Optical triode system and regulation and control method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an optical triode system and a regulation and control method and application thereof. The optical triode system comprises a light source module, a Van der Waals material layer, a micro-ring resonant cavity and a photoelectric detector. According to the optical triode system based on Van der Waals semiconductor material and silicon-based micro-ring resonant cavity coupling, aiming at the bottleneck faced by electronic transistor development, light waves and photons are used as signal carriers, the optical linear effect of the Van der Waals material and the resonance characteristic of the silicon-based micro-ring resonant cavity are utilized, the response speed is increased, and the energy consumption is reduced. And effective amplification, regulation and control of the signal light are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of information communication technology, and in particular relates to an optical triode system, a control method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the continuous evolution of information and communication technology (ICT), traditional electronic triodes, as key components, have played an irreplaceable role in signal amplification and logic operations, and have strongly promoted the progress of modern computing and communication systems. However, with the deepening of the digital wave, especially under the urgent needs of cutting-edge fields such as ultra-high-speed broadband communications, large-scale data center construction and high-performance computing, electronic circuits based on traditional semiconductor materials are gradually approaching the performance limits defined by basic physical laws. The migration rate of electron carriers is limited by the nature of the material and quantum effects, which has become a key factor restricting the improvement of data processing speed and energy efficiency. In this context, photonic technology, with its high speed, low loss, high bandwidth and inherent parallel processing capabilities, is regarded as a key path to break through the bottleneck of information technology.

[0003] Optical triodes use light waves instead of electron flow, and use photons as the medium to perform signal scaling and regulation tasks. This concept deeply integrates nonlinear optics, laser engineering and advanced materials science, and is committed to developing a new generation of light-controlled devices that can effectively control the intensity and phase of light signals, in order to play a key role in optical communications, optical computing and even future quantum information processing. Most of the optical triodes currently studied rely on second-order or third-order nonlinear effects, are highly dependent on light intensity, and usually only become significant under strong light fields. In addition, the control of light coherence and stability, the design of efficient optical coupling and conversion mechanisms, and the precise control of nanoscale manufacturing processes all need to be further optimized.

[0004] Van der Waals materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown extraordinary application potential in the fields of silicon photonics and ultrafast optical modulation technology due to their atomic-level thickness, strong light-matter interaction, wide spectral response, mechanical robustness, and heterogeneous integration capabilities. In the exploration of van der Waals material all-optical triodes, graphene has always attracted much attention due to its excellent electrical and optical properties and is one of the core materials. However, although graphene has shown significant advantages in the preparation of modulation devices, its limitations are also significant: the relatively low light absorption rate may limit the modulation depth, thereby affecting the improvement of signal intensity, which has become a major problem in current research. In addition, the performance of graphene is sensitive to temperature changes, which may lead to reduced stability and reliability under different environmental conditions, further limiting its wide application. In contrast, TMDs materials have shown more ideal material properties in the field of all-optical triodes due to their high light absorption rate, tunable optical band gap, wide spectral response, and excellent light emission efficiency, making them a more promising choice. Summary of the invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an optical triode system, a control method and application thereof.

[0006] Before describing the present invention, the terms used in this article are defined as follows:

[0007] The term "TMDs" refers to: transition metal dichalcogenides.

[0008] To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an optical triode system, the optical triode system comprising:

[0009] A light source module comprising at least a pump light source and a signal light source, a van der Waals material layer, a microring resonant cavity and a photodetector; wherein:

[0010] In the light source module, the pump light source is used to excite excitons in the van der Waals material to change the overall refractive index of the van der Waals material, and the signal light source is used to emit signal light;

[0011] The van der Waals material layer is used to absorb the excitation light emitted by the pump light source;

[0012] The microring resonator is used to amplify or attenuate optical signals; and

[0013] The photoelectric detector is used to detect and measure the light intensity and / or light power of the signal light output by the signal light source;

[0014] Preferably, the pump light is input to the van der Waals material layer, the signal light is input to the microring resonant cavity, and is input to the photodetector after being modulated.

[0015] According to the optical triode system of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein:

[0016] The signal light output by the signal light source is output after being coupled by the microring resonant cavity, and the pump light output by the pump light source is irradiated on the van der Waals material layer to change the transmission intensity of the output signal light;

[0017] The wavelength of the pump light is 400 to 800 nm, preferably 450 to 700 nm, more preferably 520 to 660 nm; and / or

[0018] The wavelength of the signal light is 1500 to 1600 nm, preferably 1520 to 1580 nm, and more preferably 1530 to 1550 nm.

[0019] According to the optical triode system of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein:

[0020] The band gap of the material of the van der Waals material layer is 0 eV to 2 eV, preferably 1 eV to 1.8 eV, and more preferably 1.2 eV to 1.6 eV; and / or

[0021] The material of the van der Waals material layer is selected from one or more of the following: graphene, TMDs, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal carbide, preferably selected from one or more of the following: graphene, TMDs, hexagonal boron nitride, more preferably graphene or TMDs;

[0022] Preferably, the TMDs are selected from one or more of the following: molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten ditelluride, molybdenum ditelluride, tungsten disulfide trioxide, molybdenum trisulfide, tungsten trisulfide, more preferably selected from one or more of the following: molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten ditelluride, molybdenum ditelluride, further preferably selected from one or more of the following: molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide.

[0023] According to the optical triode system of the first aspect of the present invention, the microring resonant cavity comprises: a straight waveguide, a microring waveguide, a substrate, a waveguide layer, a silicon dioxide layer and a cladding layer; wherein,

[0024] The silicon dioxide layer is located on the substrate, the waveguide layer is located on the silicon dioxide layer, and the cladding layer covers the waveguide layer;

[0025] The straight waveguide and the microring waveguide are located in the waveguide layer; and / or

[0026] The microring waveguide is partially covered by the van der Waals material layer.

[0027] According to the optical triode system of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein:

[0028] The width of the waveguide layer is 350 to 650 nm, preferably 400 to 600 nm, and more preferably 450 to 550 nm;

[0029] The height of the waveguide layer is 150 to 300 nm, preferably 180 to 260 nm, and more preferably 200 to 240 nm;

[0030] The microring radius of the microring resonant cavity is 5 to 20 μm, preferably 6 to 15 μm, more preferably 8 to 12 μm; and / or

[0031] The gap width between the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide is 60 to 120 nm, preferably 70 to 110 nm, and more preferably 80 to 100 nm.

[0032] According to the optical triode system of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein:

[0033] The materials of the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide are selected from one or more of the following: silicon, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, preferably silicon or silicon nitride, most preferably silicon;

[0034] The material of the substrate is selected from one or more of the following: silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium nitride, silicon germanium, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, preferably selected from one or more of the following: silicon, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, most preferably silicon; and / or

[0035] The material of the coating layer is selected from one or more of the following: silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, preferably silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide, most preferably silicon dioxide.

[0036] According to the optical triode system of the first aspect of the present invention, wherein:

[0037] The photodetector is selected from one or more of the following: Si photodetector, GaAs photodetector, InGaAs photodetector, PbS / PbSe photodetector, ZnO photodetector, organic photodetector, graphene photodetector, quantum dot photodetector, preferably selected from one or more of the following: Si photodetector, GaAs photodetector, InGaAs photodetector, PbS / PbSe photodetector, ZnO photodetector, more preferably GaAs photodetector and / or InGaAs photodetector; and / or

[0038] The photoelectric detector is a visible light detector and / or a near infrared detector;

[0039] Preferably, the wavelength range of the visible light detector is 400 to 1100 nm, more preferably 400 to 900 nm, and further preferably 400 to 700 nm; and / or

[0040] Preferably, the wavelength range of the near-infrared detector is 800-1800 nm, more preferably 1100-1700 nm, and further preferably 1300-1650 nm.

[0041] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for regulating light, the method comprising regulating light using the optical triode system described in the first aspect;

[0042] Preferably, the method comprises: the light source module emits a light signal, and the light signal interacts with the van der Waals material layer and the microring resonant cavity to regulate the light signal.

[0043] According to the method of the second aspect of the present invention, the method further comprises:

[0044] The signal light source and the pump light source in the light source module emit signal light and pump light respectively. The signal light is input from the port at one end of the straight waveguide, coupled by the microring resonant cavity, and output from the port at the other end of the straight waveguide. The pump light is irradiated on the van der Waals material layer to change the dielectric environment of the microring waveguide, thereby changing the transmission intensity of the output signal light.

[0045] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the optical triode system described in the first aspect in preparing a device for realizing an optical switching function and / or an optical amplification function.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical triode system of the present invention comprises:

[0047] Light source module: includes a pump light source and a signal light source, which are used to excite excitons in van der Waals materials and emit signal light respectively.

[0048] The van der Waals material layer is mechanically exfoliated and transferred to the microring waveguide, acting as a photosensitive layer capable of generating excitons and changing their charge and polarization states in response to pump light.

[0049] Silicon-based microring resonator: After the signal light is transmitted in the straight waveguide, it is coupled to the microring resonator and interacts with the TMDs material layer to achieve amplification or attenuation of the optical signal.

[0050] Photodetector: used to detect and measure the light intensity or optical power of output signal light.

[0051] The wavelength of the pump light is 400 to 800 nm, preferably 450 to 700 nm, and more preferably 520 to 660 nm. Generally speaking, the wavelength of the pump light should be determined based on the specific TMDs material used. The exciton effect is best when the selected wavelength is close to the band gap of the material.

[0052] Optionally, the optical triode system of the present invention may further include a control circuit: used to control parameters such as the intensity and frequency of the pump light, and process the electrical signal output by the photodetector.

[0053] The specific connection method of the light source module, the van der Waals material layer and the microring resonant cavity is as follows: the signal light is input into the straight waveguide of the microring resonant cavity structure by the signal light source, and after being modulated by the microring structure, it is connected to a photodetector and a computer at the other end to visualize the modulation result; the van der Waals material layer covers the microring structure of the resonant cavity, and can generate excitons under the irradiation of the pump light source, and then the refractive index changes, which plays a role in modulating the signal light; the pump light is irradiated on the van der Waals material. If a signal generator is connected to the pump light source, different waveforms (such as square waves, sine waves, triangle waves, etc.) can be generated, so as to better observe the ability of the pump light to modulate the signal light.

[0054] Working principle: Optical triode uses light waves to replace electron flow and uses photons as the medium to perform signal scaling and regulation tasks. When the pump light irradiates the van der Waals material layer, the photons interact with the electrons in the material to stimulate the generation of excitons. The generation of excitons changes the charge distribution and polarization state inside the van der Waals material, thereby affecting its dielectric function. At the same time, the signal light interacts with the van der Waals material layer through the silicon-based microring resonant cavity. Due to the change in the dielectric function of the van der Waals material layer, the transmission characteristics of the signal light in the resonant cavity are modulated, realizing signal amplification or attenuation. By adjusting the intensity and frequency of the pump light, the generation and annihilation process of excitons in the van der Waals material layer can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving effective regulation of the signal light.

[0055] Implementation method:

[0056] 1. Selection of van der Waals material layer

[0057] Design and prepare a van der Waals material layer with a specific band gap and optical properties. Van der Waals materials include graphene, TMDs, etc., and the optical response range is extremely wide, covering from ultraviolet to terahertz, and even extending to the microwave frequency band. In particular, TMDs materials, including molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, etc., have a band gap between 1.0eV and 2.0eV, so that their electrons can be excited by light in the visible to near-infrared band. Therefore, the function of an optical triode can be realized by selecting a pump light of a suitable wavelength according to the band gap of the material. The present invention mainly uses tungsten disulfide, but is not limited to this material, and van der Waals materials can be used.

[0058] 2. Design and optimize silicon-based microring resonator

[0059] The structural design of the microring resonator requires comprehensive consideration of multiple key factors, including the width of the waveguide, the radius of the microring, and the width of the gap between the straight waveguide and the microring.

[0060] (1) Considering the compatibility of all-optical triodes in silicon-based photonic integrated circuits, the size of silicon waveguides is usually set to 500nm in width and 220nm in height to ensure seamless integration with existing integration technologies.

[0061] (2) The radius of the microring is set to 10 μm, which ensures high-density integration while effectively reducing the loss caused by waveguide bending, thereby improving the overall performance.

[0062] (3) Optimization of the gap width between the straight waveguide and the microring. The final gap width was determined to be 90nm. This design not only meets the precision requirements of the processing technology, but also significantly improves the coupling efficiency.

[0063] 3. Optical triode structure design

[0064] The main structure of the optical triode is as followsFigure 1 As shown, Figure 1 It includes a light source module, a TMDs material layer and a silicon-based microring resonant cavity, which together constitute the modulation area of ​​the all-optical triode. These three plus a photodetector can form a complete optical triode system of the present invention. Among them, the straight waveguide and the microring part are silicon waveguides, and the shaded part on the microring waveguide is the covered van der Waals material. There are two beams of optical signals, namely communication light and pump light. The communication light is input from one port of the straight waveguide, coupled by the microring resonant cavity, and output from the other port. The pump excitation light is irradiated on the van der Waals material to change the dielectric environment of the microring waveguide, thereby changing the transmission intensity of the output signal light.

[0065] like Figure 2 The device structure is shown in cross-section, including a silicon substrate, a silicon dioxide layer on the substrate, a Si waveguide layer on the silicon dioxide layer, and a silicon dioxide cladding layer covering the waveguide layer. The top layer is a mechanically dry-transferred van der Waals material (here tungsten disulfide).

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the optical triode system, the control method and application thereof of the present invention may have but are not limited to the following beneficial effects:

[0067] Aiming at the bottleneck faced by the development of electronic transistors, the optical triode system based on the coupling of van der Waals semiconductor materials and silicon-based micro-ring resonant cavities of the present invention uses light waves and photons as signal carriers, and utilizes the optical linear effect of van der Waals materials and the resonant characteristics of silicon-based micro-ring resonant cavities to improve the response speed and reduce energy consumption, thereby achieving effective amplification and regulation of signal light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0069] Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of the optical triode system of the present invention is shown.

[0070] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the optical triode system of the present invention is shown.

[0071] Figure 3 The transmission spectrum simulation results of the micro-ring resonant cavity of the optical triode system of the present invention are shown.

[0072] Figure 4 An optical microscope image of a microring resonator of an optical triode system of the present invention is shown.

[0073] Figure 5 The transmission spectrum of the micro-ring resonant cavity of the optical triode system of the present invention in which the van der Waals material layer is tungsten disulfide is shown.

[0074] Figure 6 The transmission spectrum of the micro-ring resonant cavity of the optical triode system of the present invention in which the van der Waals material layer is tungsten diselenide is shown.

[0075] Figure 7 The transmission spectrum of the micro-ring resonant cavity of the optical triode system of the present invention in which the van der Waals material layer is molybdenum disulfide is shown.

[0076] Figure 8 A response test of the optical triode system of the present invention is shown.

[0077] Fig. 9 The schematic diagram of the structure of the optical triode system of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The present invention is further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these embodiments are only used for more detailed and specific description and should not be understood as limiting the present invention in any form.

[0079] This section generally describes the materials and test methods used in the experiments of the present invention. Although many materials and operating methods used to achieve the purpose of the present invention are well known in the art, the present invention is still described as detailed as possible. It is clear to those skilled in the art that in the context, if not specifically stated, the materials and operating methods used in the present invention are well known in the art.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] This embodiment is an exemplary description of the optical triode system of the present invention.

[0082] like Fig. 9 As shown, the optical triode system of the present invention comprises:

[0083] Light source module: includes a pump light source and a signal light source, which are used to excite excitons in the van der Waals material and transmit the signal light to be processed respectively.

[0084] The van der Waals material layer is mechanically exfoliated and transferred to the microring waveguide, acting as a photosensitive layer capable of generating excitons and changing their charge and polarization states in response to pump light.

[0085] Silicon-based micro-ring resonator: After the signal light is transmitted in the straight waveguide, it is coupled to the micro-ring resonator and interacts with the TMDs material layer to achieve amplification or attenuation of the optical signal.

[0086] Photodetector: used to detect and measure the light intensity or optical power of output signal light.

[0087] The signal light is input from the signal light source into the straight waveguide of the microring resonant cavity structure. After being modulated by the microring structure, the signal light is connected to a photodetector and a computer at the other end to visualize the modulation result. The van der Waals material layer covers the microring structure of the resonant cavity. When the pump light source is irradiated, excitons are generated, and then the refractive index changes, which plays a role in modulating the signal light. The pump light is irradiated on the van der Waals material. If a signal generator is connected to the pump light source, different waveforms (such as square waves, sine waves, triangle waves, etc.) can be generated, thereby better observing the ability of the pump light to modulate the signal light.

[0088] The preparation method of the optical triode system comprises the following steps:

[0089] 1) Selection of van der Waals material layer

[0090] A van der Waals material layer with a specific band gap and optical properties is selected and prepared. Van der Waals materials include graphene, TMDs, etc., and the optical response range is extremely wide, covering from ultraviolet to terahertz, and even extending to the microwave frequency band. In particular, TMDs materials, including molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, etc., have a band gap between 1.0eV and 2.0eV, so that their electrons can be excited by light in the visible to near-infrared band. Therefore, the function of an optical triode can be realized by selecting a pump light of a suitable wavelength according to the band gap of the material. The van der Waals material of this embodiment takes tungsten disulfide as an example, but is not limited to this material, and other van der Waals materials can be used. The wavelength of the pump light in this embodiment is 520nm as an example, and the wavelength of the signal light is 1540-1545nm as an example.

[0091] 2) Preparation and optimization of silicon-based microring resonator

[0092] like Figure 2 As shown, the microring resonant cavity includes: a straight waveguide, a microring waveguide, a substrate, a waveguide layer, a silicon dioxide layer and a cladding layer; wherein,

[0093] The silicon dioxide layer is located on the substrate, the waveguide layer is located on the silicon dioxide layer, and the cladding layer covers the waveguide layer; the straight waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide are located on the waveguide layer; the micro-ring waveguide is covered with a van der Waals material (tungsten disulfide) transferred by a mechanical dry method. The materials of the straight waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide are silicon, the material of the substrate is silicon, and the material of the cladding layer is silicon dioxide.

[0094] The structure of the microring resonator requires comprehensive consideration of several key factors, including the width of the waveguide layer, the radius of the microring waveguide, and the gap width between the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide.

[0095] (1) Considering the compatibility of the all-optical triode in the silicon-based photonic integrated circuit, the size of the silicon waveguide layer in this embodiment is set to a width of 400 nm and a height of 220 nm, in order to ensure seamless connection with the existing integration technology.

[0096] (2) In this embodiment, the radius of the micro-ring waveguide is set to 10 μm, which ensures high-density integration while effectively reducing the loss caused by the waveguide when it is bent, thereby improving the overall performance.

[0097] (3) Optimization of the gap width between the straight waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide. The gap width finally determined in this embodiment is 90 nm, which not only meets the precision requirements of the processing technology, but also significantly improves the coupling efficiency.

[0098] 3) Structure of optical triode

[0099] The main structure of the optical triode is as follows Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 It includes a light source module, a van der Waals material layer and a silicon-based microring resonant cavity, which together constitute the modulation area of ​​the all-optical triode. These three plus a photodetector can form a complete optical triode system of the present invention. Among them, in this embodiment, the photodetector takes a visible light detector for receiving a pump light signal and a near-infrared detector for receiving an output signal light as examples, and the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide take a silicon waveguide as an example, and the shaded part on the microring waveguide is the covered van der Waals material. There are two beams of optical signals, namely signal light and pump light. The signal light is input from the port at one end of the straight waveguide, coupled by the microring resonant cavity, and output from the port at the other end of the straight waveguide. The pump light is irradiated on the van der Waals material to change the dielectric environment of the microring waveguide, thereby changing the transmission intensity of the output signal light.

[0100] Embodiments 2 to 4

[0101] This embodiment is another exemplary description of the optical triode system of the present invention.

[0102] The optical triode systems of Examples 2 to 4 are the same as those of Example 1 except for the conditions listed in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1 Optical triode system of Examples 2 to 4

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Example 5

[0107] This embodiment illustrates the simulation results of the transmission spectrum of the micro-ring resonant cavity of the optical triode system of the present invention.

[0108] In order to prove that the change of refractive index of van der Waals material can effectively modulate the transmission characteristics of signal light in the resonant cavity, a composite microring resonant cavity was constructed with tungsten sulfide as the van der Waals material layer. The width and height of the waveguide layer were 400nm and 220nm respectively. The radius of the microring was 10um, and the gap between the microring and the straight waveguide was 90nm. The transmission spectrum of the designed silicon-based microring resonant cavity was analyzed using Lumerical software.

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, at the center wavelength of the resonance peak, the transmission spectrum of the van der Waals material before and after the refractive index changes. When the refractive index of the van der Waals material remains unchanged (i.e., without irradiation of pump light), the resonant wavelength of the microring is 1544.2nm. When the inventor changes the refractive index of the van der Waals material from 4 to 4.1, the resonant wavelength of the microring redshifts to 1544.6nm, and the resonant wavelength shift is about 0.4nm. This shows that the change in the refractive index of the van der Waals material can effectively change the transmission characteristics of the signal light in the resonant cavity.

[0110] Example 6

[0111] This embodiment illustrates the test results of the micro-ring resonant cavity of the optical triode system of the present invention.

[0112] The van der Waals material-silicon-based waveguide composite microring resonator in Examples 1 to 4 was prepared using micro-nano processing technology. The optical microscope image of the device in Example 1 is as follows: Figure 4 The device was tested for light transmission, with the input signal light wavelength of 1535nm-1550nm and the optical power of 10mW; the pump excitation light wavelength of 520nm and the optical power of 0.5mW. Figure 5-Figure 7 Shown is the change in the device signal light transmission spectrum before and after the pump light switch.

[0113] Table 2 Test results of the micro-ring resonator of the optical triode system of Examples 2 to 4

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] As shown in Table 2, Figure 4 , Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, when pump light modulation is applied to the above-mentioned two-dimensional material, the corresponding resonance peaks will shift by a certain amount, indicating that the micro-ring resonant cavities of the optical triode systems prepared in Examples 1 to 4 can achieve the effect of all-optical modulation, that is, the state of the signal light is controlled by an external pump light beam.

[0117] Example 7

[0118] This embodiment illustrates the amplification and attenuation effects of the optical triode system of the present invention.

[0119] This embodiment uses the optical triode system of embodiments 1 to 4.

[0120] For the optical triode system of Example 1, when the pump light is not turned on, the resonant wavelength of the microring is 1538.98nm, the full width at half maximum is 0.41nm, and the corresponding frequency bandwidth is 56GHz. The signal light intensity in the range of 1538.77nm to 1539.19nm will decay to less than half of the usual value. When the pump light is turned on, the resonant wavelength of the microring changes from 1538.98nm to 1539.14nm, resulting in a red shift of 0.16nm. At this time, the input signal light intensity in the range of 1538.93-1539.35nm will decay to less than half of the usual value. Therefore, when the input signal light is 1538.77-1538.93nm, under the irradiation of pump light, the input signal light can be amplified; and when the input signal light wavelength is 1539.19-1539.35nm, under the irradiation of pump light, the input signal light can be attenuated; these two sections can realize continuous modulation of the signal light. Especially when the input signal light is 1538.77-1538.93nm, the signal light can be amplified.

[0121] Table 3 Amplification effect of the optical triode system of Examples 2 to 4

[0122] Example Signal light wavelength Pump excitation wavelength Optical Amplification 2 1533nm 660nm 1550.8-1551.6 3 1540nm 660nm 1544.2-1544.8 4 1542nm 520nm 1543.5-1544.2

[0123] As shown in Table 3, when pump light is applied, the optical triodes prepared from the above materials always have their corresponding signal light bands capable of achieving the function of light amplification, indicating that the microring resonant cavities of the optical triode systems prepared in Examples 1 to 4 can achieve the effect of signal amplification.

[0124] Example 8

[0125] This embodiment illustrates the effect of the optical triode system of the present invention.

[0126] This embodiment uses the optical triode system of embodiments 1 to 4. When the input signal light wavelength is at the resonant wavelength of 1538.98 nm, the device can realize the function of an optical switch.

[0127] Specifically, for the optical triode system of Example 1, Figure 5As shown in the figure, when the pump light is turned on, the resonance peak changes from the original 1538.98nm to 1539.14nm, and the resonance wavelength redshifts by 0.16nm. At the same time, when the pump light is turned off, the transmittance at a wavelength of 1539nm is 37%; after the pump light is turned on, the transmittance at a wavelength of 1539nm is 22%, and the extinction ratio is close to 2dB. In summary, these two states can be defined as the on and off states of the micro-ring optical switch, respectively.

[0128] In this embodiment, the switching function of the device is tested using a pump light with a wavelength of 520nm, a power of 0.5mW, and a frequency of 1KHz. The results are as follows: Figure 6 and 7 As shown (optical triode system of Example 2 and Example 3). The results show that there is no delay in the response of the signal light. Considering the ultrafast optical response of two-dimensional van der Waals materials and the carrier relaxation time in the range of several picoseconds, in an ideal case, an all-optical modulator based on two-dimensional van der Waals materials will be able to achieve GHz fast modulation.

[0129] Table 4 Response speed effect of the optical triode system of Examples 2 to 4

[0130] Example Signal light wavelength Pump excitation wavelength frequency result 2 1533nm 660nm 1KHz No delay 3 1540nm 660nm 1KHz No delay 4 1542nm 520nm 1KHz No delay

[0131] As shown in Table 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the optical triodes prepared using the above materials have no response delay under the modulation of 1KHz pump light, indicating that the microring resonant cavities of the optical triode systems prepared in Examples 1 to 4 can achieve the effect of normal operation under a modulation frequency of 1KHz.

[0132] Although the effects of some embodiments are shown above, those skilled in the art should understand that according to the concept of the present invention, the aforementioned other embodiments without specific effects or other technical solutions of the present invention not shown in the embodiments can also achieve the following technical effects stated in the invention content section that are equivalent to the embodiments:

[0133] Aiming at the bottleneck faced by the development of electronic transistors, the optical triode system based on the coupling of van der Waals semiconductor materials and silicon-based micro-ring resonant cavities of the present invention uses light waves and photons as signal carriers, and utilizes the optical linear effect of van der Waals materials and the resonant characteristics of silicon-based micro-ring resonant cavities to improve the response speed and reduce energy consumption, thereby achieving effective amplification and regulation of signal light.

[0134] Although the present invention has been described to a certain extent, it is obvious that appropriate changes in various conditions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but belongs to the scope of the claims, which includes equivalent replacements of each factor described.

Claims

1. An optical triode system, characterized in that: The optical triode system comprises: A light source module comprising at least a pump light source and a signal light source, a van der Waals material layer, a microring resonant cavity and a photodetector; wherein: In the light source module, the pump light source is used to excite excitons in the van der Waals material to change the overall refractive index of the van der Waals material, and the signal light source is used to emit signal light; The van der Waals material layer is used to absorb the excitation light emitted by the pump light source; The microring resonator is used to amplify or attenuate optical signals; and The photoelectric detector is used to detect and measure the light intensity and / or light power of the signal light output by the signal light source; Preferably, the pump light is input to the van der Waals material layer, the signal light is input to the microring resonant cavity, and is input to the photodetector after being modulated.

2. The optical triode system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal light output by the signal light source is output after being coupled by the microring resonant cavity, and the pump light output by the pump light source is irradiated on the van der Waals material layer to change the transmission intensity of the output signal light; The wavelength of the pump light is 400 to 800 nm, preferably 450 to 700 nm, more preferably 520 to 660 nm; and / or The wavelength of the signal light is 1500 to 1600 nm, preferably 1520 to 1580 nm, and more preferably 1530 to 1550 nm.

3. The optical triode system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The band gap of the material of the van der Waals material layer is 0 eV to 2 eV, preferably 1 eV to 1.8 eV, and more preferably 1.2 eV to 1.6 eV; and / or The material of the van der Waals material layer is selected from one or more of the following: graphene, TMDs, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal carbide, preferably selected from one or more of the following: graphene, TMDs, hexagonal boron nitride, more preferably graphene or TMDs; Preferably, the TMDs are selected from one or more of the following: molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten ditelluride, molybdenum ditelluride, tungsten disulfide trioxide, molybdenum trisulfide, tungsten trisulfide, more preferably selected from one or more of the following: molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten ditelluride, molybdenum ditelluride, further preferably selected from one or more of the following: molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tungsten diselenide.

4. The optical triode system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The microring resonant cavity comprises: a straight waveguide, a microring waveguide, a substrate, a waveguide layer, a silicon dioxide layer and a cladding layer; wherein, The silicon dioxide layer is located on the substrate, the waveguide layer is located on the silicon dioxide layer, and the cladding layer covers the waveguide layer; The straight waveguide and the microring waveguide are located in the waveguide layer; and / or The microring waveguide is partially covered by the van der Waals material layer.

5. The optical triode system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The width of the waveguide layer is 350 to 650 nm, preferably 400 to 600 nm, and more preferably 450 to 550 nm; The height of the waveguide layer is 150 to 300 nm, preferably 180 to 260 nm, and more preferably 200 to 240 nm; The microring radius of the microring resonant cavity is 5 to 20 μm, preferably 6 to 15 μm, more preferably 8 to 12 μm; and / or The gap width between the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide is 60 to 120 nm, preferably 70 to 110 nm, and more preferably 80 to 100 nm.

6. The optical triode system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The materials of the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide are selected from one or more of the following: silicon, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, preferably silicon or silicon nitride, most preferably silicon; The material of the substrate is selected from one or more of the following: silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium nitride, silicon germanium, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, preferably selected from one or more of the following: silicon, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, most preferably silicon; and / or The material of the coating layer is selected from one or more of the following: silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, preferably silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide, most preferably silicon dioxide.

7. The optical triode system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The photodetector is selected from one or more of the following: Si photodetector, GaAs photodetector, InGaAs photodetector, PbS / PbSe photodetector, ZnO photodetector, organic photodetector, graphene photodetector, quantum dot photodetector, preferably selected from one or more of the following: Si photodetector, GaAs photodetector, InGaAs photodetector, PbS / PbSe photodetector, ZnO photodetector, more preferably GaAs photodetector and / or InGaAs photodetector; and / or The photoelectric detector is a visible light detector and / or a near infrared detector; Preferably, the wavelength range of the visible light detector is 400 to 1100 nm, more preferably 400 to 900 nm, and further preferably 400 to 700 nm; and / or Preferably, the wavelength range of the near-infrared detector is 800-1800 nm, more preferably 1100-1700 nm, and further preferably 1300-1650 nm.

8. A method for regulating light, characterized in that: The method comprises using the optical triode system of any one of claims 1 to 7 to perform light regulation; Preferably, the method comprises: the light source module emits a light signal, and the light signal interacts with the van der Waals material layer and the microring resonant cavity to regulate the light signal.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The method further comprises: The signal light source and the pump light source in the light source module emit signal light and pump light respectively. The signal light is input from the port at one end of the straight waveguide, coupled by the microring resonant cavity, and output from the port at the other end of the straight waveguide. The pump light is irradiated on the van der Waals material layer to change the dielectric environment of the microring waveguide, thereby changing the transmission intensity of the output signal light.

10. Use of the optical triode system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preparing a device for realizing an optical switch function and / or an optical amplification function.

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