A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, comprising a housing, a battery cell arranged in the housing, and a control circuit board; the control circuit board is provided with a charging interface, and the housing or the upper sealing cover is provided with a socket adapted to the charging interface; the battery cell is provided with a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a diaphragm, and an electrolyte, the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive electrode diaphragm; the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode diaphragm is c % is less than 15%, and the density of the electrolyte is 1.1 to 1.25 g / cm 3 The battery charging interface provided by the present invention is integrated with the battery and is easy to use; the battery provided by the present invention uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material, which is relatively low in cost. The positive electrode membrane on the positive electrode plate of the battery provided by the present invention has a low ineffective pore porosity and good rate performance, which can meet the fast charging requirements of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and in particular to a fast-charging AA or AAA lithium ion battery. Background Art

[0002] AA or AAA type batteries are widely used in various portable small electronic devices and household appliances. They are divided into primary batteries and secondary batteries. Primary batteries have certain recycling pollution problems. Secondary batteries are usually used in some applications with high frequency of use. Secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. However, since the voltage of the former two is 1.2V, their application is limited. The voltage of lithium-ion batteries can reach 3.7V, which can completely replace primary batteries and has high energy density. At present, the AA or AAA type secondary lithium-ion batteries on the market usually use positive electrode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, which are relatively expensive. In addition, the AA or AAA type secondary lithium-ion batteries on the market usually need to be equipped with a dedicated charger, which makes it inconvenient to use and has a poor experience.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, aiming to provide an AA or AAA lithium-ion battery with an integrated charging interface and battery, a fast-charging function, low cost, and a long life.

[0005] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, comprising a housing, a battery cell disposed within the housing, a control circuit board, and an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover for sealing the housing; the battery cell comprises an upper positive terminal and a lower negative terminal; a positive electrode cap is welded to the top of the control circuit board, and a positive electrode connecting piece is welded to the bottom of the control circuit board, the positive electrode connecting piece abutting the positive terminal; the positive electrode cap extends through the upper sealing cover and, together with the upper sealing cover, seals the control circuit board between the upper sealing cover and the battery cell; a charging interface and a charging protection circuit are provided on the control circuit board, and a jack adapted for the charging interface is provided on the housing or the upper sealing cover;

[0007] The battery cell is provided with a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator and an electrolyte. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode membrane provided on at least one surface of the positive electrode collector and including lithium iron phosphate. The negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode membrane provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode collector and including graphite.

[0008] Porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % is less than 15%, the ineffective porosity H c% is defined as the ratio of the volume of invalid pores in the positive electrode membrane to the total volume of the positive electrode membrane. Invalid pores refer to the volume of the space in the positive electrode membrane that cannot be infiltrated by the electrolyte except for the lithium iron phosphate body.

[0009] The density of the electrolyte is 1.1~1.25g / cm 3 .

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane is a % is 9~14%, the ineffective pore porosity H a % is defined as the ratio of the volume of invalid pores in the negative electrode membrane to the total volume of the negative electrode membrane. Invalid pores refer to the volume of the space in the negative electrode membrane that cannot be wetted by the electrolyte except the graphite body.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 to 7:

[0012] Condition 1: Porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % satisfies 8% to 12%;

[0013] Condition 2: Porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % and the ineffective porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a % satisfies H a % / H c % = 1.12 ~ 1.17;

[0014] Condition 3: Compaction density PD of positive electrode c 2.25~2.40g / cm 3 ;

[0015] Condition 4: Compaction density PD of negative electrode a 1.40~1.60g / cm 3 ;

[0016] Condition 5: Invalid Porosity in, PD c The compaction density of the positive electrode; ρ c is the true density of lithium iron phosphate, which is 3.6 g / cm 3 ; V S is the electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the positive electrode membrane, in cm 3 / g;

[0017] Condition 6: Ineffective porosity in, PD a is the compaction density of the negative electrode; ρ a is the true density of graphite, which is 2.26 g / cm 3 ; V s is the electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the negative electrode membrane, in cm 3 / g;

[0018] Condition 7: The electrolyte comprises, by mass percentage, 13% to 15% of a lithium salt, 5% to 6% of an additive, and 79% to 81% of a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluorobenzene, and ethyl acetate; the additive comprises at least one of vinylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, and lithium difluorophosphate; and the lithium salt is LiPF6.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions eight to fourteen:

[0020] Condition 8: The positive electrode current collector is aluminum foil;

[0021] Condition 9: The negative electrode current collector is copper foil;

[0022] Condition 10: The positive electrode membrane also includes a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductor, and the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate, positive electrode conductor, and positive electrode binder is 95-97:1.5-2.5:1-3; the positive electrode binder is PVDF, and the positive electrode conductor is at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0023] Condition 11: The negative electrode membrane also includes a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode conductor, and the mass ratio of graphite, negative electrode conductor and negative electrode binder is 94.5~96.5:1~2:1~1.8:0.9~2; the negative electrode binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber and polyacrylic acid binder, and the negative electrode conductor is at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes and graphene.

[0024] Condition 12: The electrolyte injection coefficient is 2.6-3.2g / Ah;

[0025] Condition 13: The specific surface area of ​​lithium iron phosphate is 10-15m 2 / g, tap density TD is 0.8~1.5g / cm 3 ;

[0026] Condition 14: The BET surface area of ​​graphite is 1 to 2.2 m 2 / g, tap density TD is 1~1.3g / cm 3 .

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, a negative electrode connecting piece is provided between the negative electrode terminal and the lower sealing cover, and one end of the negative electrode connecting piece abuts the negative electrode terminal, and the other end of the negative electrode connecting piece abuts the lower sealing cover.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the lithium-ion battery further satisfies at least one of the following characteristics 1 to 4:

[0029] Feature 1: The charging protection circuit includes a voltage stabilization circuit and a charging control circuit;

[0030] Feature 2: A first insulating device is provided between the upper sealing cover and the control circuit board;

[0031] Feature 3: A second insulating device is provided between the control circuit board and the battery cell;

[0032] Feature 4: The charging interface is Lightning interface or Type C interface.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a battery cell in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) lithium iron phosphate, a positive electrode conductive agent, a positive electrode binder and a solvent 1 are mixed to prepare a positive electrode slurry, the positive electrode slurry is coated on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode sheet is obtained by drying, pressing, cutting and sheeting;

[0035] (2) Graphite, a negative electrode conductive agent, and a negative electrode binder are mixed, solvent 2 is added, and the mixture is stirred to prepare a negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry is coated on a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode sheet is obtained by drying, pressing, cutting, and sheeting;

[0036] (3) stacking the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet in sequence and winding them to form a bare cell;

[0037] (4) The bare battery cell is fixed in the steel shell by spot bottom welding, and the electrolyte is injected after drying. Then, the battery cell is obtained by cap welding, sealing, standing, degassing, forming and aging.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, drying and pressing includes: drying the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry or the negative electrode slurry until the weight loss is 50% to 90% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight, taking it out for pressing; then continuing to dry it to constant weight and pressing it again.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressing conditions are: the pressing temperature is lower than 25° C., the pressing pressure is 0.1 to 0.5 MPa, and the pressing time is 60 to 120 s.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, solvent 1 is N-methylpyrrolidone NMP, and solvent 2 is deionized water.

[0041] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) The present invention provides a rechargeable AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, which is provided with a charging interface. The charging interface is integrated with the battery and is easy to use.

[0043] (2) The lithium-ion battery provided by the present invention uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material, which has low cost.

[0044] (3) The positive electrode membrane on the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion battery provided by the present invention has a low ineffective pore porosity and good rate performance, which can meet the fast charging requirements of the battery.

[0045] (4) The battery cell provided by the present invention has both good rate performance and cycle stability, and has good adaptability as an AA or AAA type battery. The AA or AAA type battery prepared therefrom has good fast charging performance and cycle performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the lithium-ion battery structure of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the battery cell of the present invention;

[0049] In the figure: 1. Outer casing; 2. Battery cell; 3. Control circuit board; 4. Upper sealing cover; 5. Lower sealing cover; 21. Positive terminal; 22. Negative terminal; 31. Positive electrode cap; 32. Positive electrode connector; 33. Type C charging port; 11. Jack; 6. Negative electrode connector; 21. Positive electrode plate; 22. Negative electrode plate; 23. Diaphragm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are used. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, all are conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0052] Reference herein to an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present application, the term "or / and" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A or / and B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0054] In addition, the character “ / ” in this article generally indicates that the previous and next related objects are in an “or” relationship.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" means more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" means more than two groups (including two groups), and "multi-layer" means more than two layers (including two layers), unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.

[0056] In the embodiments of the present application, “at least one” means one or more than one.

[0057] In the embodiments of the present application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the technical terms "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed in a specific direction, etc., and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific circumstances.

[0058] The present invention provides a fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, comprising a housing, a battery cell disposed in the housing, a control circuit board, and an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover for sealing the housing; a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator, and an electrolyte are disposed in the battery cell; the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode membrane disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector and comprising lithium iron phosphate; the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode membrane disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector and comprising graphite; the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane is c % is less than 15%, the ineffective porosity Hc % is defined as the ratio of the volume of invalid pores in the positive electrode membrane to the total volume of the positive electrode membrane. Invalid pores refer to the volume of the space in the positive electrode membrane that cannot be infiltrated by the electrolyte except for the lithium iron phosphate body. The density of the electrolyte is 1.1-1.25g / cm 3 .

[0059] Currently, fast-charging batteries used in commercially available consumer electronics typically utilize layered cathode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. These cathode materials, due to their inclusion of cobalt metal, are relatively expensive. Lithium iron phosphate, however, is expected to gradually replace layered cathode materials in the 3C industry due to its widespread availability, low price, and high safety. However, the self-limiting nature of the spinel structure of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials results in low lithium ion transport efficiency, resulting in slower charge and discharge rates.

[0060] The present invention provides a battery cell with fast charging performance suitable for AA or AAA lithium ion batteries, using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material, and the density of the electrolyte in the battery cell is 1.1-1.25 g / cm 3 , the ineffective porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % is lower than 15%, so it has a higher charging efficiency, the 14C constant current ratio is maintained at more than 90%, and the capacity retention rate is maintained at more than 96% after 600 cycles at a 4C rate.

[0061] Ineffective pore porosity H c %

[0062] The volume of the positive electrode membrane includes the volume of lithium iron phosphate, conductive agent, binder, and pores, wherein the pores also include open pores and closed pores. The present invention defines the pores that cannot be wetted by the electrolyte as closed pores, and the pores that can be wetted by the electrolyte as open pores; therefore, the volume of the space in the membrane that cannot be wetted by the electrolyte other than the lithium iron phosphate body includes the volume of the conductive agent, binder, and closed pores; that is, Among them, V T is the total unit mass volume of the diaphragm (cm 3 / g), PD c The compaction density of the positive electrode sheet (g / cm 3 );V H is the unit mass volume excluding the lithium iron phosphate body (cm 3 / g), ρ c is the true density of lithium iron phosphate (3.6 g / cm 3 ),Right now V S is the electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the positive electrode membrane (cm 3 / g).

[0063] The lower the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane, the more lithium iron phosphate active materials or the fewer closed pores. The more lithium iron phosphate active materials, the larger the capacity, and the fewer closed pores, the better the wettability of the electrolyte to the positive electrode membrane. Both are beneficial to improving the lithium ion transmission efficiency of the positive electrode sheet and improving its rate performance, thereby achieving fast charging.

[0064] Since the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane is related to the compaction density of the positive electrode membrane and the electrolyte absorption capacity, the preparation process and the density of the electrolyte have a great influence on it. The density of the electrolyte provided by the present invention is 1.1-1.25 g / cm 3 In this density range, the electrolyte has good wettability to the electrode, reducing the closed pores of the positive electrode membrane.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane is a % is 9~14%.

[0066] Similarly, the ineffective porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a % calculation method is the same as that of the positive electrode membrane, and H a The smaller the %, the more conducive it is to the deintercalation and insertion of lithium ions, and the better it is for improving its rate performance.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane is c % satisfies 8% to 12%; within this range, the positive electrode film can achieve both good rate performance and cycle performance. c % should not be too low, as too low indicates that there is too little conductive agent or adhesive. The former will reduce the conductivity, while the latter will reduce the bonding strength between components and between the membrane and the current collector, making it easy for them to separate from each other as the cycle progresses, resulting in increased internal resistance.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane is c % and the ineffective porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a % satisfies H a % / H c % = 1.12 ~ 1.17. Meeting this range ensures that during the charge and discharge process, the lithium ion insertion and removal rate in the positive electrode is balanced with the lithium ion insertion and removal rate in the negative electrode, thereby meeting the fast charging requirements and avoiding the inconsistent lithium ion insertion and removal rates that may lead to lithium plating or increased internal resistance, thereby ensuring the battery life and safety.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compaction density PD of the positive electrode sheet is c 2.25~2.40g / cm 3 .

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compaction density PD of the negative electrode sheet is a 1.40~1.60g / cm 3 .

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte comprises, by mass percentage, 13% to 15% lithium salt, 5% to 6% additives and 79% to 81% solvent, the solvent comprising at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluorobenzene and ethyl acetate; the additive comprises at least one of vinylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate and lithium difluorophosphate; and the lithium salt is LiPF6.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode current collector is aluminum foil.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode current collector is copper foil.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode membrane also includes a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductor, and the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate, positive electrode conductor, and positive electrode binder is 95-97:1.5-2.5:1-3; the positive electrode binder is polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF, and the positive electrode conductor is at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode membrane also includes a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode conductor, and the mass ratio of graphite, negative electrode conductor, and negative electrode binder is 94.5~96.5:1~2:1~1.8:0.9~2; the negative electrode binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, and polyacrylic acid binders, and the negative electrode conductor is at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte injection coefficient is 2.6 to 3.2 g / Ah.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​lithium iron phosphate is 10 to 15 m 2 / g, tap density TD is 0.8~1.5g / cm 3 .

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, the BET specific surface area of ​​graphite is 1 to 2.2 m 2 / g, tap density TD is 1~1.3g / cm 3 .

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, a negative electrode connecting piece is provided between the negative electrode terminal and the lower sealing cover, and one end of the negative electrode connecting piece abuts the negative electrode terminal, and the other end of the negative electrode connecting piece abuts the lower sealing cover.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the charging protection circuit includes a voltage stabilization circuit and a charging control circuit.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, a first insulating device is provided between the upper sealing cover and the control circuit board.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present invention, a second insulating device is provided between the control circuit board and the battery cell.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the charging interface is a Lightning interface or a Type C interface, preferably a Type C interface.

[0084] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a battery cell according to any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0085] (1) lithium iron phosphate, a positive electrode conductive agent, a positive electrode binder and a solvent 1 are mixed to prepare a positive electrode slurry, the positive electrode slurry is coated on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode sheet is obtained by drying, pressing, cutting and sheeting;

[0086] (2) Graphite, a negative electrode conductive agent, and a negative electrode binder are mixed, solvent 2 is added, and the mixture is stirred to prepare a negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry is coated on a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode sheet is obtained by drying, pressing, cutting, and sheeting;

[0087] (3) stacking the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet in order and winding them to form a bare cell;

[0088] (4) The bare battery cell is fixed in the steel shell by spot bottom welding, and the electrolyte is injected after drying. Then, the battery cell is obtained by cap welding, sealing, standing, degassing, forming and aging.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, drying and pressing includes drying the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry or negative electrode slurry until the weight loss is 50% to 90% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight, removing the current collector and pressing it; then continuing to dry it to constant weight and pressing it again. Preferably, the pressing conditions are: a pressing temperature below 25°C, a pressing pressure of 0.1 to 0.5 MPa, and a pressing time of 60 to 120 seconds.

[0090] In the prior art, a current collector coated with positive / negative electrode slurry is typically dried to a constant weight and then cold-pressed to produce a pole piece. The principle behind controlling the compaction density is to achieve a pole piece with a certain compaction density by controlling the surface density during the coating process and the thickness of the cold-pressed portion. This approach produces a large number of closed pores, thereby increasing the ineffective porosity of the pole piece. The present invention creatively cold-presses the pole piece while it is still wet. The positive electrode membrane on the wet pole piece retains a certain degree of fluidity. Cold-pressing this membrane can rearrange the components within the membrane, facilitating the expulsion of gas trapped in the closed pores and thus reducing the number of closed pores. It should be noted that cold-pressing the current collector coated with positive / negative electrode slurry when its weight loss is 50% to 90% of the weight loss upon drying to a constant weight is a result of extensive testing that demonstrates optimal results. If the weight loss rate is greater than 90%, the reduction in closed pores is less effective. If the weight loss rate is less than 50%, the membrane's high fluidity can easily lead to sticking to the roller. In addition, cold pressing is more effective than hot pressing. That is, using rollers with a temperature below 25°C during pressing helps the surface of the diaphragm to harden quickly the moment the rollers contact the diaphragm, preventing sticking. After the electrode is dried to a constant weight, cold pressing is performed again to control the compaction density.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present invention, solvent 1 is N-methylpyrrolidone NMP, and solvent 2 is deionized water.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, see Figure 1 The battery cell 2 includes a positive terminal 21 at the top and a negative terminal 22 at the bottom. A positive electrode cap 31 is welded to the top of the control circuit board 3, and a positive electrode connecting piece 32 is welded to the bottom of the control circuit board 3. The positive electrode connecting piece 32 abuts against the positive terminal 21 of the battery cell 2. The positive electrode cap 31 passes through the upper sealing cover 4 and, together with the upper sealing cover 4, seals the control circuit board 3 between the upper sealing cover 4 and the battery cell 2. The control circuit board 3 is provided with a Type C charging interface 33 and a charging protection circuit. The charging protection circuit is electrically connected to the Type C charging interface 33. The housing 1 is provided with a jack 11 compatible with the Type C charging interface 33. A negative electrode connecting piece 6 is provided between the negative terminal 22 of the battery cell 2 and the lower sealing cover 5. One end of the negative electrode connecting piece 6 abuts against the negative terminal 22, and the other end abuts against the lower sealing cover 5. The charging protection circuit includes a voltage stabilizing circuit and a charging control circuit.

[0094] See the structure of cell 2 Figure 2, provided with a positive electrode sheet 21, a negative electrode sheet 22 and a separator 23, the electrolyte is filled between the positive electrode sheet 21, the negative electrode sheet 22 and the separator 23, the positive electrode sheet 21 includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode membrane provided on at least one surface of the positive electrode collector and including lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode sheet 22 includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode membrane provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode collector and including graphite.

[0095] Porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % is 10.37%, and the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane is a % is 11.20%, that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H c % / H a %=1.08.

[0096] The filling coefficient of battery cell 2 is 2.82g / Ah.

[0097] The density of the electrolyte is 1.17 g / cm 3 , calculated by mass percentage, includes the following components: 80.5% solvent, 5.5% additive, 14% LiPF6; the solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl acetate in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:1, and the additive is a mixture of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and lithium difluorophosphate in a mass ratio of 4:1:1.

[0098] The preparation of the above-mentioned battery cell 2 includes the following steps:

[0099] (1) Preparation of the positive electrode sheet 21: PVDF is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a uniform glue solution, and then carbon nanotubes and carbon black SP are dispersed in the above glue solution in turn by ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring. Finally, lithium iron phosphate is added and the mixture is beaten under vacuum conditions and sieved to obtain a positive electrode slurry with a viscosity of 7522 mPa·s; the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate, carbon black SP, carbon nanotubes, and PVDF is 95.4:1.5:0.5:2.6; beating refers to homogenizing the slurry at room temperature using a stirring paddle that can move up and down, with a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a time of 0.5 h; the specific surface area of ​​lithium iron phosphate is 12.4 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.1g / cm 3 ; The positive electrode binder PVDF manufacturer is SOLVAF, carbon black SP, and carbon nanotube manufacturer is Yiruishi Graphite and Carbon.

[0100] The positive electrode slurry was then applied to both sides of the aluminum foil in turn to obtain a positive electrode coating, which was then dried in an oven at 80°C until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reached 50% to 60% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The positive electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the aluminum foil was 2.31 g / cm 3 The positive electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 60s.

[0101] (2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet 22: Graphite, carbon black SP, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, and styrene-butadiene rubber SBR were mixed in a mass ratio of 95.5:1.5:1.2:1.8, deionized water was added, and the mixture was stirred under vacuum to prepare a negative electrode slurry with a solid content of 50%; the specific surface area of ​​the graphite was 1.74 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.16g / cm 3 The CMC manufacturer is Japan Daicel, and the SBR manufacturer is Japan Aiyulong.

[0102] The negative electrode slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of the copper foil to obtain a negative electrode coating, which was then placed in an 80°C oven and dried until the weight loss of the negative electrode coating reached 60% to 70% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The negative electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the negative electrode coating was 1.5 g / cm 3 The negative electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 60s.

[0103] (3) The positive electrode sheet 21, the separator 23, and the negative electrode sheet 22 are stacked in order and wound to form a bare cell. The bare cell is fixed to the steel shell by spot welding, and after drying, the electrolyte is injected according to the injection coefficient. Then, the battery cell 2 is produced by cap welding, sealing, standing, degassing, chemical formation and aging. The separator is a ceramic-coated PP separator with a thickness of 12 μm.

[0104] The electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the positive and negative electrode membranes is determined by the following method:

[0105] Cut the positive electrode sheet or negative electrode sheet (hereinafter referred to as "electrode sheet") and the corresponding current collector into 50mm×50mm sheets to be tested, dry them at 85℃ to constant weight and weigh them. The electrode sheet sample is recorded as m E0 , the current collector sample is denoted as m C0 ; Place the sample to be tested in a sealed bottle and add electrolyte (density is ρ, unit is g / cm 3 ) immerse the sample to be tested and seal it. After soaking for 24 hours, take it out with tweezers and gently wipe the surface liquid dry with filter paper before weighing. The extreme piece sample is recorded as m E1 , the current collector sample is denoted as mC1 , that is, the electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the positive or negative electrode membrane Each electrode sample was tested at least three times, and a parallel test of the current collector was set up for each test, and the average value of the obtained Vs was taken.

[0106] The V of the positive electrode membrane of this embodiment S =0.1080cm 3 / g, V of negative electrode membrane s =0.1520cm 3 / g.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] The difference from Example 1 is that the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane is c % is 9.58%; that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H a % / H c %=1.17.

[0109] When preparing the positive electrode sheet, the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry is dried until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reaches 70% to 80% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight, and then taken out for cold pressing. The compacted density of the obtained positive electrode sheet is 2.28g / cm 3 , V of the positive electrode diaphragm S =0.1166cm 3 / g.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] The difference from Example 1 is that the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane is c % is 8.35%; that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H a % / H c %=1.34.

[0112] When preparing the positive electrode sheet, the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry is dried until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reaches 60% to 70% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight, and then taken out for cold pressing. The compacted density of the obtained positive electrode sheet is 2.35g / cm 3 , V of the positive electrode diaphragm S =0.1100cm 3 / g.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] The difference from Example 2 is that the density of the electrolyte is 1.10 g / cm 3, calculated by mass percentage, includes the following components: 80% solvent, 6% additive, and 14% LiPF6; the solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl acetate in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:2, and the additive is a mixture of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and lithium difluorophosphate in a mass ratio of 4:1:1.

[0115] Therefore, the V S =0.1215cm 3 / g, that is, the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % is 8.46%; the V s =0.1598cm 3 / g, that is, the ineffective porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a % is 10.03%, that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H c % / H a %=1.19.

[0116] Example 5

[0117] The difference from Example 2 is that the density of the electrolyte is 1.25 g / cm 3 , calculated by mass percentage, includes the following components: 80% solvent, 6% additive, and 14% LiPF6; the solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a mass ratio of 6:2:2, and the additive is a mixture of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and lithium difluorophosphate in a mass ratio of 4:1:1.

[0118] Therefore, the V S =0.1082cm 3 / g, that is, the ineffective porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % is 11.49%; V s =0.1345cm 3 / g, that is, the ineffective porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a % is 13.83%, that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H c % / H a %=1.20.

[0119] Example 6

[0120] A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, see attached Figure 1On the basis of satisfying the structure of Example 1, a first insulating device 7 and a second insulating device 8 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the control circuit board 3, so that the components on the control circuit board 3 can be isolated and insulated from the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell 2, thereby avoiding internal short circuit of the battery and also protecting and supporting the control circuit board 3.

[0121] In addition, the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane in the battery cell 2 is c % is 8.23%, and the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane is a % is 9.23%, that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H c % / H a %=1.12.

[0122] The filling coefficient of battery cell 2 is 2.65g / Ah.

[0123] The density of the electrolyte is 1.22 g / cm 3 , calculated by mass percentage, includes the following components: 80% solvent, 5.5% additive, and 14.5% LiPF6; the solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl acetate in a mass ratio of 6:2:2:1, and the additive is a mixture of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and lithium difluorophosphate in a mass ratio of 4:1:1.

[0124] The preparation of the above-mentioned battery cell 2 includes the following steps:

[0125] (1) Preparation of the positive electrode sheet 21: PVDF is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a uniform glue solution, and then carbon nanotubes and carbon black SP are dispersed in the above glue solution in turn by ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring, and finally lithium iron phosphate is added and beaten under vacuum conditions, and the material is sieved to obtain a positive electrode slurry with a viscosity of 7756 mPa·s; the lithium iron phosphate, carbon black SP, carbon nanotubes, and PVDF are in a mass ratio of 96.7:1.5:0.5:1.3; the beating refers to homogenizing the slurry at room temperature using a stirring paddle that can move up and down, with a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a time of 0.5 h; the specific surface area of ​​the lithium iron phosphate is 12.4 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.1g / cm 3 The positive electrode binder PVDF manufacturer is SOLVAF, carbon black SP, and carbon nanotube manufacturer is Yiruishi Graphite and Carbon.

[0126] The positive electrode slurry was then applied to both sides of the aluminum foil in turn to obtain a positive electrode coating, which was then placed in an 80°C oven and dried until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reached 60% to 70% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The positive electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the aluminum foil was 2.38 g / cm3 after slicing. 3 The positive electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 60s.

[0127] (2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet 22: Graphite, carbon black SP, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, and styrene-butadiene rubber SBR were mixed in a mass ratio of 96.4:1.5:1.2:0.9, deionized water was added, and the mixture was stirred under vacuum to prepare a negative electrode slurry with a solid content of 55%; the specific surface area of ​​the graphite was 1.74 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.16g / cm 3 The CMC manufacturer is Japan Daicel, and the SBR manufacturer is Japan Aiyulong.

[0128] The negative electrode slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of the copper foil to obtain a negative electrode coating, which was then placed in an 80°C oven and dried until the weight loss of the negative electrode coating reached 60% to 70% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The negative electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the negative electrode coating was 1.6 g / cm 3 The negative electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 60s.

[0129] (3) The positive electrode sheet 21, the separator 23, and the negative electrode sheet 22 are stacked in order and wound to form a bare cell. The bare cell is fixed to the steel shell by spot welding, and after drying, the electrolyte is injected according to the injection coefficient. Then, the battery cell 2 is produced by cap welding, sealing, standing, degassing, chemical formation and aging. The separator is a ceramic-coated PP separator with a thickness of 12 μm.

[0130] The V of the positive electrode membrane of this embodiment S =0.1056cm 3 / g, V of negative electrode membrane s =0.1273cm 3 / g.

[0131] Example 7

[0132] A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, which differs from Example 1 in that "the housing 1 is provided with a socket 11 compatible with the Type C charging interface 33" is replaced by "the upper sealing cover 4 is provided with a socket 41 compatible with the Type C charging interface 33", that is, the Type C charging interface passes through the upper sealing cover 4 and communicates with the outer surface of the battery.

[0133] In addition, the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane in the battery cell 2 is c % is 14.99%, and the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane is a % is 9.23%, that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H c % / H a %=0.62.

[0134] The filling coefficient and electrolyte of the battery cell 2 are the same as those of Example 6.

[0135] The preparation of the above-mentioned battery cell 2 includes the following steps:

[0136] (1) Preparation of the positive electrode sheet 21: PVDF is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a uniform glue solution, and then carbon nanotubes and carbon black SP are dispersed in the above glue solution in turn by ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring, and finally lithium iron phosphate is added and beaten under vacuum conditions, and the material is sieved to obtain a positive electrode slurry with a viscosity of 7648 mPa·s; the lithium iron phosphate, carbon black SP, carbon nanotubes, and PVDF are in a mass ratio of 95.1:1.5:0.5:2.9; the beating refers to homogenizing the slurry at room temperature using a stirring paddle that can move up and down, with a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a time of 0.5 h; the specific surface area of ​​the lithium iron phosphate is 11.3 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.22g / cm 3 The positive electrode binder PVDF manufacturer is SOLVAF, carbon black SP, and carbon nanotube manufacturer is Yiruishi Graphite and Carbon.

[0137] The positive electrode slurry was then applied to both sides of the aluminum foil in turn to obtain a positive electrode coating, which was then placed in an 80°C oven and dried until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reached 80% to 90% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The positive electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the aluminum foil was 2.31 g / cm 3 The positive electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 60s.

[0138] (2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet 22: the same as in Example 6.

[0139] (3) Assembly of battery cell 2: Same as Example 6

[0140] The V of the positive electrode membrane of this embodiment S =0.0880cm 3 / g, V of negative electrode membrane s =0.1273cm 3 / g.

[0141] Example 8

[0142] A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, which differs from Example 7 in that "the housing 1 is provided with a socket 11 compatible with the Type C charging interface 33" is replaced by "the upper sealing cover 4 is provided with a socket 41 compatible with the Type C charging interface 33", that is, the Type C charging interface passes through the upper sealing cover 4 and communicates with the outer surface of the battery.

[0143] In addition, the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane in the battery cell 2 is c % is 11.45%, and the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane is a % is 13.64%, that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H c % / H a %=1.19.

[0144] The filling coefficient of battery cell 2 is 3.17 g / Ah.

[0145] The density and composition of the electrolyte are the same as those in Example 1, which is 1.17 g / cm 3 .

[0146] The preparation of the above-mentioned battery cell 2 includes the following steps:

[0147] (1) Preparation of the positive electrode sheet 21: PVDF is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a uniform glue solution, and then carbon nanotubes and carbon black SP are dispersed in the above glue solution in turn by ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring, and finally lithium iron phosphate is added and beaten under vacuum conditions, and the material is sieved to obtain a positive electrode slurry with a viscosity of 7214 mPa·s; the lithium iron phosphate, carbon black SP, carbon nanotubes, and PVDF are in a mass ratio of 95:1.5:0.5:3; the beating refers to homogenizing the slurry at room temperature using a stirring paddle that can move up and down, with a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a time of 0.5 h; the specific surface area (BET) of the lithium iron phosphate is 11.3 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.22g / cm 3 The positive electrode binder PVDF manufacturer is SOLVAF, carbon black SP, and carbon nanotube manufacturer is Yiruishi Graphite and Carbon.

[0148] The positive electrode slurry was then applied to both sides of the aluminum foil in turn to obtain a positive electrode coating, which was then placed in an 80°C oven and dried until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reached 70% to 80% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The positive electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the aluminum foil was 2.30 g / cm 3 The positive electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 60s.

[0149] (2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet 22: Graphite, carbon black SP, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, and styrene-butadiene rubber SBR were mixed in a mass ratio of 94.7:1.5:1.8:2, deionized water was added, and the mixture was stirred under vacuum to prepare a negative electrode slurry with a solid content of 55%; the specific surface area of ​​the graphite was 1.95 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 1.04g / cm 3 The CMC manufacturer is Japan Daicel, and the SBR manufacturer is Japan Aiyulong.

[0150] The negative electrode slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of the copper foil to obtain a negative electrode coating, which was then placed in an 80°C oven and dried until the weight loss of the negative electrode coating reached 60% to 70% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight. The negative electrode coating was then taken out for cold pressing, and then vacuum dried at 120°C to constant weight. The compacted density of the negative electrode coating was 1.48 g / cm3 after cutting. 3 The negative electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 70s.

[0151] (3) Same as Example 6.

[0152] The V of the positive electrode membrane of this embodiment S =0.1050cm 3 / g, V of negative electrode membrane s =0.1435cm 3 / g.

[0153] Comparative Example 1

[0154] The difference from Example 8 is that the ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane is c % is 15.78%; that is, the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode membrane and the ineffective pore porosity of the polar membrane are H a % / H c %=0.86.

[0155] When preparing the positive electrode sheet, the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry is dried until the weight loss of the positive electrode coating reaches 70% to 80% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight, and then taken out for cold pressing. The compacted density of the obtained positive electrode sheet is 2.42g / cm 3 , V of the positive electrode diaphragm S =0.0680cm 3 / g.

[0156] Preparation of the positive electrode sheet 21: PVDF is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a uniform glue solution, and then carbon nanotubes and carbon black SP are dispersed in the above glue solution in turn by ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring. Finally, lithium iron phosphate is added and the mixture is beaten under vacuum conditions and sieved to obtain a positive electrode slurry with a viscosity of 7960 mPa·s; the lithium iron phosphate, carbon black SP, carbon nanotubes, and PVDF are in a mass ratio of 94.7:1.5:0.5:3.3; the beating refers to homogenizing the slurry at room temperature using a stirring paddle that can move up and down, with a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a time of 0.5 h; the BET specific surface area of ​​the lithium iron phosphate is 13.8 m 2 / g, and the tap density TD is 0.92g / cm 3 The positive electrode binder PVDF manufacturer is SOLVAF, carbon black SP, and carbon nanotube manufacturer is Yiruishi Graphite and Carbon.

[0157] The positive electrode slurry was then applied to both sides of the aluminum foil in turn to obtain a positive electrode coating, which was then placed in a 120°C oven and vacuum dried until constant weight was achieved. The coating was then taken out for cold pressing and cut to obtain a compacted density of 2.42 g / cm 3 The positive electrode piece; the cold pressing temperature is 25°C, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the cold pressing time is 90s.

[0158] The electrical performance of the battery cells prepared in the above examples and comparative examples was tested:

[0159] Test Case 1 Rate Performance

[0160] The rate performance test of the battery cells prepared in the examples and comparative examples was carried out, comprising the following steps:

[0161] (1) Carry out 1C calibration test on the battery cell at room temperature;

[0162] (2) The battery cell was discharged at a constant current of 1C to 2.0V and allowed to stand for 60 minutes. The battery cell was charged at a constant current of 1C, 4C, 8C, and 15C to 3.7V, and then charged at a constant voltage to 0.05C. The constant current charging time and charging capacity were calculated to calculate the constant current ratio; constant current ratio = constant current charging capacity ÷ (constant current charging capacity + constant voltage charging capacity) × 100%.

[0163] The constant current ratio can reflect the characteristics of the battery during the charging and discharging process, especially the efficiency and stability in the constant current stage. A higher constant current ratio usually means that the battery charges or discharges faster in the constant current stage and has better battery performance.

[0164] The charging constant current ratio and total charging capacity of the battery cell are shown in Table 1.

[0165] Test Example 2 Cyclic Stability

[0166] The battery cells prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to a cycle stability test, comprising the following steps:

[0167] (1) Carry out 1C calibration test on the battery cell at room temperature;

[0168] (2) The battery cell is discharged at a constant current of 4C to 2.0V and left to stand for 60min; then charged at a constant current of 4C to 3.7V, and then charged at a constant voltage to 0.05C cut-off, and left to stand for 60min;

[0169] (3) Repeat step (2) to perform a cell cycle test and calculate the capacity retention rate after different cycle times.

[0170] Table 1

[0171]

[0172] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the constant current ratio of the battery cell prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is higher than that of the comparative example, which shows that the positive electrode membrane of the battery cell provided by the present invention meets the requirements of the ineffective pore porosity H. c When the battery capacity is lower than 15%, it has a good charging rate and can achieve fast charging.

[0173] Comparing Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that when the negative electrode membrane remains unchanged, the H c The lower the % is, the higher the constant current ratio of the battery cell is, but the worse the cycle performance is. The comprehensive performance of Example 2 is the best. c The lower the H %, the more lithium ion or electron transmission paths there are, which is more conducive to improving the charge and discharge efficiency. c A low Ha% / Hc% indicates a low binder content, which can easily lead to pores between positive electrode membrane components or between the positive electrode membrane and the current collector, increasing internal resistance and increasing battery polarization with cycling. Example 2's Ha% / Hc% is 1.17, within the preferred range of 1.12 to 1.17, thus achieving both good rate capability and cycling performance.

[0174] Comparing Examples 2, 4, and 5, it can be seen that the composition and density of the electrolyte have an impact on the ineffective pore porosity of the positive and negative electrode membranes. Specifically, the composition and density of the electrolyte affect its wettability to the membranes, resulting in changes in the electrolyte absorption by the positive and negative electrode membranes, and thus changes in the ineffective pore porosity of the positive and negative electrode membranes. The lower the density of the electrolyte, the better the wettability to the membrane, and therefore the greater the electrolyte absorption by the membrane; however, due to the difference in wettability between the positive and negative electrode membranes, the density of the electrolyte has a nonlinear effect on Ha% / Hc%. The test results show that a higher or lower electrolyte density will cause Ha% / Hc% to fall outside the preferred range of 1.12 to 1.17. Therefore, the cycle stability of Examples 4 and 5 is lower than that of Example 2. This is because the drop of Ha% / Hc% outside the preferred range reduces the matching of the lithium ion or electron migration rates of the positive and negative electrodes, leading to battery polarization.

[0175] Examples 1 to 3 control the ineffective pore porosity of the positive electrode sheet by regulating the weight loss rate during the atmospheric pressure drying stage when preparing the positive electrode sheet. When the weight loss rate is 70% to 80% (Example 2), the obtained Ha% / Hc% meets the preferred range, taking into account good rate performance and cycle performance. When the weight loss rate is 50% to 60% (Example 1), due to the large amount of solvent remaining in the positive electrode film layer, the volume expands excessively during subsequent vacuum drying, and the amount of ineffective pores increases; when the weight loss rate is 60% to 70% (Example 3), due to the small amount of solvent remaining in the positive electrode film layer at this time, the fluidity of the component during cold pressing decreases, and the effect of improving the compaction density and eliminating ineffective pores decreases.

[0176] The positive electrode membranes of Example 1 and Example 7 have the same compaction density, but due to the different electrolyte components and densities, the components and preparation processes of the positive electrode membranes are different, which ultimately leads to different invalid pore porosities, thereby affecting their rate performance.

[0177] Test Example 3 High Power Charging Performance

[0178] The charging time test of the batteries prepared in the examples and comparative examples comprises the following steps:

[0179] (1) Before assembling into batteries, discharge the cells at a constant current of 4C to 2.0V, and then assemble into AA batteries;

[0180] (2) The battery was charged at 18W (5V / 3A), 30W (15V / 2A), and 60W (20V / 3A), respectively, and the time required to charge to 80% SOC was recorded. The results are listed in Table 2.

[0181] The battery prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example was subjected to a charging stability test, comprising the following steps:

[0182] (1) Before assembling into batteries, discharge the cells at a constant current of 4C to 2.0V, and then assemble into AA batteries;

[0183] (2) After fully charging the battery at 18W (5V / 3A), let it rest for 60 minutes, then discharge it at a constant current of 1C to 3V and let it rest for 60 minutes. The above is one cycle. For a total of 600 cycles, the charge capacity retention rate is measured as follows: the charge capacity of the first full charge cycle ÷ the charge capacity of the 600th full charge cycle × 100%.

[0184]

[0185] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the battery charging time is positively correlated with the constant current ratio of the battery cell. That is, the greater the constant current ratio of the battery cell, the better the fast charging performance of the battery prepared therefrom. In addition, the battery cell prepared by the present invention has good compatibility with the battery, and the battery capacity retention rate can still be maintained at a high level, indicating that the battery cell prepared by the present invention is suitable for preparing AA or AAA batteries with fast charging performance and is low in cost.

[0186] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery, characterized in that: The battery comprises a housing, a battery cell disposed within the housing, a control circuit board, and an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover for sealing the housing; the battery cell comprises an upper positive terminal and a lower negative terminal; a positive electrode cap is welded to the top of the control circuit board, and a positive electrode connecting piece is welded to the bottom of the control circuit board, the positive electrode connecting piece abutting against the positive terminal; the positive electrode cap passes through the upper sealing cover and, together with the upper sealing cover, seals the control circuit board between the upper sealing cover and the battery cell; a charging interface and a charging protection circuit are provided on the control circuit board, and a socket adapted for the charging interface is provided on the housing or the upper sealing cover; The battery cell is provided with a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator and an electrolyte, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode membrane provided on at least one surface of the positive electrode collector and including lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode membrane provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode collector and including graphite; The ineffective porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % is less than 15%, the ineffective porosity H c % is defined as the ratio of the volume of invalid pores in the positive electrode membrane to the total volume of the positive electrode membrane. The invalid pores refer to the volume of the space in the positive electrode membrane that cannot be infiltrated by the electrolyte except the lithium iron phosphate body; the invalid pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a % is 9~14%, the ineffective pore porosity H a % is defined as the ratio of the volume of ineffective pores in the negative electrode membrane to the total volume of the negative electrode membrane. The ineffective pores refer to the volume of the space in the negative electrode membrane that cannot be wetted by the electrolyte except for the graphite body. The ineffective porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % and the ineffective pore porosity H of the negative electrode membrane a %Satisfy H a % / H c %=1.12~1.17; The density of the electrolyte is 1.1-1.25 g / cm 3 ; The compaction density of the positive electrode sheet 2.25~2.40g / cm 3 ; The compaction density of the negative electrode sheet 1.40~1.60g / cm 3 ; The ineffective pore porosity H c %= ;in, = , The compaction density of the positive electrode; = , ρ c is the true density of lithium iron phosphate, which is 3.6 g / cm 3 ; is the electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the positive electrode membrane, in cm 3 / g; The ineffective porosity H a %= ,in, = , is the compaction density of the negative electrode; = , is the true density of graphite, which is 2.26 g / cm 3 ; is the electrolyte absorption volume per unit mass of the negative electrode membrane, in cm 3 / g.

2. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions: Condition 1: The ineffective pore porosity H of the positive electrode membrane c % satisfies 8%~12%; Condition 2: The electrolyte comprises, by mass percentage, 13% to 15% lithium salt, 5% to 6% additives and 79% to 81% solvent, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluorobenzene and ethyl acetate; the additive comprises at least one of vinylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate and lithium difluorophosphate; and the lithium salt is LiPF6.

3. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions 8 to 14: Condition 8: The positive electrode current collector is aluminum foil; Condition 9: The negative electrode current collector is copper foil; Condition 10: The positive electrode membrane further includes a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode conductor, wherein the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate, positive electrode conductor, and positive electrode binder is 95-97:1.5-2.5:1-3; the positive electrode binder is PVDF, and the positive electrode conductor is at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene; Condition 11: The negative electrode membrane further includes a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode conductor, wherein the mass ratio of graphite, negative electrode conductor, and negative electrode binder is 94.5-96.5:1-2:1-1.8:0.9-2; the negative electrode binder is at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, and polyacrylic acid binder, and the negative electrode conductor is at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene; Condition 12: The electrolyte injection coefficient is 2.6-3.2 g / Ah; Condition 13: The specific surface area of ​​the lithium iron phosphate is 10~15m 2 / g, tap density TD is 0.8~1.5g / cm 3 ; Condition 14: The BET specific surface area of ​​the graphite is 1 to 2.2 m 2 / g, tap density TD is 1~1.3g / cm 3 .

4. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A negative electrode connecting piece is provided between the negative electrode terminal and the lower sealing cover, and one end of the negative electrode connecting piece abuts against the negative electrode terminal, and the other end of the negative electrode connecting piece abuts against the lower sealing cover.

5. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery further satisfies at least one of the following characteristics 1 to 4: Feature 1: The charging protection circuit includes a voltage stabilizing circuit and a charging control circuit; Feature 2: A first insulating device is provided between the upper sealing cover and the control circuit board; Feature 3: A second insulating device is provided between the control circuit board and the battery cell; Feature 4: The charging port is a Lightning port or a Type C port.

6. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the battery core comprises the following steps: (1) Lithium iron phosphate, a positive electrode conductive agent, a positive electrode binder and a solvent 1 are mixed to prepare a positive electrode slurry, the positive electrode slurry is coated on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode sheet is obtained by drying, pressing, cutting and sheeting; (2) Graphite, a negative electrode conductive agent, and a negative electrode binder are mixed, solvent 2 is added, and the mixture is stirred to prepare a negative electrode slurry, the negative electrode slurry is coated on a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode sheet is obtained by drying, pressing, cutting, and sheeting; (3) Stack the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet in order and form a bare cell by winding; (4) The bare battery cell is fixed in the steel shell by spot bottom welding, and the electrolyte is injected after drying. Then, the battery cell is made by cap welding, sealing, standing, degassing, forming and aging.

7. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying and pressing comprises: drying the current collector coated with the positive electrode slurry or the negative electrode slurry until the weight loss is 50% to 90% of the weight loss when dried to constant weight, taking it out for pressing; then continuing to dry it to constant weight and pressing it again.

8. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pressing conditions are as follows: the pressing temperature is lower than 25° C., the pressing pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa, and the pressing time is 60-120 s.

9. A fast-charging AA or AAA lithium-ion battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The solvent 1 is N-methylpyrrolidone NMP, and the solvent 2 is deionized water.

Images