High-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in tunnels and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction process equipment and construction process. Provided is a high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control during tunnel construction and a construction method thereof, which has a relatively simple structure and can effectively relieve pressure in high-risk areas of rock burst in tunnels, reduce or even prevent rock bursts. The high-pressure expansion device includes a shell structure, a control component and an expansion reaction generator, both of which are arranged in the shell structure. The expansion reaction generator starts the reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated by the tunnel excavation obtained by the control component, and the high-pressure gas is used to break the tunnel rock mass according to the set blasting pressure to release stress and control rock burst.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a high-pressure expansion device, in particular to a high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in a tunnel, belonging to the technical field of tunnel construction process equipment and construction process. The present invention also relates to a construction method of the high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel construction process, the excavation of the rock mass causes the destruction of the original rock stress equilibrium state. Rockburst disasters are very likely to occur during the redistribution of surrounding rock stress. This is a serious geological disaster that poses a threat to construction safety and the stability of the tunnel structure. Since the current understanding of the mechanism of rockburst is not completely clear, there are still great limitations in the prevention and control of rockburst disasters on site. Traditional rockburst prevention and control methods mainly include grouting reinforcement, blasting unloading, etc., and even in order to suppress rockburst, special anti-rockburst anchors are used to reinforce the rock layer, but these methods are limited in effect and very passive in some cases. Rockburst is a process that is difficult to determine and very rapid. At present, these methods are extremely time-consuming and costly, making rockburst control costly and inefficient. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a device and method that can automatically prevent and control rockbursts during the process of tunnel stress redistribution to improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control, which has a relatively simple structure and can effectively relieve pressure in high-risk areas of tunnel rock burst, reduce or even prevent the occurrence of rock burst, and a construction method for the high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control.

[0004] The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: a high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rockburst prevention and control, the high-pressure expansion device includes a shell structure, a control component and an expansion reaction generator, the control component and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator starts the reaction to produce high-pressure gas under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated by tunnel excavation obtained by the control component, and the tunnel rock mass is ruptured by the high-pressure gas according to the set blasting pressure to release stress and control rockburst.

[0005] Furthermore, the high-pressure expansion device also includes an anchor hole and a sealing material drilled in the corresponding rock mass of the tunnel. The control component and the expansion reaction generator are coupled to the tunnel rock mass at the bottom of the anchor hole through a shell structure with the cooperation of the sealing material.

[0006] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the plugging material is a solidifiable cement mortar or a solidifiable gel material, and at least two pre-cut slits are provided on the tunnel rock mass at the bottom of the anchor hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the shell structure includes a supporting shaped outer shell and a closed containing inner shell. The supporting shaped outer shell is made of a corrosion-resistant material having a strength corresponding to the strength of the rock mass. An exhaust hole is provided on the supporting shaped outer shell. The closed containing inner shell is made of a flexible and easily cracked corrosion-resistant material. The control component and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the closed containing inner shell. The closed containing inner shell is sleeved in the supporting shaped outer shell. The inner wall of the supporting shaped outer shell is bonded to the outer wall of the closed containing inner shell.

[0008] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the expansion reaction generator includes an expansion agent, a reactant and a packaging isolation component, a connecting port is provided on the packaging isolation component, the expansion agent and the reactant classified and arranged in a closed containing inner shell are separated by the packaging isolation component, and the connecting port is opened and connected under the control of the control component according to the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated during tunnel excavation obtained by it.

[0009] Furthermore, the expansion agent is a water-soluble reaction formula powder or a water-soluble reaction formula particle, the reactant is water, and the amount of the expansion agent is controlled according to the pressure of the generated gas, and the derivation formula is:

[0010] ,

[0011] Where P is the gas pressure in Pa; n is the number of moles of gas in mol; R is the ideal gas constant, which is 8.314 J / (mol·K); T is the absolute temperature in K; and V is the gas volume in m³.

[0012] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the control component includes a solenoid valve and a piezoelectric sensor, the encapsulation and isolation component includes a reaction partition and a sealing partition, the connecting port is arranged on the reaction partition, the expansion agent and the reactant are separated by the reaction partition, the solenoid valve is arranged on the connecting port, the piezoelectric sensor arranged in the closed containing inner shell is separated from the expansion agent and / or the reactant by the sealing partition, and the solenoid valve is opened under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated during tunnel excavation obtained by the piezoelectric sensor.

[0013] Furthermore, the preset starting pressure value of the piezoelectric sensor is 0.8 times the rock burst stress value, and the expansion agent is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder or aluminum particles and iron oxide particles.

[0014] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the outer diameter of the shell structure is adapted to the hole diameter of the anchor hole, and the length of the shell structure is between 20 and 30 cm; the depth of the anchor hole in which the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are arranged through the shell structure is not less than 1.5 times the length of the anchor, and at least anchor holes for arranging the shell structure are provided on the vault and shoulder of the tunnel; the depth of the anchor hole of the shell structure filled with the plugging material is adapted to the length of the anchor to be installed.

[0015] The construction method of the high-pressure expansion device used for rock burst prevention and control in the tunnel comprises the following steps: firstly manufacturing the high-pressure expansion device in the factory, then excavating the tunnel section by section, drilling anchor holes section by section, arranging the high-pressure expansion device and installing anchors, and then entering the next tunnel section for construction in sequence until the entire tunnel excavation and the high-pressure expansion device arrangement are completed.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the technical solution provided by the present application is to set up a high-pressure expansion device including a shell structure, a control component and an expansion reaction generator, and arrange the control component and the expansion reaction generator in the shell structure, and then the expansion reaction generator is started to react and produce high-pressure gas under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated by the tunnel excavation obtained by the control component, and the tunnel rock mass is broken by the high-pressure gas according to the set blasting pressure to release stress and control rock burst, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art that the structure and method for passively controlling rock burst are time-consuming, costly, and have very limited effects in some cases. The high-pressure expansion device of the present application starts the reaction through the expansion reaction generator under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass obtained by the control component during tunnel excavation to produce high-pressure gas to rupture the tunnel rock mass and release stress to control rock burst. It can not only effectively relieve the pressure in the high-risk area of ​​tunnel rock burst, reduce or even prevent the occurrence of rock burst, but also because the high-pressure expansion device of the present application is arranged in the tunnel rock mass, its structure only includes the shell structure, the control component and the expansion reaction generator, so it becomes relatively simple in structure, and there is no need to predict in advance where rock burst will occur. Moreover, it is achieved by arranging it at the bottom of the anchor hole, and no separate drilling arrangement hole is required. It is only necessary to drill the anchor hole where the high-pressure expansion device is required to be arranged deeper when drilling the anchor hole. Then, according to the tunnel rock mass deformation information obtained by the control component, the expansion reaction generator can be started to react to produce high-pressure gas to rupture the tunnel rock mass and release stress to control rock burst after reaching the specified value, thereby improving the safety of tunnel construction and reducing the cost of tunnel construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a working principle diagram of the high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in a tunnel according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention starting to rupture the tunnel rock mass.

[0022] Marked in the figure are: tunnel rock mass 1, anchor hole 2, plugging material 3, supporting and shaping outer shell 4, closed and containing inner shell 5, exhaust hole 6, expansion agent 7, reactant 8, solenoid valve 9, piezoelectric sensor 10, reaction partition 11, sealing partition 12, tunnel 13, anchor 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Terminology explanation:

[0024] High-pressure expansion device: a device that includes a sensor, an expansion agent, a reactant, etc. When the sensor senses that the external pressure has reached a certain level, the expansion agent and the reactant will react to produce a large amount of gas. The gas pressure will increase rapidly in a short period of time, causing the surrounding rock to rupture, achieving the effect of relieving the surrounding rock pressure, thereby preventing rock bursts.

[0025] like Figure 1 to Figure 5The present invention shows a relatively simple structure, which can effectively relieve pressure in high-risk areas of rock burst in tunnels, reduce or even prevent rock bursts, and a high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in tunnels, as well as a construction method for the high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in tunnels. The high-pressure expansion device includes a shell structure, a control component and an expansion reaction generator, and the control component and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the shell structure. The expansion reaction generator starts the reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated by the tunnel excavation obtained by the control component, and the high-pressure gas is used to break the tunnel rock mass 1 according to the set blasting pressure to release stress and control rock burst. The technical solution provided by the present application is to set up a high-pressure expansion device including a shell structure, a control component and an expansion reaction generator, and arrange the control component and the expansion reaction generator in the shell structure, and then start the reaction of the expansion reaction generator to produce high-pressure gas under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass obtained by the control component during tunnel excavation, and the high-pressure gas is used to break the tunnel rock mass according to regulations to release stress and control rock burst, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art that the structure and method of passively controlling rock burst are time-consuming, costly, and have very limited effects in some cases. The high-pressure expansion device of the present application starts the reaction through the expansion reaction generator under the control of the tunnel rock deformation information obtained by the control component to generate high-pressure gas to rupture the tunnel rock to release stress to control rock burst. It can not only effectively relieve the pressure in the high-risk area of ​​tunnel rock burst, reduce or even prevent the occurrence of rock burst, but also because the high-pressure expansion device of the present application is arranged in the tunnel rock, its structure only includes the shell structure, the control component and the expansion reaction generator, so it becomes relatively simple in structure, and there is no need to predict in advance where rock burst will occur. It is achieved by arranging it at the bottom of the anchor hole, and no separate drilling arrangement hole is required. It is only necessary to drill the anchor hole where the high-pressure expansion device is required to be arranged deeper when drilling the anchor hole. Then, according to the tunnel rock deformation information obtained by the control component, the expansion reaction generator can be started to react to generate high-pressure gas to rupture the tunnel rock to release stress to control rock burst after reaching the specified value, thereby improving the safety of tunnel construction and reducing the cost of tunnel construction.

[0026] In combination with the actual situation of engineering construction, in order to improve the sensitivity of the pressure sensor, the high-pressure expansion device described in the present application also includes an anchor hole 2 and a plugging material 3 drilled in the corresponding rock mass of the tunnel, and the control component and the expansion reaction generator are coupled with the tunnel rock mass 1 at the bottom of the anchor hole through the shell structure in cooperation with the plugging material 3. At this time, the plugging material is a solidifiable cement mortar or a solidifiable gel material, and at least two pre-cut slits are also provided on the tunnel rock mass 1 at the bottom of the anchor hole. As described above, in order to facilitate the arrangement and improve the sensitivity of the induction, the outer diameter of the shell structure of the present application is adapted to the aperture of the anchor hole 2, and the length of the shell structure is between 20 and 30 cm or is determined according to the local rock strength and the type of specific expansion agent selected; the depth of the anchor hole 2 in which the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are arranged through the shell structure is not less than 1.5 times the length of the anchor, and at least the anchor hole 2 for arranging the shell structure is provided on the vault and shoulder of the tunnel 13; the depth of the anchor hole 2 in which the shell structure is filled with the sealing material 3 is adapted to the length of the anchor 14 to be installed.

[0027] Correspondingly, combined with the prior art, the shell structure of the present application includes a supporting shaped outer shell 4 and a closed accommodating inner shell 5, the supporting shaped outer shell is made of a corrosion-resistant material with strength adapted to the strength of the rock mass, an exhaust hole 6 is provided on the supporting shaped outer shell 4, the closed accommodating inner shell 5 is made of a flexible and easily cracked corrosion-resistant material, the control component and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the closed accommodating inner shell 5, the closed accommodating inner shell 5 is sleeved in the supporting shaped outer shell 4, and the inner wall of the supporting shaped outer shell 4 is bonded and connected to the outer wall of the closed accommodating inner shell 5. The expansion reaction generator of the present application includes an expansion agent 7, a reactant 8 and an encapsulation isolation component, a communication port is provided on the encapsulation isolation component, the expansion agent 7 and the reactant 8 arranged in the closed accommodating inner shell 5 are separated by the encapsulation isolation component, and the communication port is opened and connected under the control of the control component according to the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass 1 obtained by it. The control component of the present application includes a solenoid valve 9 and a piezoelectric sensor 10, and the encapsulated isolation component includes a reaction partition 11 and a sealing partition 12. The connecting port is arranged on the reaction partition 11, and the expansion agent 7 and the reactant 8 are separated by the reaction partition 11. The solenoid valve 9 is arranged on the connecting port, and the piezoelectric sensor 10 arranged in the closed containing inner shell 5 is separated from the expansion agent 7 and / or the reactant 8 by the sealing partition 12. The solenoid valve 9 is opened under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass 1 obtained by the piezoelectric sensor 10.

[0028] More specifically, the expansion agent 7 of the present application is a water-soluble reaction powder or a water-soluble reaction granule, the reactant 8 is water, and the amount of the expansion agent 7 is controlled according to the pressure of the generated gas, and the derivation formula is:

[0029] ,

[0030] Wherein, P is the gas pressure, in Pa; n is the number of gas moles, in mol; R is the ideal gas constant, which is 8.314 J / (mol·K); T is the absolute temperature, in K; V is the gas volume, in m³. The preset starting pressure value of the piezoelectric sensor 10 of the present application is 0.8 times the rock burst stress value. Preferably, the expansion agent 7 is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder or aluminum particles and iron oxide particles.

[0031] In this way, the high-pressure expansion device of the present application can be arranged in the anchor hole according to the following steps: first, the high-pressure expansion device is manufactured in the factory, and then the tunnel is excavated section by section, the anchor holes are drilled section by section, the high-pressure expansion device is arranged, and the anchors are installed. After completion, the construction of the next tunnel section is carried out in sequence until the entire tunnel excavation and the high-pressure expansion device are completed.

[0032] In summary, the technical solution provided by this application also has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. Compact device design: The compact embedded device combined with the expansion agent is easy to install and transport.

[0034] 2. Simple operation: Compared with the traditional rock burst prevention and control method, the device of the present invention is simple to construct and easy to operate.

[0035] 3. Low cost: The device of the present application is low in cost and is suitable for rock burst prevention and control in large-scale tunnel construction, which can greatly reduce the overall cost of the project.

[0036] 4. Precise control: Precise stress control and pressure relief are achieved through pressure sensors and trigger mechanisms.

[0037] 5. Rockburst warning: Many tunnel projects will place sensors on the anchor rods to monitor the rockburst process. If the device in the present invention works, the surrounding rock will be broken and disturbance stress will be generated. Because it is close to the anchor rod, it is easy to be sensed by the sensor, thereby issuing a warning signal.

[0038] The device of the present application can be used for surrounding rock prevention and control of tunnels or underground chambers in high ground stress areas, effectively improving the safety of the construction process.

[0039] The technical solution of the present application is further described below through specific embodiments:

[0040] The main contents of the technical solution of this application are as follows:

[0041] The first is the high-pressure expansion device: the device consists of an outer shell, an inner shell, an expansion agent reservoir, a reaction chamber, a sensor, a solenoid valve and a plugging material. The outer shell is designed to protect the internal components and prevent the external environment from affecting the device; the inner shell is a component that wraps the internal materials and can break under specific stress conditions; the expansion agent or high-pressure gas reservoir is used to store expansion agents or high-pressure gases; the reaction chamber is used to store reaction media; the sensor is used to sense the stress of the surrounding rock; the solenoid valve is used to trigger the release of the expansion agent when the stress reaches a predetermined value and react with the reaction medium; the plugging material is used to plug the anchor hole.

[0042] The method for rock burst prevention and control using the high-pressure expansion device of the present application is that during the normal application of anchor bolts in the tunnel, when drilling, the drilling depth is made greater than the length of the anchor bolt, and then the high-pressure expansion device is placed at the deepest part of the anchor bolt hole, and then the anchor bolt hole is sealed with a plugging material, and the anchor bolt is applied normally after the plugging material solidifies, and the construction is completed. During the normal forward construction of the tunnel, with the redistribution of surrounding rock stress, the sensor opens the solenoid valve after sensing that the stress reaches a predetermined condition, so that the expansion agent reacts with the reaction medium to produce a large amount of high-pressure gas, resulting in surrounding rock rupture and pressure relief.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] The specific implementation steps of this application are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which can be divided into 4 parts in total.

[0045] 1. Preparation of high-pressure expansion device. According to the stress conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock and the risk of rock burst, design and manufacture high-pressure expansion agent device, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown. The device is cylindrical as a whole, with a diameter of about 5cm (depending on the size of the anchor hole) and a length of about 20-30cm to ensure that the device is small and easy to install. The specific structure of the device of the present application includes an outer shell, an inner shell, an expander container, a reaction chamber, a pressure sensor, and a solenoid valve. The outer shell is made of a material with a certain strength and corrosion resistance, preferably roughly the same as the strength of the surrounding rock, and can remain stable under external stress conditions. Some circular holes are evenly distributed on the outer shell as a flow channel for high-pressure gas. The inner shell can be made of low-strength brittle materials, such as plastic, which can break after the internal gas pressure reaches a certain level to ensure that the high-pressure gas overflows. It mainly wraps all the internal device components, and the inner and outer shells can be connected by colloids to ensure that the two are in close contact. The expander container contains an expander, usually in powder or granular form, sealed in a small container. The reaction chamber is an area where water or other reaction media (usually liquid) are stored. It should be noted that the gas pressure generated by the expander and the reaction medium depends on many factors, including the type of expander, dosage, ambient temperature and humidity. Generally speaking, common expansion agents such as aluminum powder and iron oxide generate hydrogen, which can produce a pressure of tens to hundreds of megapascals (MPa), which is enough to cause most surrounding rocks to crack. The specific amount should be determined according to actual conditions. In engineering, the following formula can be used as a reference to deduce the amount of expansion agent or reactant, and then control the gas pressure. ,

[0046] Where: P is the gas pressure (Pa), n is the number of moles of gas (mol), R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J / (mol·K)), T is the absolute temperature (K), and V is the gas volume (m³).

[0047] The pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure. When the pressure reaches the preset value, the expansion agent reaction is triggered. The preset value can be 80% of the surrounding rock strength. To ensure that the sensor can continue to work for a long time, a piezoelectric sensor is used. The solenoid valve is a trigger device, located in the flow channel between the expansion agent container and the reaction chamber, and controls the connection of the containers on both sides. The sealing device is used to isolate the internal and external spaces of the device.

[0048] When the surrounding rock stress reaches a certain level, the pressure sensor detects this change, sends a predetermined signal, controls the solenoid valve to open the valve, triggers the expansion agent to react with the reaction medium and produces a large amount of gas, causing the internal pressure of the device to increase sharply, resulting in the rupture of the inner shell. Then the high-pressure gas overflows along the outer shell flow channel, causing the surrounding pressure to increase. When the gas pressure increases to a certain level, the surrounding rock will partially rupture, thereby achieving the purpose of pressure relief, thereby preventing rock bursts or reducing the level of rock bursts.

[0049] 2. Drilling construction. Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, during the tunnel excavation process, anchor holes are drilled according to normal design requirements, and no additional drilling is required, but the drilling depth must be deeper. To ensure that the anchor can function normally, the drilling depth should be at least 1.5 times the length of the anchor. It should be noted that this deep drilling is for the installation of high-pressure expansion devices. Therefore, in order to reduce construction procedures and costs, it is not necessary to drill deep holes in the entire section of the tunnel. It is only necessary to install high-pressure expansion devices in local locations with high risk of rock bursts, such as the vault and spandrel areas. In addition, if the directional expansion of cracks is considered, two pre-cutting fronts can be prefabricated at the bottom of the hole when drilling, and the directional hydraulic fracturing method can be referred to to control the expansion of cracks in the set direction.

[0050] 3. Installation and plugging of high pressure expansion device. Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the high-pressure expansion device is placed at the deepest position of the anchor hole, and then the anchor hole is sealed with a plugging material to ensure that the expansion device does not slide beyond the predetermined position. It should be noted that the sealing distance is up to the originally set anchor length position to ensure that the anchor functions normally. In addition, in order to ensure that the device is in close contact with the surrounding rock and accurately sense the size of the surrounding rock stress, the sealing material should be a fluid such as cement mortar, which can completely wrap the high-pressure expansion device and have a certain strength after solidification (the ratio is determined according to the surrounding rock strength to ensure that the two are close), and can transmit the surrounding rock stress to the sensor, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0051] 4. Tunnel construction. After the high pressure expansion device is installed, the tunnel will proceed with the normal construction process and the anchor rods required by the installation design will be installed.

[0052] In summary, the innovative points of this application are:

[0053] 1. The present application provides a device and method for surrounding rock fracture and pressure relief during tunnel excavation, which can automatically perform rock burst prevention and control under predetermined stress conditions, effectively preventing the occurrence of rock burst or reducing the rock burst level.

[0054] 2. This application provides a structural diagram of a high-pressure expansion device, each component is independent and has a low cost.

[0055] 3. The device of the present application has a simple structure and is easy to install. It can actively deal with rock burst risks during tunnel construction and improve construction safety and efficiency.

[0056] 4. The device of this application has a long validity period, and the piezoelectric sensor can generate electricity for a long time under pressure, without the need to configure an independent pressurizing device and an external circuit;

[0057] 5. The device of the present application has good overall self-stability. Even if no rupture occurs in the later stage, the device can be connected with the surrounding rock as a whole without affecting the overall stability of the surrounding rock.

[0058] 6. The technical solution of this application is highly applicable and can flexibly adjust the warning pressure, amount of expansion agent, etc. according to the working conditions of each tunnel, geological conditions, etc., and can be widely used in various projects.

Claims

1. A high-pressure expansion device for rock burst prevention and control in tunnels, characterized by: The high-pressure expansion device comprises a shell structure, a control component and an expansion reaction generator, wherein the control component and the expansion reaction generator are arranged in the shell structure. The expansion reaction generator starts a reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass generated by tunnel excavation obtained by the control component. The tunnel rock mass (1) is ruptured by the high-pressure gas according to the set blasting pressure to release stress and control rock burst. The high-pressure expansion device also includes an anchor hole (2) and a plugging material (3) drilled in the corresponding rock mass of the tunnel. The control component and the expansion reaction generator are coupled to the tunnel rock mass (1) at the bottom of the anchor hole through a shell structure in cooperation with the plugging material (3). The shell structure comprises a supporting shaped outer shell (4) and a closed accommodating inner shell (5), wherein the supporting shaped outer shell is made of a corrosion-resistant material having a strength corresponding to that of the rock mass, an exhaust hole (6) is arranged on the supporting shaped outer shell (4), the closed accommodating inner shell (5) is made of a flexible and easily crackable corrosion-resistant material, the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are arranged in the closed accommodating inner shell (5), the closed accommodating inner shell (5) is sleeved in the supporting shaped outer shell (4), the inner wall of the supporting shaped outer shell (4) is bonded to the outer wall of the closed accommodating inner shell (5), The expansion reaction generator comprises an expansion agent (7), a reaction agent (8) and a packaging isolation component. A communication port is provided on the packaging isolation component. The expansion agent (7) and the reaction agent (8) arranged in a closed containing inner shell (5) are separated by the packaging isolation component. The communication port is opened and connected under the control of the control component according to the deformation information of the tunnel rock mass (1) generated by the tunnel excavation.

2. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plugging material is a solidifiable cement mortar or a solidifiable gel material, and at least two pre-cut slits are arranged on the tunnel rock mass (1) at the bottom of the anchor hole.

3. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The expansion agent (7) is a water-soluble reaction formula powder or water-soluble reaction formula granules, the reactant (8) is water, and the amount of the expansion agent (7) is controlled according to the pressure of the generated gas. The derivation formula is: Where P is the gas pressure in Pa; n is the number of moles of gas in mol; R is the ideal gas constant, which is 8.314 J / (mol·K); T is the absolute temperature in K; V is the gas volume in m 3 .

4. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The control component comprises an electromagnetic valve (9) and a piezoelectric sensor (10); the encapsulation isolation component comprises a reaction partition (11) and a sealing partition (12); the communication port is arranged on the reaction partition (11); the expansion agent (7) and the reaction agent (8) are separated by the reaction partition (11); the electromagnetic valve (9) is arranged on the communication port; the piezoelectric sensor (10) arranged in the closed accommodating inner shell (5) is separated from the expansion agent (7) and / or the reaction agent (8) by the sealing partition (12); the electromagnetic valve (9) is opened under the control of deformation information of the tunnel rock mass (1) generated by tunnel excavation obtained by the piezoelectric sensor (10).

5. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The preset starting pressure value of the piezoelectric sensor (10) is 0.8 times the rock burst stress value, and the expansion agent (7) is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder or aluminum particles and iron oxide particles.

6. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer diameter of the shell structure is adapted to the hole diameter of the anchor hole (2), and the length of the shell structure is between 20 and 30 cm; the depth of the anchor hole (2) in which the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are arranged through the shell structure is not less than 1.5 times the length of the anchor, and the anchor hole (2) in which the shell structure is arranged is provided at least on the vault and the spandrel of the tunnel (13); the depth of the anchor hole (2) in which the shell structure is filled with the plugging material (3) is adapted to the length of the anchor (14) to be installed.

7. A construction method for the high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The construction method first manufactures the high-pressure expansion device in the factory, then excavates the tunnel section by section, drills anchor holes section by section, arranges the high-pressure expansion device and installs anchors, and then proceeds to the next tunnel section in sequence until the entire tunnel excavation and high-pressure expansion device arrangement construction work are completed.

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