Antenna oscillator, antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna oscillator, an antenna and communication equipment. The antenna oscillator comprises four radiators and four feed structures, and the feed structures are connected with the radiators and used for feeding the radiators. The radiator comprises a first transmission line, a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm and a second transmission line which are connected in sequence, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are respectively connected with the feed structure. The four radiators are respectively a first radiator, a second radiator, a third radiator and a fourth radiator, and the first radiator and the second radiator radiate signals along a first polarization direction; and the third radiator and the fourth radiator radiate signals along the second polarization direction to form a dual-polarization radiator. The feed structure is a one-to-two feed structure, and the two radiators are connected in parallel and are connected with the same feed structure. The scheme can reduce the aperture of the antenna and improve the gain of the antenna. In addition, the radiator has two current distribution modes, and the bandwidth is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna vibrator, an antenna and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, the signals transmitted by the communication system are becoming more and more abundant, so the requirements for base station antennas are becoming more and more complex. The antenna of the base station usually includes an antenna element and a feeding network, and the feeding network is used to feed the antenna element.

[0003] The structure of base station antennas is becoming more and more complex, and the integration of a single antenna is also increasing. In order to improve the integration of base station antennas, the demand for miniaturization of base station antennas is becoming more and more urgent, especially for the size of the antenna aperture. In order to improve the integration of the antenna, the antenna aperture needs to be reduced. However, the reduction of the antenna aperture is likely to lead to the problem of reduced antenna gain. Summary of the invention

[0004] An antenna vibrator, an antenna and a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application have a higher gain, a smaller aperture and a wider bandwidth.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides an antenna element. The antenna element includes four radiators and four feeding structures, the feeding structure is connected to the radiator, and the feeding structure is used to connect to the feeding network, so that the feeding structure is used to feed the radiator. The radiator includes a first transmission line, a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, and a second transmission line connected in sequence, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are respectively connected to the feeding structure. The four wires of the above-mentioned radiator can specifically form a quadrilateral with an opening, and the above-mentioned opening is located between the first transmission line and the second transmission line. The structure of the radiator in this scheme is relatively simple. For the convenience of description, it is considered that the above-mentioned four radiators are the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator, respectively. The first radiator and the second radiator radiate signals along the first polarization direction, and the third radiator and the fourth radiator radiate signals along the second polarization direction to form a dual-polarization antenna element. Specifically, the above-mentioned first polarization direction and the second polarization direction intersect.

[0006] The above-mentioned feeding structure is a one-to-two feeding structure, and specifically, the feeding structure can include a power divider to form the above-mentioned one-to-two feeding structure, and one feeding structure connects the transmission lines respectively connecting the two radiators. For the convenience of description, it is considered that the above-mentioned feeding structure includes a first feeding structure, a second feeding structure, a third feeding structure and a fourth feeding structure. When the connection between the radiator and the feeding structure is specifically implemented, the first transmission line of the first radiator and the first transmission line of the second radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the first feeding structure, the second transmission line of the first radiator and the second transmission line of the second radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the second feeding structure, the first transmission line of the third radiator and the first transmission line of the fourth radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the third feeding structure, and the second transmission line of the third radiator and the second transmission line of the fourth radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the fourth feeding structure. In this scheme, the antenna element is a dual-polarization antenna element, the structure of the feeding structure is relatively simple, and one feeding structure is used to feed the two radiators. It is conducive to further reducing the aperture of the antenna and improving the gain of the antenna. It can be understood that, under the same gain, the antenna has a smaller aperture; under the same aperture, the gain of the antenna in the embodiment provided in the present application is larger.

[0007] In addition, the radiator in the technical solution of the present application is fed from the first transmission line and the second transmission line located at both ends to form an end-fed dipole. In addition to being used to connect the feeding structure and feed the radiator, the first transmission line and the second transmission line also radiate signals as radiating arms. When the antenna operates in different frequency bands, the corresponding working states are different, forming different current distribution forms, so that it can have a wider bandwidth.

[0008] When the antenna element is specifically set, the four radiators can be arranged in a 2*2 matrix structure, the first radiator and the third radiator are arranged in one row, the fourth radiator and the second radiator are arranged in another row. The first radiator and the second radiator are arranged along one diagonal line, and the third radiator and the fourth radiator are arranged along another diagonal line.

[0009] In one possible technical solution, the length of the first transmission line of the first radiator is not equal to the length of the first transmission line of the second radiator, and the length of the first transmission line of the third radiator is not equal to the length of the first transmission line of the fourth radiator. The different lengths of the two parallel transmission lines connected to the same feeding structure can introduce a preset phase into the radiator, and the beam of the radiator is deflected to the side of the longer transmission line to adapt to the beam deflection requirements in harsh reflector environments. This solution can design the length of the radiator's transmission line according to the beam deflection requirements, and the adjustment method is relatively simple, and it can have a better horizontal beam deflection advantage in an asymmetric environment. Compared with a single dipole, the technical solution of the present application has a more significant preset phase effect.

[0010] The first polarization direction and the second polarization direction may be perpendicular to each other. That is, the two polarization directions of the antenna may be perpendicular to each other. For example, the two polarization directions may be +45° and -45°, respectively.

[0011] The shape formed by the four lines of the radiator is not limited. For example, in one possible technical solution, the radiator is rectangular. Specifically, the first transmission line of the radiator is perpendicular to the first radiation arm, the first radiation arm is perpendicular to the second radiation arm, and the second radiation arm is perpendicular to the second transmission line. The radiator in this solution has a simple structure and is conducive to forming a precise radiation direction and polarization direction. The structure of the radiator is relatively regular, which is conducive to reducing the space occupied by the radiator and reducing the aperture of the antenna. In other technical solutions, the radiator can also be in the shape of a rhombus, a trapezoid or an irregular quadrilateral.

[0012] The above-mentioned feeding structure specifically includes a feeder line, which can be connected to a one-to-two power divider, so that one feeder line can connect two transmission lines, and the current directions of the two transmission lines are opposite. The first transmission line of the radiator includes a first connection part and a second connection part connected to each other, the second connection part is connected to the feeder line, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection part is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder line connected thereto. The second transmission line of the radiator includes a third connection part and a fourth connection part connected to each other, the fourth connection part is connected to the feeder line, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection part is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder line connected thereto. In this scheme, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are respectively used as part of the feeding path, so that the transmission line in the feeding path has a thickness variation, impedance matching can be performed, and the bandwidth can be improved. In addition, the transmission line (the second connection part and the fourth connection part) connected to the feeder line is thicker, which can increase the inductance and move the resonance point of the radiator to a high frequency.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection portion may be different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connection portion, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection portion may be different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the third connection portion. Similarly, the first connection portion and the second connection portion of the first transmission line may also be regarded as part of the feed path, and the third connection portion and the fourth connection portion of the second transmission line may also be regarded as part of the feed path, which is equivalent to the transmission line in the feed path having a large number of changes in thickness, which is more abundant and conducive to impedance matching and bandwidth improvement.

[0014] When forming the radiator, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first radiating arm is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the second radiating arm. The different radiating arms of the radiator have different thicknesses, which is also beneficial for impedance matching and improving bandwidth.

[0015] In order to improve the integration of communication equipment, the antenna can be a multi-frequency antenna. In order to reduce the influence of the low-frequency antenna on the high-frequency antenna, it is necessary to make the low-frequency antenna have a high-frequency decoupling effect. The first radiation arm, the second radiation arm, the first transmission line and the second transmission line of the radiator in the technical solution of the present application are respectively connected with branches. When the above-mentioned branches are specifically arranged, the branches of the first radiator and the second radiator are symmetrically arranged about the first polarization direction, and the branches of the third radiator and the fourth radiator are symmetrically arranged about the second polarization direction, so as to facilitate the polarization direction of the radiator to remain stable and accurate. The provision of the above-mentioned branches can reduce the influence of the antenna vibrator of the present antenna on the antenna vibrator of the higher frequency band, which is conducive to the realization of multi-band collaborative work of the antenna and reducing the caliber occupied by the antenna.

[0016] In a specific technical solution, the shape of the above-mentioned branches may include at least one of an L-shaped branch, a cross-shaped branch or a V-shaped branch, and the specific design is based on the needs.

[0017] Alternatively, additional branches may be provided inside the radiator, and the additional branches are not directly connected to the radiator. When the additional branches are specifically provided, the additional branches of the first radiator and the second radiator are symmetrical about the first direction, and the additional branches of the third radiator and the fourth radiator are symmetrical about the second direction. This arrangement scheme facilitates keeping the polarization direction of the radiator stable and accurate. The provision of the additional branches can also reduce the influence of the antenna element on the antenna element of a higher frequency band, which is conducive to realizing the multi-band collaborative operation of the antenna and reducing the aperture occupied by the antenna.

[0018] The additional branch may be symmetrical in shape, or in other words, the additional branch is a symmetrical branch, so that the polarization direction of the antenna element is relatively stable and accurate.

[0019] When the antenna element is specifically formed, the feed structure and the antenna element can be formed on the same dielectric plate. When it is specifically implemented, two radiators in one polarization direction can be located on one layer of the dielectric plate, and two radiators in another polarization direction can be located on another layer of the dielectric plate. This solution is conducive to reducing the size of the antenna and improving the integration of the antenna.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an antenna, which includes a feed network and a plurality of antenna elements provided in the first aspect, wherein the feed structure of the antenna element is connected to the feed network. The antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, and has a large gain, a small aperture, and a wide bandwidth.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a communication device, which includes the antenna provided in the first aspect, and also includes a mounting frame and a radio frequency device. The antenna is mounted on the mounting frame, and the feeding structure of the antenna is electrically connected to the radio frequency device. The antenna in this solution has a large gain, a small aperture, and a wide bandwidth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system architecture applicable to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the composition of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna vibrator in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of current flow between a first radiator and a second radiator of an antenna element in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 Another schematic diagram of current flow between the first radiator and the second radiator of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 Another schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna element of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 Another schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig. 9 A feeding schematic diagram of an antenna vibrator in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.10 Another feeding schematic diagram of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 1-antenna; 11-radome;

[0034] 12-antenna vibrator; 121-radiator;

[0035] 1211-first transmission line; 12111-first connecting portion;

[0036] 12112-second connecting portion; 1212-first radiating arm;

[0037] 1213 - second radiation arm; 1214 - second transmission line;

[0038] 12141-third connecting portion; 12142-fourth connecting portion;

[0039] 122- branches; 123- additional branches;

[0040] 13-feeding network; 131-feeding structure;

[0041] 1311-feeder; 14-medium board;

[0042] 141-conductive via; 15-balun;

[0043] 2-Mounting bracket; 3-Antenna adjustment bracket;

[0044] 4- RF processing unit; 5- baseband processing unit;

[0045] 6-cable line; X-first polarization direction;

[0046] Y-second polarization direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the antenna element, antenna, and communication system provided in the embodiments of the present application, their application scenarios are introduced below. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application is shown as an example. Figure 1As shown, the communication system can be a base station antenna feed system. The application scenario may include a base station and a terminal. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BSS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (evolved universal terrestrial radio access network, E-UTRAN), and is used to provide cell coverage for wireless signals to achieve communication between terminal equipment and a wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) or a (code division multiple access, CDMA) system, or a node B (NodeB, NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolutionary node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station may also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a g-node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new wireless (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0048] Figure 2 A possible structural diagram of a base station in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The base station generally includes an antenna 1, a mounting bracket 2, an antenna adjustment bracket 3 and other structures. The antenna 1 can be mounted on the mounting bracket 2 through the antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate the reception or transmission of the antenna 1 signal. Of course, Figure 2 The embodiment shown is only an optional implementation. In specific implementation, the antenna and base station in the embodiment of the present application may be different from the antenna and base station in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 The embodiments shown are different and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0049] The antenna 1 of the base station may also include an antenna cover 11. The antenna cover 11 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the influence of external harsh environment in terms of mechanical performance, so as to protect the antenna 1 from the influence of the external environment. The antenna 1 can be installed on the pole 2 or the tower through the antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate the reception or transmission of the antenna 1 signal.

[0050] In addition, the base station may also include a radio frequency processing unit 4 and a baseband processing unit 5. For example, the radio frequency processing unit 4 may be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 1, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 5, or the radio frequency processing unit 4 may be used to convert the baseband processing unit 5 or the intermediate frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna 1 after up-conversion and amplification processing and send it out. The baseband processing unit 5 may be connected to the feeding network 13 of the antenna 1 through the radio frequency processing unit 4. In some embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 4 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), or may also be a radio frequency module in an active antenna unit (AAU), and the baseband processing unit 5 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0051] In a possible embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the RF processing unit 4 can be integrally provided with the antenna 1, and the baseband processing unit 5 is located at the far end of the antenna 1. In some other embodiments, the RF processing unit 4 and the baseband processing unit 5 can also be located at the far end of the antenna 1 at the same time. The RF processing unit 4 and the baseband processing unit 5 can be connected via a cable 6.

[0052] Figure 3 A possible schematic diagram of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the antenna 1 includes a plurality of antenna elements 12 and a feeding network 13. The antenna elements 12 may also be referred to as radiation units, elements, etc., which can effectively send or receive antenna signals. In the antenna 1, the frequencies of different antenna elements 12 may be the same or different. The antenna elements 12 are connected to the feeding network 13, and the feeding network 13 is used to feed the antenna elements 12. Specifically, the feeding network 13 is usually composed of a controlled impedance transmission line, and the feeding network 13 can feed the signal to the antenna element 12 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or send the signal received by the antenna element 12 to the baseband processing unit 5 of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase. Specifically, in some embodiments, the feeding network 13 can be used to realize different radiation beam directions, or be connected to a calibration network to obtain the calibration signal required by the system. Some modules for expanding performance may also be provided in the feed network 13, such as a combiner, which can be used to combine signals of different frequencies into one channel and transmit them through the antenna element 12; or when used in reverse, it can be used to divide the signal received by the antenna element 12 into multiple channels according to different frequencies and transmit them to the baseband processing unit for processing, and another example is a filter, which is used to filter out interference signals. In a specific embodiment, multiple antenna elements 12 can form an antenna element array and work in the form of an array.

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna vibrator in an embodiment of the present application. The antenna in the embodiment of the present application includes multiple Figure 4 The antenna element 12 shown in the figure includes four radiators 121 and four feeding structures 131. The radiator 121 includes a first transmission line 1211, a first radiation arm 1212, a second radiation arm 1213 and a second transmission line 1214 connected in sequence. The first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 are respectively connected to the feeding network 13 to feed the first radiation arm 1212 and the second radiation arm 1213. In a specific embodiment, the first transmission line 1211, the first radiation arm 1212, the second radiation arm 1213 and the second transmission line 1214 can be an integrally formed linear structure.

[0054] The description of the radiator in the specific embodiments of the present application may be that each radiator of the antenna vibrator satisfies the description, or at least one radiator of the antenna vibrator satisfies the description. The structures of different radiators of the antenna vibrator may be the same, similar or different. For example, each radiator 121 may include a first transmission line 1211, a first radiation arm 1212, a second radiation arm 1213 and a second transmission line 1214 connected in sequence. The first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 are respectively connected to the feeding network 13 to feed the first radiation arm 1212 and the second radiation arm 1213. Similarly, the description of the feeding structure in the specific embodiments of the present application may be that each feeding structure of the antenna vibrator satisfies the description, or at least one feeding structure of the antenna vibrator may satisfy the description.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna element 12 in the embodiment of the present application includes four radiators 121. For the convenience of description, the four radiators 121 are considered to be the first radiator 121 (a), the second radiator 121 (b), the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d). The first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) radiate signals along the first polarization direction. The third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) radiate signals along the second polarization direction to form a dual-polarization antenna element 12. The first polarization direction X and the second polarization direction Y intersect.

[0056] Please continue to refer to Figure 4The feeding structure 131 of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is connected to the feeding network 13 and to the radiator 121, and is used to feed the radiator 121. For one antenna element 12, the corresponding feeding structure 131 includes a first feeding structure 131 (o), a second feeding structure 131 (p), a third feeding structure 131 (q) and a fourth feeding structure 131 (r). The feeding structure 131 includes a power divider, so that the feeding structure 131 is a one-to-two feeding structure, and one feeding structure 131 can connect two radiators 121. The currents of the two transmission lines connected to the same one-to-two feeding node structure are parallel and in phase. Specifically, the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are connected in parallel and connected to the first feeding structure 131(o), and the current directions of the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are opposite; the second transmission line 1214(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second transmission line 1214(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are connected in parallel and connected to the second feeding structure 131(p), and the current directions of the second transmission line 1214(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second transmission line 1214(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are opposite. On the contrary; the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are connected in parallel and connected to the third feeding structure 131(q), and the current directions of the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are opposite; the second transmission line 1214(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the second transmission line 1214(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are connected in parallel and connected to the fourth feeding structure 131(r), and the current directions of the second transmission line 1214(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the second transmission line 1214(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are opposite. In this solution, the structure of the feeding structure 131 is relatively simple, which is conducive to further reducing the aperture of the antenna and improving the gain of the antenna. It can be understood that, under the same gain, the antenna in the embodiment provided by the present application has a smaller aperture; under the same aperture, the antenna in the embodiment provided by the present application has a larger gain.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified, the "connection" in the embodiments of the present application may refer to a direct physical connection relationship, where the two parties are in contact with each other; or it may refer to a connection through coupling, where there is no contact between the two parties.

[0058] The radiator 121 in the embodiment of the present application is fed by the first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 located at both ends to form an end-fed dipole. In addition to being used to connect the feeding structure 131 and feed the radiator 121, the first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 also serve as a radiating arm to radiate signals. When the antenna operates in different frequency bands, the corresponding working states are different. For example, Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of current flow in the first radiator and the second radiator of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the dotted line in the figure indicates the direction of current flow. Figure 5 As shown, when working in the first working frequency band, the antenna works in the first working state. In the first working state, the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) are used to realize signal radiation in one polarization direction of the antenna element 12. For the first radiator 121 (a), the current direction of the first transmission line 1211 (a) is opposite to the current direction of the first radiation arm 1212 (a), and a current zero point is formed at the intersection of the first transmission line 1211 (a) and the first radiation arm 1212 (a); the current direction of the first radiation arm 1212 (a) is the same as the current direction of the second radiation arm 1213 (a); the current direction of the second transmission line 1214 (a) is opposite to the current direction of the second radiation arm 1213 (a), and a current zero point is formed at the intersection of the second transmission line 1214 (a) and the second radiation arm 1213 (a); the current direction of the first transmission line 1211 (a) is the same as the current direction of the second transmission line 1214 (a). The first radiation arm 1212(a) and the second radiation arm 1213(a) of the first radiator 121(a) work together to form a one-element array, and the first transmission line 1211(a) and the second transmission line 1214(a) work together to form a one-element array. Similarly, the first radiation arm 1212(b) and the second radiation arm 1213(b) of the second radiator 121(b) work together to form a one-element array, and the first transmission line 1211(a) and the second transmission line 1214(a) work together to form a one-element array, and one polarization direction of the antenna element 12 forms a four-element array. The corresponding third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) can also form a four-element array, that is, the other polarization direction of the antenna element 12 can also form a four-element array. The antenna in this scheme can obtain better gain with a smaller aperture.

[0059] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is another schematic diagram of current flow between the first radiator and the second radiator of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 6As shown, when the antenna is operating in the second operating frequency band, the antenna operates in the second operating state. In the second operating state, the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) are used to realize signal radiation in one polarization direction of the antenna element 12, and the current directions generated by the first transmission line 1211, the first radiation arm 1212, the second radiation arm 1213 and the second transmission line 1214 are the same. Therefore, the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) respectively form a circular current, and the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) also respectively form a circular current.

[0060] In the technical solution of the present application, the antenna can work in different working frequency bands, which can improve the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the first working frequency band may be higher than the second working frequency band. For example, the first working frequency band may be 700MHz to 900MHz; the second working frequency band may be 600MHz to 700MHz. Then the bandwidth of the antenna may be 600MHz to 900MHz, which is a wider bandwidth.

[0062] In the technical solution of the present application, the first transmission line 1211, the first radiation arm 1212, the second radiation arm 1213 and the second transmission line 1214 connected in sequence by the radiator 121 are surrounded by a quadrilateral. In a specific embodiment, the adjacent lines of the first transmission line 1211, the first radiation arm 1212, the second radiation arm 1213 and the second transmission line 1214 are perpendicular. Specifically, the first transmission line 1211 is perpendicular to the first radiation arm 1212, the first radiation arm 1212 is perpendicular to the second radiation arm 1213, and the second radiation arm 1213 is perpendicular to the second transmission line 1214, so that the radiator 121 is roughly rectangular or square. In specific implementation, the transition between two adjacent lines can be an arc transition instead of an absolute right-angle transition. In other embodiments, the first transmission line 1211, the first radiation arm 1212, the second radiation arm 1213 and the second transmission line 1214 are surrounded by a rhombus or other shapes.

[0063] Please continue to refer to Figure 4In a specific embodiment, the first polarization direction X and the second polarization direction Y are perpendicular. Specifically, the first polarization direction X can be 45°, and the second polarization direction Y can be -45°. In this embodiment, the four radiators 121 can be arranged in an array, the first radiator 121 (a) and the third radiator 121 (c) are arranged in a row, the fourth radiator 121 (d) and the second radiator 121 (b) are arranged in another row, the first radiator 121 (a) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) are arranged in a column, and the third radiator 121 (c) and the second radiator 121 (b) are arranged in another column. Furthermore, the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) are arranged diagonally, and the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) are arranged in another diagonal.

[0064] Please continue to refer to Figures 4 to 6 When the above embodiment is specifically implemented, the feeding structure 131 may include a feeding line 1311, each feeding line connecting the transmission lines of two radiators 121, so as to realize the one-to-two split of the feeding structure 131, and connect the radiators 121 connected to the same feeding line 1311 in parallel. The first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 are respectively connected to the feeding line 1311, the first transmission line 1211 includes a first connection portion 12111 and a second connection portion 12112 connected to each other, the second connection portion 12112 is connected to the feeding line 1311, and the first connection portion 12111 is connected to the first radiation arm 1212. Similarly, the second transmission line 1214 includes a third connection portion 12141 and a fourth connection portion 12142 connected to each other, the fourth connection portion 12142 is connected to the feeding line 1311, and the third connection portion 12141 is connected to the second radiation arm 1213.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the feed line 1311 may be a coaxial inner and outer conductor structure. The feed line 1311 may be connected between two radiators 121, or in other words, the two radiators 121 connected to the same feed line 1311 are symmetrically arranged about the connection point between the feed line 1311 and the radiator 121, so that the antenna element 12 forms a center-fed dipole.

[0066] Please continue to refer to Figures 4 to 6In one implementation, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection portion 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder 1311. Specifically, the second connection portion 12112 can be thicker and the feeder 1311 can be thinner; or, the second connection portion 12112 can be thicker and the feeder 1311 can be thinner. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the second connection portion 12112 and the feeder 1311 is the same, and the width of the second connection portion 12112 can be different from the width of the feeder 1311. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection portion 12142 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder 1311. Specifically, the fourth connection portion 12142 can be thicker and the feeder 1311 can be thinner, or, the fourth connection portion 12142 can be thinner and the feeder 1311 can be thicker. In a specific embodiment, the fourth connection portion 12142 has the same thickness as the feed line 1311, and the width of the fourth connection portion 12142 can also be connected to be different from the width of the feed line 1311. In this solution, the transmission line in the feed path has a thickness variation, which can be used for impedance matching and improve bandwidth. In addition, the transmission line (the second connection portion and the fourth connection portion) connected to the feed line 1311 is thicker, which can increase the inductance and move the resonance point of the radiator 121 to a high frequency.

[0067] In addition, in another possible implementation, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection part 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connection part 12111. Specifically, the second connection part 12112 can be thicker and the first connection part 12111 can be thinner; or, the second connection part 12112 can be thinner and the first connection part 12111 can be thicker. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the second connection part 12112 is the same as that of the first connection part 12111, and the width of the second connection part 12112 can be different from that of the first connection part 12111. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection part 12142 is different from that of the third connection part 12141. Specifically, the fourth connection part 12142 can be thicker and the third connection part 12141 can be thinner; or, the fourth connection part 12142 can be thinner and the third connection part 12141 can be thicker. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the fourth connection portion 12142 is the same as that of the third connection portion 12141, and the width of the fourth connection portion 12142 can be different from that of the third connection portion 12141. Similarly, the first connection portion 12111 and the second connection portion 12112 of the first transmission line 1211 can also be regarded as part of the feeding path, and the third connection portion 12141 and the fourth connection portion 12142 of the second transmission line 1214 can also be regarded as part of the feeding path, which is equivalent to the transmission line in the feeding path having a thickness change, which can perform impedance matching and improve bandwidth.

[0068] In a possible implementation, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection portion 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed line 1311, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection portion 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connection portion 12111. For example, the second connection portion 12112 can be made thicker on both sides. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection portion 12142 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed line 1311, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection portion 12142 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the third connection portion 12141. For example, the fourth connection portion 12142 can be made thicker on both sides. In this solution, the thickness of the transmission line in the feed path varies more, which is conducive to improving the impedance matching effect and improving the bandwidth.

[0069] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 In a specific embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first radiation arm 1212 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the second radiation arm 1213. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the second radiating arm 1213 is thicker than the first radiating arm 1212. In this solution, different radiating arms of the radiator vary in thickness, which is also beneficial for impedance matching and bandwidth improvement.

[0070] Figure 7 FIG. 1 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna vibrator of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, in a possible embodiment, the antenna vibrator 12 may also be provided with a branch 122, specifically, the first radiating arm 1212, the second radiating arm 1213, the first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 may be connected with the branch 122 respectively. The effect of high-frequency decoupling can be achieved, especially when the antenna includes antenna vibrators 12 of multiple frequency bands, the above-mentioned branch 122 is provided at the same time, which can reduce the influence of the antenna vibrator on the antenna vibrator of the higher frequency band, which is conducive to the multi-band collaborative work of the antenna and reduces the caliber occupied by the antenna. The branches 122 of the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) are arranged symmetrically about the first direction X, and the branches 122 of the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) are arranged symmetrically about the second direction Y. Thereby, the influence of the branches on the direction of the radiated signal of the antenna vibrator 12 can be reduced.

[0071] In a specific implementation, the branch 122 may be an L-shaped branch, a cross-shaped branch or a V-shaped branch, and the present application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0072] In addition, please continue to refer to Figure 7, an additional branch 123 may also be provided in the radiator 121, and the additional branch 123 is only located inside the radiator 121, and is not electrically connected to any radiating arm or transmission line. The additional branches 123 of the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) are symmetrical about the first direction X, and the additional branches 123 of the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) are symmetrical about the second direction Y. Similarly, this scheme can achieve the effect of high-frequency decoupling, especially when the antenna includes antenna elements 12 of multiple frequency bands, the above-mentioned branches 122 are provided at the same time, which can reduce the influence of the antenna element 12 on the antenna element 12 of the higher frequency band, which is conducive to realizing the multi-band collaborative operation of the antenna and reducing the aperture occupied by the antenna.

[0073] The additional branches mentioned above may be symmetrical branches, so that the polarization direction of the antenna element is more stable and accurate.

[0074] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna vibrator in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, in another possible embodiment, the length of the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) is not equal to the length of the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b), and the length of the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) is not equal to the length of the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d). In this embodiment, the lengths of the two parallel transmission lines connected to the same feeding network are different, so that the radiator 121 can introduce a preset phase, and the beam of the radiator is deflected to the side of the longer transmission line to adapt to the beam deflection requirements in a harsh reflector environment. Compared with a single dipole, the radiator of the present application has a more significant preset phase effect. This solution can design the length of the transmission line of the radiator 121 according to the beam deflection requirements, and the adjustment method is relatively simple, which can have a better beam horizontal deflection advantage in an asymmetric environment.

[0075] In a further embodiment, the length of the second transmission line 1214(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the length of the second transmission line 1214(b) of the second radiator 121(b) may be unequal, and the length of the second transmission line 1214(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the length of the second transmission line 1214(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) may also be unequal.

[0076] like Figure 8In the embodiment shown, the first radiation arm 1212(a) of the first radiator 121(a), the second radiation arm 1213(b) of the second radiator 121(b), the first radiation arm 1212(c) of the third radiator 121(c), and the second radiation arm 1213(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are parallel, the first radiation arm 1212(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiation arm 1213(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are of different lengths, and the first radiation arm 1212(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the second radiation arm 1213(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are of different lengths. In this solution, each radiator 121 is close to a rectangle.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, there is a first length difference between the length of the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the length of the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b), and there is a second length difference between the length of the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the length of the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d). The first length difference and the second length difference may be equal, so that the structure of the entire antenna element 12 is more regular, which is beneficial to reduce the space occupied by the antenna element 12 and reduce the caliber occupied by the antenna. In addition, the radiation signals of the antenna in the two polarization directions can be made the same or close.

[0078] In the present application, the first length difference and the second length difference can be designed and selected according to the actual beam deflection requirements. In a specific embodiment, the first length difference can be 7 mm, and the second length difference can also be 7 mm.

[0079] When the above antenna is specifically prepared, the above feeding structure 131 and the antenna element 12 can be formed on the same dielectric plate 14. Specifically, the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) can be arranged on the same layer of the dielectric plate 14, such as the first layer, and the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) can be arranged on another layer of the dielectric plate 14, such as the second layer. For example, the first radiator 121 (a) and the second radiator 121 (b) can be arranged on one side surface of the dielectric plate 14, and the third radiator 121 (c) and the fourth radiator 121 (d) can be arranged on the other side surface of the dielectric plate 14. The antenna element 12 in this solution is formed into a planar structure and is relatively easy to manufacture. In addition, in this solution, the radiators 121 in the two polarization directions are staggered in height, specifically located in different layers of the dielectric plate 14, so that the radiators 121 in the two polarization directions are insulated from each other to achieve dual polarization. In addition, the radiators 121 in different polarization directions are close to each other and can form coupling, which is conducive to realizing the broadband characteristics of the antenna element 12.

[0080] When the feeding structure 131 is specifically formed, the entire feeding structure 131 and the radiator 121 of one polarization direction may be located in the same layer, and the radiator 121 of another polarization direction is connected to the feeding structure 131 through the conductive via 141. For example, Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the feeding structure 131, the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) are disposed on the first layer of the dielectric plate 14, and the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are disposed on the second layer of the dielectric plate 14, and the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are connected to the feeding structure 131 through the conductive via 141. In other embodiments, radiators and feeding structures on different layers may also be connected by coupling.

[0081] The antenna in the embodiment of the present application can support different types of feeding methods, and can be directly coaxially fed or fed through a balun, which can be designed and selected according to specific needs. When the antenna is fed through a balun, the balun can be a straight balun or a cross balun. Fig. 9 This is a feeding schematic diagram of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.10 This is another feeding schematic diagram of the antenna element in the embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a feeding method of a single-word balun 15. Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of a straight balun as a feeding structure. Fig.10 The schematic diagram of the slanted balun as a feeding structure. In the same antenna, both straight balun and slanted balun can be included. Through the flexible configuration of straight balun and slanted balun, the array spacing can be effectively increased in a compact space.

[0082] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna vibrator, characterized in that: It comprises four radiators and four feeding structures, wherein the feeding structures are connected to the radiators and are used to feed the radiators; The radiator comprises a first transmission line, a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm and a second transmission line connected in sequence, and the first transmission line and the second transmission line are respectively connected to the feeding circuit; The four radiators are respectively a first radiator, a second radiator, a third radiator and a fourth radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator radiate signals along a first polarization direction; the third radiator and the fourth radiator radiate signals along a second polarization direction; the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction intersect; The feeding structure is a one-to-two feeding structure, and the feeding structure includes a first feeding structure, a second feeding structure, a third feeding structure and a fourth feeding structure. The first transmission line of the first radiator and the first transmission line of the second radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the first feeding structure, the second transmission line of the first radiator and the second transmission line of the second radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the second feeding structure, the first transmission line of the third radiator and the first transmission line of the fourth radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the third feeding structure, and the second transmission line of the third radiator and the second transmission line of the fourth radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the fourth feeding structure.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the first transmission line of the first radiator is different from the length of the first transmission line of the second radiator, and the length of the first transmission line of the third radiator is different from the length of the first transmission line of the fourth radiator.

3. The antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.

4. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first transmission line of the radiator is perpendicular to the first radiation arm, the first radiation arm is perpendicular to the second radiation arm, and the second radiation arm is perpendicular to the second transmission line.

5. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The feeding structure includes a feeder line, the first transmission line includes a first connection portion and a second connection portion connected to each other, the second connection portion is connected to the feeder line, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection portion is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder line; the second transmission line includes a third connection portion and a fourth connection portion connected to each other, the fourth connection portion is connected to the feeder line, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection portion is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder line.

6. The antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection portion is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connection portion, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection portion is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the third connection portion.

7. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A cross-sectional area of ​​the first radiating arm is different from a cross-sectional area of ​​the second radiating arm.

8. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first radiation arm, the second radiation arm, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line of the radiator are respectively connected with branches.

9. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that: The branches include at least one of L-shaped branches, cross-shaped branches or V-shaped branches.

10. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Additional branches are arranged inside the radiator, the additional branches of the first radiator and the second radiator are symmetrical about the first direction, and the additional branches of the third radiator and the fourth radiator are symmetrical about the second direction.

11. The antenna element according to claim 10, characterized in that: The additional branches are symmetrical branches.

12. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The feeding structure and the antenna element are formed on the same dielectric plate.

13. An antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a feeding network and a plurality of antenna elements according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the feeding structure is connected to the feeding network.

14. A communication device, characterized in that: The antenna as claimed in claim 13 further comprises a mounting bracket and a radio frequency device, wherein the antenna is mounted on the mounting bracket, and the feeding network of the antenna is electrically connected to the radio frequency device.

Images