animal gelatin includes pig, bovine or fish gelatin.

4. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural additives include glucose and glycerol.

5. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attachment technology includes any one of electrostatic, diffusion, injection, spin coating, dipping, injection molding, spraying, spraying, atomization, laminating or scraping to achieve the waterproof purpose.

6. The waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant fiber accounts for 0% to 97% by weight, the polysaccharide selected from algin accounts for 0% to 97% by weight, and the natural additive accounts for 3% to 50% by weight.

7. A method for manufacturing a waterproof structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Providing a biodegradable mixture: mixing plant fiber and polysaccharide into a biodegradable mixture; B. Adding natural additives: adding natural additives to the biodegradable mixture; C. Spraying: spraying the biodegradable mixture containing the natural additives on a substrate layer by spraying technology to form a film layer body bonded to the substrate layer; as well as D. Removing moisture: By means of drying, baking or natural drying, the moisture in the base layer and the membrane layer is removed to form the waterproof structure.

8. The method for manufacturing a waterproof structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plant fiber includes seaweed, konjac, sugar cane, bamboo, banana, coconut, cotton, pineapple leaves, flax, rice stalks, bran, bean curd residues, tea residues, coffee residues or plant root, stem, leaf or fruit fiber materials.

9. The method for manufacturing a waterproof structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The polysaccharide includes agar, carrageenan, algin or animal gelatin, and the animal gelatin includes porcine, bovine or fish gelatin.

10. The method for manufacturing a waterproof structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The natural additive comprises glucose, glycerol or a metal ion chemical containing hydroxide, carbonate, acetate or nitrate, and the metal ion chemical is selected from calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, calcium carbonate, iron carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, calcium acetate, iron acetate, magnesium acetate, zinc acetate, iron nitrate, magnesium nitrate or zinc nitrate.

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