Carnot battery driven by waste heat of liquid cooling data center

Abstract

A liquid cooling data center waste heat driven Carnot battery comprises a data center liquid cooling loop, a heat pump circulation loop, a heat storage unit, a power circulation loop and a cooling water loop. The data center liquid cooling loop exchanges heat with the server through the liquid cooling technology to absorb waste heat of the data center, and cooling and heat transfer of the data center are achieved. In the charging process, the system utilizes off-peak electricity or renewable energy electricity to drive a heat pump circulation loop, the temperature of waste heat is increased, and the waste heat is stored in a high-temperature water tank; in the peak period of electricity utilization, the power circulation loop converts high-temperature heat energy stored in the high-temperature water tank and heat energy of cooling liquid in liquid cooling circulation of the data center into electric energy through the high-temperature heater and the low-temperature heater, and therefore energy is supplied to the data center. According to the system, the waste heat of the liquid cooling data center is utilized in the charging and discharging process, so that the recovery efficiency of the waste heat of the data center is improved, and the back-and-forth efficiency of the Carnot battery is also improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of thermal power technology, and in particular relates to a Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center. Background Art

[0002] As data centers develop towards high power density, air cooling is increasingly unable to meet the needs of heat dissipation and energy saving, so data center cooling technology is gradually shifting towards liquid cooling technology. In addition, high-power density data centers release a large amount of low-grade waste heat during the cooling process. The traditional method is to directly discharge the waste heat generated by the data center into the environment, resulting in a huge waste of energy. From another perspective, data centers run continuously 24 hours a day, and the heat generated is large and stable, so the waste heat can be recycled, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the data center and alleviating the pressure of carbon emission reduction on the data center.

[0003] In the existing disclosed technical solutions, the waste heat of the data center is usually used in combination with the heat network. For example, patent CN205299850U discloses a waste heat recovery system for a data center, which not only provides cooling for the data center but also provides domestic hot water, heating heat, etc. to users of buildings around the data center. Another patent, CN109579107A, further improves this solution by using two heat pumps to increase the water supply temperature of the heat network. In addition, patent CN114034133A couples the waste heat of the liquid-cooled data center with the power grid, and uses a heat pump energy storage system to convert the waste heat into electricity and power the data center, thereby achieving peak shaving and valley filling of the power grid.

[0004] In the existing technical solutions, the coupling of data centers and heat networks is only applicable to factory areas or urban areas with heating needs around data centers. This coupling method cannot be effectively applied to areas located in remote suburbs, mountainous areas and areas without heat networks. In addition, due to seasonal restrictions, the heating demand is intermittent, and the utilization rate of heating waste heat is relatively low throughout the year. The heating potential of data center waste heat is also affected by geographical location and is not suitable for areas with warm or hot climates. The heat pump energy storage system proposed by patent CN114034133A effectively solves the problem of low waste heat utilization rate in data centers throughout the year, and is not limited by the location of the data center. However, the system uses a water-cooled chiller to transfer low-grade waste heat in the computer room to the heat pump evaporator for heat exchange with the heat pump working fluid. This method requires the coolant to exchange heat with the server, and then conduct a secondary heat exchange with the water-cooled chiller to transfer the heat to the heat pump working fluid, resulting in a low temperature of the available liquid-cooled data center waste heat. In addition, the system only uses the waste heat of the data center during the energy storage process, and does not use the waste heat during the energy release process, resulting in a low round-trip efficiency of the system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a Carnot battery driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center. In the liquid cooling circuit of the data center, the coolant directly exchanges heat with the heat pump evaporator, avoiding a secondary heat exchange process. In addition, the system utilizes waste heat from the liquid-cooled data center during both the charging and discharging processes. Through this dual utilization strategy, the waste heat resources are maximized, significantly improving the overall performance and energy efficiency of the system.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A Carnot battery driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center comprises a data center liquid cooling loop, a heat pump circulation loop, a heat storage unit, a power circulation loop and a cooling water loop; wherein the coolant in the data center liquid cooling loop performs heat exchange with a heat pump working fluid in the heat pump circulation loop in an evaporator, and the coolant in the data center liquid cooling loop performs heat exchange with a power circulation working fluid in the power circulation loop in a low-temperature heater; and the cooling water loop is used to absorb heat released by the power circulation working fluid.

[0007] Preferably, the data center liquid cooling loop includes a data center, a coolant pump, a heat exchanger, and a fan; the coolant in the data center is pumped to the heat exchanger, evaporator, and low-temperature heater through pipes and a coolant pump, and the heat exchanger, evaporator, and low-temperature heater are connected to the data center through pipes.

[0008] Preferably, the heat exchanger dissipates heat by a fan.

[0009] Preferably, the heat pump circulation loop includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve; the heat pump working fluid of the evaporator enters the compressor for compression to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, and the compressed working fluid then flows into the condenser to release heat, and the working fluid is then reduced in pressure through the throttle valve to complete the charging cycle.

[0010] Preferably, the power circulation loop includes a high-temperature heater, an expander, a condenser, a working fluid pump and a low-temperature heater; the high-temperature heater, the expander, the condenser, the working fluid pump and the low-temperature heater are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop.

[0011] Preferably, the heat storage unit includes a low-temperature water pump, a low-temperature water tank, a high-temperature water pump and a high-temperature water tank; the pressurized water in the low-temperature water tank is transported to the condenser by the low-temperature water pump, the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank for storage, and the pressurized water in the high-temperature water tank is transported to the high-temperature heater by the high-temperature water pump.

[0012] Preferably, the cooling water circuit comprises a cooling water pump and a cooling tower, and the cooling water pump and the cooling tower are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed circuit.

[0013] A method for operating a Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center comprises the following steps: The coolant first flows through the data center to absorb the heat generated by the server; after passing through the outlet, the coolant is divided into three paths, and the flow direction of each branch is controlled by a valve; one path flows through the heat exchanger for heat dissipation, in which the fan introduces a natural cold source through blowing to reduce the temperature of the coolant flowing through the heat exchanger; one path enters the evaporator to exchange heat with the working fluid in the charging process to provide heat for the charging process; one path enters the low-temperature heater to heat the working fluid in the discharge process; During the charging process, the heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat of the data center coolant in the evaporator and provides cooling for the data center. Then, the heated heat pump working fluid enters the compressor for compression to generate high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid. The compressed working fluid then flows into the condenser to release heat. Finally, the working fluid is depressurized by the throttle valve to complete the charging cycle. During the discharge process, the power cycle working fluid is driven by the working fluid pump and first flows into the low-temperature heater to absorb the heat of the coolant in the liquid-cooled data center; then, the working fluid enters the high-temperature heater to absorb the heat from the pressurized water in the high-temperature water tank, further increasing its temperature; the high-temperature working fluid then enters the expander to expand and do work, releasing energy; finally, the expanded working fluid enters the condenser for cooling, completing the discharge cycle; During the charging process, the pressurized water stored in the low-temperature water tank is transported to the condenser by the low-temperature water pump, where it absorbs the heat released by the heat pump working fluid; then, the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank for storage; during the discharging process, the pressurized water stored in the high-temperature water tank is transported to the high-temperature heater by the high-temperature water pump, where the stored heat is transferred to the power cycle working fluid; after heat exchange, the pressurized water with reduced temperature is transported back to the low-temperature water tank for storage for the next cycle; The cooling water first enters the condenser to absorb the heat released by the power cycle working fluid, and then the cooling water is transported to the cooling tower through the cooling water pump, where the heat is discharged into the environment to complete the heat dissipation process.

[0014] Preferably, the Carnot battery also includes a first regenerator and a second regenerator. The heat absorbed by the evaporator from the liquid-cooled circulating coolant in the data center flows into the first regenerator for preheating; the working fluid in the first regenerator exchanges heat with the working fluid from the condenser outlet to further increase its temperature; the power circulation working fluid of the working fluid pump drives the working fluid to flow into the second regenerator to absorb the heat from the working fluid at the expander outlet.

[0015] A method for operating a Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center, comprising the following steps: After absorbing the heat of the server, the coolant is divided into three paths at the outlet. One path flows into the heat exchanger through the first valve for cooling, and the heat of the coolant is discharged by driving the fan; one path enters the evaporator through the third valve, and the heat of the coolant is transferred to the heat pump working fluid during the charging process; one path enters the low-temperature heater through the second valve, and the heat of the coolant is transferred to the power cycle working fluid during the discharge process; During the charging process, the heat pump working fluid first absorbs heat from the liquid cooling circulating coolant in the data center in the evaporator, and then flows into the first regenerator for preheating; in the first regenerator, the working fluid exchanges heat with the working fluid from the condenser outlet to further increase its temperature; the preheated working fluid flows into the compressor for heating and pressurization; the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is cooled through the condenser, and then enters the first regenerator to further reduce the temperature; finally, the working fluid flows into the throttle valve for pressure reduction; the first regenerator is located before the compressor and after the condenser. Its main function is to use the heat of the high-temperature working fluid at the condenser outlet to preheat the working fluid at the compressor inlet, thereby reducing the power consumption of the compressor and improving the overall efficiency of the system; During the discharge process, the working fluid of the power cycle is first driven by the working fluid pump to flow into the second regenerator to absorb the heat from the working fluid at the outlet of the expander; after preliminary preheating, the working fluid enters the low-temperature heater to absorb the heat of the liquid-cooled circulating coolant in the data center; then, the working fluid enters the high-temperature heater to further absorb the heat stored in the high-temperature water tank; the heated working fluid enters the expander to expand and do work, and then flows into the second regenerator to exchange heat with the working fluid from the outlet of the working fluid pump to reduce its temperature; finally, the working fluid enters the condenser to discharge the remaining heat into the cooling water; the second regenerator is located before the working fluid pump and after the expander. Its main function is to use the heat of the high-temperature working fluid at the outlet of the expander to preheat the working fluid at the outlet of the working fluid pump. The addition of the regenerator not only reduces the external heating demand, but also reduces the cooling burden of the condenser, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the power cycle; During the charging process, the pressurized water in the low-temperature water tank is transported to the condenser by the low-temperature water pump, where it absorbs the heat released by the heat pump working fluid; the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank for storage; during the discharging process, the pressurized water stored in the high-temperature water tank is transported to the high-temperature heater by the high-temperature water pump, where the stored heat is transferred to the power cycle working fluid; after heat exchange, the pressurized water with reduced temperature is transported back to the low-temperature water tank for storage for the next cycle; The cooling water first enters the condenser to absorb the heat released by the power cycle working fluid, and is then transported to the cooling tower via a cooling water pump, where the heat is discharged into the environment to complete the heat dissipation process.

[0016] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. This system effectively inputs the waste heat of the liquid-cooled data center into the Carnot battery system, greatly improving the utilization efficiency of the waste heat of the data center. In addition, by recycling the waste heat of the liquid-cooled data center instead of directly discharging it into the atmosphere, it helps to alleviate the urban heat island effect, reflecting the environmental benefits of the system.

[0017] 2. During the off-peak period, the Kanot battery consumes off-peak electricity to increase the temperature of the waste heat of the liquid-cooled data center and stores it in a high-temperature water tank; during the peak period, the system converts the heat energy stored in the high-temperature water tank and the waste heat of the liquid-cooled data center into electrical energy through an expander to supply energy to the data center. Therefore, configuring Kanot batteries outside the data center can reduce the operating costs of the data center during peak periods of electricity consumption. In addition, Kanot batteries can also be used as a backup power source for the data center to ensure the uninterrupted and safe operation of the data center.

[0018] 3. Carnot batteries can solve the problem of output volatility of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy, promote the application of renewable energy in data centers, reduce the dependence of data centers on fossil fuels, and promote the development of green data centers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 The basic layout diagram of the Carnot battery system of the present invention in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of a Carnot battery system with a regenerator according to Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of a heat pump / basic power cycle Carnot battery system with a regenerator in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the layout of the basic heat pump / regenerator power cycle Carnot battery system of the present invention in Example 2.

[0020] In the figure: 1-data center, 2-coolant pump, 3-first valve, 4-heat exchanger, 5-second valve, 6-third valve, 7-fan, 8-evaporator, 9-compressor, 10-condenser, 11-throttle valve, 12-low temperature water pump, 13-high temperature water tank, 14-high temperature water pump, 15-high temperature heater, 16-low temperature water tank, 17-expander, 18-condenser, 19-working fluid pump, 20-low temperature heater, 21-cooling water pump, 22-cooling tower, first regenerator 23, second regenerator 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The preferred solution is Figures 1 to 4As shown, a Carnot battery driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center consists of a data center liquid cooling loop, a heat pump circulation loop, a heat storage unit, a power circulation loop, and a cooling water loop. In the data center liquid cooling loop, the coolant is a fluorinated liquid, and the temperature can reach 50-60°C after heat exchange with the server. At the same time, in order to ensure the continuous and safe operation of the data center around the clock, the system also introduces a natural cold source, and when the Carnot battery is not working, the heat of the data center is taken away by air cooling. In addition, in order to make full use of the waste heat of the liquid-cooled data center, the system is heated during the charging and discharging process, so that the temperature of the charging and discharging working fluid can rise to 45-55°C after the coolant exchanges heat with the charging and discharging working fluid. In theory, both organic working fluids and CO2 can be used as working fluids in the charging and discharging process. At the same time, the heat storage medium in the heat storage unit can be water or heat transfer oil. For hot water storage, when the heat storage temperature is >100°C, the storage tank needs to be pressurized to a certain extent.

[0022] Specifically, the following embodiments are included (each embodiment is not independent of each other and has technical connections): Embodiment 1: A Carnot battery driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center includes a data center liquid cooling loop, a heat pump circulation loop, a heat storage unit, a power circulation loop, and a cooling water loop, each of which is a circulation loop with a working medium flowing therein.

[0023] The data center liquid cooling circuit includes a data center 1, a coolant pump 2, a first valve 3, a heat exchanger 4, a second valve 5, a third valve 6 and a fan 7. The coolant first flows through the data center 1 to absorb the heat generated by the server. After passing through the liquid outlet, the coolant is divided into three paths, and the flow direction of each branch is controlled by a valve. One path flows through the heat exchanger 4 for heat dissipation, in which the fan 7 introduces a natural cold source through blowing to reduce the temperature of the coolant flowing through the heat exchanger 4; one path enters the evaporator 8 to exchange heat with the working fluid in the charging process to provide heat for the charging process; one path enters the low-temperature heater 20 to heat the working fluid in the discharge process.

[0024] The heat pump circulation loop includes an evaporator 8, a compressor 9, a condenser 10 and a throttle valve 11, which are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop. During the charging process, the heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat of the data center coolant in the evaporator 8 and provides cooling for the data center. Subsequently, the heated heat pump working fluid enters the compressor 9 for compression to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid. The compressed working fluid then flows into the condenser 10 to release heat, and finally, the working fluid is depressurized through the throttle valve 11 to complete the charging cycle.

[0025] The power cycle loop includes a high-temperature heater 15, an expander 17, a condenser 18, a working fluid pump 19 and a low-temperature heater 20, which are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop. During the discharge process, the power cycle working fluid is driven by the working fluid pump 19 and first flows into the low-temperature heater 20 to absorb the heat of the coolant in the liquid-cooled data center. Subsequently, the working fluid enters the high-temperature heater 14 and absorbs the heat from the pressurized water in the high-temperature water tank 13, further increasing its temperature. The high-temperature working fluid then enters the expander 17 to expand and do work, releasing energy. Finally, the expanded working fluid enters the condenser 18 for cooling, completing the discharge cycle.

[0026] The heat storage unit includes a low-temperature water pump 12, a low-temperature water tank 16, a high-temperature water pump 14 and a high-temperature water tank 13. During the charging process, the pressurized water stored in the low-temperature water tank 16 is transported by the low-temperature water pump 12 to the condenser 10, where it absorbs the heat released by the heat pump working fluid. Subsequently, the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank 13 for storage; during the discharging process, the pressurized water stored in the high-temperature water tank 13 is transported by the high-temperature water pump 14 to the high-temperature heater 15, where the stored heat is transferred to the power cycle working fluid. After heat exchange, the pressurized water with reduced temperature is transported back to the low-temperature water tank 16 for storage for the next cycle.

[0027] The cooling water circuit includes a cooling water pump 21 and a cooling tower 22, which are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop. The cooling water first enters the condenser 18 to absorb the heat released by the power cycle working fluid, and then the cooling water is transported to the cooling tower 22 via the cooling water pump 21, where the heat is discharged to the environment to complete the heat dissipation process.

[0028] Embodiment 2: In addition to the basic layout of the Carnot battery system in Example 1, in order to further improve the overall efficiency and performance of the system, a regenerator can be introduced to form a Carnot battery system layout with a regenerator. The Carnot battery with a regenerator reduces heat loss by adding a regenerator during the charging and discharging process, thereby achieving more efficient recovery and utilization of thermal energy. Figure 2 The layout of a Carnot battery system with a regenerator driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center is shown. The working principle of this layout is described in detail below.

[0029] A Carnot battery driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center includes a data center liquid cooling loop, a heat pump circulation loop, a heat storage unit, a power circulation loop, and a cooling water loop, each of which is a circulation loop with a working medium flowing therein.

[0030] The data center liquid cooling loop includes a data center 1, a coolant pump 2, a first valve 3, a heat exchanger 4, a second valve 5, a third valve 6 and a fan 7. The working process of the data center liquid cooling loop in the basic layout of the Kano battery system is the same. After absorbing the heat of the server, the coolant is divided into three paths at the outlet. One path flows into the heat exchanger 4 through the first valve 3 for cooling, and the heat of the coolant is discharged by driving the fan 7; one path enters the evaporator 8 through the third valve 6, and the heat of the coolant is transferred to the heat pump working fluid during the charging process; one path enters the low-temperature heater 20 through the second valve 5, and the heat of the coolant is transferred to the power cycle working fluid during the discharge process.

[0031] The heat pump circulation loop includes an evaporator 8, a first regenerator 23, a compressor 9, a condenser 10 and a throttle valve 11, which are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop. During the charging process, the heat pump working fluid first absorbs heat from the liquid cooling circulating coolant of the data center in the evaporator 8, and then flows into the first regenerator 23 for preheating. In the first regenerator 23, the working fluid exchanges heat with the working fluid from the outlet of the condenser 10 to further increase its temperature. The preheated working fluid flows into the compressor 9 for heating and pressurization. The high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is cooled by the condenser 10, and then enters the first regenerator 23 to further reduce the temperature. Finally, the working fluid flows into the throttle valve 11 for pressure reduction. The first regenerator 23 is located before the compressor 9 and after the condenser 10. Its main function is to use the heat of the high-temperature working fluid at the outlet of the condenser 10 to preheat the working fluid at the inlet of the compressor 9, thereby reducing the power consumption of the compressor 9 and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0032] The power cycle loop includes a high-temperature heater 15, an expander 17, a second regenerator 24, a condenser 18, a working fluid pump 19 and a low-temperature heater 20, which are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop. During the discharge process, the power cycle working fluid is first driven by the working fluid pump 19 to flow into the second regenerator 24, absorbing the heat from the working fluid at the outlet of the expander 17. After preliminary preheating, the working fluid enters the low-temperature heater 20 and absorbs the heat of the liquid-cooled circulating coolant in the data center. Subsequently, the working fluid enters the high-temperature heater 15 to further absorb the heat stored in the high-temperature water tank. The heated working fluid enters the expander 17 to expand and do work, and then flows into the second regenerator 24 to perform heat exchange with the working fluid from the outlet of the working fluid pump 19 to reduce its temperature. Finally, the working fluid enters the condenser 18 and discharges the remaining heat into the cooling water. The second regenerator 24 is located before the working fluid pump 19 and after the expander 17. Its main function is to use the heat of the high-temperature working fluid at the outlet of the expander 17 to preheat the working fluid at the outlet of the working fluid pump 19. The addition of the regenerator not only reduces the external heating demand, but also reduces the cooling burden of the condenser 18, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the power cycle.

[0033] The heat storage unit includes a low-temperature water pump 12, a low-temperature water tank 16, a high-temperature water pump 14 and a high-temperature water tank 13. During the charging process, the pressurized water in the low-temperature water tank 16 is transported to the condenser 10 by the low-temperature water pump 12, where it absorbs the heat released by the heat pump working fluid. The pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank 13 for storage; during the discharging process, the pressurized water stored in the high-temperature water tank 13 is transported to the high-temperature heater 15 by the high-temperature water pump 14, and the stored heat in the high-temperature heater 15 is transferred to the power cycle working fluid. After heat exchange, the pressurized water with reduced temperature is transported back to the low-temperature water tank 16 for storage for the next cycle.

[0034] The cooling water circuit includes a cooling water pump 21 and a cooling tower 22, which are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop. The cooling water first enters the condenser 18 to absorb the heat released by the power cycle working fluid, and then is transported to the cooling tower 22 via the cooling water pump 21, where the heat is discharged to the environment to complete the heat dissipation process.

[0035] In actual application scenarios, different cold and heat source conditions of the system will lead to different circulation states of the working fluid during the charging and discharging process, which can be specifically divided into three states: subcritical cycle, transcritical cycle and supercritical cycle. At the same time, even under the same cold and heat source conditions, due to the different thermodynamic properties of different organic working fluids, the working fluid selected for the cycle will theoretically affect its working state. In addition, in order to achieve the best performance of the system, the layout of the charge and discharge cycle can be adjusted according to different application requirements. This layout adjustment is reflected in whether a regenerator is configured in the charge and discharge cycle. The circulation layout with a regenerator effectively recovers the heat inside the system by adding a regenerator to the heat pump cycle or power cycle, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency and reducing the system energy consumption; the layout without a regenerator makes the system structure simpler and has a more outstanding economy. Figure 1-Figure 4 Schematic diagram of Carnot battery system under different system layouts is shown. Figure 1 A Carnot battery that is a combination of a basic heat pump cycle layout and a basic power cycle layout; Figure 2 A Carnot battery combining a heat pump cycle layout with a regenerator and a power cycle layout with a regenerator; Figure 3 A Carnot battery that combines a heat pump cycle layout with a regenerator with a basic power cycle layout; Figure 4 A Carnot cell that combines a basic heat pump cycle layout with a power cycle layout with a regenerator.

[0036] The present invention realizes efficient energy storage through the conversion between thermal energy and electrical energy. During the charging process, the valley electricity drives the heat pump cycle to transfer heat from the low-temperature heat source to the high-temperature heat storage medium, thereby storing the electrical energy in the form of thermal energy and providing cooling for the liquid-cooled data center; during the discharge process, the power cycle absorbs the waste heat of the data center and the stored high-temperature thermal energy in turn to convert it into electrical energy, thereby meeting the power demand of the data center during peak power. The present invention extracts the waste heat of the data center based on the Carnot battery, completes the reuse of the waste heat, and realizes the efficient storage and release of electricity. The heat pump and power cycle used by the Carnot battery can operate under different thermal states according to the selected working fluid. At the same time, the heat pump and power cycle can have a variety of combinations, and components such as heat regenerators can be introduced to improve system performance.

[0037] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Carnot battery driven by waste heat from a liquid-cooled data center, characterized in that: The invention comprises a data center liquid cooling loop, a heat pump circulation loop, a heat storage unit, a power circulation loop and a cooling water loop; wherein the cooling liquid in the data center liquid cooling loop performs heat exchange with the heat pump working fluid in the heat pump circulation loop in the evaporator (8), and the cooling liquid in the data center liquid cooling loop performs heat exchange with the power circulation working fluid in the power circulation loop in the low-temperature heater (20); and the cooling water loop is used to absorb the heat released by the power circulation working fluid.

2. According to claim 1, a Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center is characterized in that: The data center liquid cooling circuit includes a data center (1), a cooling liquid pump (2), a heat exchanger (4), and a fan (7); the cooling liquid of the data center (1) is pumped to the heat exchanger (4), the evaporator (8), and the low-temperature heater (20) through a pipeline and a cooling liquid pump (2); the heat exchanger (4), the evaporator (8), and the low-temperature heater (20) are connected to the data center (1) through a pipeline.

3. The Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (4) dissipates heat through a fan (7).

4. The Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump circulation loop comprises an evaporator (8), a compressor (9), a condenser (10) and a throttle valve (11); the heat pump working fluid of the evaporator (8) enters the compressor (9) for compression to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, the compressed working fluid then flows into the condenser (10) to release heat, and the working fluid then passes through the throttle valve (11) to reduce pressure, thereby completing the charging cycle.

5. The Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power circulation loop comprises a high-temperature heater (15), an expander (17), a condenser (18), a working fluid pump (19) and a low-temperature heater (20); the high-temperature heater (15), the expander (17), the condenser (18), the working fluid pump (19) and the low-temperature heater (20) are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a closed loop.

6. The Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat storage unit comprises a low-temperature water pump (12), a low-temperature water tank (16), a high-temperature water pump (14) and a high-temperature water tank (13); pressurized water in the low-temperature water tank (16) is transported to the condenser (10) by the low-temperature water pump (12), the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank (13) for storage, and the pressurized water in the high-temperature water tank (13) is transported to the high-temperature heater (15) by the high-temperature water pump (14).

7. The Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling water circuit comprises a cooling water pump (21) and a cooling tower (22), and the cooling water pump (21) and the cooling tower (22) are connected in sequence via pipelines to form a closed circuit.

8. The Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a first reheater (23) and a second reheater (24); the heat of the cooling fluid from the liquid cooling circulation of the data center absorbed in the evaporator (8) flows into the first reheater (23) for preheating; the working fluid in the first reheater (23) exchanges heat with the working fluid from the outlet of the condenser (10) to further increase its temperature; the power circulation working fluid of the working fluid pump (19) drives the working fluid to flow into the second reheater (24) for absorbing the heat of the working fluid at the outlet of the expander (17).

9. The method for operating a Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The following steps are involved: The coolant first flows through the data center (1) to absorb the heat generated by the server; after passing through the liquid outlet, the coolant is divided into three paths, and the flow direction of each branch is controlled by a valve; one path flows through the heat exchanger (4) to dissipate heat, wherein the fan (7) introduces a natural cold source by blowing air to reduce the temperature of the coolant flowing through the heat exchanger (4); one path enters the evaporator (8) to exchange heat with the working fluid during the charging process to provide heat for the charging process; and one path enters the low-temperature heater (20) to heat the working fluid during the discharge process; During the charging process, the heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat of the data center coolant in the evaporator (8) and provides cooling for the data center. Subsequently, the heated heat pump working fluid enters the compressor (9) for compression to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid. The compressed working fluid then flows into the condenser (10) to release heat. Finally, the working fluid is depressurized through the throttle valve (11) to complete the charging cycle. During the discharge process, the power cycle working fluid is driven by the working fluid pump (19) and first flows into the low-temperature heater (20) to absorb the heat of the coolant in the liquid-cooled data center; then, the working fluid enters the high-temperature heater 14 to absorb the heat from the pressurized water in the high-temperature water tank (13), thereby further increasing its temperature; the high-temperature working fluid then enters the expander (17) to expand and perform work, thereby releasing energy; finally, the expanded working fluid enters the condenser (18) to be cooled, thereby completing the discharge cycle; During the charging process, the pressurized water stored in the low-temperature water tank (16) is transported by the low-temperature water pump (12) to the condenser (10), where it absorbs heat released by the heat pump working fluid; subsequently, the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank (13) for storage; during the discharging process, the pressurized water stored in the high-temperature water tank (13) is transported by the high-temperature water pump (14) to the high-temperature heater (15), where the stored heat is transferred to the power cycle working fluid; after heat exchange, the pressurized water with reduced temperature is transported back to the low-temperature water tank (16) for storage, so as to be used in the next cycle; The cooling water first enters the condenser (18) to absorb the heat released by the power cycle working fluid, and then the cooling water is transported to the cooling tower (22) via the cooling water pump (21), where the heat is discharged to the environment to complete the heat dissipation process.

10. The method for operating a Carnot battery driven by waste heat of a liquid-cooled data center according to claim 8, characterized in that The following steps are involved: After absorbing the heat of the server, the coolant is divided into three paths at the outlet. One path flows into the heat exchanger (4) through the first valve (3) to be cooled, and the heat of the coolant is discharged by driving the fan (7); one path flows into the evaporator (8) through the third valve (6), and the heat of the coolant is transferred to the heat pump working fluid during the charging process; and one path flows into the low-temperature heater (20) through the second valve (5), and the heat of the coolant is transferred to the power cycle working fluid during the discharging process. During the charging process, the heat pump working fluid first absorbs heat from the liquid cooling circulating coolant of the data center in the evaporator (8), and then flows into the first reheater (23) for preheating; in the first reheater (23), the working fluid exchanges heat with the working fluid from the outlet of the condenser (10), so that its temperature is further increased; the preheated working fluid flows into the compressor (9) for temperature increase and pressurization; the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is cooled by the condenser (10), and then enters the first reheater (23) to further reduce the temperature; finally, the working fluid flows into the throttle valve (11) for pressure reduction; the first reheater (23) is located before the compressor (9) and after the condenser (10), and its main function is to use the heat of the high-temperature working fluid at the outlet of the condenser (10) to preheat the working fluid at the inlet of the compressor (9), thereby reducing the power consumption of the compressor (9) and improving the overall efficiency of the system; During the discharge process, the working fluid of the power cycle is first driven by the working fluid pump (19) to flow into the second regenerator (24) to absorb heat from the working fluid at the outlet of the expander (17); after preliminary preheating, the working fluid enters the low-temperature heater (20) to absorb heat from the liquid cooling circulating coolant of the data center; then, the working fluid enters the high-temperature heater (15) to further absorb heat stored in the high-temperature water tank; the heated working fluid enters the expander (17) to expand and perform work, and then flows into the second regenerator (24) to exchange heat with the working fluid from the outlet of the working fluid pump (19) to reduce its temperature; finally, the working fluid enters the condenser (18) to discharge the remaining heat into the cooling water; the second regenerator (24) is located before the working fluid pump (19) and after the expander (17), and its main function is to use the heat of the high-temperature working fluid at the outlet of the expander (17) to preheat the working fluid at the outlet of the working fluid pump (19). The addition of the regenerator not only reduces the external heating demand, but also reduces the cooling burden of the condenser (18), thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the power cycle; During the charging process, the pressurized water in the low-temperature water tank (16) is transported by the low-temperature water pump (12) to the condenser (10), where it absorbs the heat released by the heat pump working fluid; the pressurized water with increased temperature flows into the high-temperature water tank (13) for storage; during the discharging process, the pressurized water stored in the high-temperature water tank (13) is transported by the high-temperature water pump (14) to the high-temperature heater (15), where the stored heat is transferred to the power cycle working fluid; after heat exchange, the pressurized water with reduced temperature is transported back to the low-temperature water tank (16) for storage, so as to be used in the next cycle; The cooling water first enters the condenser (18) to absorb the heat released by the power cycle working fluid, and is then transported to the cooling tower (22) via the cooling water pump (21), where the heat is discharged into the environment to complete the heat dissipation process.

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