A physical model experiment device and test method for pro- or anti-dip rock landslide

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of geological disaster model test, especially to a device and method for physical model test of dip or anti-dip rock landslide, comprising a landslide simulation system, an electric lifting system and a thrust loading system. The landslide simulation system is used for casting of the landslide slope and simulation of the slope instability and failure process; the electric lifting system is used for changing the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame in the landslide simulation system to form the required angle in the test process; the thrust loading system is used for simulating the rear edge thrust of the slope in the test process to make the casted slope unstable and fail under the action of the thrust; through the cooperation of the three systems, the casting model of the sample, the landslide thrust simulation and other test processes are realized. The device integrates the slope casting and landslide simulation test, and the experimental simulation has high reliability. The problems of slope disturbance and slope simulation accuracy in the existing landslide simulation test process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster model testing technology, specifically to a physical model experimental device and method for dip-sloping or reverse-dip rock landslides. Background Technology

[0002] The formation mechanism, influencing factors, movement characteristics, and prediction and forecasting of landslides have always been hot research topics for scholars both domestically and internationally. As a common geological hazard, landslides seriously threaten people's lives and property, making physical model testing of landslides extremely important. Physical model tests can be conducted indoors and can effectively reflect the geological characteristics at the time of a landslide, yielding relatively accurate results. This saves time and reduces the consumption of manpower and resources; therefore, indoor physical model tests are widely used by researchers in landslide studies.

[0003] Currently, scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted various studies on landslides through indoor physical model tests and have made some progress. However, the current sample preparation methods for landslide physical model test devices still have certain limitations. There are generally two existing sample preparation methods for rock landslide physical model test devices: one is to pour and solidify landslide samples in a casting model box as needed, and then remove the solidified samples and place them into the landslide model for landslide simulation experiments; the other is to directly use bricks to build the required landslide model for simulation experiments. The first method can cause some disturbance to the slope when transporting the samples from the casting model box to the landslide model; while the second method avoids disturbance to the slope, the slope simulated using bricks is not as accurate as the slope model simulated after pouring and mixing samples according to a set ratio.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a physical model device and method for rock landslides that integrates slope casting and landslide simulation testing to solve the problems of slope disturbance and slope simulation accuracy during landslide simulation testing, thereby reducing the errors in the final slope model data caused by the slope sample preparation process in landslide simulation testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of slope disturbance and slope simulation accuracy in existing landslide simulation experiments, this invention provides a physical model experimental device and method for dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslides.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a physical model experimental device for dipping or anti-dipping rock landslides, including a landslide simulation system, an electric lifting system, and a thrust loading system;

[0008] The landslide simulation system is used to simulate the pouring and instability failure process of landslide slopes. It includes an outer frame, inside which a sliding surface frame is installed. One end of the sliding surface frame is rotatably connected to the outer frame. Inside the sliding surface frame are a front baffle and a rear baffle. The bottom end of the front baffle is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame. A limiting structure is slidably installed on the sliding surface frame to limit the rotation angle of the front baffle. The rear baffle is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame. A sliding surface base plate is installed at the bottom of the sliding surface frame.

[0009] The lifting end of the electric lifting system is connected to the free end of the sliding frame, which is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding frame in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding frame forms the angle required during the test.

[0010] The loading end of the thrust loading system is located outside the rear baffle of the sliding frame. During the test, a thrust is applied to the poured slope, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the action of the thrust.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes a control system, which is electrically or communicatively connected to the electric lifting system and the thrust loading system.

[0012] Optionally, the limiting structure includes a limiting screw that is slidably disposed on the sliding frame, and the limiting screw is configured in two sets and disposed on both sides of the front baffle.

[0013] Optionally, the bottom surface of the sliding frame is provided with a strip-shaped limiting hole in the sliding direction, and the limiting screw passes through the strip-shaped limiting hole and slides within the strip-shaped limiting hole.

[0014] Optionally, the electric lifting system includes a movable crane, a cable, and a hook; the movable crane is slidably mounted on an outer frame above the sliding frame; one end of the cable is connected to the lifting end of the movable crane, and the other end of the cable is connected to the hook, which hooks the free end of the sliding frame.

[0015] Optionally, baffles are provided on the sliding frames on both sides of the sliding base plate.

[0016] Optionally, the thrust loading system includes an angle adjustment frame, a driver, a servo motor, and a jack; the angle adjustment frame is connected to the outer frame, and an angle adjustment plate is rotatably and slidably connected inside the angle frame; the servo motor is mounted on the angle adjustment plate, and the power output end of the servo motor is connected to the jack; during thrust loading, the power output end of the jack abuts against the rear end of the poured slope, applying thrust to the poured slope, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the thrust.

[0017] Optionally, the power output end of the jack is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the magnitude of the thrust applied by the jack.

[0018] Optionally, a reduction gearbox is provided between the servo motor and the jack power transmission to control the stroke and thrust of the jack.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for conducting physical model experiments on dip-sloping or reverse-dip rock landslides using the above-mentioned model experimental apparatus, comprising:

[0020] Adjust the angle of the front baffle so that the angle between it and the sliding base plate is equal to the slope angle;

[0021] Adjust the angle of the sliding frame so that the angle between it and the plane is equal to the dip angle of the rock strata of the slope;

[0022] The test materials were prepared according to the specified ratio and poured into the inside of the slip surface frame according to the structure of the bedding rock, and solidified to form a simulated rock layer.

[0023] Readjust the angle of the sliding frame so that its thrust loading direction is consistent with the slope direction, and remove the front baffle and rear baffle.

[0024] Adjust the loading direction of the thrust loading system to be consistent with the slope direction, and apply thrust according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust until the slope becomes unstable and fails under the action of thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention discloses a physical model experimental device for dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslides. It includes a landslide simulation system with an outer frame, sliding surface frame, limiting structure, sliding surface base plate, front baffle, and rear baffle. An electric lifting system assists in the modeling of landslide slope casting and instability failure. A loading system applies thrust to the cast slope during the experiment, simulating instability and failure. This device integrates slope casting and landslide simulation, featuring a simple structure. It eliminates the need for transporting the model, avoiding disturbance to the slope. Furthermore, it uses proportionally proportioned casting instead of brick-stacking, resulting in a high degree of automation, minimal human intervention, and more accurate experimental results. The device is versatile and applicable to both dipping and reverse-dipping rock landslide physical model experiments, making it particularly suitable for indoor landslide physical model research.

[0027] It also includes a control system, which is electrically or communicatively connected to the electric lifting system and the thrust loading system. The control system enables electrical control of the electric lifting system and the thrust loading system, resulting in a high degree of automation, simple experimental operation, ease of control, and higher reliability of experimental results.

[0028] The limiting structure includes a limiting screw that is slidably mounted on the sliding frame. The limiting screw is configured in two sets and is located on both sides of the front baffle. By providing a strip-shaped limiting hole in the sliding direction on the bottom surface of the sliding frame, the limiting screw passes through the strip-shaped limiting hole and slides within the strip-shaped limiting hole, thereby realizing the adjustment and limiting of the angle of the front baffle. The structure is simple, without any special or complicated processing structure, and has low cost.

[0029] The electric lifting system includes a movable crane, cables, and hooks; by hooking the free end of the sliding frame, the movable crane drags the free end of the sliding frame to rotate it to a certain angle to meet the test requirements. The system is simple in structure and easy to operate.

[0030] Baffles are installed on the sliding frame on both sides of the sliding base plate to prevent the slope from sliding to the sides during the test and to ensure the stability of the test process.

[0031] The thrust loading system includes an angle adjustment frame, a driver, a servo motor, and a jack. The angle adjustment frame is connected to the outer frame, and the servo motor is connected to the angle adjustment frame. The servo motor provides power to the gearbox, which controls the stroke and thrust of the jack. A pressure sensor is connected to the front of the jack, and after the jack starts to apply thrust, the pressure sensor accurately records the magnitude of the thrust applied by the jack.

[0032] This invention also provides a method for conducting physical model experiments on dip-side or reverse-dip rock landslides using the aforementioned model experimental apparatus. When conducting a dip-side rock landslide physical model experiment, the angle between the front baffle and the sliding surface bottom plate is adjusted to match the slope angle. Based on the rock strata dip angle of the slope, the angle of the sliding surface frame is adjusted so that the angle of the sliding surface frame relative to the plane equals the rock strata dip angle of the slope. Test materials are prepared according to the specified proportions and poured into the sliding surface frame according to the structure of the bedding rock, allowing it to solidify and form simulated rock strata. The angle of the sliding surface frame is adjusted again so that the thrust loading direction is consistent with the slope direction, and the front and rear baffles are removed. The loading direction of the thrust loading system is adjusted to be consistent with the slope direction. Thrust loading is applied according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust, and the data is recorded until the slope becomes unstable and fails under the thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment. When conducting a reverse-dip rock landslide physical model experiment, only the angle of the sliding surface frame needs to be adjusted in the opposite direction so that the angle of the sliding surface frame relative to the plane equals the rock strata dip angle of the slope. This method is simple, easy to control, and can effectively reduce the errors in the final slope model data caused by the slope sample preparation process in landslide simulation tests, making the test results more accurate and reliable, and providing a reliable basis for the prediction and research of subsequent landslide disasters. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for a physical model of a dipping or anti-dipping rock landslide according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a physical model experimental device for dipping or reverse dipping rock landslides according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the outer frame of an experimental device for a physical model of a dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslide according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding surface frame structure in a physical model experimental device for dipping or reverse dipping rock landslides according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thrust loading system in a physical model experimental device for dipping or reverse dipping rock landslides according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental process for a physical model of a dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslide according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pouring state of the physical model experimental device for a dip rock landslide in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pouring state of the physical model experimental device for an anti-dip rock landslide in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Among them, 1-landslide simulation system, 2-electric lifting system, 3-thrust loading system, 11-outer frame, 12-sliding surface frame, 13-front baffle, 14-rear baffle, 15-sliding surface base plate, 16-limiting screw, 17-strip limiting hole, 18-baffle, 19-hollow tube, 120-outer frame hole, 21-movable crane, 22-cable, 23-hook, 31-angle adjustment frame, 32-driver, 33-servo motor, 34-reduction gearbox, 35-jack, 36-pressure sensor, 37-angle adjustment plate, 38-adjustment plate limiting rod, 39-universal screw, 310-adjusting screw, 311-adjustment plate limiting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0043] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0044] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This invention discloses a physical model experimental device for dip-sloping or anti-dip rock landslides, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes a landslide simulation system 1, an electric lifting system 2, a thrust loading system 3, and a control system 4;

[0051] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 The landslide simulation system 1 is used to simulate the pouring of landslide slopes and the process of slope instability and failure. It includes an outer frame 11, inside which a sliding surface frame 12 is installed. One end of the sliding surface frame 12 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 11. Inside the sliding surface frame 12 are a front baffle 13 and a rear baffle 14. The bottom end of the front baffle 13 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame 12. A limiting structure is slidably installed on the sliding surface frame 12 to limit the rotation angle of the front baffle 13. The rear baffle 14 is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame 12. A sliding surface base plate 15 is installed at the bottom of the sliding surface frame 12.

[0052] The lifting end of the electric lifting system 2 is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12 in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding surface frame 12 forms the angle required during the test. It includes a movable crane 21, a cable 22 and a hook 23. The movable crane 21 is slidably set on the outer frame 11 above the sliding surface frame 12. One end of the cable 22 is connected to the lifting end of the movable crane 21, and the other end of the cable 22 is connected to the hook 23. The hook 23 hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame 12.

[0053] The loading end of the thrust loading system 3 is located outside the rear baffle 14 of the sliding frame 12. During the test, a thrust is applied to the poured slope, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the thrust. The system includes an angle adjustment frame 31, a driver 32, a servo motor 33, and a jack 35. The angle adjustment frame 31 is connected to the outer frame 11. An angle adjustment plate 37 is rotatably and slidably connected inside the angle frame 31. The servo motor 33 is mounted on the angle adjustment plate 37. The power output end of the servo motor 33 is connected to the jack 35 in sequence. When the thrust is applied, the power output end of the jack 35 abuts against the rear end of the poured slope, applying a thrust to the poured slope, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the thrust.

[0054] The control system 4 is electrically or communicatively connected to the movable crane 21 in the electric lifting system 2 and the driver 32 in the thrust loading system 3, and is used to realize automated control.

[0055] This device, through the configuration of an outer frame 11, a sliding surface frame 12, a limiting structure, a sliding surface base plate 15, a front baffle 13, and a rear baffle 14 of a landslide simulation system 1, and assisted by an electric lifting system 2, realizes the modeling of landslide slope casting and slope instability failure. By setting up a thrust loading system 3, thrust is applied to the cast slope during the experiment, causing the cast slope to instability and failure under the thrust, thus simulating the experiment. This device integrates slope casting and landslide simulation testing, with a simple structure. During the experiment, there is no need to transport the cast model, avoiding disturbance to the slope during transport. Furthermore, it uses proportional sample casting instead of brick-piling for simulation, resulting in a high degree of automation, minimal human intervention, and more accurate experimental results. The device is also versatile and applicable to physical model experiments of dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslides, and is particularly suitable for indoor landslide physical model testing research.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This invention discloses a physical model experimental device for dip-sloping or anti-dip rock landslides, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes a landslide simulation system 1, an electric lifting system 2, a thrust loading system 3, and a control system 4;

[0058] See Figure 3 and Figure 4The landslide simulation system 1 is used to simulate the pouring of landslide slopes and the process of slope instability and failure. It includes an outer frame 11, inside which a sliding surface frame 12 is installed. Hollow tubes 19 are installed at both ends of the sliding surface frame 12. Four outer frame holes 120 of equal height are correspondingly installed on the outer frame 11. The outer frame holes 120 are connected to the hollow tubes 19 by pins. During landslide simulation experiments, when pouring the rock face, a certain end of the outer frame hole 120 is selected to connect with the hollow tube 19. The tube 19 is rotatably connected by a pin; wherein, the pin diameter, the outer frame hole 120 diameter, and the inner diameter of the hollow tube 19 depend on whether the iron rod pin and the hollow tube can withstand the force applied by the entire sliding frame 12 and the landslide sample; optionally, the pin diameter, the outer frame hole 120 diameter, and the hollow tube 19 inner diameter are all set to 30mm; the sliding frame 12 is provided with a front baffle 13 and a rear baffle 14 inside; the bottom end of the front baffle 13 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding frame 12; optionally, the... The front baffle 13 and the sliding frame 12 are rotatably connected at their respective bottom ends, and are connected by pins. The sliding frame 12 on both sides of the front baffle 13 has strip-shaped limiting holes 17, within which two limiting screws 16 are slidably disposed. These limiting screws 16 are located on both sides of the front baffle 13 and are used to limit the angle of the front baffle 13. Nuts are provided at both ends of each limiting screw 16. Optionally, the diameter of the limiting screw 16 is 20mm. The rear baffle 14 is detachably connected to the sliding frame 12. Optionally, holes are provided at corresponding connection positions of the sliding frame 12 and the rear baffle 14, and a pair of corresponding holes are connected by a pin. A sliding base plate 15 is provided at the bottom of the sliding frame 12. Optionally, the hollow tube 19 is provided at the bottom of both ends of the sliding base plate 15. Baffles 18 are provided on both sides of the outer frame 11 perpendicular to the front baffle 13. Optionally, the baffles 18 are acrylic baffles to prevent the slope from sliding to both sides during the test.

[0059] The lifting end of the electric lifting system 2 is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12 in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding surface frame 12 forms the angle required during the test. It includes a movable crane 21, a cable 22 and a hook 23. The movable crane 21 is slidably set on the outer frame 11 above the sliding surface frame 12. One end of the cable 22 is connected to the lifting end of the movable crane 21, and the other end of the cable 22 is connected to the hook 23. The hook 23 hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame 12.

[0060] The loading end of the thrust loading system 3 is located outside the rear baffle 14 of the sliding frame 12. During the test, a thrust is applied to the poured slope, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the thrust. The system includes an angle adjustment frame 31, a driver 32, a servo motor 33, a reduction gearbox 34, a jack 35, a pressure sensor 36, and an angle adjustment plate 37. The angle adjustment frame 31 is connected to the outer frame 11. An angle adjustment plate 37 is installed inside the angle frame 31. An adjustment plate limiting holes 311 are provided on the angle frame 31 on both sides of the angle adjustment plate 37. An adjustment plate limiting rods 38 are connected to the angle adjustment plate 37. The two ends of the adjustment plate limiting rods 38 pass through the adjustment plate limiting holes 311 on both sides of the angle adjustment plate 37 and can rotate and slide within the adjustment plate limiting holes 311. The end is limited by a nut; an adjusting screw 310 is provided on the angle adjusting frame 31 along the movement direction of the adjusting plate limiting rod 38. The adjusting screw 310 passes through the side wall of the angle adjusting frame and is perpendicular to the adjusting plate limiting rod 38, and the two are connected to each other; optionally, several universal screws 39 of equal height are provided on the angle adjusting frame 31. The extension direction of the universal screws is parallel to the adjusting screw 310. During the experiment, they abut against the bottom of the angle adjusting plate 37; the servo motor 33 is provided on the angle adjusting plate 37. The power output end of the servo motor 33 is connected in sequence to the reduction gearbox 34, the jack 35 and the pressure sensor 36; when the thrust is applied, the power output end of the jack 35 abuts against the rear end of the poured slope, applying thrust to the poured slope, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the thrust. Optionally, when applying thrust, a thrust baffle can be set between the poured slope and the pressure sensor 36. The thrust baffle has the same shape as the inner diameter of the sliding frame 12, so that the tail of the slope can be subjected to a relatively uniform thrust.

[0061] The control system 4 is electrically or communicatively connected to the movable crane 21 in the electric lifting system 2 and the driver 32 in the thrust loading system 3, and is used to realize automated control.

[0062] The experimental apparatus provided by this invention allows for arbitrary adjustment of the landslide model angle, offering advantages such as minimal impact and simplicity in fabricating dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslide models at different angles. It enables the study of the failure relationships of dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslides at different angles, making it suitable for widespread application in the field of landslide physical simulation testing. Furthermore, the angle of the thrust loading system can be freely adjusted from 0° to 45°, simulating the landslide damage caused by thrust at different angles. By observing the experimental results after changing the thrust angle, the failure of landslides under different thrust angles can be studied, resulting in better versatility, operability, and accuracy of the simulation experiments.

[0063] See Figure 6The present invention also provides a method for conducting physical model experiments on dip-sloping or reverse-dip rock landslides using the above-mentioned model experimental apparatus, comprising:

[0064] When conducting physical model experiments on dip-side rock landslides:

[0065] S1: Adjust the angle of the front baffle 13 so that the angle between it and the sliding base plate 15 is equal to the slope angle;

[0066] S2: Adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 so that the angle between it and the plane is equal to the dip angle of the rock strata of the slope;

[0067] S3: Prepare the test material according to the ratio, and pour the test material into the inside of the slip surface frame 12 according to the structure of the bedding rock, and solidify to form a simulated rock layer;

[0068] S4: Readjust the angle of the sliding frame 12 so that its thrust loading direction is consistent with the slope direction, and remove the front baffle 13 and the rear baffle 14.

[0069] S5: Adjust the loading direction of the thrust loading system 3 to be consistent with the slope direction, and apply thrust according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust until the slope becomes unstable and fails under the action of thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment.

[0070] When conducting the physical model experiment of the reverse-dip rock landslide, the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 is adjusted in the opposite direction to that of the physical model experiment of the dip rock landslide.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] See Figure 7In the physical model experiment of the dip-side rock landslide, firstly, the limiting screw 16 is slid within the strip-shaped limiting hole 17, causing the front baffle 13 to rotate, so that the angle between the front baffle 13 and the sliding surface base plate 15 is equal to the slope angle; then, the end of the sliding surface frame 12 away from the thrust loading system 3 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 11, and the movable crane 21 is moved to above the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and the cable 22 is lowered so that the hook 23 hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, so that the angle θ between the sliding surface base plate 15 and the horizontal direction is equal to the dip angle of the rock strata of the slope; when adjusting the angle of the sliding surface frame 12, the length of the sliding surface base plate 15 can be determined as D, then the length of the cable 22 in the horizontal direction of the sliding surface frame 12 is taken as the starting point, and the length of the cable lowered is D*sinθ; adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12. Afterwards, keeping the sliding surface frame 12 stable, the test material was prepared according to the mix proportion and poured into the interior of the sliding surface frame 12 according to the structure of the bedding rock. Each layer was poured and allowed to solidify before pouring the next layer, until the last layer was poured and solidified to form a simulated rock layer. The angle of the sliding surface frame 12 was adjusted again so that its thrust loading direction was consistent with the slope direction. The rear baffle 14 and the front baffle 13 were removed. The adjusting screw 310 was adjusted so that the adjusting plate limiting rod 38 slid along the adjusting plate limiting hole 311. The angle of the angle adjusting plate 37 was adjusted so that the loading direction of the thrust loading system 3 was consistent with the slope direction. Thrust loading was carried out according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust until the slope became unstable and failed under the thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment. The experimental data were saved during the process.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] See Figure 8In the physical model experiment of the anti-dip rock landslide, firstly, the limiting screw 16 is slid within the strip-shaped limiting hole 17, causing the front baffle 13 to rotate, so that the angle between the front baffle 13 and the sliding surface base plate 15 is equal to the slope angle; then, the end of the sliding surface frame 12 near the thrust loading system 3 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 11, and the movable crane 21 is moved above the free end of the sliding surface frame 12. The cable 22 is lowered so that the hook 23 hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, so that the angle θ between the sliding surface base plate 15 and the horizontal direction is equal to the rock stratum dip angle of the slope; when adjusting the angle of the sliding surface frame 12, the length of the sliding surface base plate 15 can be determined as D. Then, taking the length of the cable 22 in the horizontal direction of the sliding surface frame 12 as the starting point, the length of the cable lowered is D*sinθ; adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12. Afterwards, keeping the sliding surface frame 12 stable, the test material was prepared according to the mix proportion and poured into the interior of the sliding surface frame 12 according to the structure of the bedding rock. Each layer was poured and allowed to solidify before pouring the next layer, until the last layer was poured and solidified to form a simulated rock layer. The angle of the sliding surface frame 12 was adjusted again so that its thrust loading direction was consistent with the slope direction. The rear baffle 14 and the front baffle 13 were removed. The adjusting screw 310 was adjusted so that the adjusting plate limiting rod 38 slid along the adjusting plate limiting hole 311. The angle of the angle adjusting plate 37 was adjusted so that the loading direction of the thrust loading system 3 was consistent with the slope direction. Thrust loading was carried out according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust until the slope became unstable and failed under the thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment. The experimental data were saved during the process.

[0075] In summary, this invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for physical modeling of dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslides, comprising a landslide simulation system 1, an electric lifting system 2, and a thrust loading system 3. The landslide simulation system 1 is used to simulate the pouring of the landslide slope and the process of slope instability and failure. The electric lifting system 2 is mainly used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12 in the landslide simulation system 1, so that the sliding surface frame forms the angle required during the test. The thrust loading system 3 applies thrust from the rear edge of the slope during the test, causing the poured slope to become unstable and fail under the thrust. Through the coordinated operation of the three systems, the test processes of pouring the sample model and simulating landslide thrust are realized. This apparatus integrates slope pouring and landslide simulation testing, has a simple structure, and a high degree of automation throughout the entire test process. It can effectively reduce the errors in the final slope model data caused by the slope sample preparation process in landslide simulation tests. Furthermore, it has good versatility and can be applied to physical model experiments of dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslides, providing a reliable basis for subsequent prediction and research on landslide disasters.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can be modified and replaced in several simple ways, and these modifications and replacements are all within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A physical model experiment device for a forward or reverse rock landslide, characterized in that, The landslide simulation system (1), the electric lifting system (2), the thrust loading system (3) and the control system (4); The landslide simulation system (1) is used for pouring and simulating the slope body instability and destruction process of the landslide slope body, comprising an outer frame (11), a sliding surface frame (12) is arranged inside the outer frame (11), one end of the sliding surface frame (12) is rotatably connected to the outer frame (11); the inside of the sliding surface frame (12) is provided with a front baffle (13) and a rear baffle (14); the bottom end of the front baffle (13) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame (12); a limiting structure is slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame (12) for limiting the rotation angle of the front baffle (13); the limiting structure comprises a limiting screw rod (16) slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame (12), the limiting screw rod (16) is arranged in two groups and is arranged on the two sides of the front baffle (13); the rear baffle (14) is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame (12); a sliding surface bottom plate (15) is arranged at the bottom of the sliding surface frame (12); The lifting end of the electric lifting system (2) is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame (12), which is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame (12) in the landslide simulation system, so that the sliding surface frame (12) forms the required angle in the test process; the electric lifting system (2) comprises a translatable crane (21), a cable (22) and a hook (23); the translatable crane (21) is slidably arranged on the outer frame (11) above the sliding surface frame (12), one end of the cable (22) is connected to the lifting end of the translatable crane (21), the other end of the cable (22) is connected to the hook (23), and the hook (23) hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame (12); The loading end of the thrust loading system (3) is located outside the rear baffle (14) of the sliding surface frame (12), and during the test process, a thrust is applied to the poured slope body, so that the poured slope body is destabilized and destroyed under the action of the thrust; the thrust loading system (3) comprises an angle adjusting frame (31), a driver (32), a servo motor (33) and a jack (35); the angle adjusting frame (31) is connected with the outer frame (11), the angle adjusting plate (37) is rotatably and slidably connected inside the angle adjusting frame (31), the servo motor (33) is arranged on the angle adjusting plate (37), and the power output end of the servo motor (33) is connected with the jack (35); when the thrust is loaded, the power output end of the jack (35) abuts against the rear end of the poured slope body, a thrust is applied to the poured slope body, so that the poured slope body is destabilized and destroyed under the action of the thrust; The control system (4) is electrically connected or communicatively connected with the electric lifting system (2) and the thrust loading system (3).

2. The physical model experiment device for prograding or retrograding rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the sliding surface frame (12) is provided with a strip-shaped limiting hole (17) in the landslide direction, the limiting screw rod (16) passes through the strip-shaped limiting hole (17) and slides in the strip-shaped limiting hole (17).

3. The physical model experiment device for prograding or retrograding rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding surface frame (12) on both sides of the sliding surface bottom plate (15) is provided with a baffle (18).

4. The physical model experiment device for prograding or retrograding rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power output end of the jack (35) is provided with a pressure sensor (36) for monitoring the size of the pushing force applied by the jack (35).

5. The physical model experiment device for prograding or retrograding rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The servo motor (33) is provided with a reduction box (34) between the power transmission and the jack (35) for controlling the stroke and pushing force of the jack (35).

6. A method for conducting a physical model experiment of a forward or reverse rock landslide using the model experiment device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Comprise: Adjust the angle of the front baffle (13) to make the included angle with the slide surface bottom plate (15) equal to the slope angle; Adjust the angle of the slide surface frame (12) to make the included angle with the horizontal plane equal to the rock stratum dip angle of the slope body; Prepare the test material according to the proportion, and pour the test material in the slide surface frame (12) according to the structure of the rock stratum, and solidify to form the simulated rock stratum; Adjust the angle of the slide surface frame (12) again to make the pushing force loading direction consistent with the slope direction, and remove the front baffle (13) and the rear baffle (14); Adjust the loading direction of the pushing force loading system (3) to be consistent with the slope direction, and load the pushing force according to the size of the landslide speed and the landslide pushing force, until the slope body is destabilized and damaged under the action of the pushing force, and the landslide physical model experiment is completed.

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