A shotcrete work platform and a method of construction thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and discloses a shotcrete operation trolley and a construction method thereof, which comprises a shotcrete trolley carrying all components required for shotcrete, a ring frame installed in the middle of the shotcrete trolley and used for arranging the overall structure of a shotcrete system, a ring trolley installed on the outer periphery of the ring frame and used for moving along the tunnel section and performing shotcrete operation, and a longitudinal trolley installed on the shotcrete track beam of the ring trolley and used for moving the shotcrete head forward and backward and performing shotcrete operation. By adjusting the axis of the shotcrete trolley to coincide with the tunnel design axis before shotcrete, the distance between the shotcrete head and the design shotcrete surface is a fixed value, the shotcrete operation is accurately controlled by real-time monitoring of the distance between the shotcrete surface and the design shotcrete surface through a sensor, the shotcrete operation effectively prevents the invasion of the secondary lining range, improves the construction quality, reduces rework, reduces the cost, and significantly improves the automation degree and efficiency of the operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a shotcrete operation trolley and a construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] TBM tunnel boring machine is used more and more in tunnel construction due to its safety, rapidity, high efficiency, environmental protection and other characteristics. In the construction of tunnel by TBM method, the support such as steel arch, anchor rod and steel mesh is immediately completed after the shield is exposed to the surrounding rock, and the shotcrete is used to close the surrounding rock by the shotcrete and anchor trolley behind to protect the safety of personnel and equipment and ensure the rapid excavation and safe construction of TBM.

[0003] In the process of TBM excavation, due to the frictional resistance between the shield and the rock surface, the uneven hardness of the rock mass and the operation of the equipment, the TBM excavation direction cannot completely advance along the designed axis, but continuously approaches the designed axis, continuously corrects and continuously excavates forward in the process, resulting in that the tunnel section excavated by TBM has a certain deviation from the designed section. The designed section and the actual excavation section of TBM are two eccentric circles with equal diameters. Compared with the designed section, under excavation occurs on one side while overexcavation occurs on the other side.

[0004] In the design of tunnel, the tunnel building limit cannot be occupied, and the thickness of tunnel lining must meet the design requirements to ensure that the tunnel is normally put into use in the later period. When the TBM excavation is completed and the shotcrete and anchor support operation is performed by the shotcrete and anchor trolley, the overall linear of the TBM shotcrete and anchor trolley is consistent with the linear of the actual excavation section, and there is a certain deviation from the designed tunnel section. At this time, if the shotcrete operation is performed only according to the designed primary support thickness, the primary support will inevitably occupy the secondary lining range (when the deviation between the actual TBM excavation tunnel section and the designed tunnel section exceeds the reserved construction deviation range). According to the designed section, the secondary lining is made, which will inevitably cause the problem of insufficient thickness of the local secondary lining, affecting the quality of tunnel construction. Therefore, when the secondary lining operation is performed in the later period, the primary support body in the occupied lining range needs to be removed, which will occupy a large amount of resources, causing material waste and increasing construction cost. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a shotcrete operation trolley, which solves the problems of inaccurate positioning and large operation error of the shotcrete operation trolley in shotcrete operation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: a shotcrete operation trolley, comprising:

[0007] The shotcrete and anchor trolley carries all components required for shotcrete and anchor, and is placed in the tunnel for shotcrete and anchor operation;

[0008] A ring frame is installed in the middle of the spraying anchor trolley, which is used to support the overall structure of the ring trolley and the spraying anchor system;

[0009] A ring trolley is installed on the outer periphery of the ring frame, which is used to move the spraying anchor head along the tunnel section and carry out the spraying operation of the concrete;

[0010] A longitudinal trolley is installed on the spraying anchor rail beam of the ring trolley, which is used to move the spraying anchor head forward and backward and carry out the spraying operation of the concrete;

[0011] A spraying anchor head is installed on the outer side of the longitudinal trolley, which is used to accurately spray the concrete to the surface of the tunnel;

[0012] A transverse moving mechanism is installed on the upper surface of the longitudinal beam of the spraying anchor trolley, which is used to adjust the position of the spraying anchor trolley in the transverse direction;

[0013] A vertical moving mechanism is installed on the top of the transverse moving mechanism, which is used to adjust the position of the spraying anchor trolley in the vertical direction;

[0014] A measuring positioning mechanism is installed in front of and behind the spraying anchor trolley, which is used to measure the specific position and attitude of the spraying anchor trolley in the tunnel section in real time.

[0015] Preferably, the tunnel structure includes an inverted arch block, which is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, and a steel rail is arranged on the top of the inverted arch block;

[0016] The spraying anchor trolley includes a longitudinal beam arranged in the middle of the spraying anchor trolley, a support leg arranged below the longitudinal beam, a walking wheel installed on the bottom of the support leg, the walking wheel being used to move the spraying anchor trolley on the steel rail, the longitudinal beam being symmetrically distributed left and right, a slag belt conveyor being arranged between the longitudinal beams, and the top longitudinal beam being connected with the ring frame through a support column.

[0017] Preferably, the ring frame includes a ring beam connected with the top longitudinal beam through a support column, a gear ring fixed on the outer periphery of the ring beam at the front and rear ends of the spraying anchor trolley, a rack arranged on the inner side of the gear ring, a limiting plate arranged at the bottom end of the gear ring, an inclined strut hinged on both sides of the ring beam, a movable foot hinged on the end of the inclined strut away from the ring beam, an inclined strut oil cylinder hinged on the middle part of the inclined strut, and the end of the inclined strut oil cylinder away from the inclined strut being hinged on the side wall of the longitudinal beam. The inclined strut oil cylinder is operated by extension and contraction, so that the movable foot at the bottom of the inclined strut is supported on the top surface of the inclined support, thereby indirectly bearing the frame of the spraying anchor trolley.

[0018] Preferably, the ring trolley comprises a second gear and a spray anchor track beam arranged on the gear ring for guiding the ring movement of the ring trolley, the two sides of the spray anchor track beam are provided with a second rack, the second rack is engaged with the second gear for realizing the forward and backward movement of the longitudinal trolley, the two sides of the front and rear ends of the spray anchor track beam are provided with connecting plates, the two ends of the connecting plates are provided with pulleys, the bottom of the spray anchor track beam is provided with a hydraulic motor one, the output end of the hydraulic motor one is fixed with a driving gear one, and the driving gear one is engaged with the first rack.

[0019] Preferably, the longitudinal trolley comprises a frame, the frame is a hollow box structure for wrapping the spray anchor track beam, the inside of the frame is provided with horizontal rollers and vertical rollers, the inside of the frame is provided with a hydraulic motor two, the output end of the hydraulic motor two is fixed with a connecting shaft, and the outer wall of the connecting shaft is provided with a second gear.

[0020] Preferably, the outside of the longitudinal trolley is provided with a distance sensor for measuring the accurate distance between the spray anchor surface and the trolley in real time.

[0021] Preferably, the transverse moving mechanism comprises a base, the base is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam, the inside of the base is provided with a sliding groove, the outside of the sliding groove is provided with a baffle, the inside of the sliding groove is slidably connected with an oil cylinder support, a circular hole is formed in the inside of the oil cylinder support, threads are arranged around the circular hole, the threads are threadedly connected to the outer wall of a screw rod, a hydraulic motor three is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam connecting beam, and the output end of the hydraulic motor three is fixed in the middle of the screw rod.

[0022] Preferably, the vertical moving mechanism comprises a lower limit position hollow square column, the lower limit position hollow square column is mounted on the top of the oil cylinder support, an upper limit position hollow square column is inserted above the lower limit position hollow square column, the upper limit position hollow square column is fixed at the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam, and the inside of the upper limit position hollow square column and the lower limit position hollow square column is provided with an oil cylinder for driving the telescopic action of the vertical moving mechanism.

[0023] Preferably, the measuring and positioning mechanism comprises:

[0024] A protective plate is installed in front of and behind the spray anchor trolley for protection during spray anchor operation and protection of the measuring equipment;

[0025] An observation window is arranged in a specific area of the protective plate for observing the progress of the spray anchor operation;

[0026] A stand is installed on the top of the spray anchor trolley for supporting the observation prism;

[0027] An observation prism is arranged on the stand for measuring the position coordinates of the spray anchor trolley:

[0028] A shotcrete operation platform truck construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1, measurement positioning: the shotcrete anchor truck advances to the shotcrete anchor operation range along with the TBM tunneling, and the measurement prism, i.e. the observation prism, on the shotcrete anchor truck is measured by a total station instrument to inversely calculate the spatial position of the shotcrete anchor truck in the designed tunnel section;

[0030] S2, axis alignment: the moving adjustment mechanism is started, the shotcrete anchor truck axis is aligned with the designed tunnel section axis through the transverse moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism, the transverse moving mechanism is adjusted transversely by the screw rod driving the oil cylinder supported in the sliding groove on the base, and the vertical moving mechanism is adjusted vertically by the extension between the lower limiting hollow square column and the upper limiting hollow square column;

[0031] S3, diagonal bracing locking: the diagonal bracing inside the shotcrete anchor truck is lowered, the movable foot of the diagonal bracing is tightly pressed against the diagonal support, and the moving adjustment mechanism is locked to fix the spatial position of the shotcrete anchor truck;

[0032] S4, three-dimensional scanning: the shotcrete anchor truck is started, the ring trolley is moved in a ring direction by the gear ring, and the longitudinal trolley is moved forward and backward, the distance between the shotcrete anchor truck and the actual tunnel excavation surface is measured by the distance sensor installed on the longitudinal trolley, and a three-dimensional graph is generated;

[0033] S5, data processing: the three-dimensional graph data collected from the distance sensor is processed by the processor, and the shotcrete thickness required by each shotcrete anchor part of the tunnel and the required amount of shotcrete in the section are calculated;

[0034] S6, layered shotcreting: the shotcrete anchor truck is started, and layered shotcreting operation is performed, the ring trolley drives the shotcrete track beam to move in a ring direction along the gear ring, the longitudinal trolley moves forward and backward along the shotcrete track beam, the shotcrete head performs shotcreting operation according to the calculation result and precisely controls the shotcrete thickness;

[0035] S7, real-time measurement: the distance between the shotcreting surface and the ring trolley is measured in real time by the distance sensor to ensure that the shotcreting surface gradually approaches and reaches the designed position;

[0036] S8, cyclic shotcreting: steps S4-S7 are repeated until the shotcreting operation is completed.

[0037] Working principle: the top of the inverted arch block is provided with a steel rail, forming a track transportation track system in the hole, the walking wheel of the shotcrete anchor trolley moves on the steel rail, and the shotcrete anchor trolley can move forward with the TBM, the main structure of the shotcrete anchor trolley is composed of two longitudinal beams, the longitudinal beams provide stable support for the trolley, the lower part of the longitudinal beam is provided with a supporting leg, and the bottom of the supporting leg is fixed with a walking wheel, the shotcrete anchor trolley can move forward and backward in the tunnel through the rolling of the walking wheel on the steel rail, a slag belt conveyor is installed in the middle of the shotcrete anchor trolley, which can be used to convey the rebound concrete generated in the shotcrete operation process to the outside of the hole, ensure the cleanliness and smoothness of the operation area, the top of the shotcrete anchor trolley is provided with a top longitudinal beam, which is connected with the annular frame through supporting columns, and an annular trolley is installed on the outer periphery of the annular frame, the annular trolley can move annularly along the gear ring during the shotcrete operation, the longitudinal trolley can move forward and backward through the meshing of the second rack on the shotcrete anchor track beam and the second gear, so that the shotcrete operation is precise, the shotcrete head on the longitudinal trolley is responsible for spraying concrete to the surface of the tunnel, the distance sensor is installed on the outer side of the longitudinal trolley, which is used for real-time measurement of the distance between the shotcrete surface and the longitudinal trolley, to ensure the accuracy of the shotcrete operation, in order to ensure that the axis of the shotcrete anchor trolley coincides with the axis of the designed tunnel, the transverse moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism are designed, the transverse moving mechanism realizes the position adjustment of the shotcrete anchor trolley in the transverse direction through the transverse movement of the screw rod, the base, the sliding groove and the oil cylinder support, and the vertical moving mechanism completes the position adjustment of the shotcrete anchor trolley in the vertical direction through the vertical extension and contraction of the lower limit position hollow square column and the upper limit position hollow square column, before the shotcrete operation, the position of the shotcrete anchor trolley is measured and corrected in real time through the measuring and positioning mechanism, the observation prism is installed on the overall structure of the top longitudinal beam and the annular frame through the stand, through the measurement data of multiple observation prisms, the spatial position of the shotcrete anchor trolley can be accurately calculated, and the shotcrete operation is accurate, during the shotcrete operation, the inclined support is adjusted through the inclined support oil cylinder, and the movable supporting leg is tightly pressed on the top surface of the inclined angle support, so as to ensure the stability of the shotcrete anchor trolley frame, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the shotcrete operation.

[0038] The present application provides a kind of shotcrete operation trolley and its construction method.There is the following beneficial effect:

[0039] The present application can realize accurate positioning of shotcrete anchor trolley by real-time measurement of position coordinates of shotcrete anchor trolley and analysis of position relationship between shotcrete anchor trolley and designed tunnel section, and ensure accuracy of shotcrete operation by automatic alignment of axis of shotcrete anchor trolley and axis of designed tunnel section, effectively prevent shotcrete surface from invading secondary lining range by controlling relative distance between shotcrete surface and shotcrete anchor trolley, improve construction quality, reduce rework caused by error, thereby reduce construction cost, as a whole, the present application significantly improves automation degree, precision and construction efficiency of shotcrete operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the invented shotcrete and anchor trolley;

[0041] Figure 2 Elevational view of the invented shotcrete and anchor trolley;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic view of the invented shotcrete and anchor girder end moving device arrangement;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic view of the invented longitudinal trolley longitudinal moving device arrangement;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic view of the invented shotcrete and anchor girder and longitudinal trolley arrangement;

[0045] Figure 6 Schematic view of the invented shotcrete and anchor mechanism;

[0046] Figure 7 Schematic view of the invented transverse moving mechanism;

[0047] Figure 8 Schematic view of the invented vertical moving mechanism;

[0048] Figure 9 Flow chart of the invented construction method steps.

[0049] Wherein, 1, excavation line; 11, inverted arch block; 12, steel rail; 2, shotcrete and anchor trolley; 21, support leg; 22, walking wheel; 23, longitudinal girder; 24, slag belt conveyor; 25, top longitudinal girder; 26, support column; 3, ring frame; 31, ring beam; 32, gear ring; 33, rack one; 34, limiting plate; 35, inclined support; 36, movable support foot; 37, inclined support oil cylinder; 38, inclined angle support; 4, ring trolley; 41, shotcrete and anchor track beam; 42, rack two; 43, pulley; 44, connecting plate; 45, gear one; 46, hydraulic motor one; 5, longitudinal trolley; 51, frame; 52, transverse roller; 53, vertical roller; 54, hydraulic motor two; 55, gear two; 56, connecting shaft; 6, shotcrete and anchor head; 61, distance sensor; 7, transverse moving mechanism; 71, base; 72, sliding groove; 73, baffle; 74, oil cylinder support; 75, screw thread; 76, round hole; 77, screw rod; 78, hydraulic motor three; 8, vertical moving mechanism; 81, oil cylinder; 82, lower limiting hollow square column; 83, upper limiting hollow square column; 9, measuring and positioning mechanism; 91, protective plate; 92, observation window; 93, vertical column; 94, observation prism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] An embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present application, which provides a shotcrete operation trolley, comprising:

[0051] A shotcrete trolley 2, which carries all the components required for shotcrete, is placed in the tunnel to perform the shotcrete work.

[0052] A circumferential frame 3, which is installed in the middle of the shotcrete trolley 2, is used to support the circumferential trolley 4 and the overall structure of the shotcrete system.

[0053] A circumferential trolley 4, which is installed on the outer periphery of the circumferential frame 3, is used to move the shotcrete head 6 along the tunnel section in a circumferential direction and perform the concrete spraying work.

[0054] A longitudinal trolley 5, which is installed on the shotcrete track beam 41 of the circumferential trolley 4, is used to move the shotcrete head 6 forward and backward and perform the concrete spraying work.

[0055] A shotcrete head 6, which is installed on the outer side of the longitudinal trolley 5, is used to accurately spray concrete onto the tunnel surface.

[0056] A transverse movement mechanism 7, which is installed on the upper surface of the longitudinal beam 23 of the shotcrete trolley 2, is used to adjust the position of the shotcrete trolley 2 in the transverse direction.

[0057] A vertical movement mechanism 8, which is installed on the top of the transverse movement mechanism 7, is used to adjust the position of the shotcrete trolley 2 in the vertical direction.

[0058] A measurement positioning mechanism 9, which is installed in front of and behind the shotcrete trolley 2, is used to measure the specific position and attitude of the shotcrete trolley 2 in the tunnel section in real time.

[0059] Specifically, the anchor spraying trolley 2 is placed in the tunnel to prepare for anchor spraying operation, the supporting legs 21 and the running wheels 22 are arranged below the longitudinal beams 23, the running wheels 22 are arranged on the rails 12 at the bottom of the tunnel to ensure that the trolley can move forward and backward, the slag removal belt conveyor 24 is arranged in the middle of the longitudinal beams 23 and can be used to clean the concrete rebounding materials generated in the spraying operation to keep the operation area clean, the annular frame 3 is connected with the top longitudinal beams 25 through the supporting columns 26 to ensure the stability of the whole anchor spraying system during operation, the annular trolley 4 moves in the annular direction through the gear ring 32 and the rack 33, and the annular trolley 4 can drive the anchor spraying head 6 to spray concrete in the annular direction around the tunnel section, the longitudinal trolley 5 moves forward and backward along the rails through the engagement of the rack 42 and the gear 55, and the longitudinal trolley 5 can ensure that the concrete is evenly covered on the surface of the tunnel, the anchor spraying head 6 can realize full coverage of the tunnel section through the linkage of the annular trolley 4 and the longitudinal trolley 5, and the accuracy and uniformity of spraying are ensured, the transverse moving mechanism 7 is arranged on the longitudinal beams 23 of the anchor spraying trolley 2, the transverse moving mechanism 7 moves transversely through the driving of the screw rod 77 by the hydraulic motor 78, the oil cylinder support 74 moves in the sliding groove 72, the position of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the transverse direction can be adjusted, and the anchor spraying trolley 2 can be accurately positioned in the transverse direction in the tunnel, the vertical moving mechanism 8 adjusts the position of the anchor spraying trolley 2 in the vertical direction through the insertion and expansion of the lower limiting hollow square column 82 and the upper limiting hollow square column 83, and the overall structure of the top longitudinal beams 25 and the annular frame 3 can be accurately positioned in the vertical direction through the expansion and contraction of the oil cylinder 81, the measuring and positioning mechanism 9 is composed of multiple observation prisms 94, the position and posture of the anchor spraying trolley 2 can be calculated in real time through the observation prisms 94, the axis of the anchor spraying trolley 2 is ensured to coincide with the axis of the designed tunnel section, accurate position information is provided in real time through cooperation with the total station, and high accuracy of the anchor spraying operation is ensured.

[0060] Please refer to the accompanying drawings Figure 1 - the accompanying drawings Figure 2 The tunnel structure includes the inverted arch blocks 11 arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, and the rails 12 arranged at the top of the inverted arch blocks 11.

[0061] The anchor spraying trolley 2 includes the longitudinal beams 23 arranged in the middle of the anchor spraying trolley 2, the supporting legs 21 arranged below the longitudinal beams 23, the running wheels 22 arranged at the bottom of the supporting legs 21 and used to move the anchor spraying trolley 2 on the rails 12, the longitudinal beams 23 arranged in a left-right symmetrical manner and provided with the slag removal belt conveyor 24 therebetween, and the top longitudinal beams 25 connected with the annular frame 3 through the supporting columns 26.

[0062] Specifically, the inverted arch block 11 is installed at the bottom of the tunnel to provide a solid foundation structure, and the top of the inverted arch block 11 is paved with a steel rail 12, which not only supports the rail transportation system inside the tunnel but also provides a track for the movement of the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2. The core structure of the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2 is composed of a longitudinal beam 23 located in the middle, which provides stable support for the entire jumbo and carries a slag belt conveyor 24 that can be used to transport rebound concrete generated during the shotcrete operation outside the tunnel, keeping the operation area clean and unobstructed. The longitudinal beam 23 is provided with a support leg 21 connected with the walking wheel 22 installed at the bottom, enabling the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2 to move smoothly forward and backward on the steel rail 12. The longitudinal beam 23 is symmetrically distributed left and right to form a balanced support structure, ensuring the stability of the jumbo during movement. The top of the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2 is connected with the annular frame 3 through a support column 26, which enhances the overall rigidity and stability of the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2 and ensures that the annular frame 3 can provide stable support for subsequent shotcrete operations.

[0063] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 -attached Figure 2 The annular frame 3 includes a ring beam 31 connected with the top longitudinal beam 25 through the support column 26. The outer periphery of the ring beam 31 at the front and rear ends of the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2 is fixed with a gear ring 32, and the inner side of the gear ring 32 is provided with a rack 33. The bottom end of the gear ring 32 is provided with a limiting plate 34, and the two sides of the ring beam 31 are hinged with a diagonal brace 35. The end of the diagonal brace 35 away from the ring beam 31 is hinged with a movable foot 36, and the middle of the diagonal brace 35 is hinged with a diagonal brace oil cylinder 37. The end of the diagonal brace oil cylinder 37 away from the diagonal brace 35 is hinged to the side wall of the longitudinal beam 23. The diagonal brace oil cylinder 37 operates by extension and retraction, so that the bottom movable foot 36 of the diagonal brace 35 is supported on the top surface of the inclined angle support 38, thereby indirectly bearing the frame of the shotcrete and anchor jumbo 2.

[0064] Specifically, the ring beam 31 is connected with the top longitudinal beam 25 through the support column 26, forming a stable support structure, ensuring the stable installation of the ring frame 3 on the anchor spraying trolley 2, the outer periphery of the front and rear end ring beams 31 is fixed with a gear ring 32, a gear wheel 45 is engaged with a gear rack 33 arranged on the inner side of the ring beam 31, thereby ensuring that the ring trolley 4 can move in the ring beam 31 and perform spraying work, the bottom end of the ring beam 31 is provided with a limiting plate 34, which is used to limit the rotation range of the ring trolley 4 in the ring beam 31 and the gear ring 32, one side of the ring beam 31 is hinged with a diagonal brace 35, which is connected with a movable foot 36 through hinging, so that the diagonal brace 35 can provide support at different angles, enhancing the stability of the entire ring frame 3, the middle part of the diagonal brace 35 is hinged with a diagonal brace oil cylinder 37, the other end of the diagonal brace oil cylinder 37 is hinged on the side wall of the longitudinal beam 23, through the extension and retraction operation of the diagonal brace oil cylinder 37, the angle and position of the diagonal brace 35 can be adjusted, and the movable foot 36 at the bottom thereof is stably supported on the top surface of the inclined angle support 38, thereby providing indirect support for the ring frame 3 of the anchor spraying trolley 2, ensuring the stability and safety during the spraying work.

[0065] Please refer to the accompanying drawings Figure 3 - the accompanying drawings Figure 5 , the ring trolley 4 includes a spraying anchor track beam 41 and a gear wheel 55, the spraying anchor track beam 41 is arranged on the gear ring 32 and is used to guide the ring movement of the ring trolley 4, gear racks 42 are arranged on both sides of the spraying anchor track beam 41, the gear racks 42 are engaged with the gear wheel 55, and the front and rear movements of the longitudinal trolley 5 are realized, the spraying anchor track beam 41 is provided with connecting plates 44 on both sides of the front and rear ends, pulleys 43 are arranged at both ends of the connecting plates 44, a hydraulic motor 46 is arranged at the bottom of the spraying anchor track beam 41, a driving gear wheel 45 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor 46, and the driving gear wheel 45 is engaged with the gear rack 33.

[0066] Specifically, the spraying anchor track beam 41 is installed on the ring beam 31, ring movement mechanisms are arranged at the front and rear ends of the spraying anchor track beam 41 and can move in a ring shape on the ring beam 31, gear racks 42 are arranged on both sides of the spraying anchor track beam 41, the gear racks 42 are engaged with the gear wheel 55, the front and rear movements of the longitudinal trolley 5 on the spraying anchor track beam 41 are realized through the rotation of the gear wheel 55, pulleys 43 are installed on the front and rear ends of the spraying anchor track beam 41, the pulleys 43 are connected with the ring trolley 4 through the connecting plates 44, the ring trolley 4 can move stably, and power support is provided, a hydraulic motor 46 is installed at the bottom of the spraying anchor track beam 41, a driving gear wheel 45 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor, the driving gear wheel is engaged with the gear rack 33, stable and powerful power is provided for the movement of the ring trolley 4 on the ring beam 31, so that the ring trolley 4 can perform ring spraying work.

[0067] Please refer to the accompanying drawings Figure 4 - the accompanying drawings Figure 6The longitudinal trolley 5 comprises a frame 51 which is a hollow box structure for wrapping the spray anchor track beam 41, the inside of the frame 51 is provided with transverse rollers 52 and vertical rollers 53, and a hydraulic motor 54 is arranged in the frame 51, the output end of the hydraulic motor 54 is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft 56, and the outer wall of the connecting shaft 56 is provided with a gear 55;

[0068] The longitudinal trolley 5 is provided with a distance sensor 61 on the outside, which is used to measure the accurate distance between the spray anchor surface and the trolley in real time.

[0069] Specifically, the moving trolley 5 is a hollow box frame 51 structure, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the spray anchor track beam 41, and the inside of the frame 51 is provided with transverse rollers 52 and vertical rollers 53, which are arranged to enable the longitudinal trolley 5 to move smoothly. In addition, the frame 51 is provided with a hydraulic motor 54 as the main driving device of the longitudinal trolley 5, the output end of the hydraulic motor 54 transmits power through a connecting shaft 56, and the outer wall of the connecting shaft 56 is provided with a gear 55 which is engaged with a rack 42 on the spray anchor track beam 41, thereby driving the longitudinal trolley 5 to move accurately along the track. In order to ensure the accuracy of the spraying operation, the outside of the longitudinal trolley 5 is provided with a distance sensor 61 which can measure the accurate distance between the spray anchor surface and the trolley in real time, thereby ensuring the accuracy and uniformity of the spray anchor operation.

[0070] Please refer to the accompanying drawings Figure 7 The transverse moving mechanism 7 comprises a base 71 which is arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam 23, the inside of the base 71 is provided with a sliding groove 72, the outside of the sliding groove 72 is provided with a baffle 73, the inside of the sliding groove 72 is slidably connected with an oil cylinder support 74, a circular hole 76 is formed in the inside of the oil cylinder support 74, a thread 75 is arranged around the circular hole 76, the thread 75 is threadedly connected with the outer wall of a screw rod 77, a hydraulic motor 78 is arranged on the top of the connecting beam of the longitudinal beam 23, and the output end of the hydraulic motor 78 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the screw rod 77.

[0071] Specifically, the transverse moving mechanism 7 is one of the key adjustment devices of the shot anchor trolley 2, mainly composed of a base 71, a sliding groove 72, a cylinder support 74, a screw rod 77 and a hydraulic motor three 78. The base 71 is stably arranged on the top of the longitudinal beam 23, ensuring good stability and load capacity of the whole mechanism. In order to realize transverse movement, the base 71 is internally designed with the sliding groove 72, and the sliding groove 72 is provided with baffles 73 on both sides to limit the movement range of the cylinder support 74, ensuring smooth sliding of the cylinder support 74 in the sliding groove 72. A circular hole 76 is formed in the cylinder support 74, and the inner wall of the circular hole 76 is provided with threads 75 connected with the outer wall threads of the screw rod 77, realizing accurate transverse movement. The core driving source of the transverse moving mechanism 7 is the hydraulic motor three 78 installed on the top of the longitudinal beam 23. The output end of the hydraulic motor three 78 is fixed to the middle part of the screw rod 77. The screw rod 77 is rotated by hydraulic drive, and the rotation of the screw rod 77 drives the engagement of the threads 75, so that the cylinder support 74 moves left and right in the sliding groove 72, thereby realizing the transverse adjustment of the shot anchor trolley 2.

[0072] Please refer to the attached Figure 8 The vertical moving mechanism 8 includes a lower limit hollow square column 82, which is installed on the top of the cylinder support 74. An upper limit hollow square column 83 is inserted above the lower limit hollow square column 82, and the upper limit hollow square column 83 is fixed to the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam 25. The upper limit hollow square column 83 and the lower limit hollow square column 82 are internally provided with a cylinder 81, which is used to drive the telescopic action of the vertical moving mechanism 8.

[0073] The measurement positioning mechanism 9 includes:

[0074] The guard plate 91 is installed in front of and behind the shot anchor trolley 2, which is used for protection and protection of the measurement equipment during shot anchor operation;

[0075] The observation window 92 is arranged in a specific area of the guard plate 91, which is used for observing the progress of the shot anchor operation;

[0076] The stand 93 is installed on the top of the shot anchor trolley 2, which is used to support the observation prism 94;

[0077] The observation prism 94 is arranged on the stand 93, which is used to measure the position coordinates of the shot anchor trolley 2.

[0078] Specifically, the vertical moving mechanism 8 is one of the key components of the shotcrete anchor platform car 2, which is designed to realize accurate adjustment in the vertical direction. The mechanism is composed of a lower limit hollow square column 82 and an upper limit hollow square column 83. The lower limit hollow square column 82 is installed on the top of the oil cylinder support 74 to provide a stable foundation structure, and the upper limit hollow square column 83 is inserted into the lower limit hollow square column 82 and fixed to the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam 25. The two are tightly combined through the mutual insertion structure to ensure that the structure has sufficient strength and stability in the vertical direction. The oil cylinder 81 is installed inside the two square columns. By driving the extension and retraction of the oil cylinder 81, the vertical lifting adjustment of the vertical moving mechanism 8 is realized, thereby adjusting the working height of the shotcrete anchor.

[0079] Embodiment two:

[0080] Please refer to the attached Figure 9 A shotcrete operation platform car construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0081] S1, measurement and positioning: the shotcrete anchor platform car 2 advances to the shotcrete anchor operation range with the TBM tunneling, and the measurement prism on the shotcrete anchor platform car 2, i.e. the observation prism 94, is measured by the total station, and the spatial position of the shotcrete anchor platform car 2 in the designed tunnel section is calculated inversely.

[0082] S2, axis alignment: start the moving adjustment mechanism, align the axis of the shotcrete anchor platform car 2 with the axis of the designed tunnel section by the horizontal moving mechanism 7 and the vertical moving mechanism 8. The horizontal moving mechanism 7 realizes horizontal adjustment by driving the oil cylinder support 74 in the sliding groove 72 on the base 71 through the screw rod 77, and the vertical moving mechanism 8 realizes vertical adjustment by the extension and retraction between the lower limit hollow square column 82 and the upper limit hollow square column 83.

[0083] S3, diagonal brace locking: lower the diagonal brace 35 inside the shotcrete anchor platform car 2, and lock the moving adjustment mechanism to fix the spatial position of the shotcrete anchor platform car 2 by tightly pressing the movable foot 36 of the diagonal brace 35 against the diagonal support 38.

[0084] S4, three-dimensional scanning: start the spraying and anchoring trolley 2, move the ring trolley 4 and the longitudinal trolley 5 through the gear ring 32, measure the distance between the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 and the actual tunnel excavation surface by using the distance sensor 61 installed on the longitudinal trolley 5, and generate a three-dimensional graph;

[0085] S5, data processing: process the three-dimensional graph data collected from the distance sensor 61 by the processor, and calculate the required spraying and anchoring thickness of each spraying and anchoring position of the tunnel and the required amount of sprayed concrete for the section;

[0086] S6, layered spraying and anchoring: start the spraying and anchoring trolley 2, perform layered spraying and anchoring work, the ring trolley 4 drives the spraying and anchoring track beam 41 to move along the gear ring 32, the longitudinal trolley 5 moves along the spraying and anchoring track beam 41, the spraying and anchoring head 6 performs spraying and anchoring work according to the calculation results and accurately controls the sprayed concrete thickness;

[0087] S7, real-time measurement: use the distance sensor 61 to measure the distance between the spraying and anchoring surface and the ring trolley 4 in real time, and ensure that the spraying and anchoring surface gradually approaches and reaches the designed position;

[0088] S8, cyclic spraying and anchoring: repeat steps S4-S7 until the spraying and anchoring work is completed.

[0089] Specifically, in step S1, the measurement positioning is the basis of the entire spraying and anchoring operation. The total station is used to accurately measure the observation prism 94 on the spraying and anchoring trolley 2, and the actual spatial position of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 in the tunnel section is obtained. The effect of this step is to ensure that the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 can be accurately positioned in the tunnel, thereby providing reliable reference data for subsequent axis alignment and spraying and anchoring operations. Through the spatial position data obtained by back calculation, the operator can intuitively understand the specific position of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 in the designed tunnel section, ensuring that the subsequent operation can be accurately aligned with the design axis. In step S2, axis alignment is the key link. By starting the mobile adjustment mechanism, the axis of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 is accurately aligned with the axis of the designed tunnel section. The transverse moving mechanism 7 drives the oil cylinder support 74 to move in the sliding groove 72 on the base 71 through the screw rod 77, and the vertical moving mechanism 8 adjusts the extension between the lower and upper limit hollow square columns 82 and 83 to realize the adjustment in the vertical direction. The effect of this step is to ensure that the spatial position and attitude of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 fully meet the design requirements, laying a foundation for subsequent spraying and anchoring operations and avoiding position deviation leading to uneven spraying and anchoring thickness or other quality problems. In step S3, the diagonal brace locking operation further ensures that the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 will not be displaced during operation due to external forces or other factors by lowering the diagonal brace 35 and tightly pressing the diagonal angle support 38. This locking process fixes the spatial position of the spraying and anchoring trolley 2, ensuring that the position will not deviate during the spraying and anchoring process, thereby ensuring construction accuracy and safety. In step S4, after the three-dimensional scanning process is started, the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 moves along the gear ring 32 through the ring frame 3 driving the ring trolley 4, and the distance sensor 61 installed on the longitudinal trolley 5 starts measuring the distance between the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 and the actual tunnel excavation surface. The three-dimensional graph generated in this step intuitively shows the actual situation of the tunnel section, and the effect is to provide accurate data basis for subsequent spraying and anchoring thickness calculation, ensuring that each spraying and anchoring meets the design requirements. In step S5, the data processing process analyzes and processes the three-dimensional data collected from the distance sensor 61 through the processor, calculates the required spraying and anchoring thickness of each spraying and anchoring part of the tunnel and the concrete demand of the tunnel section. The effect of this step is to ensure the reasonable use of concrete materials, avoid material waste, and ensure that the spraying and anchoring thickness meets the design standard, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the tunnel. In step S6, the spraying and anchoring trolley 2 starts the layered spraying and anchoring operation. The ring trolley 4 drives the spraying and anchoring track beam 41 to move along the gear ring 32, and the longitudinal trolley 5 moves back and forth along the spraying and anchoring track beam 41. The spraying and anchoring head 6 sprays accurately according to the calculation result. The effect of layered spraying and anchoring is to build the concrete support layer of the tunnel layer by layer, ensuring that the thickness and quality of each layer meet the design standard and form a uniform protective layer.In step S7, the real-time measurement process continues, with the distance sensor 61 continuously monitoring the distance between the shotcrete surface and the ring trolley 4, ensuring that each layer of concrete in the shotcrete operation is accurately placed, and ultimately causing the shotcrete surface to gradually approach and reach the designed position. The effect of real-time measurement is to dynamically adjust the shotcrete operation, avoiding any over or under shotcrete situations, and ensuring the flatness and structural stability of the tunnel. Finally, in step S8, the cyclic shotcrete operation ensures that the entire tunnel section shotcrete operation is completed completely and accurately. Through repeated execution of the aforementioned steps, the shotcrete task is gradually completed, ensuring that each part meets the design requirements, and ultimately forming a solid, uniform, and design specification-compliant concrete support layer, achieving high-quality construction.

[0090] While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely divergences, modifications, replacements, and variations of the embodiments, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of constructing a shotcrete work platform, characterized in that, The construction method adopts a shotcrete operation trolley for construction, and the shotcrete operation trolley comprises: A shotcrete trolley (2) which carries all components required for shotcrete and is placed in a tunnel for shotcrete operation; A ring frame (3) which is installed in the middle of the shotcrete trolley (2) and is used for supporting the overall structure of the ring trolley (4) and the shotcrete system; A ring trolley (4) which is installed on the outer periphery of the ring frame (3) and is used for moving the shotcrete head (6) along the tunnel section in a ring direction and performing shotcrete operation on concrete; A longitudinal trolley (5) which is installed on the shotcrete track beam (41) of the ring trolley (4) and is used for moving the shotcrete head (6) forward and backward and performing shotcrete operation on concrete; A shotcrete head (6) which is installed on the outer side of the longitudinal trolley (5) and is used for accurately spraying concrete to the surface of the tunnel; A transverse moving mechanism (7) which is installed on the upper surface of the longitudinal beam (23) of the shotcrete trolley (2) and is used for adjusting the position of the shotcrete trolley (2) in the transverse direction; A vertical moving mechanism (8) which is installed on the top of the transverse moving mechanism (7) and is used for adjusting the position of the shotcrete trolley (2) in the vertical direction; A measurement positioning mechanism (9) which is installed in front of and behind the shotcrete trolley (2) and is used for measuring the specific position and posture of the shotcrete trolley (2) in the tunnel section in real time; The construction method of the shotcrete operation trolley comprises the following steps: S1, measurement and positioning: the shotcrete trolley (2) is moved to the shotcrete operation range along with the TBM, the measurement prism, i.e. the observation prism (94), on the shotcrete trolley (2) is measured by a total station instrument, and the spatial position of the shotcrete trolley (2) in the designed tunnel section is calculated inversely; S2, axis alignment: the moving adjustment mechanism is started, the axis of the shotcrete trolley (2) is aligned with the axis of the designed tunnel section by the transverse moving mechanism (7) and the vertical moving mechanism (8), the transverse moving mechanism (7) adjusts the transverse direction by the screw rod (77) to drive the oil cylinder support (74) to slide in the sliding groove (72) on the base (71), and the vertical moving mechanism (8) adjusts the vertical direction by the extension between the lower limiting hollow square column (82) and the upper limiting hollow square column (83); S3, inclined strut locking: the inclined strut (35) inside the shotcrete trolley (2) is lowered, the movable foot (36) of the inclined strut (35) is tightly pressed against the inclined angle support (38), and the spatial position of the shotcrete trolley (2) is fixed by locking the moving adjustment mechanism; S4, three-dimensional scanning: the shotcrete trolley (2) is started, the ring trolley (4) is moved in a ring direction by the gear ring (32), the longitudinal trolley (5) is moved forward and backward, the distance between the shotcrete trolley (2) and the actual excavation surface of the tunnel is measured by the distance sensor (61) installed on the longitudinal trolley (5), and a three-dimensional graph is generated; S5, data processing: the three-dimensional graph data collected from the distance sensor (61) is processed by the processor, the shotcrete thickness required by each shotcrete part of the tunnel and the demand of shotcrete in this section are calculated. S6, layered spray anchor: start the spray anchor trolley (2), and carry out layered spray anchor operation, the ring trolley (4) drives the spray anchor rail beam (41) to move along the gear ring (32) ring, the longitudinal trolley (5) moves along the spray anchor rail beam (41) back and forth, the spray anchor head (6) carries out spray anchor operation and accurately controls the thickness of the sprayed concrete according to the calculation result; S7, real-time measurement: use distance sensor (61) to measure the distance between spray anchor surface and ring trolley (4) in real time, and ensure that the spray anchor surface gradually approaches and reaches the design position; S8, cycle spray anchor: repeat steps S4-S7 until the spray anchor operation is completed.

2. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy according to claim 1, wherein, The tunnel structure comprises an inverted arch block (11), the inverted arch block (11) is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, and a steel rail (12) is arranged at the top of the inverted arch block (11); The spray anchor trolley (2) comprises a longitudinal beam (23), the longitudinal beam (23) is arranged in the middle of the spray anchor trolley (2), a supporting leg (21) is arranged below the longitudinal beam (23), the supporting leg (21) is provided with a walking wheel (22) at the bottom, the walking wheel (22) is used for moving the spray anchor trolley (2) on the steel rail (12), the longitudinal beam (23) is symmetrically distributed left and right, and a slag discharge belt conveyor (24) is arranged between the longitudinal beams (23), and a top longitudinal beam (25) is connected with the ring frame (3) through supporting columns (26).

3. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy according to claim 1, wherein, The ring frame (3) comprises a ring beam (31), the ring beam (31) is connected with the top longitudinal beam (25) through the supporting columns (26), gear rings (32) are fixed on the outer periphery of the ring beams (31) at the front and rear ends of the spray anchor trolley (2), gear racks (33) are arranged on the inner side of the gear rings (32), limit plates (34) are arranged at the bottom ends of the gear rings (32), inclined struts (35) are hinged to the two sides of the ring beam (31), movable supporting legs (36) are hinged to the ends of the inclined struts (35) away from the ring beam (31), inclined strut oil cylinders (37) are hinged to the middle portions of the inclined struts (35), and the ends of the inclined strut oil cylinders (37) away from the inclined struts (35) are hinged to the side walls of the longitudinal beams (23).

4. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy according to claim 1, wherein, The ring trolley (4) comprises a spray anchor rail beam (41) and a gear wheel (55), the spray anchor rail beam (41) is arranged on the gear ring (32) and is used for guiding the ring movement of the ring trolley (4), gear racks (42) are arranged on the two sides of the spray anchor rail beam (41), the gear racks (42) and the gear wheel (55) are engaged, which is used for realizing the forward and backward movement of the longitudinal trolley (5), connecting plates (44) are arranged on the two sides of the front and rear ends of the spray anchor rail beam (41), pulleys (43) are arranged at the two ends of the connecting plates (44), a hydraulic motor (46) is arranged at the bottom of the spray anchor rail beam (41), a driving gear wheel (45) is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic motor (46), and the driving gear wheel (45) and the gear rack (33) are engaged.

5. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy according to claim 1, wherein, The longitudinal trolley (5) comprises a frame (51), which is a hollow box structure for wrapping the spray anchor rail beam (41), the inside of the frame (51) is provided with transverse rollers (52) and vertical rollers (53), the inside of the frame (51) is provided with a hydraulic motor two (54), the output end of the hydraulic motor two (54) is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft (56), and the outer wall of the connecting shaft (56) is provided with a gear two (55).

6. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy according to claim 1, wherein, The longitudinal trolley (5) is provided with a distance sensor (61) on the outside, which is used for real-time measurement of the accurate distance between the spray anchor surface and the trolley.

7. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy of claim 1, wherein, The transverse moving mechanism (7) comprises a base (71) provided on the top of the longitudinal beam (23), a sliding groove (72) provided in the base (71), a baffle (73) provided on the outside of the sliding groove (72), an oil cylinder support (74) slidably connected in the sliding groove (72), a circular hole (76) formed in the oil cylinder support (74), a thread (75) provided around the circular hole (76), and a screw rod (77) threadedly connected with the outer wall of the thread (75). The longitudinal beam (23) is provided with a hydraulic motor three (78) on the top of the connecting beam, and the output end of the hydraulic motor three (78) is fixedly connected with the middle part of the screw rod (77).

8. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy of claim 1, wherein, The vertical moving mechanism (8) comprises a lower limiting hollow square column (82) mounted on the top of the oil cylinder support (74), an upper limiting hollow square column (83) inserted into the upper part of the lower limiting hollow square column (82), and the upper limiting hollow square column (83) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the top longitudinal beam (25). The upper limiting hollow square column (83) and the lower limiting hollow square column (82) are provided with an oil cylinder (81) inside, and the oil cylinder (81) is used for driving the telescopic action of the vertical moving mechanism (8).

9. The method of constructing a gunite concrete work buggy of claim 1, wherein, The measurement positioning mechanism (9) comprises: a guard plate (91) installed in front of and behind the spray anchor trolley (2), used for protection during spray anchor operation and protection of measurement equipment; an observation window (92) provided in a specific area of the guard plate (91), used for observing the progress of the spray anchor operation; a stand column (93) installed on the top of the spray anchor trolley (2), used for supporting an observation prism (94); and the observation prism (94) is provided on the stand column (93) and used for measuring the position coordinates of the spray anchor trolley (2).

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