A diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines

Abstract

The present invention discloses a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines, which relates to the technical field of cable fault detection, and includes a detection data acquisition unit, a partial discharge detection unit, and a fault detection processing unit. In the present invention, the sensor is optimized by a sensor optimization module, and the signal is assisted by a signal auxiliary module. After processing, the electromagnetic interference during cable detection can be reduced, thereby stabilizing the acquired traveling wave signal. Through signal amplification and signal filtering technology, the signal is enhanced and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved, the influence of noise and interference signals on the traveling wave signal is reduced, and it is convenient to stably obtain the traveling wave signal, reduce the error during fault diagnosis and positioning, and ensure the accuracy of fault diagnosis. When a fault occurs, timely early warning is performed, and positioning is assisted by a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement method, which can ensure the accuracy of fault positioning and facilitate the subsequent rapid maintenance of the cable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable fault detection, and in particular to a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines. Background Art

[0002] Overhead cable (full name: overhead insulated cable) is an overhead conductor equipped with an insulating layer and a protective sheath. It is a special cable manufactured using a production process similar to that of cross-linked cables. It is a new way of transmitting electricity between overhead conductors and underground cables.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN221224902U discloses a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines, including a diagnostic part; a liftable movable frame is installed inside the cavity, two bearing plates are installed on the front end surface of the movable frame, a connecting rod is coaxially fixed at the center of the bearing plate, the top end of the connecting rod is plugged into the socket, and springs are sleeved on the connecting rods; when the socket and the connecting rod are plugged in, the plug plate can be confined inside the shell.

[0004] In the above-mentioned patent, although the problem of the difficulty in quickly disassembling the online fault location device is solved by using a pressure block and a connecting rod, when the cable fault warning and precise positioning device is used to acquire and process the traveling wave signal, the external electromagnetic signal will interfere with the traveling wave signal, causing the traveling wave signal to weaken, making it impossible to stably acquire the traveling wave signal, thereby increasing the error during fault diagnosis and positioning. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines, so as to solve the problem raised in the above-mentioned background technology that when using a cable fault early warning and precise positioning device to obtain and process traveling wave signals, external electromagnetic signals will interfere with the traveling wave signals, causing the traveling wave signals to weaken, thereby making it impossible to stably obtain the traveling wave signals, thereby increasing the errors in fault diagnosis and positioning.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines, comprising a detection data acquisition unit, a partial discharge detection unit and a fault detection processing unit;

[0007] The detection data acquisition unit is used to acquire monitoring data of the processed cables in the current detection area, including voltage, current and temperature;

[0008] The local discharge detection unit is used to detect the cable discharge status in the current area by using a high-frequency current method;

[0009] The fault detection processing unit is used to detect whether there is a fault in the overhead cable and quickly locate the fault;

[0010] The detection data acquisition unit includes a sensor optimization module, a signal auxiliary module and a data acquisition module, wherein the sensor optimization module is used to select different types of traveling wave sensors according to the type and grade of the cable, and optimize the installation of the sensor using a connecting mechanism;

[0011] The signal auxiliary module is used to amplify the traveling wave signal through the signal amplification circuit, filter the processed signal, and remove noise and interference signals;

[0012] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the signal data processed in the signal auxiliary module, and transmit the data to the partial discharge detection unit and the fault detection processing unit.

[0013] Preferably, the fault detection processing unit includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an algorithm optimization module, a fault detection module and an early warning and positioning module;

[0014] The data acquisition module is used to collect the traveling wave signal data in the data acquisition module;

[0015] The data processing module is used to perform multi-dimensional analysis on the traveling wave signal using an algorithm, and extract characteristic information of the traveling wave signal according to set keywords.

[0016] Preferably, the algorithm optimization module is used to adjust multiple parameters of the algorithm, fuse and synchronously process the adjusted signal data, and then optimize after processing;

[0017] The algorithm optimization module includes a parameter adjustment module, a data fusion module, a clock synchronization module and an identification optimization module;

[0018] The parameter adjustment module is used to automatically identify the mode and characteristics of the traveling wave signal using a neural network algorithm, and adjust the network structure, learning rate and number of training times according to the identification results;

[0019] The data fusion module is used to fuse the traveling wave signals obtained by multiple sensors of different types or at different locations through a weighted average algorithm, and then further fuse and analyze the fused signals with other monitoring data of the cable to evaluate the current operating status of the cable.

[0020] Preferably, the clock synchronization module uses a satellite clock as a clock source, and synchronizes the clocks between multiple modules through clock synchronization technology;

[0021] The identification and optimization module is used to establish a feature database of reflected waves at fault points, extract the features of reflected waves using a machine learning algorithm and match them with the feature database pattern to automatically identify and classify reflected waves.

[0022] Preferably, the fault detection module is used to integrate the data in the algorithm optimization module to determine whether there is a fault in the cable in the current area, and if there is a fault, quickly send out a fault signal;

[0023] The early warning and positioning module is used to receive the fault signal of the fault detection module, issue an early warning to the control terminal according to the fault signal, and locate the cable fault through the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement method.

[0024] Preferably, when the machine learning algorithm is used to automatically identify and classify the reflected waves, the following contents are also included:

[0025] S1. Select a machine learning model: Use a convolutional neural network with a supervised learning algorithm to automatically extract the features of the traveling wave signal;

[0026] S2. Model construction and training: Construct a machine learning model, train the selected machine learning model with the labeled traveling wave signal data, divide the data into a training set and a validation set, and minimize the loss function of the model on the training set by adjusting the model parameters;

[0027] Among them, the relevant expressions of the machine learning model are as follows:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the formula, is the weight matrix from the input layer to the hidden layer, The weight matrix from the hidden layer to the output layer, f is the activation function, is the bias term of the hidden layer, t is the activation function of the output layer, is the bias term of the output layer;

[0030] S3. Model optimization: Apply the trained model to actual traveling wave signal monitoring to automatically identify and classify reflected waves. Based on the feedback results from actual applications, the model optimization is completed by increasing the amount of data, improving feature extraction methods, and adjusting model structure and parameters.

[0031] Preferably, it also includes a protective shell, the inner wall of which is connected to a voltage sensor and a Rogowski coil sensor by bolts, an extension plate is fixedly connected to one side of the protective shell, a limit shell is engaged with one side of the extension plate, a fiber grating sensor is inserted inside the limit shell, and a positioning piece is inserted at the connection between the extension plate and the limit shell.

[0032] Preferably, a limiting mechanism is provided on one side of the positioning member, and the limiting mechanism includes a fixed disk, a pressing plate and a guide tube, one side of the fixed disk is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting shell, the limiting shell is threadedly connected to a threaded rod, and one end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to a clamping disk.

[0033] Preferably, one side of the guide tube is fixedly connected to the protective shell, and the inner ring surface of the guide tube is connected to an arc-shaped sheet through a spring, and two groups of guide wheel assemblies are arranged on one side of the arc-shaped sheet, one side of the guide wheel assembly is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell, and the other side of the guide wheel assembly is fixedly connected to the limiting shell, and one side of the guide wheel assembly is overlapped with a pressing plate, and a connecting plate is installed on the top of the pressing plate through a spring, and the connecting plate is respectively fixedly connected to the protective shell and the limiting shell.

[0034] Preferably, a built-in rod is slidably connected to one side of the inner wall of the protective shell, a buffer rod is fixedly connected between the two built-in rods, a fixed block is fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the buffer rod, one side of the fixed block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell, and one side of the outer wall of the protective shell is fixedly connected to a reinforcement member, and one end of the reinforcement member is snap-connected to the limiting shell.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] In the present invention, the sensor is optimized by the sensor optimization module, and the signal is assisted by the signal auxiliary module. After processing, the electromagnetic interference during cable detection can be reduced, thereby stabilizing the acquired traveling wave signal. Through signal amplification and signal filtering technology, the signal is enhanced and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved, and the influence of noise and interference signals on the traveling wave signal is reduced, which facilitates the stable acquisition of the traveling wave signal, reduces the error during fault diagnosis and positioning, and ensures the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

[0037] In the present invention, the algorithm is optimized and the parameters are adjusted through the algorithm optimization module, and then the multi-source data is integrated and the clock synchronization is performed, which can reduce the workload of the identification optimization module and the error caused by clock asynchrony to the data. The identification optimization module can optimize the identification of the reflected wave of the fault point, improve the accuracy of fault identification, avoid fault omission, and facilitate timely warning when a fault occurs. The distributed optical fiber temperature measurement method is used to assist in positioning, which can ensure the accuracy of fault positioning and facilitate the subsequent rapid maintenance of the cable.

[0038] 3. In the present invention, one end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to the chuck, and the cable passes through the guide tube. By rotating the threaded rod, the distance between the chuck and the fixed plate is reduced, so that the cable can be clamped and fixed. The guide wheel assembly and the pressing plate can guide the cable to enter the limiting shell and the protective shell, thereby reducing the position deviation of the cable during installation. The arc-shaped piece can improve the tightness of the connection between one side of the protective shell and the cable, thereby reducing the looseness of the cable during detection and ensuring the accuracy of cable detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1A system block diagram of a diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A system block diagram of an algorithm optimization module of a diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in a power transmission line according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a guide wheel assembly of a diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a clamping plate and a fixed plate structure of a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a reinforcement structure of a diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in a power transmission line according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of a Rogowski coil sensor of a diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in a power transmission line according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the connection between a buffer rod and a built-in rod structure of a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines.

[0046] In the figure:

[0047] 1. Detection data acquisition unit; 11. Sensor optimization module; 12. Signal auxiliary module; 13. Data acquisition module; 2. Partial discharge detection unit; 3. Fault detection processing unit; 31. Data acquisition module; 32. Data processing module; 33. Algorithm optimization module; 331. Parameter adjustment module; 332. Data fusion module; 333. Clock synchronization module; 334. Identification optimization module; 34. Fault detection module; 35. Early warning and positioning module; 4. Protective shell; 41. Reinforcement; 42. Positioning piece; 43. Extension plate; 44. Voltage sensor; 45. Buffer rod; 46. Built-in rod; 47. Fixed block; 48. Rogowski coil sensor; 5. Limiting shell; 51. Threaded rod; 52. Clamping plate; 53. Fixed plate; 54. Fiber Bragg grating sensor; 6. Pressing plate; 61. Guide wheel assembly; 63. Guide tube; 64. Arc sheet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown: a diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines, comprising a detection data acquisition unit 1, a partial discharge detection unit 2 and a fault detection processing unit 3;

[0050] The detection data acquisition unit 1 is used to obtain monitoring data of the processed cable in the current detection area, including voltage, current and temperature; the detection data acquisition unit 1 includes a sensor optimization module 11, a signal auxiliary module 12 and a data acquisition module 13. The sensor optimization module 11 is used to select different types of traveling wave sensors according to the type and grade of the cable, and optimize the installation of the sensor using a connecting mechanism; the signal auxiliary module 12 is used to amplify the traveling wave signal through a signal amplification circuit, filter the processed signal, and remove noise and interference signals; the data acquisition module 13 is used to obtain the processed signal data in the signal auxiliary module 12, and transmit the data to the local discharge detection unit 2 and the fault detection processing unit 3.

[0051] The partial discharge detection unit 2 is used to detect the cable discharge condition in the current area by using a high-frequency current method;

[0052] The fault detection processing unit 3 is used to detect whether there is a fault in the overhead cable and quickly locate the fault; the fault detection processing unit 3 includes a data acquisition module 31, a data processing module 32, an algorithm optimization module 33, a fault detection module 34 and an early warning and positioning module 35; the data acquisition module 31 is used to collect the traveling wave signal data in the data acquisition module 13; the data processing module 32 is used to use the algorithm to perform multi-dimensional analysis on the traveling wave signal, and extract the characteristic information of the traveling wave signal according to the set keywords; the algorithm optimization module 33 is used to adjust multiple parameters of the algorithm, fuse and synchronously process the adjusted signal data, and then optimize after processing; the fault detection module 34 is used to integrate the data in the algorithm optimization module 33 to determine whether there is a fault in the cable in the current area. If there is a fault, a fault signal is quickly issued; the early warning and positioning module 35 is used to receive the fault signal of the fault detection module 34, issue an early warning to the control terminal according to the fault signal, and locate the cable fault through the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement method.

[0053] Distributed fiber optic temperature measurement is based on the Raman scattering principle and optical time domain reflectometry technology. It can accurately measure the temperature changes at each point along the optical fiber. It has a high temperature resolution and can detect tiny temperature changes caused by cable faults. It is not affected by the stress and deformation of the optical cable and can stably reflect the temperature condition of the cable. It can accurately determine the occurrence and location of cable faults based on temperature anomalies. The optical fiber itself is made of quartz material, which is completely electrically insulated and not affected by electromagnetic interference. When used in a complex electromagnetic environment, it can still accurately measure the temperature and will not be affected by external electromagnetic interference. The measurement results ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection.

[0054] The algorithm optimization module 33 includes a parameter adjustment module 331, a data fusion module 332, a clock synchronization module 333 and an identification optimization module 334; the parameter adjustment module 331 is used to automatically identify the pattern and characteristics of the traveling wave signal using a neural network algorithm, and adjust the network structure, learning rate and number of training times according to the identification results; the data fusion module 332 is used to fuse the traveling wave signals obtained by multiple sensors of different types or positions through a weighted average algorithm, and then further fuse and analyze the fused signals with other monitoring data of the cable to evaluate the current operating status of the cable; the clock synchronization module 333 uses a satellite clock as a clock source, and synchronizes the clocks between multiple modules through clock synchronization technology; the identification optimization module 334 is used to establish a feature database of the reflected wave at the fault point, use a machine learning algorithm to extract the features of the reflected wave and match them with the feature database pattern, and automatically identify and classify the reflected wave.

[0055] When using machine learning algorithms for automatic identification and classification of reflected waves, the following are also included:

[0056] Step 1: Select a machine learning model: Use a convolutional neural network with a supervised learning algorithm to automatically extract the features of the traveling wave signal;

[0057] Step 2: Model construction and training: Construct a machine learning model, train the selected machine learning model with the labeled traveling wave signal data, divide the data into a training set and a validation set, and minimize the loss function of the model on the training set by adjusting the model parameters;

[0058] Among them, the relevant expressions of the machine learning model are as follows:

[0059] ;

[0060] In the formula, is the weight matrix from the input layer to the hidden layer, The weight matrix from the hidden layer to the output layer, f is the activation function, is the bias term of the hidden layer, t is the activation function of the output layer, is the bias term of the output layer;

[0061] Step 3: Model optimization: Apply the trained model to actual traveling wave signal monitoring to automatically identify and classify reflected waves. Based on the feedback results from actual applications, model optimization is completed by increasing the amount of data, improving feature extraction methods, and adjusting model structure and parameters.

[0062] In this embodiment, the convolutional neural network can automatically extract the features of the signal through the convolution layer and the pooling layer to improve the classification accuracy. By dividing the data set, multiple data sets can have different effects. The training set is used to train the model, and the validation set is used to adjust the model parameters and evaluate the model performance, thereby improving the training effect of the model. Cross-validation technology is used in the training process to prevent overfitting, thereby improving the generalization ability of the model. The trained model can be quickly applied to fault diagnosis to achieve real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of cables, improve the accuracy and efficiency of cable fault warning and positioning, and reduce errors during diagnosis.

[0063] Embodiment 2: According to Figure 3-Figure 7 As shown, it also includes a protective shell 4, the inner wall of the protective shell 4 is connected to a voltage sensor 44 and a Rogowski coil sensor 48 by bolts, one side of the protective shell 4 is fixedly connected to an extension plate 43, one side of the extension plate 43 is engaged with a limit shell 5, a fiber grating sensor 54 is inserted inside the limit shell 5, and a positioning member 42 is inserted at the connection between the extension plate 43 and the limit shell 5, one side of the positioning member 42 is provided with a limit mechanism, the limit mechanism includes a fixed disk 53, a pressing plate 6 and a guide tube 63, one side of the fixed disk 53 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limit shell 5, the limit shell 5 is connected to a threaded rod 51 by threads, one end of the threaded rod 51 is fixedly connected to a clamping plate 52, one side of the guide tube 63 is fixedly connected to the protective shell 4, and the inner annular surface of the guide tube 63 is connected to An arc-shaped piece 64, two groups of guide wheel assemblies 61 are arranged on one side of the arc-shaped piece 64, one side of one guide wheel assembly 61 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 4, and one side of the other guide wheel assembly 61 is fixedly connected to the limiting shell 5, one side of the guide wheel assembly 6 is overlapped with the pressing plate 6, a connecting plate is installed on the top of the pressing plate 6 through a spring, and the connecting plates are respectively fixedly connected to the protective shell 4 and the limiting shell 5, one side of the inner wall of the protective shell 4 is slidably connected with a built-in rod 46, a buffer rod 45 is fixedly connected between the two built-in rods 46, and a fixed block 47 is fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the buffer rod 45, one side of the fixed block 47 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 4, and one side of the outer wall of the protective shell 4 is fixedly connected with a reinforcement member 41, and one end of the reinforcement member 41 is snap-connected with the limiting shell 5.

[0064] In this embodiment, the extension plate 43 can assist the preliminary connection between the protective shell 4 and the limiting shell 5, and the positioning piece 42 can be used to limit the connection between the extension plate 43 and the limiting shell 5, thereby reinforcing the connection between the protective shell 4 and the limiting shell 5. The threaded connection between the threaded rod 51 and the limiting shell 5 can adjust the distance between the clamping plate 52 and the fixing plate 53 when the threaded rod 51 rotates, so that the clamping plate 52 and the fixing plate 53 can be used to clamp and fix the cable, thereby reducing the loosening of the cable inside the limiting shell 5. The arc piece 64 is connected to the inner wall of the guide tube 63 through a spring. The three arc pieces 64 distributed at 120° intervals can fit tightly with the outer ring surface of the cable under the action of the spring, thereby reducing the loosening of the cable output end and ensuring the stable installation of the cable inside the protective shell 4. The protective shell 4 and the limiting shell 5 can respectively support the two sets of guide wheel assemblies 61, thereby improving the safety of the cable. The high guide wheel assembly 61 is stable during installation and use. The connecting plate can be used to support the top of the pressing plate 6, which is convenient for pressing the bottom of the pressing plate 6 with the cable, and the cable is confined in the cavity surrounded by the bottom of the pressing plate 6 and the guide wheel assembly 61, thereby reducing the position deviation of the cable when it moves. At the same time, when the cable moves, the guide wheel assembly 61 can guide the cable, and the fixed block 47 can be used to support and reinforce one side of the buffer rod 45. A spring is installed between the inner rod and the outer rod of the buffer rod 45. When the built-in rod 46 is subjected to external force and moves up and down along the inner wall of the protective shell 4, the length of the buffer rod 45 changes accordingly, and the buffer protection of the built-in rod 46 can be achieved. The built-in rod 46 can be used to support and reinforce the inner wall of the protective shell 4. The reinforcement 41 can support the protective shell 4 and the limiting shell 5, thereby improving the strength of the outside of the protective shell 4, thereby reducing the deformation caused by the inner and outer sides of the protective shell 4 being subjected to force.

[0065] The method of use and working principle of the device are as follows: first, the overhead cable to be inspected is passed through the gap between the two sets of guide wheel assemblies 61 and the pressing plate 6, and then through the cavity surrounded by the three arc-shaped pieces 64, so that the cable passes through the limiting shell 5 and the protective shell 4 in sequence, and then the protective shell 4 is moved to the side close to the limiting shell 5, and the side of the extension plate 43 is engaged with the protective shell 4, and then the positioning piece 42 is inserted at the engagement point between the extension plate 43 and the limiting shell 5 to fix it, and the threaded rod 51 is rotated on one side of the limiting shell 5 to make the clamping plate 52 approach the fixed plate 53, until The chuck 52 and the fixed disk 53 clamp and fix the cable. At this time, the cable inside the protective shell 4 can pass through the coil of the Rogowski coil sensor 48, and the outer ring surface of the cable is overlapped with the voltage sensor 44. At this time, the use of the fixed block 47 and the Rogowski coil sensor 48 can be controlled by the external control terminal. The current and voltage of the cable can be detected by the Rogowski coil sensor 48 and the fixed block 47 respectively. The fiber grating sensor 54 is installed inside the limit shell 5. The fiber grating sensor 54 can detect the temperature change of the cable, thereby completing the temperature detection;

[0066] The fixed block 47 and the Rogowski coil sensor 48 are processed by the sensor optimization module 11, and then the traveling wave signal is amplified and filtered by the signal auxiliary module 12, and the processed signal is transmitted to the data acquisition module 13, and then transmitted to the local discharge detection unit 2 and the fault detection processing unit 3 respectively by the data acquisition module 13, and the local discharge detection unit 2 is used to detect whether there is local discharge in the current cable. If there is local discharge, the cable data is collected by the data acquisition module 31, and then the data is quickly processed by the data processing module 32, and the algorithm optimization module 33 uses the algorithm to perform multi-dimensional analysis and feature extraction on the signal, and the algorithm parameters are adjusted according to the extraction results, and the adjusted signal data are fused and synchronized, and the auxiliary fault detection module 34 determines the fault, and according to the determination result, it is reserved to the control terminal through the early warning and positioning module 35, and the fault point is accurately located.

[0067] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A diagnostic device suitable for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines, characterized in that: It comprises a detection data acquisition unit (1), a partial discharge detection unit (2) and a fault detection processing unit (3); The detection data acquisition unit (1) is used to acquire monitoring data of the processed cable in the current detection area, including voltage, current and temperature; The local discharge detection unit (2) is used to detect the cable discharge condition in the current area using a high-frequency current method; The fault detection processing unit (3) is used to detect whether there is a fault in the overhead cable and to quickly locate the fault; The detection data acquisition unit (1) comprises a sensor optimization module (11), a signal auxiliary module (12) and a data acquisition module (13); the sensor optimization module (11) is used to select different types of traveling wave sensors according to the type and grade of the cable, and optimize the installation of the sensor using a connection mechanism; The signal auxiliary module (12) is used to amplify the traveling wave signal through a signal amplification circuit, and filter the processed signal to remove noise and interference signals; The data acquisition module (13) is used to acquire signal data processed in the signal auxiliary module (12), and transmit the data to the partial discharge detection unit (2) and the fault detection processing unit (3); The protective housing (4) further comprises a protective shell (4), the inner wall of which is connected to a voltage sensor (44) and a Rogowski coil sensor (48) by means of bolts, one side of the protective shell (4) being fixedly connected to an extension plate (43), one side of the extension plate (43) being engaged with a limit housing (5), a fiber optic grating sensor (54) being inserted into the limit housing (5), and a positioning member (42) being inserted into the connection between the extension plate (43) and the limit housing (5), one side of the positioning member (42) being provided with a limit mechanism, the limit mechanism comprising a fixed plate (53), a pressing plate (6) and a guide tube (63), one side of the fixed plate (53) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limit housing (5), and the limit housing (5) being screwed into the extension plate (43) and the limit housing (5). A threaded rod (51) is connected, one end of the threaded rod (51) is fixedly connected to a chuck (52), one side of the guide tube (63) is fixedly connected to the protective shell (4), the inner annular surface of the guide tube (63) is connected to an arc-shaped sheet (64) via a spring, and one side of the arc-shaped sheet (64) is provided with two groups of guide wheel assemblies (61), one side of the guide wheel assembly (61) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (4), and the other side of the guide wheel assembly (61) is fixedly connected to the limit shell (5), one side of the guide wheel assembly (61) is overlapped with a pressing plate (6), and a connecting plate is installed on the top of the pressing plate (6) via a spring, and the connecting plate is respectively fixedly connected to the protective shell (4) and the limit shell (5).

2. The diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fault detection processing unit (3) comprises a data acquisition module (31), a data processing module (32), an algorithm optimization module (33), a fault detection module (34) and an early warning and positioning module (35); The data acquisition module (31) is used to acquire the traveling wave signal data in the data acquisition module (13); The data processing module (32) is used to perform multi-dimensional analysis on the traveling wave signal using an algorithm, and to extract characteristic information of the traveling wave signal according to set keywords.

3. The diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The algorithm optimization module (33) is used to adjust multiple parameters of the algorithm, fuse and synchronously process the adjusted signal data, and then optimize after processing; The algorithm optimization module (33) comprises a parameter adjustment module (331), a data fusion module (332), a clock synchronization module (333) and an identification optimization module (334); The parameter adjustment module (331) is used to automatically identify the mode and characteristics of the traveling wave signal using a neural network algorithm, and adjust the network structure, learning rate and number of training times according to the identification result; The data fusion module (332) is used to fuse the traveling wave signals obtained by multiple sensors of different types or at different locations through a weighted average algorithm, and then further fuse and analyze the fused signals with other monitoring data of the cable to evaluate the current operating status of the cable.

4. The diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The clock synchronization module (333) uses a satellite clock as a clock source and synchronizes the clocks between multiple modules through clock synchronization technology; The identification optimization module (334) is used to establish a feature database of reflected waves at fault points, extract the features of reflected waves using a machine learning algorithm and match them with the feature database pattern, and perform automatic identification and classification of reflected waves.

5. The diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fault detection module (34) is used to integrate the data in the algorithm optimization module (33) to determine whether there is a fault in the cable in the current area, and if there is a fault, quickly send out a fault signal; The early warning and positioning module (35) is used to receive the fault signal from the fault detection module (34), issue an early warning to the control terminal according to the fault signal, and locate the cable fault by using a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement method.

6. The diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to claim 4, characterized in that: When using machine learning algorithms for automatic identification and classification of reflected waves, the following are also included: S1. Select a machine learning model: Use a convolutional neural network with a supervised learning algorithm to automatically extract the features of the traveling wave signal; S2. Model construction and training: Construct a machine learning model, train the selected machine learning model with the labeled traveling wave signal data, divide the data into a training set and a validation set, and minimize the loss function of the model on the training set by adjusting the model parameters; Among them, the relevant expressions of the machine learning model are as follows: ； In the formula, is the weight matrix from the input layer to the hidden layer, The weight matrix from the hidden layer to the output layer, f is the activation function, is the bias term of the hidden layer, t is the activation function of the output layer, is the bias term of the output layer; S3. Model optimization: Apply the trained model to actual traveling wave signal monitoring to automatically identify and classify reflected waves. Based on the feedback results from actual applications, the model optimization is completed by increasing the amount of data, improving feature extraction methods, and adjusting model structure and parameters.

7. The diagnostic device for early warning and positioning of overhead cable faults in power transmission lines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A built-in rod (46) is slidably connected to one side of the inner wall of the protective shell (4), a buffer rod (45) is fixedly connected between the two built-in rods (46), a fixed block (47) is fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the buffer rod (45), one side of the fixed block (47) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (4), and one side of the outer wall of the protective shell (4) is fixedly connected to a reinforcing member (41), and one end of the reinforcing member (41) is snap-connected to the limiting shell (5).

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