Multi-source sensing fusion laser powder bed fusion five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment

Abstract

Multi-source sensing fusion laser powder bed fusion five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment comprises a machine tool base of a laser powder bed, a gantry type machining platform is connected to the machine tool base, and a sealing cover body is connected to the gantry type machining platform; a swing head sliding table is installed on an XY-axis movement mechanism on the gantry type machining platform, and the five-axis material reducing process is achieved. A galvanometer sliding table is installed on an XY axis movement mechanism on the gantry type machining platform, and laser scanning is conducted on the laser powder bed to achieve the laser powder bed material adding process. Large-angle five-axis additive and subtractive composite manufacturing on the powder bed is achieved through the combination of the gantry type three-axis movement mechanism and the A / C-axis swing head type electric spindle, and the rigidity of the movement mechanism is guaranteed; real-time monitoring of acoustic, mechanical and optical signals and the like in the part additive and subtractive machining process is achieved through various types of sensors, and the comprehensive quality of the part machining process and the finished part machining process is predicted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal additive and subtractive composite manufacturing, and in particular to a multi-source sensing fusion laser powder bed melting five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment. Background Art

[0002] Metal additive and subtractive composite manufacturing is a technology that combines the advantages of traditional additive manufacturing, which is easy to form complex structures, and traditional subtractive manufacturing, which is easy to obtain good surface quality, to achieve integrated, efficient and high-quality manufacturing of complex precision parts through the same equipment. At present, many institutions have proposed additive and subtractive composite manufacturing equipment solutions based on laser powder bed melting, such as the patent application named "A kind of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing equipment" (publication number CN109968040A) and the patent application named "A kind of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process equipment" (publication number: CN112440114A). Its functional principle is mainly realized by combining a fixed laser galvanometer with a three-axis CNC milling system, but it is limited by the freedom of the three-axis subtractive mechanism, and the features that can be processed with high surface quality are limited. Some universities have also proposed powder bed additive and subtractive material equipment solutions that can achieve five-axis milling processing, such as the patent application entitled "A powder bed five-axis additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing equipment" (publication number: CN113369895A). The principle is that a swing head electric spindle capable of A / C axis rotation is set on a three-axis cantilever slide, combined with a laser galvanometer that can move on a single axis, it can achieve five-axis milling in a compact space; but the cantilever structure limits the movement range of the functional mechanism due to the stiffness requirements, which in turn limits the effective swing angle of the swing head during five-axis milling (when the swing head electric spindle swings in space, a three-axis motion mechanism needs to reserve a travel range for following movement).

[0003] At the same time, the powder bed additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process is affected by more factors than the traditional process, such as hole defects, component segregation and dimensional error caused by poor additive process parameters, and rough surface, strip chips, part deformation caused by poor subtractive process parameters. The problems of these two processes may also affect each other's process. For example, excessive dimensional error of additive affects the cutting allowance of subtractive processing, and excessive chips of subtractive affect the subsequent additive powder laying process. This leads to a high exploration cost of powder bed additive and subtractive processes, and the quality of processed parts is more difficult to control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-source sensor fusion laser powder bed melting five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment, which realizes large-angle five-axis additive and subtractive composite manufacturing on a powder bed through a gantry-type three-axis motion mechanism combined with an A / C-axis swing-head electric spindle, and ensures the rigidity of the motion mechanism; through various types of sensors, it can realize real-time monitoring of acoustic, mechanical, optical and other signals of the additive and subtractive processing of parts, and predict the comprehensive quality of the part processing process and after completion.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A multi-source sensing fusion laser powder bed melting five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment comprises a machine tool base 3 of a laser powder bed, a gantry processing platform 2 is connected to the machine tool base 3, a sealing cover 1 is connected to the gantry processing platform 2, the additive and subtractive process is carried out on a substrate 10 of a powder feeding mechanism under laser powder bed melting, the coordinated movement of the substrate 10, the powder feeding plate 11 and the powder spreading scraper 13 realizes the supply of powder, and can discharge excess powder and chips generated by milling into a powder recovery tank 4; a swing head slide 8 is installed on the XY axis motion mechanism on the gantry processing platform 2, the swing head slide 8 realizes the Z direction movement of the swing head type electric spindle 8-1, and realizes the five-axis subtractive process in combination with the A / C axis rotation of the swing head type electric spindle 8-1; a galvanometer slide 9 is installed on the XY axis motion mechanism on the gantry processing platform 2, and a laser galvanometer 9-1 fixed on the galvanometer slide 9 can be moved to the top of the substrate 10 to perform laser scanning on the laser powder bed to realize the laser powder bed additive process.

[0007] The sealing cover 1 realizes the sealing of the processing area on the gantry type processing platform 2, and also realizes the sealing of the area connected to the internal part on the machine tool base 3; the sealing cover 1 is assembled from a plurality of stainless steel plates, and is provided with a maintenance window 1-1 and a casting sealing maintenance plate 1-2, a sealing door 1-3 is provided in front of the sealing cover 1, and an oxygen sensor 6 and a gas pressure sensor 7 are provided on the top of the sealing cover 1.

[0008] The Y-axis movement of the XY-axis motion mechanism on the gantry-type machining platform 2 is realized by installing two sets of Y-axis slider guide modules 2-2 and Y-axis linear motors 2-3 on one side of the Y-axis, and the two sets of Y-axis slider guide modules 2-2 and the Y-axis linear motor 2-3 are connected as the driving end; a single set of Y-axis slider guide module 2-2 is installed on the other side of the Y-axis as the supporting end to drive the X-axis motion slide 2-1 to move stably in the Y direction; the X-axis movement of the XY-axis motion mechanism is realized by installing an X-axis linear motor 2-5 and two sets of X-axis slider guide modules 2-6 on the X-axis motion slide 2-1, and the X-axis linear motor 2-5 is connected to the two sets of X-axis slider guide modules 2-6, so that the swing head slide 8 and the galvanometer slide 9 connected to the X-axis slider guide module 2-6 can move back and forth along the X direction, and the whole can follow the X-axis motion slide 2-1 in the Y direction.

[0009] The described swing head slide 8 is connected to two groups of X-direction slider guide modules 2-6 through the internal swing head X-direction slide 8-2, and the Z-direction linear motor 8-3 and two groups of Z-direction slider guide modules 8-4 are installed on the swing head X-direction slide 8-2, and the Z-direction linear motor 8-3 and the two groups of Z-direction slider guide modules 8-4 are connected; the two groups of Z-direction slider guide modules 8-4 are connected to the swing head Z-direction slide 8-5, and the swing head Z-direction slide 8-5 is connected to the swing head type electric spindle 8-1; the spindle type electric spindle 8-1 is connected to the tool 8-7, and the five-axis linkage subtractive processing of the target part 15 by the tool 8-7 is realized through the XYZ three-axis motion combined with the spatial swing of the swing head type electric spindle 8-1 itself; the tool 8-7 can be replaced by a three-dimensional probe 8-8 after completing the five-axis subtractive processing, and the dimensional accuracy of the current positions of the target part 15 is detected by the three-dimensional probe 8-8.

[0010] The galvanometer slide 9 can realize the free movement of the laser galvanometer 9-1 in the X and Y directions. During the additive process, the laser galvanometer 9-1 has its own coaxial high-dynamic infrared temperature measurement system to monitor the laser molten pool. Four sets of electric guide rails 9-2 are installed around one end of the galvanometer slide 9 near the laser galvanometer 9-1 to allow the additive acoustic emission sensor 9-3 to descend along the Z direction to monitor the acoustic signals of the additive process of the entire powder bed; the spectral signal sensor 17-1 is fixed on the gantry processing platform 2 through the magnetic base 17 to monitor the optical signals of the additive process.

[0011] The substrate 10 is fixed on the sensor protective shell 18 below, and the sensor protective shell 18 is finally fixed to the substrate top column 21 through multiple metal plates below. Four subtractive acoustic emission sensors 10-1 and a mechanical signal sensor 10-2 are arranged in the sensor protective shell 18 to monitor the acoustic signals and milling force generated by the subtractive process respectively.

[0012] The substrate top column 21 realizes the movement of the substrate top column 21 in the Z direction through the substrate Z-direction slider guide 22 and the substrate screw motor 23; a powder feeding plate top column 24 is arranged under the powder feeding plate 11, and the powder feeding plate top column 24 realizes the movement of the powder feeding plate top column 24 in the Z direction through the powder feeding plate Z-direction slider guide 25 and the powder feeding plate screw motor 26.

[0013] The movement of the powder scraper 13 along the X direction is realized by a small gantry motion mechanism, which includes two groups of scraper X-direction slider guide modules 12 on one side. The scraper X-direction slider guide module 12 on this side is driven by a scraper screw motor 14 and supported by a single group of scraper X-direction slider guide module 12 on the other side.

[0014] A tool magazine 16 is installed on the gantry-type machining platform 2, and the swing-head electric spindle 8-1 and the tool magazine 16 cooperate to replace the tool 8-7 of a specified model; the tool magazine 16 is separated from the machining area by a sheet metal baffle 19 including an opening and closing door; the tool 8-7 replaced by the swing-head electric spindle 8-1 in the tool magazine 16 can be detected for tool length by a tool setting instrument 20 installed on the gantry-type machining platform 2.

[0015] The X-axis linear motor 2-5 and two groups of X-axis slider guide modules 2-6 on the gantry processing platform 2 are all protected by the first X-axis dust-proof curtain 2-8, the single group of Y-axis slider guide module 2-2 on one side is protected by the third Y-axis dust-proof curtain 2-9, and the two groups of Y-axis slider guide modules 2-2 and the Y-axis linear motor 2-3 on the other side are all protected by the second Y-axis dust-proof curtain 2-10; the single group of scraper X-axis slider guide module 12 on one side of the powder spreading mechanism is protected by the first scraper curtain 27, and the two groups of scraper X-axis slider guide modules 12 and the scraper screw motor 14 on the other side are all protected by the second scraper curtain 28.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention adopts a gantry-type processing platform 2 to fully guarantee the follow-up stroke and operating stiffness of the relevant functional mechanism when the swing-head electric spindle performs spatial angle swing, and can achieve high-quality manufacturing of surface features with large inclination angles, especially complex inner cavity / inner flow channel features.

[0018] 2. The present invention adopts a coaxial high-dynamic infrared temperature measurement system in the laser galvanometer 9-1, combined with the additive acoustic emission sensor 9-3 and the spectral signal sensor 17-1, which can analyze the additive quality in real time and predict potential defects, and guide the additive process adjustment.

[0019] 3. The present invention uses a subtractive acoustic emission sensor 10-1 and a mechanical signal sensor 10-2 connected to the substrate 10, which can provide real-time feedback on the contact between the tool 8-7 and some entities of the additive material, predict the roughness of the current machined surface, and help guide the process adjustment of the subtractive process.

[0020] 4. The swivel head type electric spindle 8-1 of the present invention can be equipped with a three-dimensional probe 8-8, which can detect the actual size of the area to be processed before each subtractive processing to ensure the processing allowance, and can also detect the actual size of the part after the subtractive processing is completed. Combined with the above advantages, it is helpful for non-destructive evaluation of the processing quality of closed / semi-closed inner surface features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal area of ​​an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the Z-direction operating mechanism of the swivel head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the five-axis subtractive functional area of ​​an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the laser powder bed additive functional area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a sensor at the bottom of a substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a front view of the internal area of ​​an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the dust prevention scheme of the functional mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-source signal monitoring principle of the additive process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-source signal monitoring principle of the subtractive process according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2A multi-source sensor fusion laser powder bed melting five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment includes a laser powder bed machine tool base 3, a gantry processing platform 2 is connected to the machine tool base 3, the gantry processing platform 2 is connected to a sealing cover 1, and the front of the sealing cover 1 and the gantry processing platform 2 is connected to an equipment operation panel 5; the additive and subtractive process is carried out on a substrate 10 of a powder feeding mechanism under laser powder bed melting, and the coordinated movement of the substrate 10, the powder feeding plate 11 and the powder spreading scraper 13 realizes the supply of powder, and can remove excess powder and milling generated The chips are discharged into the powder recovery tank 4; a swing head slide 8 is installed on the XY axis motion mechanism on the gantry type processing platform 2, and the swing head slide 8 realizes the Z direction movement of the swing head type electric spindle 8-1, and combines the A / C axis rotation of the swing head type electric spindle 8-1 to realize the five-axis subtractive process; a galvanometer slide 9 is installed on the XY axis motion mechanism on the gantry type processing platform 2, and the laser galvanometer 9-1 fixed on the galvanometer slide 9 can be moved to the top of the substrate 10, and the laser powder bed is laser scanned to realize the laser powder bed additive process.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 Considering that the additive process often needs to be carried out in an inert gas environment, this equipment adopts an overall sealing solution. The sealing cover 1 realizes the sealing of the processing area on the gantry processing platform 2, which is convenient for atmosphere protection; it also realizes the sealing of the internal connection area on the machine tool base 3. The sealing cover 1 is assembled from multiple stainless steel plates. The assembly process takes into account the sealing requirements of all installation gaps, and a maintenance window 1-1 and a casting sealing maintenance plate 1-2 are set. A sealing door 1-3 is set in front of the sealing cover 1, allowing the operator to directly enter the equipment on the gantry processing platform 2 for preparation work; an oxygen sensor 6 and a gas pressure sensor 7 are set on the top of the sealing cover 1 to realize real-time control of the inert gas protection atmosphere.

[0034] Reference Figure 2The Y-axis movement of the XY-axis motion mechanism on the gantry-type machining platform 2 is realized by installing two sets of Y-axis slider guide modules 2-2 and Y-axis linear motor 2-3 on one side of the Y-axis, and the two sets of Y-axis slider guide modules 2-2 and the Y-axis linear motor 2-3 are connected as the driving end; a single set of Y-axis slider guide module 2-2 is installed on the other side of the Y-axis as the supporting end to drive the X-axis motion slide 2-1 to move stably in the Y direction; the X-axis movement of the XY-axis motion mechanism is realized by installing an X-axis linear motor 2-5 and two sets of X-axis slider guide modules 2-6 on the X-axis motion slide 2-1, and the X-axis linear motor 2-5 and the two sets of X-axis slider guide modules 2-6 is connected, so that the swing head slide 8 and the galvanometer slide 9 connected to the X-direction slider guide module 2-6 can move back and forth along the X-direction, and the whole can move with the X-direction motion slide 2-1 in the Y direction; the movement positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy of the swing head slide 8 and the galvanometer slide 9 in the X direction are guaranteed by the accuracy of the X-direction linear motor 2-5 itself and the X-direction grating ruler 2-7 installed on the X-direction motion slide 2-1, and the movement positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy in the Y direction are guaranteed by the accuracy of the Y-direction linear motor 2-3 itself and the Y-direction grating ruler 2-4 installed on the gantry type processing platform 2 close to the Y-direction linear motor 2-3 side.

[0035] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 The swing head slide 8 is connected to two sets of X-direction slider guide modules 2-6 through the internal swing head X-direction slide 8-2, and the Z-direction linear motor 8-3 and two sets of Z-direction slider guide modules 8-4 are installed on the swing head X-direction slide 8-2, and the Z-direction linear motor 8-3 is connected to the two sets of Z-direction slider guide modules 8-4; the two sets of Z-direction slider guide modules 8-4 are connected to the swing head Z-direction slide 8-5, and the swing head Z-direction slide 8-5 is connected to the swing head type electric spindle 8-1, so as to realize the Z-direction movement of the swing head type electric spindle 8-1; the swing head X-direction slide 8- 2 is installed with a grating ruler bracket 8-6, which is connected to the Z-axis grating ruler 8-5, and the Z-axis grating ruler 8-5 monitors the movement accuracy of the swing-head electric spindle 8-1; the swing-head electric spindle 8-1 is connected to the tool 8-7, and the five-axis linkage subtractive processing of the target part 15 by the tool 8-7 is realized through the XYZ three-axis motion combined with the spatial swing of the swing-head electric spindle 8-1 itself; the tool 8-7 can also be replaced by the three-dimensional probe 8-8 after completing the five-axis subtractive processing, and the dimensional accuracy of each current position of the target part 15 is detected by the three-dimensional probe 8-8.

[0036] Reference Figure 5The galvanometer slide 9 can realize the free movement of the laser galvanometer 9-1 in the X and Y directions. During the additive process, the laser galvanometer 9-1 has its own coaxial high-dynamic infrared temperature measurement system to monitor the laser molten pool. Four sets of electric guide rails 9-2 are installed around the galvanometer slide 9 near one end of the laser galvanometer 9-1 to allow the additive acoustic emission sensor 9-3 to descend along the Z direction to monitor the acoustic signals of the additive process of the entire powder bed; the spectral signal sensor 17-1 is fixed to the gantry processing platform 2 through a magnetic base 17 on the side of the substrate 10 close to the sealing door 1-3 to monitor the optical signals of the additive process.

[0037] Reference Figure 6 The substrate 10 is fixed to the sensor protection shell 18 below by bolts, and the sensor protection shell 18 is finally fixed to the substrate top column 21 through multiple metal plates below. Four subtractive acoustic emission sensors 10-1 and a mechanical signal sensor 10-2 are arranged in the sensor protection shell 18 to monitor the acoustic signals and milling force generated by the subtractive process respectively.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 7 , the powder supply of the laser powder bed additive process involves the alternating movement of the substrate 10, the powder feeding plate 11 and the powder spreading scraper 13; the substrate top column 21 connected below the substrate 10 realizes the movement of the substrate top column 21 in the Z direction through the substrate Z-direction slider guide 22 and the substrate screw motor 23; the powder feeding plate top column 24 is connected below the powder feeding plate 11, and the powder feeding plate top column 24 realizes the movement of the powder feeding plate top column 24 in the Z direction through the powder feeding plate Z-direction slider guide 25 and the powder feeding plate screw motor 26; the movement of the powder spreading scraper 13 along the X direction is realized by a set of small gantry motion mechanism, which includes two groups of scraper X-direction slider guide modules 12 on one side, which are driven by the scraper screw motor 14 and supported by a single group of scraper X-direction slider guide modules 12 on the other side.

[0039] Reference Figure 7 A tool magazine 16 is installed on the gantry-type machining platform 2, and the swing-head electric spindle 8-1 and the tool magazine 16 cooperate to replace the specified model of the tool 8-7; the tool magazine 16 is separated from the machining area by a sheet metal baffle 19 including an opening and closing door to achieve dust protection; the tool 8-7 replaced by the swing-head electric spindle 8-1 in the tool magazine 16 can be detected by the tool length of the tool setting instrument 20 installed on the gantry-type machining platform 2.

[0040] Reference Figure 8Considering that the processing area above the substrate 10 serves for a long time in the dust environment caused by the powder bed, the X-axis linear motor 2-5 and the two groups of X-axis slider guide modules 2-6 on the gantry processing platform 2 are all protected by the first X-axis dust-proof curtain 2-8, and the single group of Y-axis slider guide module 2-2 on one side is protected by the third Y-axis dust-proof curtain 2-9, and the two groups of Y-axis slider guide modules 2-2 and the Y-axis linear motor 2-3 on the other side are all protected by the second Y-axis dust-proof curtain 2-10; the single group of scraper X-axis slider guide module 12 on one side of the powder spreading mechanism is protected by the first scraper curtain 27, and the two groups of scraper X-axis slider guide modules 12 and the scraper screw motor 14 on the other side are all protected by the second scraper curtain 28.

[0041] The basic process flow of this equipment's material increase and reduction linkage is as follows: Figure 5 , the laser galvanometer 9-1 first moves to the top of the substrate 10 to scan the laser powder bed with a high-energy laser beam. In this process, for each layer of additive manufacturing, the substrate 10 will drop by one additive powder layer thickness, and the powder feeding plate 11 will be raised to a certain height, and the powder scraper 13 will evenly spread the powder pushed out by the powder feeding plate 11 on the substrate 10 to form a new powder layer; after a certain number of additive processes have been performed, the galvanometer slide 9 moves with the laser galvanometer 9-1 to the extreme position in the positive direction of X, and the swing head slide 8 will move to the top of the substrate 10, refer to Figure 4 , the tool 8-7 on the swing head electric spindle 8-1 performs subtractive processing on the already formed features of the target part 15. At this time, the galvanometer slide 9 can move together with the X-direction motion slide 2-1 and does not interfere with the movement of the swing head slide 8. After completing the subtractive processing of this part of the features, the swing head slide 8 will return to the X-negative direction limit position, leaving space for the galvanometer slide 9 to move in the X direction, and the powder feeding plate 11 and the powder spreading scraper 13 will move together to evenly spread the uneven powder bed caused by the subtractive processing, and the laser galvanometer 9-1 will return to the top of the substrate 10 (back to Figure 5 The additive process of the next part of the feature is continued in this reciprocating cycle, ultimately achieving precision manufacturing of parts with complex features.

[0042] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0043] The present invention can realize real-time monitoring of the processing status of parts, ensure the quality stability of the parts during the material addition and subtraction processing, and realize non-destructive prediction of the final quality of the parts; specifically: Fig. 9In the additive process, four additive acoustic emission sensors 9-3 will descend on both sides of the laser galvanometer 9-1 to collect acoustic signals around the additive area. According to the acoustic wave signal generated when the laser impacts the top layer of powder particles, the acoustic waveforms corresponding to various types of holes such as unfused holes, pores, keyholes, etc. can be distinguished through time-frequency domain feature analysis, and the holes and part density that may be generated in the additive processing process can be predicted. The quality of each partition of the part can also be judged based on the signals collected by the acoustic emission sensors 9-3 at the four positions; at the same time, the high-energy laser promotes the melting process of powder particles and also induces the generation of plasma above the molten pool. The two groups of spectral signal sensors 17-1 can The collection of plasma spectral signals and material combustion spectra can further determine the generation of hole defects in the material melting process and the main enriched element types in the molten pool, which helps to predict the segregation of materials; finally, the coaxial high-dynamic infrared temperature measurement system that can be integrated into the laser galvanometer 9-1 itself will collect the temperature and basic morphology of the material molten pool at high speed during the laser scanning process, and provide feedback on whether the process is stable and whether serious spattering and spheroidization occurs; through the collection and analysis of acoustic and optical signals, an association library of "process parameters-multi-source signals-defect types" in the part additive process can be established to guide the adjustment of process parameters in the additive process and predict the internal defects generated in the part additive process.

[0044] Reference Fig.10In the subtractive process, four groups of subtractive acoustic emission sensors 10-1 are installed at the four corners below the substrate 10 to collect the acoustic signals generated by material deformation or fracture when the tool 8-7 contacts the target part 15. According to the signal analysis, the surface roughness of the surfaces of the parts in different orientations after subtractive processing can be predicted; the reason for using two types of acoustic emission sensors is that the additive powder particles are not connected to the target part 15, the loose stacking of powder particles is not conducive to the propagation of acoustic signals, and the top of the powder layer will further increase the sensor collection distance as the number of additive layers increases, and the stability of signal collection cannot be ensured. Therefore, it is necessary to collect from top to bottom, closer to the powder bed surface and with a constant test distance. Additive acoustic emission sensors 9-3 are used for collection. In comparison, because the subtractive processing occurs on the surface of the target part 15, the acoustic signal can be Its entity, passing through the tightly connected substrate 10 entity, is effectively collected by the subtractive acoustic emission sensor 10-1. Considering that the galvanometer slide 9 must carry the additive acoustic emission sensor 9-3 away from the processing area during the subtractive process, only the subtractive acoustic emission sensor 10-1 can be used for analysis at this time; a mechanical signal sensor 10-2 is also installed in the center below the substrate 10. According to the mechanical signal generated during the subtractive process, it can intuitively reflect the cutting amount of the tool 8-7 and whether the cutting process is stable, assist in predicting the surface quality of the part, and avoid the generation of excessively large strip chips, which affects the subsequent additive process; through the collection and analysis of acoustic and mechanical signals, an association library of "process parameters-multi-source signals-surface quality" of the part subtractive process can be established to guide the process adjustment of the subtractive process and predict the final surface quality of the part after the subtractive process.

[0045] Reference Fig.10 Since the tool 8-7 equipped in the present invention can be replaced by a contact three-dimensional probe 8-8, it is possible to pre-detect the actual size of the area to be processed after each additive manufacturing of a partial feature of the part, thereby ensuring the subtractive machining allowance, and to detect the actual dimensional accuracy of the partial feature after the subtractive machining is completed. Combined with the detection results of all additive and subtractive linkage partial features, it is possible to achieve non-destructive prediction of the dimensional accuracy of parts with closed / semi-closed inner surface features.

[0046] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-source sensor fusion laser powder bed fusion five-axis additive and subtractive composite equipment, including a laser powder bed machine tool base (3), characterized in that: The machine tool base (3) is connected to a gantry-type processing platform (2), and the gantry-type processing platform (2) is connected to a sealing cover (1). The material addition and subtraction process is carried out on a base plate (10) of a powder feeding mechanism under laser powder bed melting. The coordinated movement of the base plate (10), a powder feeding plate (11) and a powder spreading scraper (13) realizes the supply of powder, and can discharge excess powder and chips generated by milling into a powder recovery tank (4); an XY axis movement mechanism on the gantry-type processing platform (2) is provided with a A swing head slide (8) is installed, and the swing head slide (8) realizes the Z-direction movement of the swing head electric spindle (8-1), and combines with the A / C axis rotation of the swing head electric spindle (8-1) to realize the five-axis material reduction process; a galvanometer slide (9) is installed on the XY axis motion mechanism on the gantry type processing platform (2), and the laser galvanometer (9-1) fixed on the galvanometer slide (9) can be moved to the top of the substrate (10), and the laser powder bed is laser scanned to realize the laser powder bed material addition process.

2. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing cover (1) realizes the sealing of the processing area on the gantry type processing platform (2), and also realizes the sealing of the area connected to the inside of the machine tool base (3); the sealing cover (1) is assembled from a plurality of stainless steel plates, and is provided with a maintenance window (1-1) and a casting sealing maintenance plate (1-2); a sealing door (1-3) is provided in front of the sealing cover (1), and an oxygen sensor (6) and a gas pressure sensor (7) are provided on the top of the sealing cover (1).

3. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis motion of the XY-axis motion mechanism on the gantry-type processing platform (2) is achieved by installing two sets of Y-axis slide rail modules (2-2) and a Y-axis linear motor (2-3) on one side of the Y-axis, and the two sets of Y-axis slide rail modules (2-2) and the Y-axis linear motor (2-3) are connected as the driving end; a single set of Y-axis slide rail module (2-2) is installed on the other side of the Y-axis as the supporting end to drive the X-axis motion slide (2-1) to move stably in the Y direction; the XY-axis motion The X-axis motion of the dynamic mechanism is realized by installing an X-axis linear motor (2-5) and two sets of X-axis slider guide modules (2-6) on the X-axis motion slide (2-1), and the X-axis linear motor (2-5) and the two sets of X-axis slider guide modules (2-6) are connected, so that the swing head slide (8) and the galvanometer slide (9) connected to the X-axis slider guide modules (2-6) can move back and forth along the X direction, and the whole can follow the X-axis motion slide (2-1) in the Y direction.

4. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing head slide (8) is connected to two groups of X-direction slider guide modules (2-6) through an internal swing head X-direction slide (8-2); a Z-direction linear motor (8-3) and two groups of Z-direction slider guide modules (8-4) are installed on the swing head X-direction slide (8-2); the Z-direction linear motor (8-3) and the two groups of Z-direction slider guide modules (8-4) are connected; the two groups of Z-direction slider guide modules (8-4) are connected to the swing head Z-direction slide (8-5); the swing head Z-direction slide (8-5) is connected to the swing head Z-direction slide (8-6); 5) is connected to a swing-head electric spindle (8-1); the swing-head electric spindle (8-1) is connected to a tool (8-7), and the tool (8-7) performs five-axis linkage subtractive processing on a target part (15) through XYZ three-axis motion combined with the spatial swing of the swing-head electric spindle (8-1); the tool (8-7) can be replaced with a three-dimensional probe (8-8) after completing the five-axis subtractive processing, and the dimensional accuracy of each current position of the target part (15) can be detected by the three-dimensional probe (8-8).

5. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The galvanometer slide (9) can realize the free movement of the laser galvanometer (9-1) in the X and Y directions. During the additive process, the laser galvanometer (9-1) has a coaxial high-dynamic infrared temperature measurement system to monitor the laser molten pool. Four sets of electric guide rails (9-2) are installed around one end of the galvanometer slide (9) close to the laser galvanometer (9-1) to allow the additive acoustic emission sensor (9-3) to descend along the Z direction to monitor the acoustic signals of the additive process of the entire powder bed; the spectral signal sensor (17-1) is fixed on the gantry processing platform (2) through a magnetic base (17) to monitor the optical signals of the additive process.

6. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate (10) is fixed on a sensor protection shell (18) below, and the sensor protection shell (18) is finally fixed to the substrate top column (21) through multiple metal plates below. Four subtractive acoustic emission sensors (10-1) and a mechanical signal sensor (10-2) are arranged in the sensor protection shell (18) to respectively monitor the acoustic signal and milling force generated in the subtractive process.

7. The composite equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate top column (21) realizes the movement of the substrate top column (21) in the Z direction through the substrate Z-direction slider guide rail (22) and the substrate screw motor (23); a powder feeding plate top column (24) is arranged below the powder feeding plate (11), and the powder feeding plate top column (24) realizes the movement of the powder feeding plate top column (24) in the Z direction through the powder feeding plate Z-direction slider guide rail (25) and the powder feeding plate screw motor (26).

8. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movement of the powder spreading scraper (13) along the X direction is achieved by a set of small gantry motion mechanisms, which include two groups of scraper X-direction slider guide rail modules (12) on one side, the scraper X-direction slider guide rail modules (12) on this side are driven by a scraper lead screw motor (14), and supported by a single group of scraper X-direction slider guide rail modules (12) on the other side.

9. The composite equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tool magazine (16) is installed on the gantry-type processing platform (2); the swing-head electric spindle (8-1) and the tool magazine (16) cooperate to replace a tool (8-7) of a specified model; the tool magazine (16) is separated from the processing area by a sheet metal baffle (19) including an opening and closing door; the tool (8-7) replaced by the swing-head electric spindle (8-1) in the tool magazine (16) can be detected for tool length by a tool setting instrument (20) installed on the gantry-type processing platform (2).

10. The composite equipment according to claim 3 or 8, characterized in that: The X-direction linear motor (2-5) and two groups of X-direction slider guide rail modules (2-6) on the gantry processing platform (2) are protected by a first X-direction dustproof curtain (2-8); a single group of Y-direction slider guide rail modules (2-2) on one side are protected by a third Y-direction dustproof curtain (2-9); and two groups of Y-direction slider guide rail modules (2-2) and the Y-direction linear motor (2-3) on the other side are protected by a second Y-direction dustproof curtain (2-10); a single group of scraper X-direction slider guide rail modules (12) on one side of the powder spreading mechanism are protected by a first scraper curtain (27); and two groups of scraper X-direction slider guide rail modules (12) and the scraper lead screw motor (14) on the other side are protected by a second scraper curtain (28).

Images