Taiji fishway structure

Abstract

The application provides a Taiji fishway structure, which comprises a plurality of fishway pool chamber units arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, each fishway pool chamber unit comprising an arc-shaped side wall, an arc-shaped flip bucket, and a first longitudinal side wall, a vertical side wall and a second longitudinal side wall arranged on the same side of the fishway; the leading end of the arc-shaped flip bucket of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit is connected with the leading end of the arc-shaped side wall of the (i+1)-th fishway pool chamber unit; the leading end of the arc-shaped flip bucket of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit and the trailing end of the vertical side wall of the (i+1)-th fishway pool chamber unit form a fish-passing vertical gap matched with target fish; and the water flow of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit is shot to the arc-shaped side wall of the (i+1)-th fishway pool chamber unit through the fish-passing vertical gap. The application has the advantages of good energy dissipation effect, high flow stability and good fish-passing effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fishways, and particularly relates to a Taiji fishway structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] A fishway is an artificial channel for fish to safely, timely and effectively migrate, which mainly comprises a fishway inlet and outlet, a channel body, an induction and auxiliary facility and the like. The fishway mainly has two types of a natural type fishway (a natural fish ladder, a fish slope and a fish bypass and the like) and a technical type fishway (a vertical slit type fishway, a pool weir type fishway, a submerged type fishway, a culvert type fishway and a Daniel fishway and the like). The vertical slit type fishway is one of the most widely used and effective fishway types at present due to its simple structure and adaptability to variable upstream and downstream water levels. The vertical slit fishway was first developed in North America to mainly solve the migration problem of salmon in steep river sections, and therefore it is also called a "salmon fishway".

[0003] As shown in the vertical slit fishway, the standard vertical slit fishway is considered to have water flow characteristics and energy dissipation principles. The standard vertical slit fishway is composed of an inclined (or stepped) rectangular channel which is divided into multiple pools. Water flows from an upper pool to a lower pool through a vertically oriented slot, a jet is formed at each vertical slot, and energy dissipation occurs in each pool through jet mixing. The shear stress between the jet and the recirculating water body is dominant, while the shear stress between the jet and the bed or wall is relatively weak. Therefore, the key to the design of the standard vertical slit fishway is to utilize the impact shear of the high-speed jet at the vertical slit for energy dissipation and to control the vertical slit flow rate to be not greater than the burst flow rate of the target fish, and to find a suitable balance point between the two contradictions. Figure 1

[0004] In order to improve the energy dissipation effect of the vertical slit fishway, domestic and foreign scientific and technological researchers have done a lot of research work. For example, some physical obstacles (such as round pipe grids) are arranged in the pool room of the standard vertical slit fishway to manipulate the pool room water flow characteristics. Although these measures have a certain effect on the improvement of the water flow conditions, these measures are not currently used in actual projects due to the hindrance of the physical obstacles to the behavior of the upstream fish.

[0005] In addition, the roughness of the pool room side wall and the bottom of the standard vertical slit fishway is increased in order to improve the energy dissipation effect, but the mainstream of the standard vertical slit fishway is in the middle of the pool room, and the flow rate of the side wall and the bottom is generally low or is a backflow slow flow area. The effect of the above measures is not obvious.

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a Taiji fishway structure to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned defects. SUMMARY

[0007] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a Taiji fishway structure to solve the problems of poor energy dissipation effect and poor fish passing effect of the existing vertical slit fishway. ​

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present application provides a Taiji fishway structure, comprising a plurality of fishway pool chamber units arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, each of the fishway pool chamber units comprising an arc-shaped side wall, an arc-shaped flip bucket, and a first longitudinal side wall, a vertical side wall and a second longitudinal side wall arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein,

[0009] The arc-shaped side wall is arranged on the opposite side of the second longitudinal side wall, the arc-shaped side wall is curved towards the second longitudinal side wall and extends along the water flow direction, the arc-shaped flip bucket is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped side wall, and the arc-shaped flip bucket is curved towards the arc-shaped side wall, the arc-shaped flip bucket comprises a head end and a tail end arranged oppositely along the water flow direction, the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket is connected with the end of the arc-shaped side wall, and the tail end of the arc-shaped flip bucket extends from the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket to the middle region of the pool chamber.

[0010] The first longitudinal side wall is arranged upstream of the vertical side wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the fishway, the vertical side wall is perpendicular to the first longitudinal side wall, and the second longitudinal side wall is arranged downstream of the vertical side wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the fishway.

[0011] The head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1-th fishway pool chamber unit, the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit and the end of the vertical side wall of the i+1-th fishway pool chamber unit form a fish-passing vertical slit matched with the target fish, and the water flow of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit is shot to the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1-th fishway pool chamber unit through the fish-passing vertical slit; wherein i is a positive integer, i≥1.

[0012] Preferably, the arc-shaped side wall of each fishway pool chamber unit comprises a first arc-shaped segment, a straight segment and a second arc-shaped segment connected in sequence along the water flow direction, the tail end of the first arc-shaped segment is tangent to the head end of the straight segment, the tail end of the straight segment is tangent to the head end of the second arc-shaped segment, and the tail end of the second arc-shaped segment is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket.

[0013] Preferably, the arc-shaped flip bucket adopts an arc-shaped plate with a radius equal to that of the second arc-shaped segment, the projection length of the arc-shaped flip bucket on the second longitudinal side wall is ≤L / 3, and the distance between the arc-shaped flip bucket and the second longitudinal side wall is ≥B / 3, so that the flow velocity at the water flow convergence point of the pool chamber outlet of the fishway pool chamber unit is not greater than the water flow velocity at the fish-passing vertical slit; wherein L is the length of the fishway pool chamber unit along the water flow direction, and B is the width of the fishway pool chamber unit.

[0014] Preferably, the arc-shaped side wall is provided with a plurality of first vertical columns arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the arc-shaped side wall.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of second vertical columns are arranged downstream of the fish-passing vertical slot, and the plurality of second vertical columns are arranged in series.

[0016] Preferably, the number of the second vertical columns is three, the included angle between the arrangement direction of the three second vertical columns and the longitudinal direction of the fishway is arranged between 20° and 30°, and the distance between the most upstream second vertical column and the end of the vertical side wall is equal to the width of the fish-passing vertical slot, and the distance between the adjacent two second vertical columns is arranged to be 2 to 3 times the diameter of the second vertical column.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of third vertical columns and a plurality of fourth vertical columns are further included, the plurality of third vertical columns are arranged in the area range where the arc-shaped flip bucket projects on the second longitudinal side wall and are arranged in series along the extension direction of the second longitudinal side wall, and the plurality of fourth vertical columns are arranged on the wall surface of the vertical side wall close to the third vertical columns and are arranged in series along the extension direction of the vertical side wall.

[0018] Preferably, the width of the fish-passing vertical slot is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.4 m, and the width of the fishway pool chamber unit is arranged to be between 2.5 and 3.5 m.

[0019] Preferably, the length L of the fishway pool chamber unit along the water flow direction is determined by the formula L=K*B, wherein B is the width of the fishway pool chamber unit, and K is a coefficient, and K is 1.25 to 1.5.

[0020] Preferably, the length l of the vertical side wall is determined by the formula l≥B / 2.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The application has the advantages of good energy dissipation effect, high flow stability, and good fish-passing effect. Specifically:

[0023] (1) The narrow fish-passing vertical slot generates high-speed jet flow, and the inertial force of the water flow forms a stable flow in the form of jet flow along the side wall of the main flow circular arc segment, and the shear stress between the jet flow and the side wall of the main flow circular arc segment occupies the dominant position in water energy dissipation, followed by the frictional shear force between the jet flow and the recirculated water body, so the energy dissipation effect is good. Further, after the arc-shaped flip bucket is adopted, the arc-shaped flip bucket makes the main flow of the fishway pool chamber present an S-shaped distribution, and the main flow path is longer than that of the fishway without the arc-shaped flip bucket, further increasing the first vertical column, the second vertical column, the third vertical column, and the fourth vertical column, and the energy dissipation mode is changed to a combination of side wall + collision + along the way, and the energy dissipation efficiency is higher.

[0024] (2) The main flow of the Taiji fishway of the present application flows along the arc-shaped side wall, and then through the arc-shaped flipper plate from the outlet of the previous fishway pool chamber unit to the inlet of the next fishway pool chamber unit, and a stable circular flow slow flow area in the main flow direction is formed in the rest of the pool chamber, providing a resting water space for upstream fish. Under different water depth and flow conditions, the main flow can maintain a clear and stable flow state, and the applicability and compatibility are strong. According to the biological hydraulic model test described later, the vertical slit flow velocity of the Taiji fishway of the present application is small, and the pool water level difference is small, which shows that under the same external conditions, the flow condition of the Taiji fishway of the present application is better than that of the standard vertical slit fishway, and the flow loss is small, and the hairpin vortex is not easy to produce in the pool chamber, so under different water depth and flow conditions, the main flow can maintain a clear and stable flow state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative labor for those skilled in the art.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a standard vertical slit fishway in the prior art;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a pool chamber water depth and passing efficiency relationship curve of a standard vertical slit fishway in the prior art;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a hairpin vortex schematic diagram in the pool chamber of a standard vertical slit fishway in the prior art;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a hairpin vortex and fish behavior influence schematic diagram in the fishway pool chamber in the shallow water state of a standard vertical slit fishway in the prior art;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a hairpin vortex and fish behavior influence schematic diagram in the fishway pool chamber in the deep water state of a standard vertical slit fishway in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the Taiji fishway in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fishway pool chamber unit in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram with a first vertical column in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of vortex shedding for a target fish swimming;

[0035] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a structure with a first vertical column, a second vertical column in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a structure with a first vertical column, a second vertical column, a third vertical column and a fourth vertical column in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 12 A three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of Figure 12

[0038] Figure 13 A fishway flow field schematic diagram under the condition of no arc deflector in a biological hydraulic model test in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 14 A fishway flow field schematic diagram under the condition of arc deflector in a biological hydraulic model test in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 15 A fishway flow field schematic diagram under the condition of arc deflector, a first vertical column, a second vertical column, a third vertical column and a fourth vertical column in a biological hydraulic model test in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 16 A fishway flow field schematic diagram under the condition of arc deflector, a first vertical column, a second vertical column, a third vertical column and a fourth vertical column in a biological hydraulic model test in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] The purposes, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0044] 10, fishway pool unit; 110, arc-shaped side wall; 111, first arc-shaped section; 112, straight section; 113, second arc-shaped section; 120, arc deflector; 121, head end of arc deflector; 122, tail end of arc deflector; 130, first longitudinal side wall; 140, vertical side wall; 150, second longitudinal side wall; 160, fish passage vertical slit; 171, first vertical column; 172, second vertical column; 173, third vertical column; 174, fourth vertical column; 180, main flow section; 190, circular flow slow flow area; 20, standard vertical slit fishway; 30, hairpin vortex; 40, vortex street; 50, target fish. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely exemplary and do not limit the present application.

[0046] ​With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0047] It should be noted that all the directionality indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, and the like) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition and the like between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes, the directionality indications also change accordingly.

[0048] In addition, the descriptions involving “first”, “second” and the like in the present application are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that a person of ordinary skill in the art can realize it, and when the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.

[0049] Please refer to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application Figures 1 to 13 The present application provides a Taiji fishway structure in an embodiment, which comprises a plurality of fishway pool chamber units 10 arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, each of the fishway pool chamber units 10 comprises an arc-shaped side wall 110, an arc-shaped flip bucket 120, and a first longitudinal side wall 130, a vertical side wall 140 and a second longitudinal side wall 150 arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein,

[0050] The arc-shaped side wall 110 is arranged on the opposite side of the second longitudinal side wall 150, the arc-shaped side wall 110 is curved towards the second longitudinal side wall 150 and extends along the water flow direction, the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped side wall 110, and the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is curved towards the arc-shaped side wall 110, the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 comprises a head end and a tail end arranged oppositely along the water flow direction, the head end 121 of the arc-shaped flip bucket is connected with the end of the arc-shaped side wall 110, and the tail end 122 of the arc-shaped flip bucket extends from the head end 121 of the arc-shaped flip bucket to the middle region of the pool chamber;

[0051] The first longitudinal side wall 130 is arranged upstream of the vertical side wall 140 and extends along the longitudinal direction of the fishway, the vertical side wall 140 is perpendicular to the first longitudinal side wall 130, and the second longitudinal side wall 150 is arranged downstream of the vertical side wall 140 and extends along the longitudinal direction of the fishway.

[0052] Wherein, the first end 121 of the arc-shaped flow plate of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit 10 and the first end of the arc-shaped sidewall 110 of the (i+1)-th fishway pool chamber unit 10 are connected, and the first end 121 of the arc-shaped flow plate of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit 10 and the end of the vertical sidewall 140 of the (i+1)-th fishway pool chamber unit 10 (i.e. the end away from the second longitudinal sidewall 150) form a fish passage vertical slit 160 that matches the target fish, and the water flow of the i-th fishway pool chamber unit 10 is directed to the arc-shaped sidewall 110 of the (i+1)-th fishway pool chamber unit 10 through the fish passage vertical slit 160; where i is a positive integer, i≥1.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fishway of this application includes multiple fishway pool chamber units 10 arranged sequentially along the downstream direction of the water flow. Fish pass through each fishway pool chamber unit 10 sequentially from the upstream direction of the water flow. Each fishway pool chamber unit 10 includes an arc-shaped sidewall 110, an arc-shaped flow deflector 120, and a first longitudinal sidewall 130, a vertical sidewall 140, and a second longitudinal sidewall 150 located on the same side of the fishway. The arc-shaped sidewall 110 is designed to mimic the curved shape of a natural river channel, which helps to guide the water flow and form a specific flow field. The design of the arc-shaped sidewall 110 also reduces the risk of collision between fish and the sidewall during migration. To further improve the practicality and efficiency of the Tai Chi vertical slot fishway, this application also adds an arc-shaped flow deflector 120 at the tail end of the arc-shaped sidewall 110. Its function is to increase the collision energy dissipation of the main flow and the friction energy dissipation with the water body. In addition, it also lengthens the main flow path, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped flow-deflecting plate 120 is an arc-shaped plate with a radius equal to that of the second arc-shaped segment 113. The projected length of the arc-shaped flow-deflecting plate 120 on the second longitudinal sidewall 150 is ≤ L / 3, and the distance between the arc-shaped flow-deflecting plate 120 and the second longitudinal sidewall 150 is ≥ B / 3, so that the flow velocity at the outlet water flow of the fish passage pool unit 10 is not greater than the flow velocity at the fish passage vertical slit 160; where L is the length of the fish passage pool unit 10 along the direction of water flow, and B is the width of the fish passage pool unit 10.

[0055] This application increases the area of ​​the fish passage chamber by setting up a vertical sidewall 140 (similar to a straight plate), providing more resting water space for upstream fish.

[0056] It is worth noting that, in conjunction with the appendix Figures 6-7 As shown, the water flow characteristics of the Tai Chi fish channel in this application are: the main flow always runs along the arc-shaped sidewall from the outlet section of the upper pool chamber to the inlet section of the lower pool chamber, while a stable circulating slow flow zone 190 is formed in the remaining part of the pool chamber in the direction of the main flow.

[0057] The energy dissipation characteristics of this form are: the narrow vertical slit produces high-speed jet, the inertial force of the water flow forms a stable flow along the circular side wall in the form of jet, the shear stress between the jet and the arc-shaped side wall 110 occupies the dominant position of water body energy dissipation, and the frictional shear force between the jet and the recirculating water body is the second.

[0058] The variable i is introduced in the present application to intuitively describe the relationship between the adjacent two fishway pool cell units 10, and the value of the variable i increases in turn along the water flow direction, wherein the fish-passing vertical slit 160 matched with the target fish is formed by the first end 121 of the arc-shaped deflector plate of the i-th fishway pool cell unit 10 and the last end of the vertical side wall 140 of the i+1-th fishway pool cell unit 10, realizing the communication of water flow and fish between adjacent fishway pool cell units 10. When the water flow passes through the fish-passing vertical slit 160 from the i-th fishway pool cell unit 10 into the i+1-th fishway pool cell unit 10, the water flow produces high-speed jet in the narrow fish-passing vertical slit 160 due to the sudden narrowing of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 compared with the width of the pool cell. The first end 121 of the arc-shaped deflector plate of the i-th fishway pool cell unit 10 and the first end of the arc-shaped side wall 110 of the i+1-th fishway pool cell unit 10 are connected, and the water flow in the form of high-speed jet will be shot to the arc-shaped side wall 110 of the i+1-th fishway pool cell unit 10 and flow along the arc-shaped side wall 110, then flow along the arc-shaped deflector plate 120, and finally flow to the next fishway pool cell unit 10 through the fish-passing vertical slit 160. Please refer to the schematic diagram of the flow field of the Taiji fishway structure in the present application, and the Velocity Magnitude in the diagram is the flow velocity. Figure 13

[0059] Secondly, the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 of the present application is matched with the target fish, for example, matched with the Cyprinidae fish in China, and can be applied to Cyprinidae fish of different sizes, having strong adaptability. The Cyprinidae fish can pass through the fish-passing vertical slit 160 and smoothly enter another fishway pool cell unit 10 from one fishway pool cell unit 10 along the reverse water flow direction, until the entire migration process is completed.

[0060] In the present application, high-speed jet is produced through the narrow fish-passing vertical slit 160, the inertial force of the water flow forms a stable flow along the main flow circular arc segment side wall in the form of jet, the shear stress between the jet and the main flow circular arc segment side wall occupies the dominant position of water body energy dissipation, and the frictional shear force between the jet and the recirculating water body is the second, which is better than the energy dissipation effect of the existing standard L-shaped vertical slit fishway.

[0061] ​Those skilled in the art should note that the applicant has conducted extensive experimental research on the upstream behavior and influencing factors of target fish, especially cyprinid fish, within vertical slotted fishways. The research revealed that, since cyprinid fish primarily prefer to swim in the mid-to-bottom waters, their passage efficiency in a standard vertical slotted fishway 20 is influenced not only by the generally accepted water flow velocity but also by the water flow pattern within the fishway chamber, particularly by the less well-known water depth of the fishway. Figure 2 The figure shows the relationship between fishway passage efficiency and pool water depth under certain conditions of fishway type, geometry, and slope ratio. As can be seen from the figure, at a slope ratio of 1 / 70, the passage efficiency of the target fish is relatively high when the pool water depth is in the range of 0.5–1.0 m; the passage efficiency is barely acceptable when the water depth is in the range of 1.1–1.5 m; and the passage efficiency is relatively poor when the water depth is in the range of 1.5–2.0 m. Further research reveals that the turbulence generated by the jet of a standard vertical slotted fishway 20, under suitable water depth conditions (when the pool water depth is relatively large), will transform into a rapidly downward rotating vertical axis vortex structure. The rotation axis of this vortex structure changes drastically at the bottom of the pool, generating many unstable hairpin vortices 30, such as… Figure 3 As shown, this results in complex three-dimensional water flow characteristics in the middle and bottom layers of the pool chamber.

[0062] Combination Figures 4-5 As shown, the red lines represent the fish's upstream trajectory. This type of water flow makes it easy for cyprinid fish, which prefer to stay in the middle and lower layers of the water, to lose their way and lack the motivation to swim upstream. Figures 4-5 The flow patterns and fish behavior patterns shown in the standard vertical slotted fishway 20 also illustrate this point.

[0063] Combination Figures 13-16 As shown, the main flow of the Tai Chi fishway in this application runs along the arc-shaped sidewall 110, then through the arc-shaped flow guide plate 120 from the outlet of the previous fishway pool unit 10 to the inlet of the next fishway pool unit 10. In the remaining part of the pool, a stable circulating slow-flow zone 190 is formed in the direction of the main flow, providing resting water space for upstream fish. It can maintain a clear main flow and a stable flow pattern with distinct dynamic and static states under different water depths and flow rates, demonstrating strong applicability and compatibility. Combined with the biohydraulic model test described later, it can be seen that the vertical slit flow velocity and the water level difference between pools in this application's Tai Chi fishway are small. This indicates that under the same external conditions, the water flow conditions of this application's Tai Chi fishway are better than the standard vertical slit fishway 20, with less flow loss, and it is less prone to hairpin vortices 30 within the pool. Therefore, it can maintain a clear main flow and a stable flow pattern with distinct dynamic and static states under different water depths and flow rates.

[0064] It is worth noting that, combined Figures 13-16As shown, according to the flow characteristics of the fishway, the fishway can be named "Tai Chi Fishway", first, the meandering flow pattern of the main flow of the fishway is similar to the Tai Chi diagram of China, and the second, the water ripples in the fishway, and the static level is stable, and the dynamic and static balance reflects a kind of harmony; third, the flow condition of the fishway is similar to the natural meandering river, which meets the natural properties of fish upstream, and conforms to the natural and natural philosophy of Tai Chi.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped side wall 110 of each fishway pool chamber unit 10 comprises a first arc-shaped section 111, a straight section 112 and a second arc-shaped section 113 connected in sequence along the water flow direction, the tail end of the first arc-shaped section 111 is tangent to the head end of the straight section 112, the tail end of the straight section 112 is tangent to the head end of the second arc-shaped section 113, and the tail end of the second arc-shaped section 113 is connected to the head end 121 of the arc-shaped flip bucket.

[0066] Specifically, in order to make full use of the fishway pool area, in a preferred example, the arc-shaped side wall 110 is divided into 1 / 4 circle (first arc section) + straight section 112 + 1 / 4 circle (second arc section), to facilitate adjusting the length of the fishway pool chamber and increasing the applicability of the fishway.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped side wall 110 is provided with a plurality of first vertical columns 171 arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the arc-shaped side wall 110.

[0068] It is worth noting that, by using the characteristics of the main flow of the Tai Chi vertical seam fishway along the arc-shaped side wall 110, the roughness of the main flow arc-shaped side wall 110 is increased (such as installing roughness columns, convex-concave side walls, horizontal grid frame, vertical and horizontal rib plates, etc.), to increase the physical friction and collision between the main flow and the side wall, and improve the energy dissipation effect of the fishway pool chamber.

[0069] The side wall roughness measures the best main flow energy dissipation and takes into account the vortex structure that can produce beneficial fish migration, and specific materials, arrangement methods, structure sizes, etc. can be determined through model tests. Figure 8 As shown, the first vertical column 171 is taken as an example, for Cyprinidae, a D-shaped column (trapezoidal column) with a height of 10-15 cm and a width of 8-10 cm is suitable, and the spacing between columns is 2-3 times the width of the column.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, it further comprises a plurality of second vertical columns 172 arranged downstream of the fish vertical seam 160, and a plurality of the second vertical columns 172 are arranged in series.

[0071] As a preferred example, the number of the second pillars 172 is three, the angle between the arrangement direction of the three second pillars 172 and the longitudinal direction of the fishway is set to be between 20° and 30°, and the distance between the uppermost second pillar 172 and the end of the vertical side wall 140 is equal to the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160, and the distance between the adjacent two second pillars 172 is set to be 2-3 times of the diameter of the second pillar 172.

[0072] It should be noted that fish swimming has the behavior characteristic of “group effect”, the mechanism of which is that the vortex street 40 generated by the tail fin swing of the head fish when swimming can induce the following fish group, so that the fish group easily follows the team with the help of the vortex, such as Figure 9 As shown. By using this mechanism, three second pillars 172 in series are arranged at the turbulent flow of the fish-passing vertical slit 160, which plays a role in reducing the energy of the turbulent flow and generating an artificial vortex street 40 behind the second pillar 172 to guide fish, such as Figure 10 As shown.

[0073] As another preferred embodiment, a plurality of third pillars 173 and a plurality of fourth pillars 174 are further included, the plurality of third pillars 173 are arranged in the area range of the projection of the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 on the second longitudinal side wall 150 and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second longitudinal side wall 150, and the plurality of fourth pillars 174 are arranged on the wall surface of the vertical side wall 140 close to the third pillars 173 and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the vertical side wall 140.

[0074] It should be noted that after the pool chamber water flow passes through the arc-shaped flip bucket 120, it will be sharply contracted before entering the pool chamber outlet section, and again generate turbulent flow at the side wall of the outlet section, so the roughness (such as convex-concave side wall, cross grid frame, longitudinal and transverse rib plate, etc., as shown in Figures 11-12 ) is increased at the area range of the projection of the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 on the second longitudinal side wall 150 and the wall surface of the vertical side wall 140 close to the third pillars 173, so as to increase the physical friction and collision of the main flow with the side wall and improve the energy dissipation effect of the fishway pool chamber. Among them, Figure 11 The arc-shaped arrow in represents the main flow section 180, and the annular line is the circular flow slow flow area 190.

[0075] As a preferable example, the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 is set to be between 0.3 and 0.4 m, and the width of the fishway pool unit 10 is set to be between 2.5 and 3.5 m. It is worth noting that the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 is mainly determined by the body width and length of the target fish, and the formation of the flow condition of the fishway pool, for example, for the carp, the width of the fish-passing vertical slit 160 is preferably set to be between 0.3 and 0.4 m. The width of the fishway pool unit 10 is mainly determined by the body length of the target fish and the formation of the flow pattern of the pool, for example, for the carp, the width B is generally taken to be between 2.5 and 3.5 m.

[0076] Further, the length L of the fishway pool unit 10 along the flow direction is determined by the formula L=K*B, wherein B is the width of the fishway pool unit 10, and K is a coefficient, and K is taken to be between 1.25 and 1.5.

[0077] Further, the length l of the vertical side wall 140 is determined by the formula l≥B / 2.

[0078] Further, the radius of the first circular segment and the radius of the second circular segment are equal, and the radius R of the first circular segment and the second circular segment is determined by the formula R≤B / 2.

[0079] Further, the length D of the straight line segment 112 is determined by the formula D=L-2R.

[0080] As a preferable embodiment, as shown in Figures 14-16 As shown in the figure, the hydraulic characteristics and fish-passing effect of the Taiji fishway are also studied and analyzed by a bio-hydraulic model test method, and the details are as follows:

[0081] 1. Bio-hydraulic model test

[0082] The bio-hydraulic model test of the fishway is a physical test simulation of the hydraulic characteristics of fishways with different structural types and different boundary conditions by combining hydraulic and hydrobiological research, and the target fish is placed in the model to study the influence of specific flow conditions on the behavior of the target fish, so as to judge the rationality of the fishway design.

[0083] 2. Test method

[0084] 2.1 Experimental conditions

[0085] The bio-hydraulic model test is a very complex test research, which requires high experimental conditions. The bio-hydraulic model laboratory mainly consists of a bionic ecological environment (water quality PH value, oxygen content, water temperature, room temperature, light, etc.) monitoring and control system, a variable slope flume, a water circulation system, a fish behavior monitoring system, etc.

[0086] The state of the test fish is greatly affected by the environment. In order to ensure the reliability and repeatability of the test, the water environment is particularly strict. In order to minimize the stress response of the test fish due to changes in the water environment, the test water body of the laboratory test fish temporary breeding pool and the variable slope water tank is in the same system. The bionic environment control system is turned on all day during the test and non-test period to ensure that the water environment and the test fish are in good and stable state.

[0087] The test water temperature is controlled at 25±1℃ in summer and autumn, and 20±1℃ in winter and spring; the dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained at 8.50mg / L or more, and the PH value is maintained at about 7.5.

[0088] 2.2 Test conditions

[0089] Taking the test slope of 1 / 40, the flow rate of 4m 3 / h (1.11L / s, prototype 0.309m 3 / s), the average water depth of the pool room is about 10cm as an example to carry out the hydraulic and hydrobiological model test.

[0090] 2.3 Measurement of hydraulic parameters

[0091] The main hydraulic parameters measured on site in the model test are: vertical seam flow rate, pool water depth, water level difference between pools, flow pattern and flow field distribution.

[0092] 2.4 Hydrobiological test

[0093] In order to obtain reliable and statistically significant biological test results, sufficient number of test fish should be ensured for each test. Each group of comparative test randomly releases 10 test fish in the downstream pool room of the fishway without arc bucket board 120 and Taiji vertical seam fishway, and three repeated tests are carried out. A high-speed camera (Hikvision video monitoring camera, model DS-2CD3386FWDV3-LS, Figure 15 ) is installed above the fishway model, the frame width of a single video is 1920, the frame height is 1080; the data rate and total bit rate are 2515kbps; the frame rate is 15.00 frames / second, and the behavior characteristics of fish upstreaming are recorded in real time. Each group of test video data is immediately numbered and stored in fixed memory for later extraction and data analysis.

[0094] 3. Test result analysis

[0095] The fishway with arc bucket board 120, first vertical column 171, second vertical column 172, third vertical column 173 and fourth vertical column 174 under the condition of the series of energy dissipation measures and fish guiding measures taken in the pool room of the fishway without arc bucket board 120 is tested and analyzed, such as Figures 14-16The hydraulic characteristics and fish passing effects of the fishway with the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 are shown in the following multiple sets of repeated test studies and the specific test and analysis results are as follows:

[0096] 3.1 Analysis of hydraulic parameters

[0097] The test results of the vertical slot flow velocity, flow pattern, pool water depth, pool water level difference, flow coefficient and other hydraulic parameters of the fishway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 and the fishway with the arc-shaped flip bucket 120, the first vertical column 171, the second vertical column 172, the third vertical column 173 and the fourth vertical column 174 are shown in Table 1 and Figures 14-16 .

[0098] From Figures 14-16 the comparison, it can be seen that after the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is adopted, the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 makes the main flow (the middle green part) of the fishway pool chamber present an S-shaped distribution, the main flow path is longer than that of the fishway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120, the energy dissipation mode is changed into a combination of side wall + collision + along the path, and the energy dissipation efficiency is higher. The energy dissipation effect is directly reflected in the flow velocity distribution of the fishway pool chamber, and it can be seen from Figure 15 that the main flow velocity of the fishway pool chamber without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is between 0.45-0.65 m / s, and the vertical slot flow velocity is 0.55 m / s. After the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is added, the main flow velocity of the fishway pool chamber is between 0.25-0.40 m / s, and the vertical slot flow velocity is 0.32 m / s, which is reduced by about 42%, and the effect is very obvious. Figure 14 From

[0099] and Figure 15 the comparison of the fishway pool chamber flow velocity distribution cloud diagram, it can be seen that after the pool chamber side wall roughness energy dissipation measures are continued to be adopted (such as convex-concave side wall, cluster horizontal frame, vertical and horizontal rib plate, etc.), the physical friction and collision of the main flow and the side wall are increased, and the energy dissipation effect of the fishway pool chamber is improved. As can be seen from the figure, the main flow velocity of the fishway pool chamber is reduced from between 0.25-0.40 m / s to between 0.15-0.30 m / s, and the vertical slot flow velocity is 0.30 m / s, and the energy dissipation effect is also very obvious. 16 Table 1

[0100] Corresponding fishway and Figure 13 Comparison of corresponding fishway hydraulic parameters Figure 16

[0101]

[0102] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that: Figure 16 the vertical slot flow velocity of the corresponding Taiji fishway is small, and the pool water level difference is small, which indicates that under the same external conditions, the energy dissipation effect is better than Figure 13 the corresponding fishway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120. ​

[0103] 3.2 Water biological parameter analysis

[0104] (1) Passage rate (Pr)

[0105] Passage rate (Pr) is defined as the percentage of the number of test fish tails successfully ascending to the total number of test fish tails;

[0106]

[0107] The test fish successfully passing is defined as the number of test fish tails successfully ascending independently.

[0108] The data in Table 2 shows that under the same environmental factors and similar flow conditions, Figure 13 The passage rate of the test fish corresponding to the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is 70%, Figure 16 The passage rate of the test fish corresponding to the Taiji fish passageway is 86.7%, Figure 16 The passage rate of the test fish corresponding to the Taiji fish passageway is 86.7%, Figure 13 The passage rate of the test fish corresponding to the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is increased by 23.9%.

[0109] Table 2 Figure 13 The passage rate of the test fish corresponding to the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is increased by 23.9%. Figure 16 The passage rate of the test fish corresponding to the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120 is increased by 23.9%.

[0110]

[0111] (2) Macro analysis of energy consumption

[0112] The energy consumption of the target fish during the ascending process is an important indicator of the biological parameter. From the difference in the flow rate at the vertical seam of the two fish passageways in Table 1, Figures 14-16 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data, Figure 16 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data, Figure 13 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data, Figure 16 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data, Figure 13 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data, Figure 16 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data, Figure 13 The Taiji fish passageway is more gentle than the fish passageway without the arc-shaped flip bucket 120; from the test site and video data,

[0113] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion using the content of the present application specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tai chi fish pass structure, characterized in that, The fishway comprises a plurality of fishway pool units arranged in sequence along the water flow direction, each of the fishway pool units comprises an arc-shaped side wall, an arc-shaped flip bucket, and a first longitudinal side wall, a vertical side wall and a second longitudinal side wall arranged on the same side of the fishway, wherein the arc-shaped side wall is arranged on the opposite side of the second longitudinal side wall, the arc-shaped side wall is curved towards the second longitudinal side wall and extends along the water flow direction, the arc-shaped flip bucket is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped side wall, and the arc-shaped flip bucket is curved towards the arc-shaped side wall, the arc-shaped flip bucket comprises a head end and a tail end arranged oppositely along the water flow direction, the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket is connected with the end of the arc-shaped side wall, and the tail end of the arc-shaped flip bucket extends from the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket to the middle region of the pool; the first longitudinal side wall is arranged upstream of the vertical side wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the fishway, the vertical side wall is perpendicular to the first longitudinal side wall, and the second longitudinal side wall is arranged downstream of the vertical side wall and extends along the longitudinal direction of the fishway; wherein the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket of the i-th fishway pool unit is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1-th fishway pool unit, the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket of the i-th fishway pool unit and the end of the vertical side wall of the i+1-th fishway pool unit form a fish-passing vertical slot matched with the target fish, and the water flow of the i-th fishway pool unit is shot to the arc-shaped side wall of the i+1-th fishway pool unit through the fish-passing vertical slot; wherein i is a positive integer, i≥1; the arc-shaped side wall of each fishway pool unit comprises a first arc-shaped segment, a straight segment and a second arc-shaped segment connected in sequence along the water flow direction, the tail end of the first arc-shaped segment is tangent to the head end of the straight segment, the tail end of the straight segment is tangent to the head end of the second arc-shaped segment, and the tail end of the second arc-shaped segment is connected with the head end of the arc-shaped flip bucket.

2. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized by The arc-shaped flip bucket adopts an arc-shaped plate with a radius equal to that of the second arc-shaped segment, the projection length of the arc-shaped flip bucket on the second longitudinal side wall is ≤L / 3, and the distance between the arc-shaped flip bucket and the second longitudinal side wall is ≥B / 3, so that the flow velocity at the water flow convergence point of the pool outlet of the fishway pool unit is not greater than the water flow velocity at the fish-passing vertical slot; wherein L is the length of the fishway pool unit along the water flow direction, and B is the width of the fishway pool unit.

3. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 1, characterized by The arc-shaped side wall is provided with a plurality of first vertical columns arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the arc-shaped side wall.

4. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 3, characterized by A plurality of second vertical columns arranged downstream of the fish-passing vertical slot are further included, and the plurality of second vertical columns are arranged in series.

5. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 4, characterized by The number of the second vertical columns is three, the included angle between the arrangement direction of the three second vertical columns and the longitudinal direction of the fishway is arranged between 20° and 30°, the distance between the uppermost upstream second vertical column and the end of the vertical side wall is equal to the width of the fish-passing vertical slot, and the distance between adjacent two second vertical columns is arranged as 2-3 times the diameter of the second vertical column.

6. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 4, characterized by Further comprising a plurality of third vertical columns and a plurality of fourth vertical columns, the plurality of third vertical columns are arranged in the area where the arc-shaped deflector plate projects on the second longitudinal side wall and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the second longitudinal side wall, and the plurality of fourth vertical columns are arranged on the wall surface of the vertical side wall close to the third vertical columns and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the vertical side wall.

7. The taiji fishway structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by The width of the fish-pass vertical slit is set between 0.3-0.4m, and the width of the fishway pool chamber unit is set between 2.5-3.5m.

8. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 7, characterized by The length L of the fishway pool chamber unit in the downstream direction is determined by the formula L = KB where B is the width of the fishway pool chamber unit, and K is a coefficient, K = 1.25-1.

5.

9. The taiji fishway structure according to claim 8, characterized by using the formula determining the length of the vertical side wall .

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