Heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching
By designing a cardiac anatomical model for ECG teaching that can coordinate and control cardiac movement, neural signaling and ECG waveforms, the problem that existing models cannot show dynamic connections is solved, and more intuitive teaching effects and deeper student understanding is achieved. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411580718.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-07
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Existing cardiac anatomical models cannot effectively demonstrate the dynamic link between heartbeat movement, cardiac nerve signaling, and electrocardiogram generation, and a single model cannot demonstrate the detection position of the electrocardiogram lead electrode and its relationship with electrocardiogram formation.
A cardiac anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching was designed, and the dynamic connection between the heartbeat movement, cardiac nerve signaling and electrocardiogram waveforms were coordinated and controlled through the heartbeat controller of the heartbeat model component, and the lead was achieved by combining the fore-cardiogram model component. Display of the relationship between the electrode axis and the electrocardiogram.
It enhances the intuitiveness of teaching, enables students to intuitively observe the conduction process and results of cardiac electrical signals, and improves students' understanding and memory of cardiac anatomy, neural signaling paths and electrocardiogram waveform generation.
Smart Images
Figure CN119400062A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of teaching models, and in particular is a heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching. Background Art
[0002] Cardiac anatomy is an essential basic knowledge for teaching electrocardiogram. The heart is a complex muscular organ consisting of four chambers that are interconnected by valves to ensure the unidirectional flow of blood.
[0003] The electrocardiogram is an important means of recording changes in the electrical activity of the heart. During the electrocardiogram recording process, the electric vectors generated by myocardial cells during depolarization and repolarization will produce potential differences on the body surface. These potential differences are recorded by the electrocardiograph to form the electrocardiogram waveform. Under normal circumstances, the electrical activity of the heart originates from the sinoatrial node and quickly spreads throughout the heart along a specific conduction pathway, causing the heart to contract and relax rhythmically. In the teaching of electrocardiograms, understanding the distribution of nerve fibers in the heart and the direction of nerve signal conduction is crucial to understanding the mechanism of electrocardiogram generation. For example, the septal branch, as an important branch of the left bundle branch, directly affects the morphology of the QRS complex in the electrocardiogram through its course and innervation site. Therefore, the heart anatomical model needs to accurately reproduce these structures so that students can intuitively understand the relationship between the electrocardiogram and the anatomy of the heart.
[0004] With the continuous advancement of medical education technology, the heart anatomical model for ECG teaching is also constantly updated and improved. Modern heart anatomical models not only have a high degree of morphological realism, but can also combine multimedia and virtual reality technology to provide students with a more vivid and intuitive learning experience. However, due to the limitations of the internal structure, the existing heart anatomical model cannot well show the dynamic connection between the heart's heartbeat movement, cardiac nerve signal conduction and electrocardiogram generation, and a single heart anatomical model cannot show the relationship between the detection position of the ECG lead electrode and the formation of the ECG. For this reason, it is necessary to propose a heart anatomical model for ECG teaching that can intuitively show the dynamic connection between the heart's heartbeat movement, cardiac nerve signal conduction and the ECG waveform, and has an intuitive display of the lead electrode axial surface. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching, which coordinates and controls the heartbeat movement of the heart, synchronously displays the dynamic relationship between cardiac nerve signal conduction and electrocardiogram waveform through the heartbeat controller of the heartbeat model component, and realizes the display of the relationship between the lead electrode axis and the electrocardiogram through the front heart model component, thereby enhancing the intuitive teaching effect and improving students' understanding and memory of knowledge.
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching, comprising a base, an annular slide rail is provided on the base, a first bracket is fixedly connected to the base inside the annular slide rail, a heartbeat model component is fixedly connected to the first bracket, and the heartbeat model component is used to display the heart shape, the positive internal section, the contraction and relaxation of the left atrium, the right atrium, the left ventricle and the right ventricle during the heartbeat, and the conduction of cardiac nerve signals;
[0007] A second bracket is slidably connected to the annular slide rail, and a front heart model component is fixedly connected to the second bracket. The front heart model component is used to cooperate with the heartbeat model component to form a complete heart appearance model, showing the lead electrode lead axis plane and the position of detecting cardiac electrical activity during the heart beating process;
[0008] An electrocardiogram display component and an air pump are also fixedly connected to the base. The electrocardiogram display component is used to cooperate with the heartbeat model component to display the relationship between the heartbeat frequency and the conduction of cardiac nerve signals, and to cooperate with the front heart model component to display the formation process of the electrocardiogram; the air pump is used to provide the heartbeat model component with pneumatic power for contraction and relaxation during heartbeat.
[0009] The principle of the basic solution is: through the cooperation of the heartbeat model component with the electrocardiogram display component, the relationship between the heartbeat movement, cardiac nerve signal conduction and the electrocardiogram waveform can be dynamically displayed; through the cooperation of the front heart model component with the electrocardiogram display component, the function of displaying the relationship between the lead electrode lead axis and the electrocardiogram can be realized, thereby enhancing the intuitiveness of the teaching model.
[0010] The beneficial effects of the basic program are: 1. It breaks through the limitations of traditional static anatomical models, simulates the muscle movement of the heart beat through the heartbeat model component, and simultaneously displays the neural signal conduction process of the cardiac nerve fibers, so that students can intuitively observe the conduction process and results of cardiac electrical signals, enhancing students' understanding and memory.
[0011] 2. Directly linking the heart's anatomical structure, neural signal conduction pathways and electrocardiogram waveform generation, and synchronously and dynamically displaying the three processes, plays an important role in helping students understand the principle relationship between the three, and enhances the teaching effect of the heart anatomical model.
[0012] 3. This teaching model not only provides a dynamic visual display, but also enables user interaction with the model through the ECG display component. For example, students can select different ECG bands through the ECG display component, and the model will respond instantly and highlight or explain the selected content in detail, greatly improving learning participation and interest.
[0013] 4. The front heart model component is specifically used to show the lead axis plane of the lead electrodes and the position of detecting cardiac electrical activity during the heart beating process. This is crucial for students to understand the layout of the ECG lead system, the source of the ECG signals captured by each lead, and how they together form a complete ECG image. Through the model, students can intuitively see the position of different lead electrodes on the surface of the heart and how they record the electrical activity of different parts of the heart.
[0014] 5. Combined with the ECG display component, the front heart model component can dynamically display the formation process of the ECG. Students can understand the generation principle of each waveform on the ECG (such as P wave, QRS complex, T wave) and its relationship with the electrical activity of the heart by observing the changes in the simulated signals of the lead electrodes on the model. This dynamic display helps to deepen students' understanding of the meaning of the ECG waveform and improve their ability to interpret the ECG.
[0015] 6. The anterior heart model component is not only a teaching tool, but also a bridge connecting theory and practice. Through practical operations on the model, students can more intuitively experience the actual process of electrocardiogram examination and understand the application value of electrocardiogram in clinical diagnosis. This teaching method combining theory with practice helps to stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their learning effect.
[0016] Furthermore, the heartbeat model assembly as a whole is a forward cross-sectional model of a normal human heart, including a magnetic support, the magnetic support is fixedly connected to the first bracket, a pneumatic pipeline is arranged inside the magnetic support, the pneumatic pipeline is connected to the air pump, a plurality of first magnetic suction grooves and a plurality of magnetic interfaces are opened outside the magnetic support, the magnetic interfaces are all connected to the pneumatic pipeline, and the surface of the magnetic support without the magnetic interface is wrapped with a flexible material for simulating the texture of the heart;
[0017] The left atrium magnetic component, the right atrium magnetic component, the left ventricle magnetic component and the right ventricle magnetic component are adsorbed on the corresponding magnetic interface, and the left atrium magnetic component, the right atrium magnetic component, the left ventricle magnetic component and the right ventricle magnetic component are all provided with airbags simulating myocardial arrangement inside the myocardium away from the magnetic support, the left atrium airbag and the right atrium airbag are connected to the magnetic interface through the first electric air valve, and the left ventricle airbag and the right ventricle airbag are connected to the magnetic interface through the second electric air valve;
[0018] The mitral valve magnetic component, the tricuspid valve magnetic component and the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component are adsorbed on the corresponding first magnetic adsorption groove.
[0019] The beneficial effects of the basic program are: 1. Through the design of magnetic struts, the magnetic parts of important chambers of the heart such as the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, as well as important structures and nerve fibers such as valves, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, His bundle, left and right bundle branches and Purkinje fibers can be detachably connected to the magnetic struts by magnetic attraction, allowing students to disassemble various parts of the heart and independently observe structures such as the atria, ventricles, valves, and conduction systems, thereby increasing the flexibility of teaching. Students can choose different modules for in-depth research according to their learning needs.
[0020] 2. By inflating the airbag with an air pump, the contraction and relaxation of the myocardium can be simulated at the external myocardium made of flexible materials such as silicone in the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle, thereby showing the morphological changes and beating rhythm of a real heart beating, achieving a dynamic demonstration effect of the heart anatomical model, and making the mental exercise more intuitive and vivid.
[0021] Furthermore, a second magnetic suction groove is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the right atrium magnetic component near the superior vena cava, and the sinoatrial node magnetic component is adsorbed on the second magnetic suction groove.
[0022] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: the standard sinoatrial node position is positioned through the accurate position of the second magnetic suction groove, and the internodal bundle extending from the sinoatrial node magnetic part enters the right atrium from the cross-section of the right atrium magnetic part. The first LED light strip is also provided inside the internodal bundle, which can accurately locate the position of the sinoatrial node and display the process of nerve signals entering the internodal bundle from the sinoatrial node, making the nerve signal conduction process accurate and vivid.
[0023] Furthermore, a third magnetic suction groove is fixedly connected to the inside of the right atrium magnetic component near the tricuspid valve magnetic component, and the atrioventricular node magnetic component is adsorbed on the third magnetic suction groove.
[0024] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: the standard atrioventricular node position is positioned through the accurate position of the third magnetic suction groove, the His bundle extending from the atrioventricular node magnetic part extends from the inside of the right atrium magnetic part to the position of the atrioventricular bundle magnetic part, and a first LED light strip is installed inside the His bundle to accurately locate the position of the atrioventricular node and display the process of neural signals entering the His bundle from the atrioventricular node, making the neural signal conduction process accurate and vivid.
[0025] Furthermore, a first LED light strip is provided inside the sinoatrial node magnetic component, the atrioventricular node magnetic component and the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component along the direction of the nerve signal.
[0026] The beneficial effect of the basic solution is: the first LED light strip of different colors flashes sequentially in the translucent sinoatrial node magnetic component, atrioventricular node magnetic component and atrioventricular bundle magnetic component to simulate the conduction direction and conduction speed of the nerve signal. Based on the left and right bundle branches and Purkinje fibers in the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component, the nerve signal conduction path that can be displayed by the first LED light strip is roughly sinoatrial node-internodal bundle-atrioventricular node-His bundle-left and right bundle branches-Purkinje fibers, which can more completely display the nerve signal conduction path, and use dynamic color-different flashing LED signals to present dynamic nerve signal types and speeds, making the teaching model more expressive and complete.
[0027] Furthermore, the front heart model component includes a front heart cover-shaped member, which is fixedly connected to the second bracket, a horizontal panel for displaying the axial plane of the chest lead is fixedly connected to the outer side of the middle part of the front heart cover-shaped member, and a frontal panel for displaying the axial plane of the limb lead is fixedly connected to the outer side of the cross-sectional edge of the front heart cover-shaped member close to the heartbeat model component, and the horizontal panel and the frontal panel are made of transparent material.
[0028] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The horizontal panel fixedly connected to the outside of the middle part of the front heart cover is used to display the axial surface of the chest lead. This design allows students to intuitively see the layout and direction of the chest leads on the surface of the heart, which helps to understand how the chest leads capture the electrical activity of different parts of the heart. The frontal panel fixedly connected to the outside of the section edge near the heartbeat model component is used to display the axial surface of the limb leads. This further supplements the display of the lead system, allowing students to fully understand the complete layout of the ECG leads.
[0029] 2. The transparent horizontal and front panels allow students to clearly see the internal heartbeat model components. Especially when the heartbeat model components simulate the beating of the heart, students can observe how the heart's electrical signals are captured through different lead axis planes and converted into waveforms on the electrocardiogram. This intuitive visual experience helps deepen students' understanding of the electrocardiogram formation process.
[0030] Furthermore, an arc plate is vertically fixedly connected to the outer edge of the horizontal panel, and the arc plate is engraved with the name of the corresponding lead electrode at the position of the line connecting the chest lead electrode and the center of the heart. The horizontal panel is provided with a first straight groove at the position of the line connecting the lead electrode name and the center of the heart, and a second LED light strip is arranged in the first straight groove. The outer edge of the horizontal panel is provided with an arc groove parallel to the outer edge.
[0031] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The name of the corresponding chest lead electrode is engraved on the curved plate. This design directly identifies the connection position of each lead electrode on the surface of the heart. Such visual identification helps students quickly and accurately identify each chest lead electrode, avoiding confusion in learning and practice.
[0032] 2. The second LED light strip set in the first straight slot can be combined with the dynamic simulation of the heartbeat model component. When the heartbeat model component simulates the heartbeat, the LED light strip can emit light of corresponding colors to simulate the conduction process of the ECG signal. This dynamic demonstration effect not only makes the learning process more vivid and interesting, but also helps students to deeply understand the formation principle of the ECG and the conduction path of the ECG signal.
[0033] 3. By combining the names of the lead electrodes, the heart center and the visual and dynamic effects of the LED light strip, students can more intuitively understand the source and characteristics of the ECG signals captured by each lead electrode. This multi-sensory learning method helps deepen students' understanding and memory and improve learning outcomes.
[0034] 4. Students can focus on the LED strip demonstration of one or some lead electrodes according to their own learning progress and interests. For example, for students who have questions about a specific lead electrode, they can carefully observe the dynamic changes of the LED strip of the lead electrode to deepen their understanding of the lead electrode.
[0035] Furthermore, the names of corresponding lead electrodes are engraved on the outer edge of the forehead panel at the position of the line connecting the limb lead electrodes and the center of the heart, and a second straight-through groove is opened on the forehead panel at the position of the line connecting the lead electrode name and the center of the heart, and a third LED light strip is arranged in the second straight-through groove, and an annular groove parallel to the outer edge is opened on the outer edge of the forehead panel, and a fourth LED light strip is arranged in the arc groove and the annular groove, and the outer wall of the end panel of the first straight groove and the second straight groove away from the front heart cover-shaped part is engraved with arrow marks.
[0036] The benefits of the basic solution are: 1. The design with the corresponding lead electrode name enables students to clearly identify the connection position of each limb lead electrode on the surface of the heart. This clear identification helps students quickly locate and understand the source of the ECG signal captured by each lead electrode during the learning process.
[0037] 2. The third LED light strip set in the second straight slot is combined with the dynamic simulation of the heartbeat model component to simulate the conduction process of the ECG signal under the limb lead. When the heartbeat model component simulates the heartbeat, the LED light strip will emit light of the corresponding color, intuitively showing the path of the ECG signal from the heart to the limb lead electrode. This dynamic simulation helps students deeply understand the formation principle of the ECG and the conduction mechanism of the ECG signal.
[0038] 3. The flashing and color changes of the LED light strip add visual appeal to the teaching model, making the learning process more vivid and interesting. Students can perceive the conduction process of ECG signals by observing the dynamic changes of the LED light strip. This intuitive visual experience helps stimulate their interest and enthusiasm in learning.
[0039] 4. By observing the dynamic demonstration of the LED light strip on the forehead panel, students can combine theoretical knowledge with practical operations. They can simulate the process of electrocardiogram examination on the model and observe the changes of the LED light strip under different limb leads, thereby deepening their understanding of the principles and methods of electrocardiogram diagnosis.
[0040] Furthermore, the ECG display component includes a front heart controller and an ECG display terminal. The front heart controller is used to control the second LED light strip and the third LED light strip to cooperate with the operation of the ECG display terminal to display the relationship between the ECG part and the lead electrodes. The front heart controller is connected to the ECG display terminal, the second LED light strip, the third LED light strip and the fourth LED light strip signals.
[0041] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. The front heart controller can control the display status of the second and third LED light strips in real time, so that they change synchronously with the ECG waveform on the ECG display terminal. This real-time interactive function allows students to intuitively observe the correspondence between the ECG waveform and the lead electrode, and deepen their understanding. Through the coordination of the front heart controller, the ECG display terminal can synchronously display the ECG waveform, while the LED light strip simulates the conduction path of the ECG signal. This synchronous display method helps students combine the abstract ECG waveform with the specific anatomical position, forming a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding.
[0042] 2. The dynamic demonstration function of the LED light strip can simulate the conduction process of the ECG signal, so that students can intuitively see how the ECG signal is conducted from the heart to each lead electrode. This dynamic demonstration method helps to stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their participation. Through the control of the front heart controller, students can clearly see the changes in the ECG waveform under different lead electrodes on the ECG display terminal, so as to more intuitively understand the formation principle and diagnosis method of the ECG.
[0043] 3. When students encounter problems during learning, they can quickly locate the relevant lead electrodes and LED light strips through the front heart controller for targeted observation and analysis. This quick positioning function helps save learning time and improve learning efficiency.
[0044] Furthermore, a heartbeat controller is provided inside the magnetic support, and the heartbeat controller is connected to the air pump, the first electric air valve, the second electric air valve, the first LED light strip and the electrocardiogram display terminal signal. The heartbeat controller is used to coordinate and control the inflation frequency of the airbag, the flashing direction and speed of the first LED light strip, and the frequency and amplitude of the electrocardiogram displayed on the electrocardiogram display terminal.
[0045] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The heartbeat controller can accurately control the inflation frequency of the air pump to simulate the real heartbeat frequency. This precise control makes the simulated heartbeat process closer to the real situation, which helps students or observers better understand the beating law of the heart. By controlling the opening and closing of the first electric air valve and the second electric air valve, the heartbeat controller can adjust the inflation and exhaust volume of the airbag, further refining the precision and authenticity of the simulated heartbeat.
[0046] 2. The heartbeat controller is connected to the signal of the first LED light strip, so that the LED light strip can flash synchronously according to the heartbeat rhythm. This flashing not only enhances the visual effect of the simulated heartbeat, but also helps students to intuitively correspond the electrocardiogram waveform with the heartbeat process. The heartbeat controller can also adjust the flashing direction and speed of the LED light strip to simulate the electrocardiogram signal conduction path and speed changes under different circumstances, and improve students' observation and understanding abilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047] Figure 1 It is an axonometric view of the heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] Figure 2 It is a front view of the heartbeat model component in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional view of the heartbeat model assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0050] Figure 4 It is a front view of the front core model component in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0051] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. base; 2. annular slide rail; 3. front heart controller; 4. ECG display terminal; 5. second bracket; 6. front heart cover; 7. horizontal panel; 8. frontal panel; 9. air pump; 10. pneumatic pipeline; 11. left ventricle magnetic part; 12. mitral valve magnetic part; 13. atrioventricular bundle magnetic part; 14. left atrium magnetic part; 15. sinoatrial node magnetic part; 16. right atrium magnetic part; 17. atrioventricular node magnetic part; 18. tricuspid valve magnetic part; 19. magnetic support; 20. right ventricle magnetic part; 21. heartbeat controller; 22. second electric air valve; 23. air bag; 24. first electric air valve; 25. first LED light strip; 26. first bracket; 27. arc plate; 28. first straight groove; 29. arc groove; 30. annular groove; 31. second straight groove; 32. arrow mark. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
[0053] Example 1
[0054] Basically as attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: a heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching, comprising a base 1, an annular slide rail 2 is bolted to the base 1, a first bracket 26 is welded to the base 1 inside the annular slide rail 2, a heartbeat model component is installed on the first bracket 26, the heartbeat model component is used to show the heart shape, positive internal section, contraction and relaxation of the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle and right ventricle during heartbeat, and conduction of cardiac nerve signals, the heartbeat model component as a whole is a positive section model of a normal human heart, comprising a magnetic support 19, the magnetic support 19 is welded to the first bracket 26, a pneumatic pipeline 10 is laid inside the magnetic support 19, the pneumatic pipeline 10 is connected to the air pump 9, a plurality of first magnetic suction grooves and a plurality of magnetic interfaces are opened on the outside of the magnetic support 19, the magnetic interfaces are all connected to the pneumatic pipeline 10, and the surface of the magnetic support 19 without the magnetic interface is wrapped with a flexible material for simulating the texture of the heart;
[0055] The left atrium magnetic component 14, the right atrium magnetic component 16, the left ventricle magnetic component 11 and the right ventricle magnetic component 20 are adsorbed on the corresponding magnetic interface. The left atrium magnetic component 14, the right atrium magnetic component 16, the left ventricle magnetic component 11 and the right ventricle magnetic component 20 are all bonded with airbags 23 simulating myocardial arrangement inside the myocardium away from the magnetic support 19. The left atrium airbag 23 and the right atrium airbag 23 are connected to the magnetic interface through the first electric air valve 24, and the left ventricle airbag 23 and the right ventricle airbag 23 are connected to the magnetic interface through the second electric air valve 22.
[0056] The mitral valve magnetic component 12, the tricuspid valve magnetic component 18 and the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component 13 are adsorbed on the corresponding first magnetic suction groove, a second magnetic suction groove is opened on the outer surface of the right atrium magnetic component 16 near the superior vena cava, and the sinoatrial node magnetic component 15 is adsorbed on the second magnetic suction groove, and a third magnetic suction groove is opened inside the right atrium magnetic component 16 near the tricuspid valve magnetic component 18, and the atrioventricular node magnetic component 17 is adsorbed on the third magnetic suction groove, and the first LED light strip 25 is laid inside the sinoatrial node magnetic component 15, the atrioventricular node magnetic component 17 and the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component 13 along the direction of the neural signal.
[0057] The base 1 is also bolted with an electrocardiogram display component and an air pump 9. The electrocardiogram display component is used to cooperate with the heartbeat model component to display the relationship between the heartbeat frequency and the heart nerve signal conduction, and cooperate with the front heart model component to display the formation process of the electrocardiogram. The electrocardiogram display component includes an electrocardiogram display terminal 4; the air pump 9 is used to provide the heartbeat model component with pneumatic power for contraction and relaxation during heartbeat;
[0058] A heartbeat controller 21 is installed inside the magnetic support 19. The heartbeat controller 21 is signal-connected to the air pump 9, the first electric air valve 24, the second electric air valve 22, the first LED light strip 25 and the electrocardiogram display terminal 4. The heartbeat controller 21 is used to coordinate and control the inflation frequency of the airbag 23, the flashing direction and speed of the first LED light strip 25, and the frequency and amplitude of the electrocardiogram displayed on the electrocardiogram display terminal 4.
[0059] The specific implementation process is as follows: the present invention mainly has two usage modes, one of which is a heartbeat teaching mode. Before the teaching starts, the teacher first pushes the front heart model component to the rear of the heartbeat model component through the annular slide rail 2 to prevent the heartbeat model component from being blocked, and then turns on the electrocardiogram display terminal 4 and the air pump 9. After the heartbeat controller 21 is turned on by the electrocardiogram display terminal 4, the heartbeat controller 21 controls the opening and charging and suction frequency of the air pump 9, and controls the magnetic interface of the magnetic support 19 to be magnetically attracted to the magnetic support 19 through the pneumatic pipe 10 inside the magnetic support 19. The expansion and contraction of the airbag 23 in the left atrium magnetic part 14, the right atrium magnetic part 16, the left ventricle magnetic part 11 and the right ventricle magnetic part 20 on the left atrium magnetic part 14, the right atrium magnetic part 16, the left ventricle magnetic part 11 and the right ventricle magnetic part 20, and the expansion and contraction of the silicone airbag 23 wrapped in the silicone flexible material simulating the myocardium of the left atrium magnetic part 14, the right atrium magnetic part 16, the left ventricle magnetic part 11 and the right ventricle magnetic part 20 can twist and squeeze the heart like a real heart muscle, simulating the heartbeat movement; at the same time, the heartbeat controller 21 controls the atrioventricular bundle magnetically attracted to the first magnetic suction groove of the magnetic suction support The magnetic part 13, the sinoatrial node magnetic part 15 magnetically attracted to the second magnetic attraction groove on the outer surface of the right atrium magnetic part 16, and the atrioventricular node magnetic part 17 magnetically attracted to the third magnetic attraction groove inside the right atrium magnetic part 16 flash the LED light according to the direction and speed of cardiac nerve signal conduction. The conduction direction is roughly sinoatrial node-internodal bundle-atrioventricular node-His bundle-left and right bundle branches-Purkinje fiber. The speed of the nerve conduction system in a normal human heart is not consistent. This is because nerve delay is required to give the atrium time to empty blood into the ventricle before the ventricular contraction begins, so the change in the flashing speed of the LED light is very important for reflecting this phenomenon; the heartbeat controller 21 combines with the standard electrocardiogram preset in the electrocardiogram display terminal 4 to synchronously display the state of the heart beat and the position of the nerve signal conduction at each position in the electrocardiogram, and can also adjust the display speed, so that students can see more clearly and deeply, organically combine cardiac anatomy and electrophysiology, dynamically display the connection between heartbeat movement, cardiac nerve signal conduction and electrocardiogram, and improve students' understanding and memory efficiency.
[0060] In addition, after the heartbeat movement demonstration is completed, the teacher can turn off the air pump 9, remove the above-mentioned left atrium magnetic component 14, right atrium magnetic component 16, left ventricle magnetic component 11, right ventricle magnetic component 20, mitral valve magnetic component 12, tricuspid valve magnetic component 18, sinoatrial node magnetic component 15, atrioventricular node magnetic component 17 and atrioventricular bundle magnetic component 13 from the magnetic support 19, and explain the detailed structure and function of each part to the students part by part, which increases the flexibility of teaching. Students can choose different modules for in-depth research according to their learning needs.
[0061] Example 2
[0062] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown: a second bracket 5 is slidably connected to the annular slide rail 2, and a front heart model component is fixedly connected to the second bracket 5. The front heart model component is used to cooperate with the heartbeat model component to form a complete heart appearance model, showing the lead electrode lead axis plane and the position of detecting cardiac electrical activity during the heartbeat process. The front heart model component includes a front heart cap-shaped member 6, and the front heart cap-shaped member 6 is fixedly connected to the second bracket 5. A horizontal panel 7 for displaying the chest lead axis surface is fixedly connected to the outer side of the middle part of the front heart cap-shaped member 6, and a frontal panel 8 for displaying the limb lead axis surface is fixedly connected to the outer side of the cross-sectional edge of the front heart cap-shaped member 6 close to the heartbeat model component. The horizontal panel 7 and the frontal panel 8 are made of transparent material;
[0063] The outer edge of the horizontal panel 7 is vertically fixed with an arc plate 27, and the arc plate 27 is engraved with the name of the corresponding lead electrode at the position of the line connecting the chest lead electrode and the heart center. The horizontal panel 7 is provided with a first straight groove 28 at the position of the line connecting the lead electrode name and the heart center, and a second LED light strip is arranged in the first straight groove 28. The outer edge of the horizontal panel 7 is provided with an arc groove 29 parallel to the outer edge;
[0064] The names of the corresponding lead electrodes are engraved on the outer edge of the frontal panel 8 at the position of the line connecting the limb lead electrodes and the heart center. The frontal panel 8 is provided with a second straight groove 31 at the position of the line connecting the lead electrode name and the heart center. The second straight groove 31 is provided with a third LED light strip. The outer edge of the frontal panel 8 is provided with an annular groove 30 parallel to the outer edge. The arc groove 29 and the annular groove 30 are provided with a fourth LED light strip. The outer wall of the end panel away from the front heart cover-shaped member 6 of the first straight groove 28 and the second straight groove 31 is engraved with an arrow mark 32.
[0065] The electrocardiogram display component also includes a front heart controller 3, which is used to control the second LED light strip and the third LED light strip to cooperate with the operation of the electrocardiogram display terminal 4 to display the relationship between the electrocardiogram part and the lead electrode. The front heart controller 3 is connected to the electrocardiogram display terminal 4, the second LED light strip and the third LED light strip signal.
[0066] The specific implementation process is as follows: Another usage mode is the lead electrode axial display mode. The teacher pulls the front heart model component behind the heartbeat model component to the front through the annular slide rail 2. The front heart model component can form a complete heart anatomical model with the heartbeat model component. The front heart cover 6 of the front heart model component is wrapped with a flexible material such as silicone on the outer surface and supported by a rigid skeleton inside. The chest lead electrode names engraved on the horizontal panel 7 and the arc plate 27 bonded to the surface of the front heart cover 6 are V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9, V10, V11, V12, V13, V14, V15, V16, V17, V18, V19, V20, V21, V22, V23, V24, V25, V26, V27, V28, V29, V30, V31, V32, V33, V34, V35, V36, V37, V38, V39, V40, V41, V42, V43, V44, V45, V46, V47, V48, V49, V40, V49, V40, V41, V42, V43, V44, V45, V46, V47, V48, V49, V40, V49, V40, V40, V49, V40, V40, V41, V42, V43, V49, V40 ... 2, V3, V4, V5 and V6, the first straight groove 28 after each name leads from the electrode name to the heart center, the limb lead electrode name engraved on the frontal panel 8 bonded to the cross-sectional edge of the front heart cover-shaped member 6 is engraved with electrode I with the right horizontal lead axis as 0°, aVL is engraved at the counterclockwise position of -30°, aVR is engraved at the position of -150°, II is engraved at the clockwise position of 60°, aVF is engraved at the position of 90°, and III is engraved at the position of 120°, and the second straight groove 31 leads from the electrode name to the heart center;
[0067] When the lead electrode axial mode is turned on, the heartbeat mode of the heartbeat model component can also be turned on through the ECG display terminal 4. The heartbeat controller 21 and the front heart controller 3 coordinate to control the LED light strips in the first straight slot 28 and the second straight slot 31 of the heartbeat activity, and cooperate with the ECG displayed synchronously by the ECG display terminal 4 to show which electrode the ECG detects the electrical signal generated by the corresponding myocardial movement to form the corresponding band on the ECG, so as to help students deeply understand the formation principle of the ECG and the conduction path of the ECG signal. On this basis, since the complete ECG is the superposition of each chest lead electrode signal, and the detection of the chest lead electrode is sequential and directional, the fourth LED light strip in the arc slot 29 and the ring slot 30 at this time displays a chest lead electrode position where the electrical signal detection arrives at a certain moment of the ECG through the synchronous ECG speed, and cooperates with the third LED light strip to highlight the corresponding chest lead electrode name and arrow mark 32, so that the direction and time difference of the chest lead electrode electrical signal detection combined with the ECG display are more easy to understand, thereby improving students' learning and understanding during the teaching process;
[0068] The lead electrode axial mode can also call out the heart space vector diagram and plane vector diagram detected by the preset lead electrode in the display control terminal. The space vector diagram is the superposition of the three-dimensional plane vector diagram. When each plane vector diagram is displayed, the LED light strip behind the name of the lead electrode that detects the plane vector diagram lights up, and the LED light strip can flash with the direction of the QRS vector ring to show the conduction direction of the electrical signal generated by the depolarization / repolarization process of the myocardial cells. The one-dimensional electrocardiogram is deeply analyzed and traced back to a two-dimensional vector change diagram, and is deeply connected with the heart model, helping students to quickly locate and understand the source of the electrocardiogram captured by each lead electrode during the learning process, and enhance students' understanding and memory of electrocardiogram knowledge.
[0069] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.
[0070] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching, characterized in that: The device comprises a base (1), wherein an annular slide rail (2) is provided on the base (1), a first bracket (26) is fixedly connected to the base (1) inside the annular slide rail (2), and a heartbeat model component is fixedly connected to the first bracket (26), wherein the heartbeat model component is used to display the shape of the heart, the forward internal section, the contraction and relaxation of the left atrium, the right atrium, the left ventricle and the right ventricle during the heartbeat, and the conduction of cardiac nerve signals; A second bracket (5) is slidably connected to the annular slide rail (2), and a front heart model component is fixedly connected to the second bracket (5), and the front heart model component is used to cooperate with the heartbeat model component to form a complete heart appearance model, showing the lead electrode lead axis plane and the position of detecting cardiac electrical activity during the heart beating process; The base (1) is also fixedly connected with an electrocardiogram display component and an air pump (9). The electrocardiogram display component is used to cooperate with the heartbeat model component to display the relationship between the heartbeat frequency and the conduction of cardiac nerve signals, and to cooperate with the front heart model component to display the formation process of the electrocardiogram; the air pump (9) is used to provide the heartbeat model component with pneumatic power for contraction and relaxation during heartbeat.
2. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heartbeat model assembly is a normal human heart cross-sectional model, comprising a magnetic support (19), the magnetic support (19) being fixedly connected to a first support (26), a pneumatic pipeline (10) being arranged inside the magnetic support (19), the pneumatic pipeline (10) being connected to an air pump (9), a plurality of first magnetic suction grooves and a plurality of magnetic interfaces being arranged outside the magnetic support (19), the magnetic interfaces being all connected to the pneumatic pipeline (10), and a flexible material for simulating the texture of a heart being wrapped on the surface of the magnetic support (19) not having a magnetic interface; A left atrium magnetic component (14), a right atrium magnetic component (16), a left ventricle magnetic component (11) and a right ventricle magnetic component (20) are adsorbed on the corresponding magnetic interface; air bags (23) simulating myocardial arrangement are arranged inside the myocardium of the left atrium magnetic component (14), the right atrium magnetic component (16), the left ventricle magnetic component (11) and the right ventricle magnetic component (20) away from the magnetic support (19); the left atrium air bag (23) and the right atrium air bag (23) are connected to the magnetic interface via a first electric air valve (24); and the left ventricle air bag (23) and the right ventricle air bag (23) are connected to the magnetic interface via a second electric air valve (22); The first magnetic suction groove has the mitral valve magnetic component (12), the tricuspid valve magnetic component (18) and the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component (13) adsorbed on it.
3. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second magnetic suction groove is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the right atrium magnetic component (16) near the superior vena cava, and the sinoatrial node magnetic component (15) is adsorbed on the second magnetic suction groove.
4. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 3, characterized in that: A third magnetic suction groove is fixedly connected to the inside of the right atrium magnetic part (16) near the tricuspid valve magnetic part (18), and the atrioventricular node magnetic part (17) is adsorbed on the third magnetic suction groove.
5. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first LED light strip (25) is arranged inside the sinoatrial node magnetic component (15), the atrioventricular node magnetic component (17) and the atrioventricular bundle magnetic component (13) along the direction of the nerve signal.
6. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front heart model component comprises a front heart cap-shaped member (6), the front heart cap-shaped member (6) is fixedly connected to the second bracket (5), a horizontal panel (7) for displaying the chest lead axis is fixedly connected to the outside of the middle part of the front heart cap-shaped member (6), and a frontal panel (8) for displaying the limb lead axis is fixedly connected to the outside of the cross-sectional edge of the front heart cap-shaped member (6) close to the heartbeat model component, and the horizontal panel (7) and the frontal panel (8) are made of transparent material.
7. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer edge of the horizontal panel (7) is vertically fixedly connected with an arc plate (27), and the arc plate (27) is engraved with the name of the corresponding lead electrode at the position of the line connecting the chest lead electrode and the heart center. The horizontal panel (7) is provided with a first straight groove (28) at the position of the line connecting the lead electrode name and the heart center, and a second LED light strip is arranged in the first straight groove (28). The outer edge of the horizontal panel (7) is provided with an arc groove (29) parallel to the outer edge.
8. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 6, characterized in that: The names of corresponding lead electrodes are engraved on the outer edge of the forehead panel (8) at the position of the line connecting the limb lead electrodes and the heart center. The forehead panel (8) is provided with a second straight groove (31) at the position of the line connecting the lead electrode name and the heart center. A third LED light strip is arranged in the second straight groove (31). The outer edge of the forehead panel (8) is provided with an annular groove (30) parallel to the outer edge. A fourth LED light strip is arranged in the arc groove (29) and the annular groove (30). The outer wall of the end panel of the first straight groove (28) and the second straight groove (31) away from the front heart cover-shaped member (6) is engraved with an arrow mark (31).
9. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrocardiogram display component comprises a front heart controller (3) and an electrocardiogram display terminal (4). The front heart controller (3) is used to control the second LED light strip and the third LED light strip to cooperate with the operation of the electrocardiogram display terminal (4) to display the relationship between the electrocardiogram part and the lead electrode. The front heart controller (3) is signal-connected with the electrocardiogram display terminal (4), the second LED light strip, the third LED light strip and the fourth LED light strip.
10. The heart anatomical model for electrocardiogram teaching according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heartbeat controller (21) is arranged inside the magnetic support (19). The heartbeat controller (21) is connected to the air pump (9), the first electric air valve (24), the second electric air valve (22), the first LED light strip (25) and the electrocardiogram display terminal (4) by signals. The heartbeat controller (21) is used to coordinate and control the inflation frequency of the airbag (23), the flashing direction and speed of the first LED light strip (25) and the frequency and amplitude of the electrocardiogram displayed on the electrocardiogram display terminal (4).