Tai Chi fishway structure

Abstract

The invention provides a Tai Chi fishway structure which comprises a plurality of fishway pond chamber units sequentially arranged in the downstream direction, each fishway pond chamber unit comprises an arc-shaped side wall, an arc-shaped flow deflecting plate, a first longitudinal side wall, a vertical side wall and a second longitudinal side wall, and the first longitudinal side wall, the vertical side wall and the second longitudinal side wall are arranged on the same side of a fishway. The head end of the arc-shaped flow deflecting plate of the ith fishway pond chamber unit is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall of the (i + 1) th fishway pond chamber unit, and the head end of the arc-shaped flow deflecting plate of the ith fishway pond chamber unit and the tail end of the vertical side wall of the (i + 1) th fishway pond chamber unit form a fish passing vertical seam matched with target fishes. Water flow of the ith fishway pond chamber unit is jetted to the arc-shaped side wall of the (i + 1) th fishway pond chamber unit through the fish passing vertical seam. The device has the advantages of being good in energy dissipation effect, high in flow state stability and good in fish passing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fishways, in particular to a Taiji fishway structure. Background Art

[0002] Fishway is an artificial channel for fish to migrate safely, timely and effectively. It is mainly composed of fishway entrance and exit, trough, induction and auxiliary facilities. There are two main types of fishways: natural fishways (natural fish ladders, fish slopes and fish bypasses) and technical fishways (vertical slot fishways, pool weir fishways, submerged fishways, culvert fishways and Daniel fishways). Among them, the vertical slot fishway is one of the most widely used and effective fishway types because of its simple structure and ability to adapt to changing upstream and downstream water levels. The vertical slot fishway was first developed in North America mainly to solve the problem of salmon migration in steep river sections, so it is also called the "salmon fishway".

[0003] like Figure 1 The vertical slot fishway shown is considered to be a standard vertical slot fishway. The water flow characteristics and energy dissipation principle of a standard vertical slot fishway are as follows: it consists of an inclined (or stepped) rectangular channel divided into multiple pools. The water flows from the upper pool to the lower pool through vertically oriented slots, forming a jet at each vertical slot, and energy dissipation occurs in each pool through jet mixing. The shear stress between the jet and the recirculating water body is dominant, while in contrast, the shear stress between the jet and the bed or wall is relatively weak. Therefore, the key to the design of a standard vertical slot fishway is to use the impact shear energy dissipation of the high-speed jet at the vertical slot, and to control the vertical slot flow velocity to be no greater than the burst flow velocity of the target fish, and to find a suitable balance between these two contradictions.

[0004] In order to improve the energy dissipation effect of vertical slot fishways, domestic and foreign scientific and technological researchers have done a lot of research work, such as arranging some physical obstacles (such as circular tube grids) in the pool chamber of standard vertical slot fishways to manipulate the water flow characteristics of the pool chamber. Although these measures have a certain effect on improving water flow conditions, they have not been used in actual projects because physical obstacles hinder the behavior of upstream fish.

[0005] In addition, the roughness of the side walls and bottom of the standard vertical slot fishway is increased in the hope of improving the energy dissipation effect. However, the mainstream of the standard vertical slot fishway is in the middle of the pool, and the side walls and bottom generally have low flow velocities or are backflow slow flow areas, so the effects of the above measures are not obvious.

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a Taiji fishway structure to solve or at least alleviate the above defects. Summary of the invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a Taiji fishway structure to solve the problems of poor energy dissipation effect and poor fish passing effect of the existing vertical slot fishway.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a Tai Chi fishway structure, comprising a plurality of fishway chamber units arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow, each of the fishway chamber units comprising an arc-shaped side wall, an arc-shaped flow-diverting plate, and a first longitudinal side wall, a vertical side wall, and a second longitudinal side wall arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein:

[0009] The arc-shaped side wall is arranged on the opposite side of the second longitudinal side wall, the arc-shaped side wall is bent toward the second longitudinal side wall and extends along the direction of the water flow, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped side wall, and the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is bent toward the arc-shaped side wall, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate includes a head end and a tail end which are arranged opposite to each other along the direction of the water flow, the head end of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is connected with the tail end of the arc-shaped side wall, and the tail end of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate extends from the head end of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate to the middle area of ​​the pool chamber;

[0010] The first longitudinal side wall is arranged upstream of the vertical side wall and extends longitudinally along the fishway, the vertical side wall is perpendicular to the first longitudinal side wall, and the second longitudinal side wall is arranged downstream of the vertical side wall and extends longitudinally along the fishway;

[0011] The head end of the arc-shaped diverter plate of the ith fishway chamber unit is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1th fishway chamber unit, the head end of the arc-shaped diverter plate of the ith fishway chamber unit and the end of the vertical side wall of the i+1th fishway chamber unit form a fish-passing vertical slit that matches the target fish, and the water flow of the ith fishway chamber unit is ejected toward the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1th fishway chamber unit through the fish-passing vertical slit; wherein i is a positive integer, i≥1.

[0012] Preferably, the arc-shaped side wall of each of the fishway chamber units comprises a first arc segment, a straight segment and a second arc segment which are connected in sequence along the direction of water flow, the tail end of the first arc segment is tangent to the head end of the straight segment, the tail end of the straight segment is tangent to the head end of the second arc segment, and the tail end of the second arc segment is connected to the head end of the arc-shaped deflector plate.

[0013] Preferably, the arc-shaped diversion plate is an arc-shaped plate with a radius equal to the radius of the second arc segment, the projection length of the arc-shaped diversion plate on the second longitudinal side wall is ≤L / 3, and the distance between the arc-shaped diversion plate and the second longitudinal side wall is ≥B / 3, so that the flow velocity at the water flow confluence point of the fishway pool unit is not greater than the water flow velocity at the fish-passing vertical slit; wherein L is the length of the fishway pool unit along the direction of water flow, and B is the width of the fishway pool unit.

[0014] Preferably, the arc-shaped side wall is provided with a plurality of first columns arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the arc-shaped side wall.

[0015] Preferably, it further comprises a plurality of second upright posts arranged downstream of the vertical fish-passing slot, wherein the plurality of second upright posts are arranged in series.

[0016] Preferably, the number of the second columns is three, the angle between the arrangement direction of the three second columns and the longitudinal direction of the fishway is set between 20° and 30°, and the spacing between the second column located most upstream and the end of the vertical side wall is equal to the width of the vertical fish slot, and the spacing between two adjacent second columns is set to 2 to 3 times the diameter of the second column.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a plurality of third columns and a plurality of fourth columns, wherein the plurality of third columns are arranged in the area where the arc-shaped flow-providing plate is projected on the second longitudinal side wall, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second longitudinal side wall, and the plurality of fourth columns are arranged on the wall surface of the vertical side wall close to the third columns, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the vertical side wall.

[0018] Preferably, the width of the vertical fish-passing slit is set between 0.3 and 0.4 m, and the width of the fishway chamber unit is set between 2.5 and 3.5 m.

[0019] Preferably, the length L of the fishway chamber unit along the direction of water flow is determined by the formula L=K*B, wherein B is the width of the fishway chamber unit, and K is a coefficient, which is 1.25-1.5.

[0020] Preferably, the length l of the vertical side wall is determined by using the formula l≥B / 2.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This application has the advantages of good energy dissipation effect, high flow stability, and good fish passing effect. Specifically:

[0023] (1) The narrow vertical fish-passing slit generates a high-speed jet, and the inertial force of the water flow forms a stable flow in the form of a jet along the side wall of the mainstream arc segment. The shear stress between the jet and the side wall of the mainstream arc segment dominates the energy dissipation of the water body, followed by the friction shear force between the jet and the recirculating water body, so the energy dissipation effect is good. Furthermore, after adopting the arc-shaped diverter plate, the arc-shaped diverter plate makes the mainstream of the fishway chamber present an S-shaped distribution, and the mainstream path is longer than the mainstream of the fishway without the arc-shaped diverter plate. After further adding the first column, the second column, the third column and the fourth column, the energy dissipation method becomes a combination of side wall + collision + multiple energy dissipations along the way, and the energy dissipation efficiency is higher.

[0024] (2) The mainstream of the Taiji fishway of the present application flows along the curved side wall and then through the curved diversion plate from the exit of the previous fishway pool unit to the entrance of the next fishway pool unit, and a stable circulation slow flow area is formed in the rest of the pool room along the direction of the mainstream, providing a resting water space for upstream fish. It can maintain a clear mainstream and a stable flow state with distinct movement and stillness under different working conditions such as water depth and flow rate, and has strong applicability and compatibility. Combined with the biohydraulic model test described later, it can be seen that the vertical slit flow velocity of the Taiji fishway of the present application is small and the water level difference between pools is small, which means that under the same external conditions, the water flow condition of the Taiji fishway of the present application is better than that of the standard vertical slit fishway, and the flow loss is less, and it is not easy to generate hairpin vortices in the pool room. Therefore, it can maintain a clear mainstream and a stable flow state with distinct movement and stillness under different working conditions such as water depth and flow rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a standard vertical slot fishway in the prior art;

[0027] Figure 2 The relationship curve between the water depth and the passing efficiency of the standard vertical slot fishway chamber in the prior art;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a hairpin vortex in a standard vertical slot fishway pool in the prior art;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of hairpin vortices in a fishway pool in shallow water and their influence on fish behavior in a standard vertical slot fishway in the prior art;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of hairpin vortices in a fishway pool in a deep water state and their influence on fish behavior in a standard vertical slot fishway in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a Tai Chi fishway in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fishway chamber unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a structure with a first column in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the vortex street generated when the target fish swims;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a first column and a second column in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a structure having a first column, a second column, a third column and a fourth column in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.12 for Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure;

[0038] Fig.13 A cloud diagram of a flow velocity field in a fishway in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the flow field of the fishway without an arc-shaped flow plate in a biohydraulics model test in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a fishway flow field under the condition of a curved flow plate in a biohydraulics model test in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the flow field of the fishway under the conditions of the arc-shaped flow-inducing plate, the first column, the second column, the third column and the fourth column in the biohydraulic model test in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0043] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0044] 10. Fishway chamber unit; 110. Arc side wall; 111. First arc segment; 112. Straight segment; 113. Second arc segment; 120. Arc flow plate; 121. Head end of arc flow plate; 122. Tail end of arc flow plate; 130. First longitudinal side wall; 140. Vertical side wall; 150. Second longitudinal side wall; 160. Vertical fish slot; 171. First column; 172. Second column; 173. Third column; 174. Fourth column; 180. Main stream section; 190. Circulation slow flow area; 20. Standard vertical slot fishway; 30. Hairpin vortex; 40. Vortex street; 50. Target fish. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0048] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0049] Please refer to the attached Figures 1 to 13 A Tai Chi fishway structure in one embodiment of the present invention comprises a plurality of fishway chamber units 10 arranged in sequence along the direction of the water flow, each of the fishway chamber units 10 comprises an arcuate side wall 110, an arcuate flow-deflecting plate 120, and a first longitudinal side wall 130, a vertical side wall 140, and a second longitudinal side wall 150 arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein:

[0050] The arc-shaped side wall 110 is arranged on the opposite side of the second longitudinal side wall 150, the arc-shaped side wall 110 is bent toward the second longitudinal side wall 150 and extends along the direction of the water flow, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120 is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped side wall 110, and the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120 is bent toward the arc-shaped side wall 110, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120 includes a head end and a tail end which are arranged opposite to each other along the direction of the water flow, the head end 121 of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is connected with the tail end of the arc-shaped side wall 110, and the tail end 122 of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate extends from the head end 121 of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate to the middle area of ​​the pool chamber;

[0051] The first longitudinal side wall 130 is disposed upstream of the vertical side wall 140 and extends longitudinally along the fishway, the vertical side wall 140 is perpendicular to the first longitudinal side wall 130, and the second longitudinal side wall 150 is disposed downstream of the vertical side wall 140 and extends longitudinally along the fishway;

[0052] Among them, the head end 121 of the arc-shaped diversion plate of the i-th fishway chamber unit 10 is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall 110 of the i+1-th fishway chamber unit 10, and the head end 121 of the arc-shaped diversion plate of the i-th fishway chamber unit 10 and the end of the vertical side wall 140 of the i+1-th fishway chamber unit 10 (i.e., the end away from the second longitudinal side wall 150) form a fish-passing vertical slit 160 that matches the target fish, and the water flow of the i-th fishway chamber unit 10 is ejected toward the arc-shaped side wall 110 of the i+1-th fishway chamber unit 10 through the fish-passing vertical slit 160; wherein, i is a positive integer, i≥1.

[0053] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the fishway of the present application includes a plurality of fishway chamber units 10 arranged in sequence along the downstream direction, and the fish pass through each fishway chamber unit 10 in sequence from the upstream direction, and each fishway chamber unit 10 includes an arcuate side wall 110, an arcuate diversion plate 120, and a first longitudinal side wall 130, a vertical side wall 140, and a second longitudinal side wall 150 arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein the design of the arcuate side wall 110 imitates the curved shape in the natural river channel, which helps to guide the water flow and form a specific flow field, and the design of the arcuate side wall 110 also reduces the risk of collision between the fish and the side wall during the migration process; in order to further improve the practicality and efficiency of the Tai Chi vertical seam fishway, the present application also adds an arcuate diversion plate 120 at the tail end of the arcuate side wall 110, whose function is to increase the collision energy dissipation of the mainstream and the friction energy dissipation with the water body. In addition, the mainstream path is also increased, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped diversion plate 120 is an arc-shaped plate with a radius equal to the radius of the second arc segment 113, the projection length of the arc-shaped diversion plate 120 on the second longitudinal side wall 150 is ≤L / 3, and the distance between the arc-shaped diversion plate 120 and the second longitudinal side wall 150 is ≥B / 3, so that the flow velocity at the water flow confluence point of the fishway pool unit 10 is not greater than the water flow velocity at the fish passing vertical slit 160; wherein L is the length of the fishway pool unit 10 along the direction of the water flow, and B is the width of the fishway pool unit 10.

[0055] The present application increases the area of ​​the fishway chamber by setting a vertical side wall 140 (similar to a straight plate shape), thereby providing more resting water space for upstream fish.

[0056] It is worth noting that, combined with the Figure 6-7 As shown, the water flow characteristics of the Tai Chi fishway of the present application are: the mainstream always follows the arc side wall from the outlet section of the upper pool chamber to the inlet section of the lower pool chamber, while a stable circulating slow flow area 190 is formed in the rest of the pool chamber along the direction of the mainstream.

[0057] The energy dissipation characteristics of this form are: the narrow vertical slits generate high-speed jets, the inertial force of the water flow forms a stable flow in the form of jets along the circular side wall, and the shear stress between the jet and the arc side wall 110 dominates the energy dissipation of the water body, followed by the friction shear force between the jet and the recirculating water body. In addition, the fishway can maintain a stable flow state under different water depths and flow conditions, and has strong applicability and compatibility.

[0058] The variable i is introduced in the present application in order to intuitively describe the relationship between two adjacent fishway chamber units 10. The value of the variable i increases successively along the direction of water flow. A vertical fish-passing slit 160 matching the target fish is formed at the head end 121 of the arc-shaped diversion plate of the i-th fishway chamber unit 10 and the end of the vertical side wall 140 of the i+1-th fishway chamber unit 10, thereby achieving connectivity between the water flow and the fish between adjacent fishway chamber units 10. When water flows from the ith fishway chamber unit 10 through the fish-passing vertical slit 160 into the (i+1)th fishway chamber unit 10, since the fish-passing vertical slit 160 suddenly becomes narrower than the width of the chamber, the water flows in the narrowed fish-passing vertical slit 160 to generate a high-speed jet, and the head end 121 of the arc-shaped diverter plate of the ith fishway chamber unit 10 is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall 110 of the (i+1)th fishway chamber unit 10, and the water flows in the form of a high-speed jet toward the arc-shaped side wall 110 of the (i+1)th fishway chamber unit 10, flows along the arc-shaped side wall 110, flows along the arc-shaped diverter plate 120, and finally flows through the fish-passing vertical slit 160 to the next fishway chamber unit 10, please refer to the attached figure. Fig.13 , this schematic diagram is a schematic diagram of the flow field corresponding to the Tai Chi fishway structure of the present application, and the Velocity Magnitude in the figure is the flow velocity.

[0059] Secondly, the width of the vertical fish-passing slit 160 of the present application matches the target fish, for example, matches the native carp fish in my country, and can be suitable for carp fish of different sizes. It has strong adaptability. Carp fish can pass through the vertical fish-passing slit 160 and smoothly enter another fishway pool unit 10 from one fishway pool unit 10 in the direction against the current until the entire migration process is completed.

[0060] In the solution of the present application, a high-speed jet is generated through a narrow vertical fish-passing slot 160, and the inertial force of the water flow forms a stable flow in the form of a jet along the side wall of the mainstream arc section, which exists and dominates. The shear stress between the jet and the side wall of the mainstream arc section dominates the energy dissipation of the water body, followed by the friction shear force between the jet and the recycled water body. Compared with the existing standard L-shaped vertical slot fishway, the energy dissipation effect is better.

[0061] It should be noted by those skilled in the art that the applicant has conducted a large number of experimental studies on the upstream behavior and influencing factors of target fish, especially carp fish, in the vertical slot fishway. The study found that since carp fish mainly like to swim in the middle and bottom layers, the passing efficiency of the standard vertical slot fishway 20 is not only affected by the water flow velocity that is generally recognized, but also related to the water flow state of the fishway chamber, especially the water depth of the fishway that is not well known. Figure 2 The figure shows the relationship between the fishway passing efficiency and the water depth of the pool when the fishway type, geometric dimensions and slope ratio are constant. It can be seen from the figure that when the slope ratio is 1 / 70, when the water depth of the fishway pool is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0m, the passing efficiency of the target fish is relatively high; when the water depth is in the range of 1.1 to 1.5m, the passing efficiency of the target fish is barely acceptable; when the water depth is in the range of 1.5 to 2.0m, the passing efficiency of the target fish is relatively poor. Further research also revealed that the turbulence generated by the jet of the standard vertical slot fishway 20 will be transformed into a rapidly rotating downward vertical axis vortex structure under appropriate water depth conditions (when the water depth of the pool is large). The rotation axis of this vortex structure changes dramatically at the bottom of the pool, generating many unstable hairpin vortices 30, such as Figure 3 As shown, the middle and bottom layers of the pool chamber present complex three-dimensional water flow characteristics.

[0062] Combination Figure 4-5 As shown in the figure, the red color is the fish's upstream trajectory. This kind of water flow condition is easy for carp fish that prefer to swim in the middle and bottom layers to lose their way and lack the motivation to swim upstream. Figure 4-5 The flow pattern and fish behavior trajectory of the standard vertical slot fishway 20 also illustrate this problem.

[0063] Combination Figure 13-16 As shown, the mainstream of the Taiji fishway of the present application flows along the arc-shaped side wall 110 and then passes through the arc-shaped diversion plate 120 from the outlet of the previous fishway pool unit 10 to the entrance of the next fishway pool unit 10, and a stable circulation slow flow area 190 is formed in the rest of the pool room along the mainstream direction, providing a resting water space for upstream fish, and can maintain a clear mainstream and a stable flow state with distinct movement and stillness under different working conditions such as water depth and flow, and has strong applicability and compatibility. Combined with the biohydraulic model test described later, it can be seen that the vertical seam flow velocity of the Taiji fishway of the present application is small and the water level difference between pools is small, indicating that under the same external conditions, the water flow condition of the Taiji fishway of the present application is better than that of the standard vertical seam fishway 20, and the flow loss is small, and it is not easy to generate hairpin vortices 30 in the pool room, so it can maintain a clear mainstream and a stable flow state with distinct movement and stillness under different working conditions such as water depth and flow.

[0064] It is worth noting that the combination Figure 13-16As shown, according to the water flow characteristics of the fishway, the fishway can be named "Tai Chi fishway". First, the winding flow of the mainstream of the fishway and the circular circulation slow flow area 190 are similar to the Chinese Tai Chi diagram; second, the dynamic water in the fishway is rippling, and the static water is stable, reflecting a harmonious balance between movement and stillness; third, the water flow conditions of the fishway are similar to those of a winding natural river, which is in line with the natural attribute of fish swimming upstream. Going with the flow and making use of nature is also in line with the philosophical concept of Tai Chi.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment, the arcuate side wall 110 of each of the fishway chamber units 10 includes a first arcuate segment 111, a straight segment 112 and a second arcuate segment 113 which are connected in sequence along the direction of the water flow, the tail end of the first arcuate segment 111 is tangent to the head end of the straight segment 112, the tail end of the straight segment 112 is tangent to the head end of the second arcuate segment 113, and the tail end of the second arcuate segment 113 is connected to the head end 121 of the arc deflector.

[0066] Specifically, in order to make full use of the area of ​​the fishway chamber in this embodiment, in a preferred example, the arc-shaped side wall 110 is divided into 1 / 4 arc (first arc segment) + straight line segment 112 + 1 / 4 arc (second arc segment) to facilitate adjustment of the length of the fishway chamber and increase the applicability of the fishway.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped side wall 110 is provided with a plurality of first columns 171 arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the arc-shaped side wall 110 .

[0068] It is worth noting that, taking advantage of the fact that the mainstream of the Tai Chi vertical seam fishway runs along the curved side wall 110, the roughness of the mainstream curved side wall 110 is increased (such as installing roughened columns, convex and concave side walls, clustered horizontal grid frames, vertical and horizontal ribs, etc.) to increase the physical friction and collision between the mainstream and the side wall, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect of the fishway chamber.

[0069] The best measures for roughening the side walls are to dissipate energy in the mainstream and to create a vortex structure that is beneficial to fish migration. The specific materials, layout, and structural dimensions can be determined through model tests. Figure 8 Taking the first column 171 shown as an example, for carp fish, a D-shaped column (trapezoidal column) with a height of 10 to 15 cm and a width of 8 to 10 cm should be used, and the spacing between columns is 2 to 3 times the column width.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, it also includes a plurality of second columns 172 disposed downstream of the fish-passing vertical slot 160 , and the plurality of second columns 172 are arranged in series.

[0071] As a preferred example, the number of the second columns 172 is three, the angle between the arrangement direction of the three second columns 172 and the longitudinal direction of the fishway is set between 20° and 30°, and the spacing between the second column 172 located most upstream and the end of the vertical side wall 140 is equal to the width of the vertical fish slot 160, and the spacing between two adjacent second columns 172 is set to 2 to 3 times the diameter of the second column 172.

[0072] It should be noted that fish swimming has the behavioral characteristics of "group effect". The mechanism is that the vortex street 40 generated by the swinging of the tail fin of the leading fish can sense the fish behind, so that the fish can easily keep up with the group with the help of the vortex. Fig. 9 Using this mechanism, three second columns 172 are arranged in series at the rapid flow of the fish vertical slot 160, which can reduce the energy of the rapid flow and generate an artificial vortex street 40 behind the second columns 172 to attract and guide fish. Fig.10 shown.

[0073] As another preferred embodiment, it also includes a plurality of third columns 173 and a plurality of fourth columns 174. The plurality of third columns 173 are arranged in the area where the arc-shaped deflector plate 120 is projected on the second longitudinal side wall 150, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second longitudinal side wall 150. The plurality of fourth columns 174 are arranged on the wall surface of the vertical side wall 140 close to the third columns 173, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the vertical side wall 140.

[0074] It is worth noting that after the water flow in the pool chamber passes through the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120, it will shrink sharply before entering the outlet section of the pool chamber, and generate rapids again on the side wall at the outlet section. Therefore, the roughness (such as convex and concave side walls, clustered and horizontal grid frames, longitudinal and transverse ribs, etc.) is increased here (in the area where the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120 is projected on the second longitudinal side wall 150 and the vertical side wall 140 is on the wall surface close to the third column 173) Figure 11-12 As shown in the figure, the physical friction and collision between the mainstream and the side wall are increased to improve the energy dissipation effect of the fishway chamber. Fig.11 The arc arrow in the figure represents the main flow section 180 , and the circular line represents the circulation slow flow area 190 .

[0075] As a preferred example, the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 is set between 0.3 and 0.4 m, and the width of the fishway pool unit 10 is set between 2.5 and 3.5 m. It is worth noting that the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 is mainly determined by the body width and body length of the target fish, taking into account the formation of the water flow conditions in the fishway pool. For example, for carp fish, the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 is preferably set between 0.3 and 0.4 m. The determination of the width of the fishway pool unit 10 mainly considers the body length of the target fish and the formation of the flow state of the pool water. For example, for carp fish, it is generally taken as B = 2.5 to 3.5 m.

[0076] Furthermore, the length L of the fishway chamber unit 10 along the direction of the water flow is determined by using the formula L=K*B, wherein B is the width of the fishway chamber unit 10, and K is a coefficient, which is 1.25 to 1.5.

[0077] Furthermore, the length l of the vertical side wall 140 is determined by using the formula l≥B / 2.

[0078] Furthermore, the radius of the first arc segment is equal to the radius of the second arc segment, and the radius R of the first arc segment and the second arc segment is determined by using the formula R≤B / 2.

[0079] Furthermore, the length D of the straight line segment 112 is determined using the formula D=L-2R.

[0080] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 14-16 As shown, the present application also studies and analyzes the hydraulic characteristics and fish passing effect of the Taiji fishway of the present application through a biohydraulic model test method, as follows:

[0081] 1. Biohydraulic model test

[0082] The fishway aquatic biohydraulic model test combines hydraulics and aquatic biology research to conduct physical experimental simulations on the hydraulic characteristics of fishways with different structural types and different boundary conditions. The target fish are placed in the model to study the impact of specific water flow conditions on the behavior of the target fish, so as to judge the rationality of the fishway design.

[0083] 2. Test methods

[0084] 2.1 Experimental conditions

[0085] The biohydraulic model test is a very complex experimental study that requires high experimental conditions. The biohydraulic model laboratory is mainly composed of an ecological environment simulation (water quality pH value, oxygen content, water temperature, room temperature, light, etc.) monitoring and control system, a variable slope water tank, a water circulation system, a fish behavior monitoring system, etc.

[0086] The state of the test fish is greatly affected by the environment. To ensure the reliability and repeatability of the test, the test has particularly strict requirements on the water environment. In order to minimize the stress response of the test fish due to changes in the water environment, the test water bodies of the laboratory test fish temporary holding pond and the variable slope water tank are in the same system. The simulated ecological environment control system must be turned on all day during the test and non-test time periods to ensure that the water environment and the test fish are in a good and stable state.

[0087] The test water temperature was controlled at 25±1℃ in summer and autumn, and at 20±1℃ in winter and spring; the dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained above 8.50mg / L, and the pH value was maintained at around 7.5.

[0088] 2.2 Test conditions

[0089] Take the test slope as 1 / 40 and the flow rate as 4m 3 / h(1.11L / s, prototype 0.309m 3 / s) and the average water depth of the pool chamber is about 10cm. The hydraulic and hydrobiological model test is carried out as an example.

[0090] 2.3 Hydraulic parameter measurement

[0091] The hydraulic parameters measured on site during the model test are mainly: flow velocity at the vertical joints, water depth in the pool, water level difference between pools, flow pattern and flow field distribution.

[0092] 2.4 Aquatic biological tests

[0093] In order to obtain reliable and statistically significant biological test results, each test must ensure a sufficient number of test fish. In each group of comparative tests, 10 test fish were randomly placed in the fishway without the curved flow plate 120 and the downstream pool of the Taiji vertical slit fishway, and the test was repeated three times. A high-speed camera (Hikway video surveillance camera, model DS-2CD3386FWDV3-LS, Fig.15 ), the frame width of a single video is 1920, the frame height is 1080; the data rate and total bit rate are 2515kbps; the frame rate is 15.00 frames / second, and the behavioral characteristics of fish swimming upstream during the test are recorded in real time. Each set of experimental video data is immediately numbered and stored in a fixed memory for later extraction and data analysis.

[0094] 3. Analysis of test results

[0095] The series of energy dissipation measures and fish attracting and guiding measures taken in the fishway chamber without the curved flow-diverting plate 120 and the fishway finally formed with the curved flow-diverting plate 120, the first column 171, the second column 172, the third column 173 and the fourth column 174 were tested and analyzed. Figure 14-16As shown in the figure, multiple groups of repeated tests were conducted on its hydraulic characteristic parameters and fish passing effect. The specific test and analysis results are as follows:

[0096] 3.1 Analysis of hydraulic parameters

[0097] The test results of hydraulic parameters such as vertical slit flow velocity, flow pattern, water depth in the pool, water level difference between pools, and flow coefficient of the fishway without the curved flow plate 120 and with the curved flow plate 120, the first column 171, the second column 172, the third column 173, and the fourth column 174 are shown in Tables 1 and Figure 14-16 shown.

[0098] from Figure 14-16 By comparison, it can be seen that after adopting the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate 120 makes the mainstream of the fishway chamber ( Fig.15 The green part in the middle shows an S-shaped distribution. The main flow path is longer than that of the fishway without the arc-shaped diverter 120. The energy dissipation method becomes a combination of side wall + collision + multiple energy dissipations along the way, and the energy dissipation efficiency is higher. The energy dissipation effect is directly reflected in the flow velocity distribution of the fishway pool, which is Fig.14 It can be seen that the mainstream flow velocity of the fishway chamber without the curved flow plate 120 is between 0.45 and 0.65 m / s, and the flow velocity at the vertical seam is 0.55 m / s. After adding the curved flow plate 120, the mainstream flow velocity of the fishway chamber is between 0.25 and 0.40 m / s, and the flow velocity at the vertical seam is 0.32 m / s, and the flow velocity is reduced by about 42%, which is very effective.

[0099] from Fig.15 and 16 Comparison of the velocity distribution cloud diagram of the fishway pool shows that: after continuing to adopt the roughening and energy dissipation measures of the pool side walls (such as convex and concave side walls, clustered and horizontal grid frames, vertical and horizontal ribs, etc.), the physical friction and collision between the mainstream and the side walls are increased, and the energy dissipation effect of the fishway pool is improved. It can be seen from the figure that the mainstream velocity of the fishway pool is reduced from 0.25 to 0.40 m / s, and the velocity at the vertical seam is 0.32 m / s, to the mainstream velocity of the fishway pool from 0.15 to 0.30 m / s, and the velocity at the vertical seam is 0.30 m / s, and the energy dissipation effect is also very obvious.

[0100] Table 1 Fig.13 The corresponding fishway and Fig.16 Comparison of corresponding fishway hydraulic parameters

[0101]

[0102] From the results in Table 1, we can see that: Fig.16 The corresponding Taiji fishway vertical slit flow velocity is small and the water level difference between the pools is small, which means that under the same external conditions, the energy dissipation effect is better than Fig.13 The corresponding fishway without the curved diverter plate 120 is better.

[0103] 3.2 Analysis of aquatic biological parameters

[0104] (1) Pass rate (Pr)

[0105] The pass rate (Pr) is defined as the percentage of successfully upstreamed test fish to the total number of test fish;

[0106]

[0107] The number of successfully passed test fish is defined as the number of test fish that successfully upstreamed autonomously.

[0108] The data in Table 2 show that under the same environmental factors and similar water flow conditions, Fig.13 The corresponding fish passage rate of the fishway without the curved diverter plate 120 is 70%. Fig.16 The corresponding pass rate of Taiji Fishway is 86.7%. Fig.16 The corresponding Taiji fishway has a higher upstream passing rate than the test fish under this condition. Fig.13 The corresponding fishway without the curved diverter 120 is improved by 23.9%.

[0109] Table 2 Fig.13 The corresponding fishway and Fig.16 Comparison of corresponding fishway passing rate and passing time

[0110]

[0111] (2) Macro analysis of energy consumption

[0112] The energy consumption of the target fish during the upstream process is an important indicator of biological parameters. From the difference in flow velocity at the vertical slits of the two fishways in Table 1, and Figure 14-16 By comparison, we can judge Fig.16 The corresponding Taiji fishway ratio Fig.13 The corresponding fishway without the curved diverter 120 has a smoother water flow. It can also be seen from the test site and video materials that Fig.16 The tail-wagging frequency and amplitude of the target fish in the corresponding Taiji fishway pool are smaller than those in Fig.13 The corresponding behavior of the target fish in the fishway without the curved diverter 120 is shown in FIG. Fig.16 The corresponding Taiji fishway ratio Fig.13 The target fish in the fishway without the arc-shaped diverter plate 120 consumes less energy in the upstream process.

[0113] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Taiji fishway structure, characterized in that: The fishway chamber unit comprises a plurality of fishway chamber units arranged in sequence along the direction of the water flow, each of the fishway chamber units comprises an arc-shaped side wall, an arc-shaped flow-diverting plate, and a first longitudinal side wall, a vertical side wall, and a second longitudinal side wall arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein: The arc-shaped side wall is arranged on the opposite side of the second longitudinal side wall, the arc-shaped side wall is bent toward the second longitudinal side wall and extends along the direction of the water flow, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped side wall, and the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is bent toward the arc-shaped side wall, the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate includes a head end and a tail end which are arranged opposite to each other along the direction of the water flow, the head end of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate is connected with the tail end of the arc-shaped side wall, and the tail end of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate extends from the head end of the arc-shaped flow-diverting plate to the middle area of ​​the pool chamber; The first longitudinal side wall is arranged upstream of the vertical side wall and extends longitudinally along the fishway, the vertical side wall is perpendicular to the first longitudinal side wall, and the second longitudinal side wall is arranged downstream of the vertical side wall and extends longitudinally along the fishway; The head end of the arc-shaped diverter plate of the ith fishway chamber unit is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1th fishway chamber unit, the head end of the arc-shaped diverter plate of the ith fishway chamber unit and the end of the vertical side wall of the i+1th fishway chamber unit form a fish-passing vertical slit that matches the target fish, and the water flow of the ith fishway chamber unit is ejected toward the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1th fishway chamber unit through the fish-passing vertical slit; wherein i is a positive integer, i≥1.

2. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped side wall of each fishway chamber unit includes a first arc segment, a straight segment and a second arc segment which are connected in sequence along the direction of water flow, the tail end of the first arc segment is tangent to the head end of the straight segment, the tail end of the straight segment is tangent to the head end of the second arc segment, and the tail end of the second arc segment is connected to the head end of the arc-shaped flow-deflecting plate.

3. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc-shaped diversion plate is an arc-shaped plate with a radius equal to the radius of the second arc segment, the projection length of the arc-shaped diversion plate on the second longitudinal side wall is ≤L / 3, and the distance between the arc-shaped diversion plate and the second longitudinal side wall is ≥B / 3, so that the flow velocity at the water flow confluence point of the fishway pool unit is not greater than the water flow velocity at the fish-passing vertical slit; wherein L is the length of the fishway pool unit along the direction of water flow, and B is the width of the fishway pool unit.

4. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped side wall is provided with a plurality of first columns which are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the arc-shaped side wall.

5. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of second upright posts arranged downstream of the vertical fish-passing slot, wherein the plurality of second upright posts are arranged in series.

6. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the second columns is three, and the angle between the arrangement direction of the three second columns and the longitudinal direction of the fishway is set between 20° and 30°. The spacing between the second column located most upstream and the end of the vertical side wall is equal to the width of the vertical fish slot, and the spacing between two adjacent second columns is set to 2 to 3 times the diameter of the second column.

7. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of third columns and a plurality of fourth columns. The plurality of third columns are arranged in the area where the arc-shaped flow-providing plate is projected on the second longitudinal side wall, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second longitudinal side wall. The plurality of fourth columns are arranged on the wall surface of the vertical side wall close to the third columns, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the vertical side wall.

8. The Taiji fishway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The width of the fish-passing vertical slit is set between 0.3 and 0.4 m, and the width of the fishway chamber unit is set between 2.5 and 3.5 m.

9. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The length L of the fishway chamber unit along the direction of water flow is determined by the formula L=K*B, wherein B is the width of the fishway chamber unit, and K is a coefficient, which is 1.25 to 1.

5.

10. The Taiji fishway structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The length l of the vertical side wall is determined using the formula l≥B / 2.

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