A tool state real-time monitoring and wear compensation integrated intelligent tool bit

Abstract

The application provides a tool state real-time monitoring and wear compensation integrated intelligent turning tool. The integrated intelligent turning tool utilizes a vibration sensor and a force sensor to measure vibration and force in real time during turning, and based on a flexible hinge group, a certain artificial intelligence model is used to predict the wear state and remaining life of the turning tool, and a compensation value is fed back to a control system to control a piezoelectric driver to realize wear compensation. The integrated intelligent turning tool can realize real-time measurement and wireless transmission of vibration and force in turning to an upper computer, and can realize tool state monitoring, tool wear prediction and remaining life and other functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to an intelligent turning tool that integrates real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation. Background Technology

[0002] Turning tools are among the most widely used cutting tools in manufacturing. Many high-precision, high-surface-quality basic components are machined by turning. During turning, due to the high-speed, high-frequency friction between the tool and the material, wear will occur after a period of use, leading to a decrease in machining accuracy. Simultaneously, improper settings of parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and spindle speed can result in low machining efficiency or accelerated tool wear, reducing tool life. In severe cases, it can even cause chipping, tool breakage, and other abnormal conditions, thereby reducing the surface quality of the machined workpiece or even damaging the machine tool spindle.

[0003] With the development of technologies such as sensors, electronics, signal processing, and computers, these technologies are increasingly being applied to manufacturing. When combined with these technologies, manufacturing processes can be monitored more comprehensively, meticulously, and in a timely manner, reflecting the machining status. Machine learning and other methods can be used to identify features in the collected signals, thereby determining tool wear and remaining tool life. These results can be used to guide actual operations, such as tool changing and optimizing cutting parameters, or fed back to the control system to control piezoelectric drives, damping vibration absorbers, etc., to achieve wear compensation, vibration reduction, and other objectives.

[0004] Therefore, applying technologies such as sensors, electronics, signal processing, and computers to turning can monitor and control various abnormal situations in a timely manner. However, in current research on monitoring machining status and identifying tool status, most studies only collect and analyze single signals. A single signal is not comprehensive enough to reflect the status, often leading to inaccurate or even incorrect judgments or identifications. Moreover, this type of research mostly remains at the analytical level and does not directly optimize actual machining. In research on controlling machining status, most studies only focus on the single aspect of "control" without monitoring and analyzing the machining status, failing to form a complete control loop, and usually only controlling a specific abnormal situation. A few more comprehensive studies, however, cannot avoid the drawbacks of system complexity, large structural modifications, integration difficulties, or narrow application scope.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an intelligent turning tool that integrates real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent turning tool that integrates real-time tool status monitoring and wear compensation to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of this invention is as follows: an integrated intelligent turning tool with real-time tool status monitoring and wear compensation, including a cutting tool, a tool head, a tool holder, a clamping part, and an information acquisition unit.

[0008] The tool holder is a rectangular strip structure. The two ends of the tool holder are marked as the head end and tail end, respectively. The four side walls of the tool holder are marked as side wall I, side wall II, side wall III, and side wall IV, respectively. The cutting head is located at the head end of the tool holder. A blade is detachably fixed to the cutting head. The cutting head and the tool holder together form a tool arm. A vibration sensor mounting hole is formed on the tool arm along the axial direction of the tool holder. A tool holder signal hole is also provided inside the tool holder. The tool holder signal hole connects to the vibration sensor mounting hole and the outside. One side opening of the tool holder signal hole is located on side wall IV. Shallow grooves are formed on the four side walls of the tool holder near the head end. A circuit board housing is provided over the shallow grooves of side wall IV. The circuit board housing and side wall IV enclose an accommodating space.

[0009] The clamping portion has an inner cavity. The tail end of the tool bar extends into the inner cavity of the clamping portion. A flexible hinge is fixedly installed between the side wall of the tool bar and the cavity wall. A piezoelectric ceramic actuator is installed between the tail end face of the tool bar and the bottom of the inner cavity.

[0010] The information acquisition unit includes four PVDF force sensors, a data acquisition and processing circuit board, and a vibration sensor. The PVDF force sensors are mounted in a shallow groove. The vibration sensors are arranged in vibration sensor mounting holes, the openings of which are sealed with plugs. The data acquisition and processing circuit board is arranged in an accommodating space. The PVDF force sensors, vibration sensors, and piezoelectric ceramic actuators are all connected to the data acquisition and processing circuit board. The tool holder signal hole is used to accommodate sensor wires.

[0011] During operation, the workpiece undergoes plastic deformation under the action of the cutting blade. PVDF force and vibration sensors collect vibration and force signals during the cutting process. The data acquisition and processing circuit board transmits the signals to a host computer. The host computer performs decision analysis on the cutting conditions and controls the piezoelectric ceramic actuator for wear compensation.

[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition and processing circuit board integrates a signal processing module, a data processing module, a wireless transmission module, a power supply module, and a lithium battery. The power supply module is electrically connected to the lithium battery. The PVDF force sensor generates an electric charge, which is processed by the signal processing module to obtain a voltage signal. The two different sets of voltage signals corresponding to the PVDF force sensor and the three-dimensional vibration sensor are converted and encoded by the data processing module. The encoded digital signal is transmitted to the wireless transmission module. The wireless transmission module then transmits the encoded digital signal to the host computer.

[0013] Furthermore, a power switch is provided on the outer wall of the circuit board casing. The power switch is connected to the power supply module and controls the on / off switching of power supply from the lithium battery.

[0014] Furthermore, the lithium battery is a rechargeable lithium battery. A charging port is provided on the outer wall of the circuit board casing. The charging port is connected to the power supply module.

[0015] Furthermore, the wireless transmission module communicates with the host computer via Bluetooth, WiFi, or 5G.

[0016] Furthermore, the circuit board housing is fixedly connected to the tool holder by screws.

[0017] Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is formed by stacking several piezoelectric actuators. The body of the piezoelectric ceramic fixing rod extends from the tail end of the clamping part, passes through the piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and is fixedly connected to the tail end of the tool bar.

[0018] Furthermore, each flexible hinge adopts an arc-shaped flexible hinge structure.

[0019] This invention also discloses a method for real-time monitoring and wear compensation of the tool status of the integrated intelligent turning tool described above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] 1) Collect the vibration signal and cutting force signal of the tool during the cutting process.

[0021] 2) Preprocess the signal data collected in step 1) to obtain the model construction dataset.

[0022] 3) Construct a neural network model for real-time monitoring of initial tool condition and wear compensation.

[0023] 4) Based on the model construction dataset, the initial tool condition real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation are trained to obtain the trained tool condition real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation.

[0024] 5) Monitor the vibration and cutting force signals of the tool during the cutting process, and input the processed real-time signal feature set into the real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation of the tool status to perform decision analysis on the cutting condition of the tool to be tested, so as to make accurate judgments and predictions on tool wear and remaining life.

[0025] 6) The piezoelectric actuator generates axial deformation to achieve axial micro-displacement and thus wear compensation.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 2), feature extraction is performed on the original signal to reduce its dimensionality and accelerate subsequent processing. Feature selection is also performed to reduce the total amount of data.

[0027] The technical advantages of this invention are undeniable: by combining sensors and processing circuits with the cutting tool itself, and machining and assembling it on the basis of an existing ordinary cutting tool, the intelligent cutting tool signal acquisition section can be constructed. Utilizing four sets of flexible hinges evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the overall rigidity is enhanced while ensuring that the tool holder can compensate axially under the drive of the piezoelectric actuator. Furthermore, the signal acquisition and processing circuit is designed using modular thinking to achieve the acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of two types of cutting signals. Real-time monitoring of three-dimensional vibration and force signals during the cutting process is achieved. Compared to measuring a single force signal, multi-signal fusion can more timely and comprehensively characterize the cutting state of the tool, such as chipping and breakage, reflecting tool wear and predicting remaining tool life to guide tool changes and other operations. Wireless data transmission is achieved through an integrated circuit board, reducing the overall size of the data acquisition section. The drive section adopts a semi-enclosed structure to avoid damage to the flexible hinges and piezoelectric actuator from chips and cutting fluid. The four sets of flexible hinges evenly distributed around the tool holder maximize overall rigidity. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a lathe tool;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the lathe tool;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a dimensional diagram of a flexible hinge.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the external dimensions of the vibration sensor.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of each module on the data acquisition circuit board;

[0033] Figure 6 A simplified model for the measurement principle of piezoelectric vibration sensors;

[0034] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a single PVDF;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram for real-time monitoring and wear compensation.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Cutting tool insert; 3. Tool head; 4. PVDF force sensor; 5. Tool holder; 10. Clamping part; 11. Power switch; 12. Charging port; 13. Circuit board housing; 16. Plug; 19. Data acquisition and processing circuit board; 23. Vibration sensor; 24. Vibration sensor mounting hole; 25. Tool holder signal hole; 28. Flexible hinge; 29. ​​Piezoelectric ceramic actuator; 30. Piezoelectric ceramic fixing rod; 31. Signal processing module; 32. Data processing module; 33. Wireless transmission module; 34. Power supply module; 35. Lithium battery. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Various substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 This embodiment provides an integrated intelligent turning tool with real-time tool status monitoring and wear compensation, including a cutting tool 1, a tool head 3, a tool holder 5, a clamping part 10, and an information acquisition unit.

[0040] The cutter bar 5 is a rectangular strip structure. The two ends of the cutter bar 5 are marked as the head end and tail end, respectively. The four side walls of the cutter bar 5 are marked as side wall I, side wall II, side wall III, and side wall IV, respectively. The cutter head 3 is located at the head end of the cutter bar 5. A blade 1 is detachably fixed to the cutter head 3. The cutter head 3 and the cutter bar 5 together form a cutter arm. A vibration sensor mounting hole 24 is provided on the cutter arm along the axial direction of the cutter bar 5. A cutter bar signal hole 25 is also provided inside the cutter bar 5. The cutter bar signal hole 25 connects to the vibration sensor mounting hole 24 and the outside. One side opening of the cutter bar signal hole 25 is located on side wall IV. Shallow grooves are provided on the four side walls of the cutter bar 5 near the head end. A circuit board housing 13 is provided over the shallow grooves of side wall IV. The circuit board housing 13 and side wall IV enclose an accommodating space.

[0041] The clamping portion 10 has an inner cavity. The tail end of the tool bar 5 extends into the inner cavity of the clamping portion 10. A flexible hinge 28 is fixedly provided between the side wall of the tool bar 5 and the cavity wall of the inner cavity. A piezoelectric ceramic actuator 29 is provided between the tail end face of the tool bar 5 and the bottom of the inner cavity.

[0042] The information acquisition unit includes four PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) force sensors 4, a data acquisition and processing circuit board 19, and a vibration sensor 23. The PVDF force sensors 4 are adhered to a shallow groove. The vibration sensor 23 is arranged in a vibration sensor mounting hole 24. The opening of the vibration sensor mounting hole 24 is sealed with a plug 16. The data acquisition and processing circuit board 19 is arranged in an accommodating space. The PVDF force sensors 4, vibration sensors 23, and piezoelectric ceramic actuator 29 are all connected to the data acquisition and processing circuit board 19. The tool bar signal hole 25 is used to accommodate sensor wires. The data acquisition and processing circuit board 19 integrates a signal processing module 31, a data processing module 32, a wireless transmission module 33, a power supply module 34, and a lithium battery 35. The power supply module 34 is electrically connected to the lithium battery 35. The PVDF force sensors 4 generate charge, which is processed by the signal processing module 31 to obtain a voltage signal. The two different voltage signals corresponding to the PVDF force sensor 4 and the three-dimensional vibration sensor 23 are converted and encoded by the data processing module 32. The encoded digital signals are then transmitted to the wireless transmission module 33. The wireless transmission module 33 transmits the encoded digital signals to the host computer.

[0043] During operation, the workpiece undergoes plastic deformation under the action of the cutting blade 1. The PVDF force sensor 4 and vibration sensor 23 collect vibration and force signals during the cutting process. The data acquisition and processing circuit board 19 transmits the signals to the host computer. The host computer performs decision analysis on the cutting conditions and controls the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 29 to perform wear compensation.

[0044] This embodiment provides a multi-sensor fusion intelligent cutting tool that can reflect the cutting state from multiple dimensions of signals, thus achieving higher accuracy. Simultaneously, analysis of the collected data allows for the inference of the tool wear condition, and further, through a piezoelectric drive structure based on flexible hinges, compensation for wear errors is directly achieved at the tool end. This embodiment integrates vibration and force sensors by creating mounting holes and signal line holes on the existing cutting tool, effectively combining the sensors with the tool and allowing for better transmission of tool vibration and strain to the sensors. Additionally, threaded holes are drilled on the back of the cutting tool to mount a signal acquisition and processing circuit board and a housing, enabling direct transmission of collected data to the host computer at the tool end for wireless and miniaturized operation. The housing protects the circuit board from damage caused by cutting fluid and chips. Finally, four sets of flexible hinges are evenly distributed around the rear half of the tool holder, and a piezoelectric actuator is installed behind the tool holder to achieve feed direction compensation.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] The main content of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that a power switch 11 is provided on the outer wall of the circuit board housing 13. The power switch 11 is connected to the power supply module 34 and controls the on / off of power supply from the lithium battery 35.

[0047] Example 3:

[0048] The main content of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the lithium battery 35 is a rechargeable lithium battery. A charging port 12 is provided on the outer wall of the circuit board housing 13. The charging port 12 is connected to the power supply module 34.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] The main content of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the wireless transmission module 33 communicates with the host computer via Bluetooth, WiFi or 5G connection.

[0051] Example 5:

[0052] The main content of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the circuit board housing 13 is fixedly connected to the tool bar 5 by screws.

[0053] Example 6:

[0054] The main content of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 29 is formed by stacking several piezoelectric actuators. The rod body of the piezoelectric ceramic fixing rod 30 extends from the tail end of the clamping part 10, passes through the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 29, and is fixedly connected to the tail end of the tool bar 5.

[0055] This embodiment utilizes vibration and force sensors to measure vibrations and forces during turning operations in real time. Based on a flexible hinge assembly, it predicts the wear state and remaining life of the cutting tool using a certain artificial intelligence model and feeds back a compensation value to the control system to control the piezoelectric actuator for wear compensation. First, a hole is drilled at the top of the tool head to install a miniature vibration sensor, which is then fixed with a square plug. Micro-holes are then machined along the tool shank axis to lead the vibration sensor's signal line to the rear, and a radial micro-hole connects it to the signal acquisition and processing circuit. Next, four circumferentially distributed square slots are milled near the tool head on the tool shank to install PVDF force sensors. Second, threaded blind holes are drilled at the rear of the tool shank to install the circuit board and housing, with holes at appropriate locations on the circuit board and housing to introduce the signal lines of the vibration and force sensors. Then, four sets of flexible hinges are evenly distributed around the tool holder behind the acquisition circuit to achieve unidirectional movement. Finally, a fixed rod is used to fix the stacked piezoelectric actuator in the space between the tool holder tail and the clamping structure to achieve actuation. This structure can realize real-time measurement of vibration and force during turning and wirelessly transmit it to the host computer, enabling functions such as tool condition monitoring, prediction of tool wear and remaining life.

[0056] Example 7:

[0057] The main content of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein, see [link to embodiment 1]. Figure 3 Each flexible hinge adopts an arc-shaped flexible hinge structure.

[0058] Example 8:

[0059] The main content of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 7. The vibration sensor 23 uses a 356A45 three-dimensional vibration sensor from PCB company to measure three-dimensional vibration. Its external dimensions are as follows... Figure 4 As shown. This sensor measures vibration based on the piezoelectric effect. The measurement principle is that when the sensor vibrates, the mass block fixed to the piezoelectric element inside it undergoes relative motion, causing polarization of the crystal inside the piezoelectric element and forming oppositely charged charges on its surface. The magnitude of the acceleration is reflected by measuring the amount of charge formed. Furthermore, when the vibration frequency of the measured object is much lower than the sensor's natural frequency, the output charge quantity and the magnitude of the acceleration are linearly related. Its basic principle can be simplified to a mass-spring-damping system, and its simplified mechanical model is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0060] Assuming the inertial mass block has mass m, the piezoelectric element is equivalent to a spring with elastic modulus k, and the equivalent damping coefficient is set to c. In this design, the sensor is fixed inside the cutter head by screw 15 and square plug 16. Assuming the external vibration signal is i... (t) The absolute displacements of the entire sensor and the inertial mass block are y and y, respectively.(t) and z (t) The displacement of the inertial mass block relative to the sensor base is x. (t) Then the kinematic description of the inertial mass block can be obtained as follows:

[0061]

[0062] By z (t) =x (t) -y (t) have to:

[0063]

[0064] Applying the Laplace transform to the above equation yields the frequency response characteristics of the sensing system:

[0065]

[0066] The amplitude-frequency response function and phase-frequency response function of the sensor can then be obtained, respectively:

[0067]

[0068] Where the damping ratio of the system is The natural frequency is Therefore, we can conclude that:

[0069]

[0070] Since the mass m of the inertial mass block and the equivalent damping c of the piezoelectric material are much smaller than the elastic coefficient k of its equivalent spring, the system damping ratio is much smaller than the system's natural frequency. Therefore, the above equation can be simplified to:

[0071]

[0072] Assume the area of ​​the inertial mass block acting on the piezoelectric element is S. f The lower surface area of ​​the piezoelectric element is S q The piezoelectric coefficient of a piezoelectric element is d. q From the piezoelectric equation, the relationship between the charge Q generated on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric element and the force F exerted by the inertial mass block can be obtained as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Combining Newton's second law F = k·z (t) =ma gives the relationship between the generated charge and acceleration as follows:

[0075]

[0076] As can be seen from the above vibration measurement principle, the piezoelectric acceleration vibration measurement method can directly and linearly reflect the corresponding acceleration value by measuring the output charge.

[0077] The PVDF sensor 4 generates charge due to the positive piezoelectric effect. After the charge signal is processed by the signal processing module 31 to obtain the voltage signal, the magnitude of the cutting force can be deduced from the relationship between strain and output voltage, and the magnitude of the triaxial force can be obtained through decoupling.

[0078] The force measurement principle is explained using a single PVDF force sensor 4 as an example. Figure 7 As shown, assuming the distance between the PVDF force sensor 4 and the point where the force is applied at the tool tip is L, and the main cutting force is F... y Vertical image downwards, radial force F x Extending to the right along the length of the PVDF. Consider the tool as a square-section cantilever beam clamped in the tool holder, and assume F... z The resulting shear strain is negligible.

[0079] In this application scenario, the PVDF is used as a sensor, there is no external electric field, and it is assumed that the pyroelectric effect is negligible. Figure 7 The schematic diagram shows the charge D generated per unit area in three directions by a single PVDF force sensor 4. i equal:

[0080]

[0081] Where matrix d is the piezoelectric modulus matrix, and its elements d ij Let be the piezoelectric modulus between the electrical displacement along the i-axis and the mechanical stress along the j-axis. Therefore, the charge generated by a single PVDF force sensor 4 is:

[0082] q=∫(D1dA1+D2dA2+D3dA3) (10)

[0083] In practice, the thickness of PVDF sensor 4 is very small, and it can be assumed to be under plane stress, i.e., σ3=σ4=σ5=0. Therefore, the charges generated by A1 and A2 can be ignored, and further, we can obtain:

[0084] q=∫D3dA3=∫(d 31 σ1+d 32 σ2)dA3 (11)

[0085] D3 refers to the amount of charge generated per unit area in the height direction by the PVDF sensor 4. This amount of charge is determined by the main cutting force F. y and radial force F x It is generated through the piezoelectric effect. First, for the main cutting force F... yIt exhibits strains ε1 and ε2 in its length and width directions, and the strains and stresses in these two directions have the following relationship:

[0086]

[0087] Where, ν ij Let E be the Poisson's ratio of the PVDF sensor material, representing the effect of the normal strain along the i-axis on the normal strain along the j-axis. i Let i be the Young's modulus of the PVDF sensor along the i-axis (each axis is shown in the figure, i, j = 1, 2, 3, where 1 represents the length direction, 2 represents the width direction, and 3 represents the height direction), and then we can obtain:

[0088]

[0089] Substituting into the formula for calculating q, we can obtain the result due to F y Amount of charge generated:

[0090]

[0091] Then, the strain ε1 is calculated using the standard bending formula, and Poisson's ratio υ is used. t Relate ε1 to ε2:

[0092]

[0093] Where H is the tool width, E t I is the Young's modulus of the cutting tool. zz Let be the area moment of inertia. Assume d 32 <<d 31 Substitute the above formula into q. y The calculation formula can be used to obtain the factor F. y The generated charge and F y The relationship between them:

[0094]

[0095] Similarly, we can obtain the factor F x The amount of charge generated by the action:

[0096]

[0097] In summary, the total charge generated by the PVDF sensor 4 is:

[0098]

[0099] Example 9:

[0100] See Figure 8This embodiment describes a method for real-time monitoring and wear compensation of the integrated intelligent turning tool according to embodiments 1-8, comprising the following steps:

[0101] 1) Collect the vibration signal and cutting force signal of the tool during the cutting process.

[0102] 2) Preprocess the signal data collected in step 1) to obtain the model building dataset. Extract features from the original signals to reduce the dimensionality of the signals and speed up subsequent processing. Select features to reduce the total amount of data.

[0103] 3) Construct a neural network model for real-time monitoring of initial tool condition and wear compensation.

[0104] 4) Based on the model construction dataset, the initial tool condition real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation are trained to obtain the trained tool condition real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation.

[0105] 5) Monitor the vibration and cutting force signals of the tool during the cutting process, and input the processed real-time signal feature set into the real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation of the tool status to perform decision analysis on the cutting condition of the tool to be tested, so as to make accurate judgments and predictions on tool wear and remaining life.

[0106] 6) After predicting the amount of wear, the control system drives the piezoelectric actuator 29 to generate axial deformation, thereby achieving axial micro-displacement to compensate for wear.

[0107] This embodiment, with minimal alteration to the original tool structure, integrates a vibration sensor, a force sensor, a signal acquisition and processing circuit with a WIFI wireless transmission module, and a piezoelectric actuator. This enables real-time measurement and uploading of three-dimensional vibration and force during turning to a host computer. The host computer program analyzes the data to determine tool wear, and then uses a piezoelectric actuator based on a flexible hinge to compensate for the wear. This tool design guides actual machining processes and is simple and convenient to implement, playing a crucial role in improving cutting conditions and facilitating timely tool replacement.

Claims

1. An intelligent turning tool integrating real-time tool status monitoring and wear compensation, characterized in that: It includes a blade (1), a blade head (3), a blade holder (5), a clamping part (10), and an information acquisition unit; The cutter bar (5) is a rectangular strip structure; the two ends of the cutter bar (5) are marked as the head end and the tail end, respectively; the four side walls of the cutter bar (5) are marked as side wall I, side wall II, side wall III and side wall IV, respectively; the cutter head (3) is arranged at the head end of the cutter bar (5); the cutter head (3) is detachably fixedly connected to the blade (1); the cutter head (3) and the cutter bar (5) together form a cutter arm; the cutter arm is provided with a vibration transmission along the axial direction of the cutter bar (5). Sensor mounting hole (24); the tool bar (5) is also provided with a tool bar signal hole (25); the tool bar signal hole (25) connects the vibration sensor mounting hole (24) and the outside; one side opening of the tool bar signal hole (25) is located on the side wall IV; the four side walls of the tool bar (5) are provided with shallow grooves near the head end; the shallow grooves of the side wall IV are covered with a circuit board shell (13); the circuit board shell (13) and the side wall IV enclose an accommodating space; The clamping part (10) has an inner cavity; the tail end of the tool bar (5) extends into the inner cavity of the clamping part (10); a flexible hinge (28) is fixedly provided between the side wall of the tool bar (5) and the cavity wall of the inner cavity; a piezoelectric ceramic actuator (29) is provided between the end face of the tail end of the tool bar (5) and the bottom of the inner cavity. The information acquisition unit includes four PVDF force sensors (4), a data acquisition and processing circuit board (19), and a vibration sensor (23); the PVDF force sensors (4) are pasted in a shallow groove; the vibration sensor (23) is arranged in a vibration sensor mounting hole (24); the opening of the vibration sensor mounting hole (24) is sealed with a plug (16); the data acquisition and processing circuit board (19) is arranged in an accommodating space; the PVDF force sensors (4), vibration sensors (23), and piezoelectric ceramic actuators (29) are all connected to the data acquisition and processing circuit board (19); the tool bar signal hole (25) is used to accommodate sensor wires; During operation, the workpiece undergoes plastic deformation under the action of the blade (1); the PVDF force sensor (4) and vibration sensor (23) collect force and vibration signals during the cutting process; the data acquisition and processing circuit board (19) transmits the signals to the host computer; the host computer performs decision analysis on the cutting conditions and controls the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (29) to perform wear compensation.

2. The intelligent turning tool with real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation integrated according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and processing circuit board (19) integrates a signal processing module (31), a data processing module (32), a wireless transmission module (33), a power supply module (34), and a lithium battery (35); the power supply module (34) is electrically connected to the lithium battery (35); the PVDF force sensor (4) generates charge, and the charge signal is processed by the signal processing module (31) to obtain a voltage signal; the two different sets of voltage signals corresponding to the PVDF force sensor (4) and the three-dimensional vibration sensor (23) are converted and encoded by the data processing module (32); the encoded digital signal is transmitted to the wireless transmission module (33); the wireless transmission module (33) transmits the encoded digital signal to the host computer.

3. The intelligent turning tool with real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation integrated into one according to claim 2, characterized in that: A power switch (11) is provided on the outer wall of the circuit board housing (13); the power switch (11) is connected to the power supply module (34), and the power switch (11) controls the on / off power supply of the lithium battery (35).

4. The intelligent turning tool with real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation integrated according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lithium battery (35) is a rechargeable lithium battery; a charging port (12) is provided on the outer wall of the circuit board housing (13); the charging port (12) is connected to the power supply module (34).

5. The intelligent turning tool integrating real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wireless transmission module (33) communicates with the host computer via Bluetooth, WiFi or 5G.

6. The intelligent turning tool integrating real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit board housing (13) is fixedly connected to the tool holder (5) by screws.

7. The intelligent turning tool integrating real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric ceramic actuator (29) is formed by stacking several piezoelectric actuators; the rod body of the piezoelectric ceramic fixing rod (30) extends from the tail end of the clamping part (10), passes through the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (29), and is fixedly connected to the tail end of the tool bar (5).

8. The intelligent turning tool integrating real-time tool status monitoring and wear compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each flexible hinge adopts an arc-shaped flexible hinge structure.

9. A method for real-time monitoring and wear compensation of the tool status of an integrated intelligent turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Acquire vibration signals and cutting force signals of the tool during the cutting process; 2) Preprocess the signal data collected in step 1) to obtain the model building dataset; 3) Construct a neural network model for real-time monitoring of initial tool condition and wear compensation; 4) Based on the model construction dataset, the initial tool condition real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation are trained to obtain the trained tool condition real-time monitoring neural network model and wear compensation; 5) Monitor the vibration signal and cutting force signal of the tool during the cutting process, and input the processed real-time signal feature set into the real-time monitoring neural network model of tool status and wear compensation to make decision analysis on the cutting condition of the tool to be tested, so as to make accurate judgment and prediction on tool wear and remaining life. 6) The piezoelectric actuator (29) generates axial deformation to achieve axial micro-displacement in order to achieve wear compensation.

10. The intelligent turning tool integrating real-time tool condition monitoring and wear compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), feature extraction is performed on the original signal to reduce the signal dimensionality and speed up subsequent processing; features are selected to reduce the total amount of data.

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