Virtual power plant operation method and system considering carbon capture device

Abstract

The invention discloses a virtual power plant operation method and system considering a carbon capture device, and belongs to the field of low-carbon economic dispatching of virtual power plants. The method comprises the following steps: proposing a metering method for direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission of a virtual power plant system, and establishing a carbon emission model of a virtual power plant; based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, introducing a carbon capture device, and constructing a net carbon transaction cost model; constructing a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model based on the net carbon transaction cost model under the carbon perspective; on the basis of the virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model, a low-carbon economic dispatching model is constructed with the purpose of optimizing the comprehensive cost of power generation, wind and light power generation, demand side dispatching, carbon transaction and power transaction of a power plant containing a carbon capture device; and using a Cplex solver to carry out optimization solution on the objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatching model. According to the virtual power plant operation method, the economic operation target of the virtual power plant can be achieved, the carbon emission in the system is remarkably reduced, and low-carbon economic operation of the virtual power plant is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of low-carbon economic dispatching of virtual power plants, and specifically relates to a virtual power plant operation method and system taking into account a carbon capture device. Background Art

[0002] Virtual power plants are an effective technical carrier and business model for managing and fully utilizing distributed power sources, flexible adjustable loads, and distributed energy storage. They play a positive and significant role in calling flexible load resources, improving system operation efficiency, and ensuring grid supply. In addition, carbon emission reduction is an important task in the current power energy sector, and the management of carbon assets is a new proposition that energy companies must pay great attention to.

[0003] The construction and operation of traditional virtual power plants are often considered from the perspective of electricity supply and demand balance, and there is a lack of examination of virtual power plants from a "carbon" perspective. Virtual power plants have excellent energy-saving and emission reduction effects, but they involve massive user assets and participate in the operation and scheduling of large systems. In this process, incorporating virtual power plants from a carbon perspective has important theoretical research value and practical engineering application value. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a virtual power plant operation method and system taking into account a carbon capture device, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for operating a virtual power plant taking into account a carbon capture device comprises the following steps:

[0007] Propose a method for measuring direct and indirect carbon emissions of virtual power plant systems and establish a carbon emission model for virtual power plants;

[0008] Based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, a carbon capture device is introduced to construct a net carbon transaction cost model;

[0009] From a carbon perspective, a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model is constructed based on the net carbon transaction cost model;

[0010] Based on the virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is constructed with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive costs of power generation, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading in power plants with carbon capture devices:

[0011] The objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model is optimized using Matlab's Cplex solver.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon emission model expression of the virtual power plant is:

[0013] E C =E p +E U

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, E C is the carbon emissions of the virtual power plant, E p is the carbon emission of the gas turbine with carbon capture device, E U Carbon emissions generated by grid interaction; P i，t is the total power of gas generator set i during period t; β i，t is the carbon capture efficiency of unit i in period t; δ i is the carbon emission intensity of unit i; is the unit power carbon emission coefficient of the power grid; is the power of interaction between the virtual power plant and the grid at time t; N GT is the number of gas turbines with carbon capture devices; T is a certain carbon measurement time period of the virtual power plant.

[0016] Furthermore, the net carbon transaction cost model is expressed as:

[0017] F C，t =F K，t -F Co2，t

[0018] F K，t =K CO2 (E c -E q )

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, F C，t is the net carbon transaction cost, F K，t is the carbon trading cost, F Co2，t The income from selling CO2; K CO2 is the reward or penalty amount per unit of carbon emissions; CO2，t is the price at which the captured carbon is sold; N GT is the total number of gas turbines; T and λ U are the carbon quota coefficients of gas turbines and power grids respectively; E q is the system carbon quota, is the power generation of the nth gas turbine at time t; is the power of interaction between VPP and the power grid at time t. Furthermore, the economic operation cost calculation model of the virtual power plant is expressed as:

[0021] F=FD，t +F C，t -F P，t

[0022]

[0023] Where F is the economic operation cost of the virtual power plant, FD,t is the dispatching cost of the virtual power plant, and F C，t is the net carbon transaction cost, F P，t is the income from electricity trading; where, is the demand-side dispatch cost, is the power generation cost of the gas turbine unit, The cost of wind and solar power generation is is the operating cost of the carbon capture device, The cost of energy storage; and are the electricity purchase and sales at time t respectively; and are the electricity purchase price and electricity sales price at time t respectively; is the total load of the system at time t.

[0024] Furthermore, the demand-side dispatch cost for:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, α DR , β DR、 γ DR is the scheduling coefficient;

[0027] The gas turbine power generation cost for:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, σ i , b i 、c i is the fuel cost coefficient of gas generator set i;

[0030] In the formula, is the wind power generation in period t; is the photovoltaic power generation in period t; is the amount of wind and solar power abandoned in period t;

[0031] The energy storage cost for:

[0032]

[0033] Where: ε is a state variable representing 0 or 1; is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at time t; is the unit operating cost of the energy storage device; when the energy storage device is charged, ε=1; when the energy storage device is discharging, ε=0;

[0034] The operating cost of the carbon capture device The calculation formula is:

[0035] P c =P f +P o

[0036] P o，t =δ i λ GE β t P t

[0037]

[0038] Where P c is the capture energy consumption of the carbon capture system, P f is the basic energy consumption, P o is the operating energy consumption; i is the emission intensity of CO2 being processed; GE β is the operating energy consumption required to process unit CO2; t is the carbon capture rate; P t is the total output of the gas turbine at time t; is the operating cost coefficient of carbon capture equipment.

[0039] Furthermore, the objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model is:

[0040] F min =F D，t +F C，t -F P，t .

[0041] A virtual power plant operation system considering a carbon capture device, comprising:

[0042] Carbon emission model building module: proposes a method for measuring direct and indirect carbon emissions of a virtual power plant system and establishes a carbon emission model for a virtual power plant;

[0043] Net carbon transaction cost model construction module: based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, a carbon capture device is introduced to construct a net carbon transaction cost model;

[0044] Operation cost calculation model construction module: from a carbon perspective, based on the net carbon transaction cost model, a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model is constructed;

[0045] Low-carbon economic dispatch model construction module: Based on the virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is constructed with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive cost of power generation, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading of power plants containing carbon capture devices;

[0046] And, model solving module: use Matlab's Cplex solver to optimize the objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model.

[0047] A computer storage medium stores a readable program, which can execute the above-mentioned virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device when the program is running.

[0048] An electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus;

[0049] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned virtual power plant operation method considering the carbon capture device.

[0050] A computer program product includes computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions instruct a computing device to execute operations corresponding to the above-mentioned method for operating a virtual power plant considering a carbon capture device.

[0051] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0052] The present invention proposes a method for measuring direct and indirect carbon emissions of a virtual power plant system, constructs a model for calculating the economic operation cost of a virtual power plant, and constructs a low-carbon economic dispatch model with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive costs of power generation in a power plant containing a carbon capture device, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading. The dispatch model is then solved to achieve the economic operation goals of the virtual power plant, significantly reduce carbon emissions in the system, and realize low-carbon economic operation of the virtual power plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0054] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the virtual power plant operation method of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a diagram of wind and solar power generation consumption in scenario 1 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a diagram of wind and solar power generation consumption in scenario 2 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a diagram of wind and solar power generation consumption in scenario 3 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a diagram of wind and solar power generation consumption in scenario 4 of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of carbon emissions of virtual power plants with and without carbon capture devices in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A method for operating a virtual power plant taking into account a carbon capture device comprises the following steps:

[0064] S1, propose a method to measure direct and indirect carbon emissions of virtual power plant systems and establish a carbon emission model for virtual power plants;

[0065] In the virtual power plant structure including wind power, photovoltaics, carbon capture system, gas turbine, and energy storage equipment, the direct carbon emissions mainly include: carbon emissions of gas turbines with carbon capture devices E p , Carbon emissions from grid interaction E U ,in:

[0066]

[0067] Where: P i，t is the total power of gas generator set i during period t; β i，t is the carbon capture efficiency of unit i in period t; δ i is the carbon emission intensity of unit i; is the unit power carbon emission coefficient of the power grid; is the power of interaction between the virtual power plant and the grid at time t; N GT is the number of gas turbines with carbon capture devices; T is a certain carbon measurement time period of the virtual power plant.

[0068] Construct a carbon emission model for a virtual power plant and calculate the carbon emissions E of the virtual power plant C as follows:

[0069] E C =E p +E U (3)

[0070] In order to accurately measure carbon emissions in the system and avoid the problem of repeated measurement of carbon emissions, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol proposes the concepts of carbon emission scopes 1, 2, and 3. For a system where resources are dispatched by a virtual power plant, the system carbon emissions are divided into three parts: scope 1: direct greenhouse gas emissions; scope 2: indirect greenhouse gas emissions from electricity; scope 3: other indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Among them, the carbon emissions in scope 1 come from emission sources owned or controlled within the system, which can be directly calculated by the measurement method of direct carbon emissions. Scope 2 emissions refer to indirect emissions related to the transfer of electricity and heat consumed by activities within the system boundary, that is, the indirect carbon emissions of virtual power plants that need to be considered. Transfer-in refers to the transfer from outside the system boundary to inside the boundary, and the relevant energy is used for internal consumption. Transfer-out refers to the transfer from inside the system boundary to outside the boundary. Net transfer-in refers to the amount of transfer-in minus the amount of transfer-out.

[0071] When measuring indirect carbon emissions, it is necessary to avoid the problem of double counting. For example, for an electricity producer, scope 1 emissions can be counted as scope 2 emissions of the electricity end user, so it is not possible to claim ownership of scope 1 or scope 2 at the same time. For virtual power plants, different accounting systems need to calculate different carbon emission scopes: if only accounting is done for power producers, there is only scope 1; if only accounting is done for the user side, there is only scope 2; if it is for a system composed of power producers and users, there is only scope 1, because at this time the power supply is also within the system and can only be considered as direct carbon emissions. This calculation method avoids the problem of double counting. When the virtual power plant outputs power to the outside, the carbon emissions that the accounting unit needs to measure belong to scope 1; when the virtual power plant needs to take power from the outside, that is, for a load-type virtual power plant, the carbon emissions caused by its use of external power belong to scope 2. Both scopes 1 and 2 need to be considered when measuring carbon.

[0072] S2, based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, introduce a carbon capture device to build a net carbon transaction cost model;

[0073] Considering virtual power plants from a carbon perspective, carbon capture devices are used to reduce carbon emissions. After the carbon capture device is turned on, most of the CO2 emissions generated by the unit are captured by the carbon capture equipment, and the remaining CO2 that cannot be fully captured due to power limitations will be discharged outside the system.

[0074] System Carbon Quota Eq as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where: N GT is the total number of gas turbines; T and λ U are the carbon quota factors for gas turbines and the power grid, respectively; is the power generation of the nth gas turbine at time t; is the interaction power between VPP and the grid at time t.

[0077] When carbon emissions are higher than the carbon quota, a corresponding penalty cost needs to be paid, and when carbon emissions are lower than the carbon quota, a corresponding reward profit can be obtained. The carbon trading cost obtained in this process is F K，t In a system containing a carbon capture device, the carbon captured by the carbon capture device can participate in the carbon market, and the income from selling carbon dioxide is F CO2，t . Net carbon transaction cost F C，t (i.e., net carbon transaction cost model) can be expressed as:

[0078] F C，t =F K，t -F CO2，t (5)

[0079] In the formula, F C，t is the net carbon transaction cost, F K，t is the carbon trading cost, F CO2，t Proceeds from selling CO2.

[0080] The carbon emission can be calculated by formula (1), (2), (3) as E c , calculated by formula (4), the carbon quota is E q , carbon trading cost F K，t for:

[0081] F K，t =K CO2 (E c -E q ) (6)

[0082] Where: K CO2 is the reward or penalty amount per unit of carbon emissions, in RMB / kg; c ≥E q When F C，t represents the goal of minimizing the system carbon trading cost; when E c <E q When F C，t It is expressed as the goal of maximizing carbon trading revenue. Maximizing revenue can be equivalent to minimizing negative costs.

[0083] The profit from selling CO2 is calculated as:

[0084]

[0085] Where: CO2，t The price of the captured carbon sold, unit: Yuan / kg.

[0086] S3, from a carbon perspective, based on the net carbon transaction cost model, a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model is constructed;

[0087] The economic operation cost calculation model of virtual power plant is expressed as:

[0088] F=F D，t +F C，t -F P，t (8)

[0089] Where F is the economic operation cost of the virtual power plant, F D，t is the virtual power plant dispatch cost, F C，t is the net carbon transaction cost, F P，t For electricity trading income.

[0090] Virtual power plant dispatch cost F D，t The calculation formula is:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, is the demand-side dispatch cost, is the power generation cost of the gas turbine unit, The cost of wind and solar power generation is is the operating cost of the carbon capture device, The cost of energy storage.

[0093] (1) Demand-side dispatch costs

[0094] Users sign an agreement with the power grid and, as a distributed resource of a virtual power plant, adjust their own electricity consumption behavior according to demand, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the power system. It can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] Where: α DR , β DR , γ DR is the scheduling factor.

[0097] (2) Gas turbine power generation cost

[0098] Gas turbines are the main source of carbon emissions. Their operating costs are related to their output. It can be expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] Where: α i , b i 、c i is the fuel cost coefficient of gas generator set i.

[0101] (3) Wind and solar power generation costs

[0102] As a clean energy power generation, wind and solar power generation is an effective way to generate zero carbon emissions. Improving the effective absorption of wind and solar power is an important goal of the green economic development of virtual power plants. However, considering the instability and cost of wind and solar power generation, when there is an excess of installed capacity of renewable energy, wind and solar power will be abandoned to ensure the stability of the power grid. In terms of electricity, virtual power plants do not require fuel costs, and the marginal cost of wind and solar power is zero. In the virtual power plant model established in this article, with a scheduling cycle of 24 hours, the cost of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation can be ignored.

[0103] Among them, the wind and solar power generation power balance formula is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] Where: is the wind power generation in period t; is the photovoltaic power generation in period t; is the amount of wind and solar power abandoned during period t.

[0106] (4) Energy storage costs

[0107] Distributed energy storage in virtual power plants can play the role of "peak shaving and valley filling", converting electrical energy into chemical energy, mechanical energy and other forms of energy when not needed, and releasing it when needed to meet electricity demand. In a virtual power plant system that includes wind and solar power generation, considering the uncertainty of wind and solar power generation, complete energy storage equipment is required to ensure the power balance of the system. Energy storage cost It can be expressed as:

[0108]

[0109] Where: ε is a state variable representing 0 or 1; is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at time t; is the unit operating cost of the energy storage device. When the energy storage device is charged, ε=1; when the energy storage device is discharging, ε=0.

[0110] (5) Operating costs of carbon capture equipment

[0111] Capture energy consumption of carbon capture system P c Divided into basic energy consumption P f And operating energy consumption P o , the basic energy consumption has nothing to do with the operating state of the carbon capture equipment and is a fixed value; the operating energy consumption will change with the operating state of the unit and is positively correlated with the CO2 capture amount. The capture energy consumption of the carbon capture system at time t is P o，t .

[0112] P c =p f +P o (14)

[0113] P o，t =δ i λ GE β t P t (15)

[0114]

[0115] Where: i is the emission intensity of CO2 being processed; GE β is the operating energy consumption required to process unit CO2; t is the carbon capture rate; P t is the total output of the gas turbine at time t; is the operating cost coefficient of carbon capture equipment.

[0116] In order to achieve the "zero carbon" goal, clean energy power generation is becoming more and more widespread. Virtual power plants rationally dispatch clean energy power generation, reducing the number of thermal power units required to operate in the virtual power plant system. Due to the uncertainty of wind and solar power generation, it is necessary to minimize the phenomenon of wind and solar power abandonment caused by the minimum output of thermal power units. The existence of wind and solar power abandonment directly affects the development of wind and solar clean energy power generation. In a power system, if the amount of wind and solar power abandonment is reduced, it is equivalent to increasing the effective utilization of wind and solar power. In order to maintain power balance, the total output P of the external gas turbine in the system t As a result, the “scope 1” carbon emissions within the virtual power plant are reduced. Assume that the initial carbon emissions are E C0 , the carbon emission reduction at time t ΔE C , calculate E C0 -ΔE C Get the actual carbon emissions E of the virtual power plant C From this, the total output P of the system gas turbine at time t can be calculatedt :

[0117] P t =E C / EF (17)

[0118] Where: EF is the carbon emission factor of the power system.

[0119] In a virtual power plant, there are gas turbine units, wind power generation, and photovoltaic power generation. In the process of interacting with the power grid, there are behaviors of purchasing or selling electricity, and the virtual power plant dispatches the demand side response. In order to improve the utilization rate of wind and solar power, it is necessary to change the internal power generation structure. However, due to the constraints of the cost of virtual power plants, it is impossible to fully absorb new energy, and there will inevitably be problems with carbon emissions. In virtual power plants with carbon capture devices, although there is still a problem of low new energy absorption rate, carbon emissions can be reduced to a certain extent.

[0120] Electricity trading income F P，t :

[0121] The virtual power plant is connected to the power grid and can provide a variety of services to the power grid. In the process of interacting with the power grid, there is a process of purchasing or selling electricity from the power grid. The interactive income FP,t between the virtual power plant and the power grid can be expressed as:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, and are the electricity purchase and sales at time t respectively; and are the purchase price and sales price of electricity at time t respectively.

[0124] S4, based on the economic operation cost calculation model of the virtual power plant, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is constructed with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive cost of carbon capture device operation, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading;

[0125] The objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model is:

[0126] F min =F D，t +F C，t -F P，t (19)

[0127] S5, uses Matlab's Cplex solver to optimize the objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model.

[0128] The constraints when solving with Cplex include:

[0129] (1) Virtual power plant power constraints:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, is the total load of the system at time t;

[0132] (2) Constraints of carbon capture device:

[0133]

[0134] Where: is the maximum operating energy consumption of the carbon capture device at time t; P t is the output of the thermal power unit at time t; and are the actual consumption of wind turbines and photovoltaic turbines at time t respectively.

[0135] (3) Constraints of gas turbine power generation:

[0136]

[0137] Where: and are the minimum output power and maximum output power of the i-th unit at time t respectively.

[0138] (4) Wind power and photovoltaic constraints:

[0139]

[0140] (5) Energy storage charging and discharging constraints:

[0141]

[0142] Where: and They are respectively the minimum power limit and maximum power limit of the energy storage device.

[0143] (6) Demand-side response constraints:

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] Where: is the upper limit of demand response output in period t; It is the dispatchable demand response amount within the dispatch period.

[0147] (7) Grid interaction power constraints:

[0148]

[0149] Where: The maximum power provided to the grid.

[0150] In addition, based on similar inventive concepts, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium storing a readable program, which, when executed, can execute the above-mentioned method for operating a virtual power plant taking into account a carbon capture device.

[0151] Based on similar inventive concepts, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus;

[0152] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform the above-mentioned operation of the virtual power plant operation method considering the carbon capture device.

[0153] Based on similar inventive concepts, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which instruct a computing device to execute operations corresponding to the above-mentioned method for operating a virtual power plant considering a carbon capture device.

[0154] Example 2

[0155] In this embodiment, the effectiveness of the virtual power plant operation method of the present invention is verified through specific cases;

[0156] The distributed resources aggregated by the virtual power plant include distributed wind turbines, photovoltaic units, gas turbine units with carbon capture devices, demand-side resources, energy storage equipment, and electricity loads.

[0157] When calculating carbon trading, set the parameter values: carbon capture efficiency β is 0.88; the carbon emission intensity δ of the unit is i Take 0.76t / MWh, that is, 0.76kg / kWh; the carbon emission quota of the power grid λ U Take 0.877kg / kWh; carbon emission quota of gas turbine unit λ T is 0.156kg / kWh; the carbon trading price K CO2 Take 0.252 yuan / kg; the price of selling carbon dioxide ω CO2，t Take 0.08 yuan / kg. The carbon emission factor within 24 hours is as follows, in units of kg / KWh.

[0158] [0.91, 0.95, 0.98 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.91 0.92 0.97 0.97 0.89 0.91 0.930.95 0.92 0.94 0.99 0.95 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.90].

[0159] When calculating electricity transactions, the maximum limit of interaction between the virtual power plant and the power grid shall not exceed 5000KW. The electricity sales price and electricity purchase price for interaction with the power grid within 24 hours are set as follows, and the unit is: Yuan / KW.

[0160] Electricity purchase price: [0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.82 0.820.82 0.82 0.8 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.82 0.82 0.53 0.53 0.53].

[0161] Electricity selling price: [0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.65 0.650.65 0.65 0.65 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.65 0.65 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42].

[0162] When calculating the dispatch cost, the maximum value of the demand response shall not exceed 0.1 times the system load; the cost coefficient of DR dispatch α DR , β DR , γ DR Take 0.98 yuan per MW -2 ·h -1 , 28.2 yuan·MW -1 ·h -1 , 360.1 yuan / h; unit operating cost of energy storage equipment Take 0.4 yuan / kW; the operating energy consumption required to process unit CO2 λ GE Take 0.23MWh / t, or 0.23kWh / kg; Carbon capture equipment operating cost coefficient Take 0.15 yuan / KW.

[0163] Assume that there are four gas turbine units with carbon capture devices in the system, the upper limit of the unit output is 5000KW, and the lower limit is 1KW. Their parameters are set as follows:

[0164] GT1, GT2, GT3, GT4 i 、b i 、c i They are 0.0514, 160.55, 10234.5; 0.0514, 160.55, 10234.5; 0.1197, 189.77, 8078.3; 0.0266, 191.23, 26355.1

[0169] The installed capacity of wind turbines and photovoltaic units is 2MW, and the standard deviations of wind power output, photovoltaic output and load forecast errors are set to 10%, 10% and 5% of the predicted values, respectively. The unit power generation cost of wind power is 0.6 yuan / KW, the unit power generation cost of photovoltaic power is 0.3 yuan / KW, and the unit cost of wind and solar abandonment is 0.6 yuan / KW. The code for generating uncertain scenarios based on hypercube sampling is random because the number of generated scenarios is relatively small, and it is necessary to run it several times to find the most ideal scenario to make the results meet expectations.

[0170] Set up low-carbon operation of virtual power plants under different scenarios, and compare carbon emissions, carbon trading costs, new energy consumption rate, total cost and the power generation cost of each internal component.

[0171] Scenario 1: No demand response and no carbon capture device for gas turbine units.

[0172] Scenario 2: Considering demand response and not considering the carbon capture device of the gas turbine unit.

[0173] Scenario 3: Without considering demand response, the carbon capture device of the gas turbine unit is considered.

[0174] Scenario 4: Considering demand response and carbon capture equipment for gas turbine units.

[0175] The calculation data results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0176] Table 1 Carbon emissions of virtual power plants

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] Table 2 Economic operation costs of virtual power plants

[0180]

[0181] Results Analysis

[0182] Figure 2-Figure 5The consumption of wind and solar power generation in different scenarios is shown in detail. Since photovoltaic power can only generate electricity during the day, wind power generation from 8:00 to 19:00 is less than that at other times. The unit power generation cost of wind power is higher than that of photovoltaic power. Therefore, under the same conditions, in order to minimize the operating cost of the virtual power plant, photovoltaic power generation will be considered first.

[0183] Scenario 2 and Scenario 4 take into account demand-side response. From the data in Table 1, we can see that the output of the gas turbine in Scenario 2 is 14.55MW less than that in Scenario 1, and the output of the gas turbine in Scenario 4 is 2.67MW less than that in Scenario 3. After the introduction of demand response, the output of the gas unit is reduced. Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 take into account the carbon capture device. The more the gas turbine unit outputs, the more carbon dioxide is captured by the carbon capture device, and thus more carbon benefits can be obtained. Therefore, under the premise of the goal of economic operation of the virtual power plant, the output of the gas turbine unit increases, and accordingly, the output of wind and solar power generation decreases.

[0184] Comparing the data in Table 1, it can be seen that after the introduction of the carbon capture device, compared with Scenario 1, the system carbon emissions of Scenario 3 decreased by 71.6%, and the carbon quota decreased by 27.4%; compared with Scenario 2, the system carbon emissions of Scenario 4 decreased by 76.3%, and the carbon quota decreased by 38.2%. Both the carbon emissions and carbon quotas of the system are significantly reduced. In a system without a carbon capture device, the system carbon emissions can be directly calculated by formula (17). The carbon capture device captures the carbon dioxide generated in the system to prevent it from being discharged into the atmosphere, effectively reducing the system's carbon dioxide emissions. However, part of the output of the gas turbine in the system is provided to the carbon capture device, and its net output is reduced, and the allocated carbon quota is also reduced accordingly. By Figure 6 It can also be seen intuitively that when there is a carbon capture device, the overall carbon emissions of the virtual power plant are greatly reduced.

[0185] There are two ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere: one is to reduce the output of the gas turbine unit; the other is to use the carbon capture device to capture as much carbon dioxide as possible. The energy consumption required for the carbon capture device to work is provided by the gas turbine unit. If you want to reduce carbon emissions as much as possible, you need to provide more energy consumption for the carbon capture device. The more the output of the gas turbine unit, the greater the operating cost, but the captured carbon dioxide can participate in the carbon trading market to obtain carbon income. When the income reaches a certain value, it can compensate for the operating cost of the gas turbine and achieve the goal of economic operation of the virtual power plant. In addition, although the output of the gas turbine unit has increased, the carbon emissions have decreased, which can still achieve the effect of reducing carbon emissions.

[0186] When calculating the carbon trading cost, if the carbon emissions are higher than the carbon quota, a corresponding fine must be paid for the excess carbon emissions; if the system carbon emissions are lower than the carbon quota, the excess carbon quota can be sold to obtain carbon income. As shown in Table 1, the carbon trading costs calculated for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 are much greater than those for Scenario 3 and Scenario 4. This is because the presence of the carbon capture device greatly reduces the system's carbon emissions, and the reduction in carbon emissions is much higher than the reduction in carbon quotas, so the fines that need to be borne are reduced. In addition, the system containing the carbon capture device also has carbon income from selling the captured carbon, which effectively reduces the operating costs of the virtual power plant.

[0187] When calculating the carbon trading cost, if the carbon emissions are higher than the carbon quota, a corresponding fine must be paid for the excess carbon emissions; if the system carbon emissions are lower than the carbon quota, the excess carbon quota can be sold to obtain carbon income. As shown in Table 1, the carbon trading costs calculated for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 are much greater than those for Scenario 3 and Scenario 4. This is because the presence of the carbon capture device greatly reduces the system's carbon emissions, and the reduction in carbon emissions is much higher than the reduction in carbon quotas, so the fines that need to be borne are reduced. In addition, the system containing the carbon capture device also has carbon income from selling the captured carbon, which effectively reduces the operating costs of the virtual power plant.

[0188] As shown in Table 2, the total operating cost of the virtual power plant in scenario 2 is 1.88% higher than that in scenario 1, and the total operating cost of the virtual power plant in scenario 4 is 0.73% higher than that in scenario 3. The main function of demand-side response is to reduce the output of gas turbine units in the system, reduce some carbon emissions, and reduce the power generation cost of gas turbine units. However, the dispatch of demand-side response also requires costs, so the total cost will increase slightly.

[0189] Compared with Scenario 1, the total operating cost of the virtual power plant in Scenario 3 is 40.2% lower, and the electricity purchase cost is 65.8% lower; compared with Scenario 2, the total operating cost of the virtual power plant in Scenario 4 is 40.8% lower, and the electricity purchase cost is 87.3% lower. This is because Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 contain carbon capture devices, which increase the output of the gas turbine units. In order to maintain the balance of the system, the amount of electricity purchased from the grid is reduced, so the electricity purchase cost is reduced, and the carbon capture device itself requires costs to operate. The carbon capture device itself requires costs to operate, and the captured carbon can participate in the carbon trading market to make a profit. Overall, the operating costs of virtual power plants are reduced.

[0190] Based on the above analysis, if we want to reduce the operating costs of virtual power plants, from a carbon perspective, by combining the carbon market and selling carbon dioxide captured by carbon capture devices, it is possible to reduce emissions while also reducing economic operating costs. The system cost per unit of carbon emission reduction is negative, and low carbon is profitable, thus achieving low-carbon economic operation of virtual power plants.

[0191] Compared with the traditional model, the method of the present invention takes carbon as one of the operating considerations, considers incorporating some carbon reduction, low carbon, zero carbon and even negative carbon resources, and regards carbon assets as the content that the virtual power plant can make a profit from, thus realizing the buying and selling of excess carbon dioxide, reducing the operating costs of the virtual power plant, and effectively reducing carbon emissions in the virtual power plant, achieving negative carbon without limiting the cost. The case results show that under the joint action of demand-side response and carbon capture mechanism, the overall carbon emissions of the virtual power plant are reduced, the carbon trading income is increased, and the operating costs of the virtual power plant are reduced, thus realizing the low-carbon economic operation of the virtual power plant.

[0192] Example 3

[0193] In this embodiment, a virtual power plant operation system considering a carbon capture device is proposed, which specifically includes:

[0194] Carbon emission model building module: proposes a method for measuring direct and indirect carbon emissions of a virtual power plant system and establishes a carbon emission model for a virtual power plant;

[0195] Net carbon transaction cost model construction module: based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, a carbon capture device is introduced to construct a net carbon transaction cost model;

[0196] Operation cost calculation model construction module: from a carbon perspective, based on the net carbon transaction cost model, a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model is constructed;

[0197] Low-carbon economic dispatch model construction module: Based on the virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is constructed with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive cost of power generation, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading of power plants containing carbon capture devices;

[0198] And, model solving module: use Matlab's Cplex solver to optimize the objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model.

[0199] The method of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or as software or computer code that may be stored in a recording medium (such as a CDROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk, or magneto-optical disk), or as computer code that is originally stored in a remote recording medium or a non-temporary machine-readable medium downloaded over a network and will be stored in a local recording medium, so that the method described herein may be stored in such software processing on a recording medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware (such as an ASIC or FPGA). It is understood that a computer, processor, microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes a storage component (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc.) that can store or receive software or computer code, and when the software or computer code is accessed and executed by a computer, processor, or hardware, the method described herein is implemented. In addition, when a general-purpose computer accesses the code for implementing the method shown herein, the execution of the code converts the general-purpose computer into a dedicated computer for executing the method shown herein.

[0200] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A method for operating a virtual power plant taking into account a carbon capture device, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Propose a method for measuring direct and indirect carbon emissions of virtual power plant systems and establish a carbon emission model for virtual power plants; Based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, a carbon capture device is introduced to construct a net carbon transaction cost model; From a carbon perspective, a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model is constructed based on the net carbon transaction cost model; Based on the virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is constructed with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive costs of power generation, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading of power plants containing carbon capture devices; The objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model is optimized using Matlab's Cplex solver.

2. A virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission model expression of the virtual power plant is: AND C =And p +E U In the formula, E C is the carbon emissions of the virtual power plant, E p is the carbon emission of the gas turbine with carbon capture device, E U Carbon emissions generated by grid interaction; P i，t is the total power of gas generator set i during period t; β i，t is the carbon capture efficiency of unit i in period t; δ i is the carbon emission intensity of unit i; is the unit power carbon emission coefficient of the power grid; is the power of interaction between the virtual power plant and the grid at time t; N GT is the number of gas turbines with carbon capture devices; T is a certain carbon measurement time period of the virtual power plant.

3. A virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expression of the net carbon transaction cost model is: F C，t =F K，t -F CO2，t F K，t =K CO2 (E c -E q ) In the formula, F C，t is the net carbon transaction cost, F K，t is the carbon trading cost, F CO2，t The income from selling CO2; K CO2 is the reward or penalty amount per unit of carbon emissions; CO2，t is the price at which the captured carbon is sold; N GT is the total number of gas turbines; T and λ U are the carbon quota coefficients of gas turbines and power grids respectively; E q is the system carbon quota, is the power generation of the nth gas turbine at time t; is the interaction power between VPP and the grid at time t.

4. A virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The economic operation cost calculation model expression of the virtual power plant is: F=F D，t +F C，t -F P，t Where F is the economic operation cost of the virtual power plant, F D，t is the virtual power plant dispatch cost, F C，t is the net carbon transaction cost, F P，t is the income from electricity trading; where, is the demand-side dispatch cost, is the power generation cost of the gas turbine unit, The cost of wind and solar power generation is is the operating cost of the carbon capture device, The cost of energy storage; and are the electricity purchase and sales at time t respectively; and are the electricity purchase price and electricity sales price at time t respectively; is the total load of the system at time t.

5. A virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The demand side dispatch cost for: In the formula, α DR , β DR , γ DR is the scheduling coefficient; The gas turbine power generation cost for: In the formula, a i 、b i 、c i is the fuel cost coefficient of gas unit i; In the formula, is the wind power generation in period t; is the photovoltaic power generation in period t; is the amount of wind and solar power abandoned in period t; The energy storage cost for: Where: ε is a state variable representing 0 or 1; is the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at time t; is the unit operating cost of the energy storage equipment; When the energy storage device is charging, When the energy storage device is discharged, The operating cost of the carbon capture device The calculation formula is: P c =P f +P o P o,t =(δ i l GE b t P t Where P c is the capture energy consumption of the carbon capture system, P f is the basic energy consumption, P o is the operating energy consumption; i is the emission intensity of CO2 being processed; GE β is the operating energy consumption required to process unit CO2; t is the carbon capture rate; P t is the total output of the gas turbine at time t; is the operating cost coefficient of carbon capture equipment.

6. A virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model is: F min =F D,t +F c，t -F P,t 。 7. A virtual power plant operation system considering a carbon capture device, characterized in that: include: Carbon emission model building module: proposes a method for measuring direct and indirect carbon emissions of a virtual power plant system and establishes a carbon emission model for a virtual power plant; Net carbon transaction cost model construction module: based on the carbon emission model of the virtual power plant, a carbon capture device is introduced to construct a net carbon transaction cost model; Operation cost calculation model construction module: from a carbon perspective, based on the net carbon transaction cost model, a virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model is constructed; Low-carbon economic dispatch model construction module: Based on the virtual power plant economic operation cost calculation model, a low-carbon economic dispatch model is constructed with the goal of optimizing the comprehensive cost of power generation, wind and solar power generation, demand-side dispatch, carbon trading, and electricity trading of power plants containing carbon capture devices; And, model solving module: use Matlab's Cplex solver to optimize the objective function of the low-carbon economic dispatch model.

8. A computer storage medium storing a readable program, characterized in that: When the program is running, it can execute the virtual power plant operation method considering the carbon capture device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A processor, a memory, a communication interface and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory and the communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform operations corresponding to the virtual power plant operation method considering a carbon capture device according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, characterized in that: The computer instructions instruct the computing device to execute operations corresponding to the method for operating a virtual power plant considering a carbon capture device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images