Construction method of zero-carbon service area operation stage evaluation index system

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method of a zero-carbon service area operation stage evaluation index system, and relates to the field of zero-carbon service area development evaluation. The method comprises the following steps: service area carbon emission evaluation: calculating two types of evaluation indexes and carbon emission evaluation scores; forming a carbon emission grading standard based on the carbon emission evaluation score; the service area zero-carbon evaluation comprises the steps of constructing a zero-carbon multi-stage evaluation index system, determining a completion target of each index, distributing index weights, and calculating a zero-carbon evaluation score according to the weights; and forming a service area zero-carbon grading standard based on the zero-carbon evaluation score. According to the invention, comprehensive evaluation research can be carried out on the zero-carbon development of the service area, and accurate evaluation under the change situation of each index state value in the operation stage of the target service area is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission assessment, and specifically to a method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area. Background Art

[0002] The transportation industry is one of the main "carbon source" industries. Reducing carbon emissions is an important task for ecological civilization construction and sustainable development. Therefore, highway service areas urgently need to explore zero-carbon development paths. Zero-carbon service areas refer to the innovative practice of integrated application of technical measures such as optimizing spatial layout, using clean energy, applying low-carbon technologies, and strengthening low-carbon management during the operation stage of highway service areas, so that the net carbon dioxide emissions in the service area are less than or equal to zero.

[0003] Domestic research on zero-carbon service areas is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of research on the definition, construction standards, evaluation system, and evaluation methods of zero-carbon service areas. In recent years, the green and low-carbon construction of service areas has gradually become a hot topic in industry research. Although relevant institutions have proposed a series of standards and implementation plans, they are mainly focused on carbon accounting, and there is a lack of evaluation systems and methods that can accurately reflect the effectiveness of zero-carbon service area construction.

[0004] The technical comparison is as follows:

[0005] Technical comparison with patent CN113011732A "A method for evaluating the energy saving and emission reduction effect of passenger transfer stations in highway service areas"

[0006] The evaluation indicators of patent CN113011732A are mainly focused on fuel consumption and carbon emissions, and the output results are reflected in the fuel consumption and carbon emissions reduced by different schemes of passenger transfer stations; the evaluation indicators of this patent include not only carbon reduction rate and carbon offset rate, but also building systems, transportation systems, clean energy, resource utilization, safeguards and ecological protection, and the output results are the scores generated by the existing emission reduction measures in the service area. There is an essential difference between the two in the idea of ​​indicator setting.

[0007] Patent CN113011732A establishes a specific fuel consumption and carbon emission model, evaluates the energy conservation and emission reduction effect through quantitative calculation, and proposes specific optimization measures, such as optimizing the location of passenger stations, strengthening public transportation services and increasing the actual load rate; this patent adopts a multi-level evaluation index system, as well as weight allocation and score calculation based on these indicators, involving quantitative and qualitative evaluation, and finally forms a grade evaluation standard to evaluate the zero-carbon development level of the service area, such as one-star, two-star, and three-star. The two are essentially different in the overall evaluation ideas and the ultimate goals to be achieved.

[0008] Patent CN113011732A is mainly applied to passenger transfer stations in highway service areas, focusing on the energy conservation and emission reduction effects of passenger transfer stations; this patent is applied to zero-carbon service areas in the operation stage, focusing on the overall zero-carbon development level of the service area. There is an essential difference between the two in the evaluation objects.

[0009] Technical comparison with patent CN116341954A "A method and system for constructing a new energy development level indicator system for serving regional carbon neutrality"

[0010] The evaluation indicators of patent CN116341954A include six categories: new energy equipment capacity growth, power generation growth, power generation access, average utilization hours of power generation equipment, number of new energy projects per unit area, and new energy consumption level, all of which are quantitative indicators; the evaluation indicators of this patent involve quantitative indicators of carbon emission reduction rate and carbon offset rate, as well as qualitative indicators of building system, transportation system, clean energy, resource utilization, safeguard measures and ecological protection, and there are several secondary and tertiary indicators and specific scoring regulations under the qualitative indicators. There is an essential difference between the two in the indicator structure.

[0011] Patent CN116341954A uses principal component analysis (PCA) to calculate the contribution rate of each characteristic quantity to its evaluation index based on historical data, and calculates the score of each evaluation index in each area according to the contribution rate, which is an objective evaluation method; this patent uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of the zero-carbon multi-level evaluation index system based on expert surveys, and calculates the zero-carbon score of the service area, which is a subjective evaluation method. The two methods of determining the contribution rate or weight of the index are essentially different.

[0012] Patent CN116341954A is mainly used in the field of power systems, especially the development and evaluation of new energy in service areas; this patent involves the field of zero-carbon service area development evaluation, which includes setting evaluation indicators for clean energy, mainly evaluating the overall carbon emissions and zero-carbon implementation effects of the service area. The objects of the two evaluations of development levels are essentially different.

[0013] Existing research on the evaluation system is mostly focused on green service areas or low-carbon service areas, without considering the unique factors of zero-carbon service areas. The indicator setting cannot meet the needs of zero-carbon service area evaluation; the meaning of the indicators is not explained and revised in accordance with the actual situation. There is information overlap between the evaluation indicators, and the vertical comparison between the evaluation indicators is not considered. These factors make the indicators lack practical evaluation significance, resulting in the inability to provide evaluation guidance on the actual construction results in practice. Summary of the invention

[0014] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area, so as to solve the problem that existing research lacks an evaluation system and method that accurately reflects the effectiveness of zero-carbon service area construction, and the service area evaluation system is difficult to evaluate zero-carbon service areas.

[0015] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0016] A method for constructing an evaluation index system for a zero-carbon service area operation phase includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: Carbon emission evaluation of service areas, involving two types of evaluation indicators and carbon emission evaluation score calculation;

[0018] S2: Based on the carbon emission evaluation scores, a carbon emission classification standard is formed;

[0019] S3: Zero-carbon evaluation of service areas, including building a zero-carbon multi-level evaluation index system, determining the completion target of each index, assigning index weights, and calculating zero-carbon evaluation scores based on the weights;

[0020] S4: Based on the zero-carbon evaluation scores, a zero-carbon grade classification standard is formed.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the two types of carbon emission evaluation indicators in S1 include carbon emission reduction rate and carbon offset rate indicators.

[0022] The carbon emission reduction rate is the ratio of the carbon replacement amount corresponding to the self-produced green electricity of the service area to the total carbon emissions of the service area, and is calculated as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, F r is the carbon emission reduction rate of the service area (%); E g is the carbon dioxide emissions reduced by the service area's self-produced green electricity, tCO2; E is the carbon emissions generated during the service area's operation, tCO2;

[0025] The carbon offset rate is the ratio of the sum of the carbon emission reduction corresponding to the purchase of carbon credits in the service area, the carbon substitution corresponding to the purchase of green electricity certificates, and the carbon absorption corresponding to the carbon sink in the service area to the total carbon emissions in the service area. The calculation method is:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, F c is the carbon offset rate of the service area (%); E s is the carbon sink in the service area tCO2; E c The carbon emission reduction tCO2 purchased by the service area. As a further improvement of the present invention, the S1 carbon emission evaluation score is calculated as follows:

[0028] F=F r +F c

[0029] Among them, F is the carbon emission level evaluation score of the service area; F r is the carbon emission reduction rate of the service area (%); c is the carbon offset rate of the service area (%).

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, the S2 carbon emission grade classification standard divides service areas into three categories: low carbon, near zero carbon, and zero carbon according to the carbon emission evaluation scores of the service areas.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present invention, the S3 zero-carbon multi-level evaluation index system includes primary indicators, secondary indicators, tertiary indicators and specific scoring regulations;

[0032] The first-level indicators include building systems, transportation systems, clean energy, resource utilization, safeguards, and ecological protection;

[0033] Secondary indicators include lighting appliances, HVAC, building envelope, and computer room equipment under the building system; traffic organization and charging and swapping facilities under the traffic system; photovoltaic systems, ground source heat pumps, and air source heat pumps under clean energy; land resource utilization and water resource utilization under resource utilization; institutional guarantees, personnel guarantees, technical guarantees, and financial guarantees under safeguard measures; water pollution prevention and control, air pollution prevention and control, noise pollution prevention and control, solid waste treatment, and resource protection under ecological protection;

[0034] The third-level indicators include electrical equipment and control measures for lighting appliances, unit energy efficiency and operation control for HVAC, thermal performance, air tightness, ventilation and shading, natural lighting, and passive rooms for building envelopes, unit energy efficiency for computer room equipment, vehicle flow lines, pedestrian services, and parking management for traffic organization, charging parking space ratio and operation control for charging and swapping facilities, energy supply monitoring, collector performance, energy storage system, and photovoltaic building integration for photovoltaic systems, unit energy efficiency, cold and heat sources, and groundwater protection for ground-source heat pumps, unit energy efficiency and sealing performance for air-source heat pumps, and space utilization, permeable paving, vertical design, and site management for land resource utilization. Greening of the land, improvement of the landscape, sewage treatment and reuse, rainwater collection and utilization, water-saving systems, water-saving appliances and equipment under water resource utilization, management system certification and public publicity under institutional guarantees, personnel deployment and education and training under personnel guarantees, environmental monitoring, inspection and maintenance, and application of new technologies under technical guarantees, funding arrangements and investment channels under financial guarantees, drainage diversion and emergency prevention and control under water pollution prevention and control, dust control and parking settings under air pollution prevention and control, indoor and outdoor prevention and control under noise pollution prevention and control, garbage collection and treatment, and waste disposal under solid waste treatment, topsoil protection, natural vegetation protection, and water body protection under resource protection.

[0035] As a further improvement of the present invention, the method for determining the weight of the S3 indicator adopts a hierarchical analysis method, and the method for determining the weight is as follows:

[0036] S31: Establish a hierarchical model: divide the decision-making objectives, decision-making criteria and decision-making objects into the highest level, middle level and lowest level according to their mutual relationship. The highest level refers to the purpose of decision-making and the problem to be solved, the middle level refers to the factors to be considered and the criteria for decision-making, and the lowest level refers to the alternative plans for decision-making.

[0037] S32: Construct judgment matrix: The hierarchical model uses orthogonal mode for analysis, transforming the multi-indicator comparison problem into a single orthogonal comparison problem, and reducing the specific problem to the relative weight of the importance of each layer of indicators or the relative advantages and disadvantages comparison problem.

[0038] The pairwise comparison structure in the judgment matrix can be summarized as:

[0039]

[0040] Determine the score a for pairwise comparison of indicators ij Refer to Saaty's 1-9 scale method, which is a quantitative method for hierarchical analysis and can be used to compare the importance or priority of different things. The scores are obtained by sending questionnaires to experts.

[0041] S33: Calculate weight: Use the sum-product method to obtain the feature vector. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, h ij ,h i To calculate the process variable, h ij h is the matrix factor of the judgment matrix normalized by column vector, i h ij The matrix factors after row-wise summation, is the eigenvector factor.

[0044] Calculate the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] S34: Consistency test: Calculate the maximum eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix, and use the consistency index CI, random consistency index RI and consistency ratio CR to perform consistency test. The calculation formulas of CI and CR are as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, λ maxis the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, and n is the number of eigenvalues.

[0049] As a further improvement of the present invention, the S3 zero-carbon evaluation score calculation starts from the third-level indicators, and scores are calculated according to the target completion quantity or completion quality, and finally the six categories of first-level indicator scores and the total score are summarized. The total score of the service area zero-carbon evaluation is 100 points, and the full score of each of the six categories of first-level indicators is 100 points. The total score calculation method is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, T is the total score of the zero-carbon service area evaluation, i is the serial number of the first-level evaluation index, and w i is the weight of the first-level indicator of the i-th category, S i Score for the first-level indicator of category i.

[0052] As a further improvement of the present invention, the S4 service area zero-carbon grade classification standard divides the service areas into three categories: one-star, two-star, and three-star according to the zero-carbon evaluation scores of the service areas.

[0053] Beneficial effects:

[0054] The present invention relates to a method for determining evaluation information of a zero-carbon service area in the operation stage, and relates to the field of zero-carbon service area development evaluation. The method includes: carbon emission evaluation of a service area, involving two types of evaluation indicators and carbon emission evaluation score calculation; based on the carbon emission evaluation score, forming a carbon emission grade classification standard; zero-carbon evaluation of a service area, including constructing a zero-carbon multi-level evaluation indicator system, determining the completion target of each indicator, assigning indicator weights, and calculating zero-carbon evaluation scores according to the weights; based on the zero-carbon evaluation score, forming a service area zero-carbon grade classification standard. The present invention can be used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation study on the zero-carbon development of a service area, and realize accurate evaluation of the state value changes of each indicator in the operation stage of the target service area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method for constructing an evaluation index system for a zero-carbon service area operation phase according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 It is a hierarchical structure diagram of the hierarchical analysis method of the zero-carbon service area operation stage evaluation index system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0058] Embodiment, according to a method for constructing a zero-carbon service area evaluation index system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the schematic diagram is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0059] S1: Carbon emission evaluation of service areas, involving two types of evaluation indicators and carbon emission evaluation score calculation;

[0060] S2: Based on the carbon emission evaluation scores, a carbon emission classification standard is formed;

[0061] S3: Zero-carbon evaluation of service areas, including building a zero-carbon multi-level evaluation index system, determining the completion target of each index, assigning index weights, and calculating zero-carbon evaluation scores based on the weights;

[0062] S4: Based on the zero-carbon evaluation score, form a zero-carbon grade classification standard;

[0063] In S1, the service area carbon emission evaluation index includes two types of indicators: carbon emission reduction rate and carbon offset rate.

[0064] The carbon emission reduction rate is the ratio of the carbon replacement amount corresponding to the self-produced green electricity of the service area to the total carbon emissions of the service area, which is calculated by the following formula:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, F r is the carbon emission reduction rate of the service area (%); E g is the amount of carbon dioxide emissions reduced by the service area's self-produced green electricity (tCO2); E is the carbon emissions generated during the service area's operation (tCO2);

[0067] The carbon offset rate is the ratio of the sum of the carbon emission reduction corresponding to the purchase of carbon credits in the service area, the carbon substitution corresponding to the purchase of green electricity certificates, and the carbon absorption corresponding to the carbon sink in the service area to the total carbon emissions in the service area, and is calculated by the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, F c is the carbon offset rate of the service area (%); E s is the carbon sink in the service area (tCO2); E c Carbon emission reductions purchased for the service area (tCO2);

[0070] In S1, the calculation method of the service area carbon emission evaluation score is:

[0071] F=F r +F c

[0072] Among them, F is the carbon emission level evaluation score of the service area; F r is the carbon emission reduction rate of the service area (%); F c is the carbon offset rate of the service area (%).

[0073] Exemplarily, the calculation results of the total score of the carbon emission level evaluation score of the target service area in the present invention are shown in Table 1.

[0074]

[0075] Table 1

[0076] In S3, the service area zero-carbon evaluation index system includes primary indicators, secondary indicators, tertiary indicators and specific scoring regulations;

[0077] The first-level indicators include building systems, transportation systems, clean energy, resource utilization, safeguards, and ecological protection;

[0078] The secondary indicators include lighting appliances, HVAC, building envelope structures, and computer room equipment under the building system; traffic organization and charging and swapping facilities under the transportation system; photovoltaic systems, ground source heat pumps, and air source heat pumps under clean energy; land resource utilization and water resource utilization under resource utilization; institutional guarantees, personnel guarantees, technical guarantees, and financial guarantees under guarantee measures; water pollution control, air pollution control, noise pollution control, solid waste treatment, and resource protection under ecological protection.

[0079] The third-level indicators include electrical equipment and control measures for lighting appliances, unit energy efficiency and operation control for HVAC, thermal performance, air tightness, ventilation and shading, natural lighting, and passive rooms for building envelopes, unit energy efficiency for computer room equipment, vehicle flow lines, pedestrian services, and parking management for traffic organization, charging parking space ratio and operation control for charging and swapping facilities, energy supply monitoring, collector performance, energy storage system, and photovoltaic building integration for photovoltaic systems, unit energy efficiency, cold and heat sources, and groundwater protection for ground-source heat pumps, unit energy efficiency and sealing performance for air-source heat pumps, and space utilization, permeable paving, vertical design, and site management for land resource utilization. Greening of the land, improvement of the landscape, sewage treatment and reuse, rainwater collection and utilization, water-saving systems, water-saving appliances and equipment under water resource utilization, management system certification and public publicity under institutional guarantees, personnel deployment and education and training under personnel guarantees, environmental monitoring, inspection and maintenance, and application of new technologies under technical guarantees, funding arrangements and investment channels under financial guarantees, drainage diversion and emergency prevention and control under water pollution prevention and control, dust control and parking settings under air pollution prevention and control, indoor and outdoor prevention and control under noise pollution prevention and control, garbage collection and treatment, and waste disposal under solid waste treatment, topsoil protection, natural vegetation protection, and water body protection under resource protection.

[0080] The specific scoring rules are based on the completion targets set according to the three-level indicators.

[0081] In the embodiment, the three-level indicator completion targets are as follows:

[0082] (1) Lighting appliances

[0083] 1) Electrical equipment: a) LED light sources cover more than 80% of the indoor lighting area of ​​the service area; b) The efficiency or effectiveness of lamps is not less than the limit specified in GB 50034; c) The energy efficiency of power transformers reaches the highest energy efficiency level specified in GB 20052; d) Halogen tungsten lamps and fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps are not used for lighting;

[0084] 2) Control measures: a) Indoor public lighting systems adopt zoning, timing, and infrared sensing energy-saving control measures; b) Road lighting systems can automatically start and stop according to outdoor illumination and set time;

[0085] (2) Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

[0086] 1) Unit energy efficiency: a) The energy efficiency of the cooling and heating source units of the HVAC system reaches the highest energy efficiency level in the corresponding standards for the unit type; b) The energy efficiency of the HVAC unit reaches the highest energy efficiency level in the corresponding standards for the unit type;

[0087] 2) Operation control: a) Take measures to reduce the energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems in transitional seasons; b) Set up cooling and heat metering devices; c) When using intermittent air conditioning systems, set up automatic start and stop control devices;

[0088] 3) Heat recovery: Adopt high-efficiency fresh air heat recovery system;

[0089] (3) Building envelope

[0090] 1) Thermal performance: a) The thermal performance of the enclosure structure meets or exceeds the thermal performance limit requirements specified in GB 50189; b) The main machine room shall not be equipped with external windows;

[0091] 2) Air tightness: a) The air tightness of the building's exterior doors and windows meets or exceeds the requirements of GB 50189; b) The air tightness level of the building's curtain walls, skylights and metal roofs meets or exceeds Level 3 specified in GB / T 21086;

[0092] 3) Ventilation and shading: a) Determine the effective ventilation opening area through wind environment simulation analysis; b) Use adjustable external shading facilities to reduce solar radiation heat in summer, and the shading area accounts for more than 70% of the total area of ​​external windows; c) Use building components or greening measures to guide wind to buildings and surrounding areas that need ventilation (or wind protection);

[0093] 4) Natural lighting: a) Use building components to reflect natural light to supplement the rooms and parts of the building that need lighting; b) Use skylights for lighting;

[0094] 5) Passive House: One or more single buildings in the service area meet the requirements of passive ultra-low energy consumption buildings;

[0095] (4) Equipment in the computer room

[0096] Unit energy efficiency: The data center energy efficiency reaches the highest energy efficiency level in accordance with GB 40879 regulations;

[0097] (5) Traffic organization

[0098] 1) Traffic flow: a) Take hard isolation at the entrance of the service area, channelize the lanes, and organize different types of vehicles to enter their respective parking areas, auto repair shops, gas stations and other functional areas; b) Set up traffic signs and signs that meet the requirements of GB 5768 in the service area to guide vehicles to drive along the prescribed routes;

[0099] 2) Pedestrian services: a) Pedestrian zebra crossings and pedestrian priority button lights are set up at the locations where people cross the road; b) Traffic signs and signs that meet the requirements of GB 5768 are set up in the service area to guide pedestrian paths;

[0100] 3) Parking management: a) Various types of vehicles are parked in different categories in the service area, and there are isolation measures between the different areas; b) A parking space status display system is set up in the service area parking spaces; c) There are dedicated personnel in the parking lot to direct vehicles to park in order, and the parking order is good;

[0101] (6) Charging and swapping facilities

[0102] 1) Charging parking space ratio: a) The ratio of electric vehicle charging parking spaces shall not be less than 10%, and the ratio of reserved charging parking spaces shall not be less than 10%; b) The ratio of non-on-board chargers shall not be less than 10%;

[0103] 2) Operation control: a) The dedicated substation for charging facilities is located at the load center of the charging facilities, and the dedicated transformers for charging stations, battery replacement stations, and charging host systems are installed nearby; b) The AC charging piles and battery replacement stations for self-use in the service area use the low-peak electricity at night for scheduled charging or scheduled charging; c) The battery replacement station uses a pre-installed battery replacement station;

[0104] (7) Photovoltaic system

[0105] 1) Energy supply monitoring; a) Large and medium-sized photovoltaic power stations are equipped with solar radiation field observation devices; b) The auxiliary heat source heat supply of the photovoltaic system, the inlet and outlet water temperature of the thermal collection system, the circulating water flow of the thermal collection system, and the power generation of the system are monitored and measured;

[0106] 2) Collector performance: The collector efficiency of the solar thermal utilization system complies with the limit values ​​specified in GB 55015-2021;

[0107] 3) Energy storage system: a) The start-up and shutdown time of the energy storage system meets the requirements of the grid-connected dispatching agreement, and the energy storage system connected to the public power grid at a voltage level of 10(6) kV or above can execute the start-up and shutdown instructions of the grid dispatching agency; b) The energy storage system has the ability to control active power, regulate reactive power, and regulate power factor and meet the system functional requirements;

[0108] 4) Photovoltaic building integration: The photovoltaic power generation system installed on the building does not reduce the sunshine standard of adjacent buildings;

[0109] (8) Ground Source Heat Pump

[0110] 1) Unit energy efficiency: The energy efficiency level of the water (ground) source heat pump unit reaches the highest energy efficiency level specified in GB 30721-2014;

[0111] 2) Cold and hot sources: The cold and hot source temperatures of the water (ground) source heat pump unit are within the range specified in GB / T 19409-2013;

[0112] 3) Groundwater protection: The groundwater heat exchange system adopts reliable recharge measures, and all groundwater after replacing cold or heat is recharged into the same aquifer;

[0113] (9) Air source heat pump

[0114] 1) Unit energy efficiency: The energy efficiency level of the low-temperature heat pump unit is the highest energy efficiency level specified in GB 37480-2019;

[0115] 2) Sealing performance: The sealing performance of the refrigeration system pipeline of the air source heat pump unit complies with the provisions of GB / T 25127.1-2020;

[0116] (10) Land resource utilization

[0117] 1) Space utilization: a) Construction of underground, semi-underground, overhead and other multi-level parking lots or rooftop parking lots; b) Conservation and intensive use of land, and the layout method reserves reasonable space for the expansion of service area functions in the future;

[0118] 2) Permeable pavement: a) All sidewalks shall be paved with permeable ground; b) The parking area for small vehicles within the site shall be paved with permeable ground, and the proportion of permeable ground in the total area of ​​the parking area for small vehicles shall not be less than 80%;

[0119] 3) Vertical design: The slope of the site is 0.5% to 8%, the drainage system is unobstructed, and there is no water accumulation on the paved ground;

[0120] 4) Site greening: a) Roof greening or vertical greening is adopted, and the area of ​​roof greening shall not be less than 40% of the total roof area; b) Native plants are used for site greening, and the greening rate reaches more than 25%;

[0121] 5) Landscape improvement: artificial wetlands are used as service areas for sewage treatment processes, and artificial wetlands and green spaces are planned in a coordinated manner;

[0122] (11) Water resource utilization

[0123] 1) Wastewater treatment and reuse: Build wastewater treatment and reuse facilities to reuse it for flushing toilets, greening, landscape water, etc. Points are calculated based on the proportion of recycled water utilization to the total water consumption in the service area;

[0124] 2) Rainwater collection and utilization: Rationally collect and utilize rainwater, and use reliable treatment technology to ensure water quality. Points are calculated based on the proportion of rainwater utilization to the total water consumption in the service area;

[0125] 3) Water-saving system: a) The valves, pipes and fittings used in the water supply system shall comply with the requirements of relevant product standards, and there shall be no leakage in the water supply system; b) There shall be no overpressure outflow in the water supply system, and the water supply pressure at the water point shall not exceed 0.20MPa, and shall not be less than the minimum working pressure required by the water-using appliances; c) A water meter shall be installed, and water metering devices shall be set up for kitchen, bathroom, accommodation, car washing, green landscape water use, etc. according to the purpose or user, and water consumption shall be counted; d) Water quantity and quality shall be monitored and feedback shall be given through intelligent control methods;

[0126] 4) Water-saving appliances and equipment: a) Service area sanitary appliances shall comply with the provisions of GB / T 31436-2015, and appliances with a water efficiency level of 1 shall be selected; b) Greening irrigation shall adopt high-efficiency water-saving irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, and infiltration irrigation; c) Service area car washing shall adopt waterless car washing and micro-water car washing technology, and a circulating water device shall be set up when micro-water car washing is used; d) An air conditioning condensate water recovery system shall be set up and used for waterscape, greening, etc.;

[0127] (12) Institutional Guarantee

[0128] 1) Management system certification: a) The service area operating unit has ISO 14001 environmental management system certification; b) The service area operating unit has GB / T 23331 energy management system certification;

[0129] 2) Publicity: a) Set up a publicity column to introduce the zero-carbon service area; b) Set up a public participation channel, conduct a public satisfaction survey and collect opinions;

[0130] (13) Personnel support

[0131] 1) Staffing: full-time environmental protection personnel are deployed to be responsible for the operation and management of environmental protection facilities such as sewage and garbage treatment and environmental monitoring equipment to ensure that the facilities and equipment are in good operating condition;

[0132] 2) Education and training: Equipment management technicians receive professional training and are certified before taking up their posts;

[0133] (14) Technical support

[0134] 1) Environmental monitoring: Conduct environmental monitoring and regularly record or submit environmental monitoring data

[0135] 2) Inspection and maintenance: a) Regularly inspect the appearance of buildings and structures, and keep complete maintenance and servicing records; b) Regularly inspect the heating system, and keep complete inspection records; c) Regularly inspect and clean the air conditioning and ventilation system, and keep complete inspection records; d) Regularly inspect the lighting and electrical systems, and keep complete inspection records; e) Conduct a comprehensive inspection of fire-fighting facilities at least once a year to ensure that they are intact and effective, and keep complete and accurate inspection records; f) Regularly inspect the leakage of the pipe network, and ensure that there is no overpressure outflow in the water supply system, and keep complete inspection records;

[0136] 3) Application of new technologies: a) Installing devices to count vehicles entering; b) Setting up speed limit signs and speed detection and display systems on ramps entering service areas; c) Taking other innovative technical measures to save energy resources, protect the ecological environment, and ensure safety and health, with obvious benefits;

[0137] (14) Financial security

[0138] 1) Funding arrangement: The funds for landscape sketches, service facilities and cultural construction designed to beautify the environment and facilitate the rest and leisure of drivers and passengers shall not be less than 2% of the total construction and installation cost of the service area;

[0139] 2) Investment channels: In addition to highway construction funds, attract other funds to invest in service area construction;

[0140] (15) Water pollution prevention and control

[0141] 1) Drainage diversion: Flushing facilities are installed near the parking spaces for livestock transport vehicles, and their drainage is collected in the sewage network;

[0142] 2) Emergency prevention and control: emergency collection pools are set up in the parking areas for hazardous chemicals vehicles;

[0143] (16) Air pollution prevention and control

[0144] 1) Dust control: a) Promote the use of premixed concrete and pre-rolled mortar; b) Take measures such as shielding, sprinkling water, and covering during construction to reduce dust and protect the surrounding environment;

[0145] 2) Parking arrangement: The parking space for livestock transport vehicles shall be greater than 15.0m away from crowded areas, and located downwind of the prevailing wind direction all year round, and greater than 6.0m away from other vehicles;

[0146] (17) Noise pollution prevention and control

[0147] 1) Indoor prevention and control: The exterior walls, partitions, doors, windows, and floors of guest rooms and dormitories are made of sound-proof materials to ensure that the indoor noise level is less than or equal to 50dB during the day and less than or equal to 40dB at night;

[0148] 2) Outdoor prevention and control: There are ecological noise reduction measures between the service area and the main line section;

[0149] (18) Solid waste treatment

[0150] 1) Garbage collection and treatment: a) Implement effective classification, collection and treatment of garbage; b) Garbage collection stations (points) have closed measures to reduce the escape of odor;

[0151] 2) Waste disposal: Take measures to reduce or recycle solid waste;

[0152] (19) Resource protection

[0153] 1) Topsoil protection: Collect and pile up the topsoil in a centralized manner and take temporary protective measures;

[0154] 2) Natural vegetation protection: protect the native natural vegetation in the site and surrounding areas;

[0155] 3) Water protection: preserve and protect natural water systems, wetlands, etc. within and around the site;

[0156] In this embodiment, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weights of the primary and secondary indicators in the evaluation index system. The method for determining the weights is as follows:

[0157] (1) Establishing a hierarchical model

[0158] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the decision-making objectives, decision-making criteria and decision-making objects are divided into the highest level, the middle level and the lowest level according to their mutual relationship. The highest level refers to the purpose of decision-making and the problem to be solved, the middle level refers to the factors to be considered and the criteria for decision-making, and the lowest level refers to the alternative plans for decision-making.

[0159] (2) Constructing the judgment matrix

[0160] As shown in Table 1, the orthogonal mode is used to analyze the hierarchical structure model, that is, to construct a judgment matrix. The matrix is ​​expressed as:

[0161] <![CDATA[A1]]> <![CDATA[A2]]> …… <![CDATA[A n ]]> <![CDATA[A1]]> <![CDATA[a 11 ]]> <![CDATA[a 12 ]]> …… <![CDATA[a 11 ]]> <![CDATA[A2]]> <![CDATA[a 21 ]]> <![CDATA[a 22 ]]> …… <![CDATA[a 2n ]]> <![CDATA[A n ]]> <![CDATA[a n1 ]]> <![CDATA[a n2 ]]> …… <![CDATA[a nn ]]>

[0162] Table 2

[0163] The judgment matrix transforms the multi-index comparison problem into a single orthogonal comparison problem, and reduces the specific problem to the relative weight or relative advantages and disadvantages comparison of the importance of each layer of indicators. The pairwise comparison structure in the judgment matrix is ​​summarized as:

[0164]

[0165] Determine the score of pairwise comparison (a ij ) Refer to Saaty's 1-9 scale method, as shown in Table 2. This method is a quantitative method for hierarchical analysis and can be used to compare the importance or priority of different things, as shown in Table 3. The scores were obtained by distributing questionnaires to experts.

[0166]

[0167] Table 3

[0168] (3) Calculate weight

[0169] After completing the hierarchical comparison of each level, the hierarchical analysis method further uses methods such as solving the eigenvector of the judgment matrix to quantify its qualitative comparison results, thereby converting the qualitative analysis results into quantitative analysis results. The embodiment uses the sum-product method to obtain the eigenvector (weight vector). The weight calculation formula is:

[0170]

[0171] Among them, h ij ,h i To calculate the process variable, h ij h is the matrix factor of the judgment matrix normalized by column vector, i h ij The matrix factors after row-wise summation, is the eigenvector factor.

[0172] The calculation formula of the maximum characteristic root of the judgment matrix is:

[0173]

[0174] (4)Consistency test

[0175] Calculate the maximum eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix, and use the consistency index CI, random consistency index RI and consistency ratio CR to perform consistency test. If the consistency ratio CR < 0.1, the judgment matrix has good consistency. CI and CR are calculated as follows:

[0176]

[0177] Among them, λ max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, and n is the number of eigenvalues;

[0178] In this embodiment, based on the construction of the zero-carbon evaluation index system of the service area, the main indicators of the questionnaire required for investigation and analysis in the subsequent analytic hierarchy process are obtained, and the questionnaire is further compiled on this basis. One question is set for the comparison between every two indicators to form the main part of the questionnaire.

[0179] The stem of each question is a pairwise comparison of the first and second level indicators, and the options are a nine-level scale. The aforementioned zero-carbon service area evaluation index system contains a total of 6 first-level indicators, and the first-level indicators and their subordinate second-level indicators need to be compared in pairs, so there are a total of 42 questions. The questionnaire is distributed in the form of an electronic questionnaire, and is distributed to experts in the field of low-carbon transportation and energy.

[0180] The questionnaire data was sorted, and then the data was weighted to form a weighted evaluation result. The weighted values ​​are shown in Table 4.

[0181]

[0182] Table 4

[0183] By converting the evaluation results of each indicator into a quantitative expression, the overall score within the indicator can be further weighted and summarized as follows:

[0184]

[0185] Among them, C is the expected value of an element in the judgment matrix, f(n) is the specific score value of an expert for the element, and n is the number of experts.

[0186] Finally, for the overall weighted evaluation results, the rounding standard is adopted to refer to the nine-level scale to form the qualitative evaluation results. After determining the corresponding numerical value of the qualitative evaluation results, the indicator weight is calculated.

[0187] In the embodiment, the corresponding weights of the primary indicators and the secondary indicators in the constructed evaluation system are shown in Table 5 and Table 6.

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] Table 5

[0191] Among them, w i After passing the consistency test

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] In the embodiment, the full marks of indicators at each level are set in combination with weights. The full marks of each first-level indicator evaluation score are 100 points. The full marks of second-level indicators are based on the weight calculation results, 100 points are allocated proportionally and rounded to meet the scoring specifications. The full marks of third-level indicators are set according to the quantity and quality of the corresponding scoring regulations.

[0195] Exemplarily, the full score setting of the first-level indicator traffic system in the present invention is shown in Table 7.

[0196]

[0197] Table 7

[0198] In the embodiment, the calculation method of the zero-carbon evaluation score of the service area starts from the third-level indicators, scores are calculated according to the completion quantity or completion quality of the specific evaluation regulations, and the weights of the first-level and second-level indicators are summarized and calculated, and finally the scores of the six first-level indicators and the total score are obtained. The total score of the zero-carbon evaluation of the service area is 100 points, and the full score of each of the six first-level indicators is 100 points. The calculation formula is:

[0199]

[0200] Among them, T is the total score of the zero-carbon service area evaluation, i is the serial number of the first-level evaluation index, and w i is the weight of the first-level indicator of the i-th category, S i Score the first-level indicator of category i;

[0201] According to the specific evaluation conditions of the service area, after determining the non-evaluation regulations, the first-level indicator score calculation formula is:

[0202]

[0203] Among them, S i is the score of the first-level indicator of category i, A i is the sum of the scores of the regulations actually evaluated for the first-level indicators of the i-th category, R i It is the remaining score after deducting the non-evaluation regulations for the first-level indicators of the i-th category from the full score of the indicator system.

[0204] Illustratively, the calculation results of the total score of the zero-carbon grade evaluation score of the target service area in the present invention are shown in Table 8.

[0205]

[0206] Table 8

[0207] In the embodiment, as shown in Table 9, the service area carbon emission grade classification standard divides the service areas into three categories: low carbon, near zero carbon, and zero carbon according to the carbon emission evaluation scores of the service areas, and the service area zero carbon grade classification standard divides the service areas into three categories: one-star, two-star, and three-star according to the zero carbon evaluation scores of the service areas.

[0208]

[0209] Table 9

[0210] Exemplarily, the evaluation target service area in the present invention is a three-star zero-carbon service area.

[0211] The specific settings are based on actual construction requirements and are not specifically limited in this application.

[0212] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any other form of limitation to the present invention. Any modification or equivalent change made based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Carbon emission evaluation of service areas, involving two types of evaluation indicators and carbon emission evaluation score calculation; S2: Based on the carbon emission evaluation scores, a carbon emission classification standard is formed; S3: Zero-carbon evaluation of service areas, including building a zero-carbon multi-level evaluation index system, determining the completion target of each index, assigning index weights, and calculating zero-carbon evaluation scores based on the weights; S4: Based on the zero-carbon evaluation scores, a zero-carbon grade classification standard is formed.

2. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two types of carbon emission evaluation indicators in S1 include carbon emission reduction rate and carbon offset rate indicators. The carbon emission reduction rate is the ratio of the carbon replacement amount corresponding to the self-produced green electricity of the service area to the total carbon emissions of the service area, and is calculated as follows: Among them, F r is the carbon emission reduction rate of the service area (%); E g is the carbon dioxide emissions reduced by the service area's self-produced green electricity, tCO2; E is the carbon emissions generated during the service area's operation, tCO2; The carbon offset rate is the ratio of the sum of the carbon emission reduction corresponding to the purchase of carbon credits in the service area, the carbon substitution corresponding to the purchase of green electricity certificates, and the carbon absorption corresponding to the carbon sink in the service area to the total carbon emissions in the service area. The calculation method is: Among them, F c is the carbon offset rate of the service area (%); E s is the carbon sink in the service area tCO2; E c Carbon emission reductions purchased for the service area, tCO2.

3. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 carbon emission evaluation score is calculated as follows: F=F r +F c Among them, F is the carbon emission level evaluation score of the service area; F r is the carbon emission reduction rate of the service area (%); F c is the carbon offset rate of the service area.

4. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 carbon emission grade classification standard divides service areas into three categories: low carbon, near zero carbon, and zero carbon according to the carbon emission evaluation scores of the service areas.

5. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 zero-carbon multi-level evaluation index system includes primary indicators, secondary indicators, tertiary indicators and specific scoring regulations; The first-level indicators include building systems, transportation systems, clean energy, resource utilization, safeguards, and ecological protection; Secondary indicators include lighting appliances, HVAC, building envelope, and computer room equipment under the building system; traffic organization and charging and swapping facilities under the traffic system; photovoltaic systems, ground source heat pumps, and air source heat pumps under clean energy; land resource utilization and water resource utilization under resource utilization; institutional guarantees, personnel guarantees, technical guarantees, and financial guarantees under safeguard measures; water pollution prevention and control, air pollution prevention and control, noise pollution prevention and control, solid waste treatment, and resource protection under ecological protection; The third-level indicators include electrical equipment and control measures for lighting appliances, unit energy efficiency and operation control for HVAC, thermal performance, air tightness, ventilation and shading, natural lighting, and passive rooms for building envelopes, unit energy efficiency for computer room equipment, vehicle flow lines, pedestrian services, and parking management for traffic organization, charging parking space ratio and operation control for charging and swapping facilities, energy supply monitoring, collector performance, energy storage system, and photovoltaic building integration for photovoltaic systems, unit energy efficiency, cold and heat sources, and groundwater protection for ground-source heat pumps, unit energy efficiency and sealing performance for air-source heat pumps, and space utilization, permeable paving, vertical design, and site management for land resource utilization. Greening of the land, improvement of the landscape, sewage treatment and reuse, rainwater collection and utilization, water-saving systems, water-saving appliances and equipment under water resource utilization, management system certification and public publicity under institutional guarantees, personnel deployment and education and training under personnel guarantees, environmental monitoring, inspection and maintenance, and application of new technologies under technical guarantees, funding arrangements and investment channels under financial guarantees, drainage diversion and emergency prevention and control under water pollution prevention and control, dust control and parking settings under air pollution prevention and control, indoor and outdoor prevention and control under noise pollution prevention and control, garbage collection and treatment, and waste disposal under solid waste treatment, topsoil protection, natural vegetation protection, and water body protection under resource protection.

6. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 indicator weight determination method adopts the hierarchical analysis method, and the method for determining the weight is as follows: S31: Establish a hierarchical model: divide the decision-making objectives, decision-making criteria and decision-making objects into the highest level, middle level and lowest level according to their mutual relationship. The highest level refers to the purpose of decision-making and the problem to be solved, the middle level refers to the factors to be considered and the criteria for decision-making, and the lowest level refers to the alternative plans for decision-making. S32: Construct judgment matrix: The hierarchical model uses orthogonal mode for analysis, transforming the multi-indicator comparison problem into a single orthogonal comparison problem, and reducing the specific problem to the relative weight of the importance of each layer of indicators or the relative advantages and disadvantages comparison problem. The pairwise comparison structure in the judgment matrix can be summarized as: Determine the score a for pairwise comparison of indicators ij Refer to Saaty's 1-9 scale method, which is a quantitative method for hierarchical analysis and can be used to compare the importance or priority of different things. The scores are obtained by sending questionnaires to experts. S33: Calculate weight: Use the sum-product method to obtain the feature vector. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, h ij ,h i To calculate the process variable, h ij h is the matrix factor of the judgment matrix normalized by column vector, i h ij The matrix factors after row-wise summation, is the eigenvector factor. Calculate the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix. The calculation formula is as follows: S34: Consistency test: Calculate the maximum eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix, and use the consistency index CI, random consistency index RI and consistency ratio CR to perform consistency test. The calculation formulas of CI and CR are as follows: Among them, λ max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, and n is the number of eigenvalues.

7. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 zero-carbon evaluation score calculation starts from the third-level indicators, and is scored according to the target completion quantity or completion quality, and finally the six categories of first-level indicator scores and the total score are summarized. The total score of the service area zero-carbon evaluation is 100 points, and the full score of each of the six first-level indicators is 100 points. The total score calculation method is as follows: Among them, T is the total score of the zero-carbon service area evaluation, i is the serial number of the first-level evaluation index, and w i is the weight of the first-level indicator of the i-th category, S i Score for the first-level indicator of category i.

8. The method for constructing an evaluation index system for the operation stage of a zero-carbon service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 service area zero-carbon grade classification standard divides the service areas into three categories: one-star, two-star, and three-star according to the zero-carbon evaluation scores of the service areas.

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