Hilly mountainous region same plot two seasons potato planting method

Abstract

The application discloses a hilly and mountainous area one-year two-season potato planting method, which comprises spring potato planting, and the spring potato planting comprises planting site preparation in spring, spring seed potato selection, spring seed potato disinfection, spring seed potato sowing, spring seed potato growth period management and spring potato harvesting; after the spring potato harvesting is completed, the spring potato planting site is left fallow for 30-50 days, and then autumn potato planting is carried out in the same site; the autumn potato planting comprises planting site preparation in autumn, autumn seed potato selection, autumn seed potato disinfection, autumn seed potato sowing, autumn seed potato growth period management and autumn potato harvesting; the application can effectively improve the planting yield and product quality of autumn potato, and solves the technical problem that spring potato and autumn potato can be planted in the same site in one year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of large-scale agricultural technology, specifically relating to a method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] Potatoes are one of the world's most important crops and China's fourth largest food crop. They are a vital economic source for the hilly and mountainous regions of Southwest China, providing a year-round supply of fresh potatoes for the entire country and even Southeast Asia. Potatoes can also be processed into high-value-added products such as starch, potato chips, and French fries. Potato cultivation is widespread, with Yunnan being one of my country's major potato-growing regions. Located in a subtropical climate zone with mild temperatures and abundant sunshine, Yunnan is suitable for double-cropping potatoes. Generally, spring-planted potatoes in Yunnan are harvested around June, and autumn-planted potatoes around December. However, in current potato cultivation practices, to achieve high and stable yields, autumn potatoes are not planted in the same plots after spring planting. Instead, other crops are planted in the autumn to rotate the spring potato fields. Then, other non-continuous planting areas are found for autumn potato cultivation. This rotational planting pattern for spring and autumn potatoes results in some land being left idle, leading to a waste of planting land. This has hindered the sustainable development of large-scale potato cultivation to some extent and is detrimental to the research and advancement of current large-scale potato cultivation technologies. Therefore, it is objectively necessary to develop a cultivation method for potatoes in hilly and mountainous areas that is technologically advanced, has low planting costs, and can achieve high and stable yields for two harvests a year on the same plot of land. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for planting potatoes in the same plot of land in hilly and mountainous areas with advanced planting technology, low planting cost, and high and stable yield, which can achieve two crops a year.

[0004] The present invention describes a method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot of land in hilly and mountainous areas, including spring potato planting. The spring potato planting includes the following steps: ① spring land preparation, ② spring seed potato selection, ③ spring seed potato disinfection, ④ spring seed potato sowing, ⑤ spring seed potato growth management, and ⑥ spring potato harvesting. Its key feature is that it includes spring potato planting, which comprises the following steps: ① spring land preparation, ② spring seed potato selection, ③ spring seed potato disinfection, ④ spring seed potato sowing, ⑤ spring seed potato growth management, and ⑥ spring potato harvesting. The key features are as follows: ⑥ After the spring potato harvest, autumn potato planting is carried out on the same plot. The autumn potato planting includes the following steps: ⑦ autumn planting site preparation, ⑧ autumn seed potato selection, ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection, ⑩ autumn seed potato sowing, ⑪ autumn seed potato growth management, and ⑫ autumn potato harvesting. ⑦ Autumn planting site preparation involves allowing the spring potato planting site to fallow for 30-50 days after the spring potato harvest, followed by deep plowing, disinfection, and leveling of the autumn potato planting site on the same plot. ⑧ Autumn seed potato selection requires choosing varieties with good disease resistance.

[0005] Furthermore, the ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection involves using a seed dressing agent to disinfect the autumn seed potatoes. The seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 450-500g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 900-1000g of 3% kasugamycin wettable powder, 550-700g of 70% propineb wettable powder, and 100-150kg of talc powder. The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potatoes is 1:80-100.

[0006] Furthermore, after planting seed potatoes in autumn, the following mixture should be applied: 1% abamectin GR 2-3 kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3-4 kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3-4 kg / mu + 10% thiazophos GR 1-2 kg / mu, and then sown together with the base fertilizer.

[0007] Furthermore, ⑪ Autumn potato growing season management involves irrigating the autumn seed potatoes five times every 10-20 days using drip irrigation under mulch film after the seed potatoes have emerged, with each irrigation providing 15-20 ml of water. 3The irrigation method for autumn seed potatoes, applied in five times per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), is as follows: For the first irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer containing medium-quantity elements (MEFs) and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid. The MEFs should be existing technology-based water-soluble fertilizers containing calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and other MEFs, at a dosage of 300-400 mL / mu. The mineral-derived potassium humate should be applied at a dosage of 900-1000 mL / mu. For the second irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (NPK) at a ratio of 20-22:20-22:20-22, at a dosage of 5-6 kg / mu. For the third irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (NPK) at a ratio of 13-15:7-9:40-45. For the first irrigation, apply 3-4 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients. For the fourth irrigation, apply another 3-4 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20-22:20-22:20-22. For the fifth irrigation, apply another 5-6 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 13-15:7-9:40-45. Preferably, five days before the first irrigation, spray the leaves with a mixture of 100 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 120 g of 80% mancozeb M-45 wettable powder diluted in 40-50 kg of water. Two days after the first irrigation, apply ammonia... For foliar application, use an amino acid foliar fertilizer at a rate of 60 mL / mu + 80 mL / mu of zinc fertilizer + 30 mL / mu of 0.004% brassinolide, diluted in 30-40 kg of water, and apply manually using a backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to apply a solution of 2000 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400 mL / mu of zinc fertilizer + 500 mL / mu of 0.004% brassinolide, diluted in 100-150 kg of water, at a rate of 1500-1600 mL / mu. On the 5th day after the first irrigation, apply a solution of 120 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 20 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil Fertilizer, diluted in 40-50 kg of water, and apply manually using a backpack sprayer. For foliar spraying, or using a plant protection drone, apply a solution of 4000g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 300mL of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil + 1000mL of adjuvant in 200-250kg of water, at a concentration of 1500-1600mL / acre. On the 5th day after the second irrigation, apply a solution of 25mL / acre of 500g / L fluazinam + 120g / acre of 70% propineb + ​​100mL / acre of 687.5g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil in 30-40kg of water using a backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to apply a solution of 600mL / acre of 500g / L fluazinam + 2000g / acre of 70% propineb + ​​687.5g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil.5g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil 1500mL diluted in 100-150kg of water, sprayed on stems and leaves at a rate of 1500-1600mL / mu; 10-15 days after the third irrigation, spray the leaves with 120g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 50g of 10% Zanthoxychloride Green dispersible oil diluted in 40-50kg of water using a backpack sprayer. Ten days after the fourth irrigation, apply a foliar spray using a backpack sprayer, mixing 120g of 70% propineb + ​​30mL of 0.004% brassinolide in 40-50kg of water. Five days after the fifth irrigation, apply a foliar spray using a backpack sprayer, mixing 687.5g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil in 40-50kg of water, or use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with 3000mL of 687.5g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 4000g of 80% mancozeb M-45 wettable powder mixed with 200-250kg of water at a concentration of 1500-1600mL per acre.

[0008] Furthermore, the seed potatoes selected for autumn can be Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing seed potatoes purchased from late April to early May and stored slowly under diffused light in a normal temperature warehouse.

[0009] Furthermore, the third step of spring seed potato disinfection involves using a biological agent for seed dressing disinfection. The biological agent mainly consists of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus macrocephala, and Trichoderma harzianum. The mass ratio of the biological agent to the spring seed potato is 1:80-100.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention breaks with the traditional two-season rotation technique for potato cultivation. Utilizing advanced autumn potato planting technology, it achieves continuous planting of spring and autumn potatoes on the same plot. The advanced technology employed in this invention, through fallowing of the spring planting area and the use of reasonable land preparation methods, can kill residual pathogens and pests in the spring planting area, providing a healthy and favorable planting environment for autumn potatoes. By selecting disease-resistant varieties and disinfecting autumn seed potatoes, the disease rate of autumn seed potatoes can be reduced, improving their disease resistance and thus increasing their emergence rate. A higher emergence rate is fundamental to achieving high yields of autumn seed potatoes. Through strict management of the seed potato growth period, not only can sufficient nutrients be provided for the autumn seed potato growth period, but the occurrence of diseases and pests can also be effectively reduced, which is conducive to improving the yield and quality of autumn potatoes. In summary, the application of this technology in the same plot of land where spring potatoes are planted can effectively increase the yield of autumn potatoes. The yield of autumn-planted potatoes is comparable to that of spring-planted potatoes, reaching over 3800 kg per mu. Furthermore, autumn-planted potatoes are free from pests and diseases, resulting in better quality potatoes. This technology solves the technical challenge of planting both spring and autumn potatoes in the same plot in one year, avoiding the idleness that occurs during spring potato rotation. It effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous cropping in the same plot and enables high and stable yields for two potato seasons in the same plot, bringing good economic benefits to growers and making it easy to promote and use. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any modifications or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0012] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot of land in hilly and mountainous areas as described in Example 1 includes spring potato planting. The spring potato planting includes the following steps: ① spring land preparation, ② spring seed potato selection, ③ spring seed potato disinfection, ④ spring seed potato sowing, ⑤ spring seed potato growth management, and ⑥ spring potato harvesting.

[0013] ① Spring planting site preparation includes deep loosening of the soil tillage layer and rotary tillage. Deep loosening of the soil tillage layer involves using tillage equipment to loosen and plow the soil. Tillage equipment can include tractors with more than 120 horsepower, Dahua Baolai 1S-270 deep loosening machine, Ya'ao 1SZL-220 deep loosening and land preparation combined machine, etc. After deep loosening and plowing, use a mixture of 600 times dilution of pentachloronitrobenzene·thiram + 1000 times dilution of mancozeb to evenly spray the soil for soil sterilization and disinfection. If the previous crop was not a solanaceous or root crop, this step can be omitted. Rotary tillage can be carried out 1 to 2 times depending on the degree of soil compaction. Rotary tillage is carried out until the spring planting site is flat, uniform and loose.

[0014] ② Spring seed potato selection includes variety selection, cutting and removing shoots from spring seed potatoes, and seed dressing for spring and autumn seed potatoes. Variety selection should primarily focus on mid-early maturing varieties. Yellow-skinned, yellow-fleshed varieties such as Yunshu 902, Holland 15, V7, Huasong 7, Xisen 3, Deshu 7, and Perfect 1 are recommended. White-skinned, white-fleshed varieties such as Lishu 6 and Huasong 56 are also suitable. Strict quality control is required for spring planting varieties. Seed potato costs account for approximately 20% of the total cost, and all necessary permits and traceable sources must be used. Seed potatoes produced by reputable and trustworthy companies should be cut into pieces and have their sprouts removed in spring. Seed potatoes weighing less than 50g can be planted using a planter and do not need to be cut into pieces. Seed potatoes weighing 50-100g should be cut in half. Seed potatoes weighing more than 100g should have their sprouts removed, leaving only one sprout on each tuber. Small sprouts at the navel should be discarded, while large sprouts should be kept. The rest should be discarded. Tubers with signs of disease such as rot or spots should be discarded.

[0015] ③ Spring seed potato disinfection involves using biological agents for seed dressing disinfection. The biological agents mainly consist of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus macrocephala, and Trichoderma harzianum. The mass ratio of the biological agent to the spring seed potato is 1:80-100. Commercial seed dressing agents such as Potato Helper Seed Dressing Agent and Help All Things Seed Dressing Agent can be used, with an effective live bacteria count of 2 billion strains / gram. Whether the spring seed potatoes are cut into pieces or not, they need to be dressed. Once the seed potatoes are treated, they can be planted immediately without waiting for the wounds to heal completely.

[0016] ④ Spring seed potato planting includes single-row planting, mulching, and drip irrigation.

[0017] a. Single-row planting: A single-row, double-row planting pattern is adopted. The planting width of a single row is 1 meter, and the plant spacing is 0.3 meters. The row spacing for two rows of potatoes is 0.3 meters, resulting in a standardized planting density of 4447 plants / acre. Spring potato planting can be mechanized. Different mechanized planters may have fluctuations in row spacing control; in principle, fluctuations exceeding 0.05 meters are considered unqualified. Mechanized planters can be selected from wheeled tractors with a power output of 40-60 horsepower and a wheel track of 0.9-1 meter, such as the Dongfanghong ME505N or Dongfeng DF504-1. Simultaneously with spring planting, humic acid-based potato fertilizer should be used according to soil testing and fertilizer recommendation standards, with a recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 10:8:9 and a total nutrient content of 27%. Potato-specific fertilizer, humic acid potato-specific fertilizer has an organic matter content of 45%, a total humic acid content of 10%, a soluble humic acid content of 5%, and 200 million CFU / kg of beneficial bacteria. Apply 60-80 kg / mu of humic acid potato-specific fertilizer. This not only increases yield but also improves quality. Mechanized planting requires high fertilizer granulation standards, demanding high hardness, low moisture content, uniform granules, and no powdery fertilizer. When planting seed potatoes in spring, considering soil pests and diseases such as root-knot nematodes, grubs, and cutworms, mix 2 kg / mu of 1% abamectin GR, 3 kg / mu of 2% chlorpyrifos, and 3 kg / mu of 3% phoxim GR with the fertilizer or humic acid potato-specific fertilizer during planting.

[0018] b. Mulching: After spring seed potato planting, allow the soil to warm up for about 10 days before mulching. This technique should use a single-ridge mulching machine; medium or large mulching machines are not recommended. When using a mulching machine, modify the vehicle's power supply to include a rear-mounted spray system. The coverage width should be 1.5 meters. While mulching, spray a pre-emergence herbicide. Pendimethalin is recommended at a dosage of 65g / acre. The mulch thickness should be no less than 5cm. Activate the rear-mounted spray system during mulching to maximize the pre-emergence weed control effect. No further weeding is required during the growing season.

[0019] c. Drip irrigation installation: For flat plots of land planted in spring, pipes are laid in a grid pattern. Depending on the size of the plot, the main water pipe can be selected in a pattern with decreasing diameters of 110mm, 90mm, 75mm, and 63mm. Each control unit is controlled within 5 acres. For plots of land with relatively large slopes in spring, pipes are laid for every two plots, depending on the specific situation. The drip irrigation tape under each water pipe should be controlled within 20 meters. It can be broken in the middle with cable ties to make the irrigation more even.

[0020] ⑤ Spring Seed Potato Growth Period Management: When the emergence rate of spring seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is considered the emergence date. Under normal circumstances, seedlings will appear in the field 20 days after sowing, and all seedlings will emerge within 30 days. The following time points are all calculated from the emergence date.

[0021] On the 5th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, the first irrigation should be carried out to ensure that the potato seedlings emerge completely. The irrigation volume should be 10-20 ml. 3 Irrigation is carried out using water volume per acre, and irrigation is controlled by time, calculated based on the water pump flow rate, generally 15m³ / acre. 3 / Hour;

[0022] b. On the 15th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, perform a second irrigation, at a rate of 15m. 3 The standard irrigation rate is 2 kg / mu, and water-soluble fertilizer is applied simultaneously. The fertigation technology allows for extremely precise time control, following a "20 minutes + 20 minutes + 20 minutes" pattern: first irrigate for 20 minutes, then irrigate with water-soluble fertilizer for 20 minutes, and then irrigate with water for another 20 minutes. The water-soluble fertilizer can be a high-nitrogen fertilizer or urea, applied at a rate of 2 kg / mu. At the same time, 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid is added at a standard rate of 300 mL.

[0023] c. On the 17th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, spray with amino acid foliar fertilizer + zinc fertilizer. Apply amino acid foliar fertilizer at a rate of 60 mL / mu and zinc fertilizer at a rate of 80 mL / mu to improve the photosynthesis of potato plants and promote growth.

[0024] d. On the 25th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, irrigate for the third time, at a rate of 15m. 3 The standard is 8 kg / mu, plus medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and mineral-derived potassium humate is used at the same time. The medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is mainly magnesium, calcium and iron, and is used at the standard of 8 kg / mu. The mineral-derived potassium humate is used at the standard of 500 g / mu.

[0025] The fourth irrigation should be carried out 35 days after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, with irrigation water applied at 15m intervals. 3 The standard is 2 kg / mu. Add a balanced water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements. The water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20:20:20 is recommended.

[0026] f. On the 40th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, apply a preventative late blight treatment using a combination of mancozeb and hymexazol to prevent late blight, black shank, and root rot. Apply the preventative treatment according to the instructions.

[0027] The fifth irrigation should be carried out 45 days after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, at a rate of 20m. 3 Standard per acre, no fertilizer applied;

[0028] The sixth irrigation should be carried out 55 days after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, at a rate of 20m. 3 The standard is 5 kg / mu. Use a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13:7:40, or potassium content of not less than 35%. Apply the fertilizer with water at a rate of 5 kg / mu. The fertilization time is 40 minutes. The irrigation time before and after fertilization is 20 minutes.

[0029] On the 60th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, to prevent late blight, use a hand-push or backpack motorized sprayer to apply 80g of 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb + 100g of 70% propineb diluted in 45kg of water per acre to spray the stems and leaves. Alternatively, use an agricultural drone, such as a DJI T20, with the S×110015vs nozzle, and apply 150g of 72% cymoxanil-mancozeb + 200g of 70% propineb + ​​150mL of adjuvant diluted in 20kg of water, for a total of 1500mL of solution per acre for foliar spraying.

[0030] The final irrigation should be carried out 65 days after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, at a rate of 20m. 3 Standard per acre, no fertilizer applied.

[0031] On the 70th day after the seed potatoes emerge from spring planting, late blight can be controlled by using a hand-push or backpack motorized sprayer. Apply 100mL of 687.5g / L fluopyram + 120g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder per acre, diluted in 45kg of water, and spray the leaves. Alternatively, use an agricultural drone. For example, with a DJI T20, apply 3000mL of 687.5g / L fluopyram + 4000g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder per acre, diluted in 200kg of water, using an S×110020vs nozzle. Spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1500mL / acre.

[0032] Spring potatoes mature around June 15th, approximately 90 days after seed potato seedlings emerge, with a deviation of no more than 10 days.

[0033] ⑥ Spring potato harvesting includes mechanized vine killing and potato harvesting.

[0034] Mechanized vine removal involves using a potato vine remover before the spring potato harvest to mechanically remove vines, weeds, and pulverize them for return to the field. This process can complete the cleaning of potato vines in one go, and even remove and pulverize fallen vines in the furrows. Small machines for single-row operation are recommended, while medium and large machines for multi-row operation are not recommended. The blade drop distance of the vine remover should be 20-25 cm, and the power output should be 540 r / min. During operation, it is forbidden to use the hammer claws to hit the soil. If the hammer claws are found to hit the soil, the ground wheel height or the length of the suspension rod on the tractor should be adjusted.

[0035] Spring potato harvesting is a key step in the mechanization of potato production in hilly and mountainous areas. It allows for the complete digging of potatoes in one operation. In northeastern Yunnan, small vibratory potato harvesters are suitable, significantly improving harvesting efficiency and reducing potato damage. Small vibratory potato harvesters, such as the Hongzhu 4U-110D model, are equipped with 50-70 horsepower engines. Their wheelbase is the same as the tractor used for planting, both being narrow-track wheeled tractors. Larger harvesters with a harvesting width of 1.7 meters or more can be used, such as the Hongzhu 4U-170D and Yinhe 4UG-1800 models, which are equipped with narrow-track wheeled tractors with a power of 90 horsepower or more. These harvesters require components such as cutting discs and moving blades.

[0036] After the spring potato harvest (⑥), autumn potato planting is carried out on the same plot. Autumn potato planting includes the following steps: (⑦) autumn planting site preparation; (⑧) autumn seed potato selection; (⑨) autumn seed potato disinfection; (⑩) autumn seed potato planting; (⑪) autumn seed potato growth management; and (⑫) autumn potato harvesting. ⑦ Autumn planting site preparation involves allowing the spring potato planting site to fallow for 30 days after the spring potato harvest, followed by deep plowing, disinfection, and leveling of the autumn potato planting site on the same plot. This fallow period of the spring planting site... Treatment, followed by proper land preparation, can kill residual pathogens and pests in the spring planting area, providing a healthy and favorable planting environment for autumn potato planting. ⑧ Autumn seed potato selection should prioritize disease-resistant varieties. By selecting disease-resistant varieties and disinfecting autumn seed potatoes, the disease-carrying rate can be reduced, improving their disease resistance and thus increasing the emergence rate. A higher emergence rate is fundamental to achieving high yields of autumn seed potatoes. In the above-mentioned autumn potato planting process, among other things:

[0037] ⑦ After the spring potato harvest, allow the spring potato planting plots to fallow for 30 days, and then carry out the autumn potato planting plot preparation work on the same plots according to the operation procedure of ① spring planting plot preparation.

[0038] ⑧ When selecting seed potatoes for autumn, the principle of proximity should be adopted. You can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing seed potatoes purchased from late April to early May and slowly stored in a normal temperature warehouse under diffused light. The variety selection range for autumn seed potatoes is relatively narrow. The main recommended varieties are Lishu No. 6 (white skin and white flesh) and Yunshu 902 (yellow skin and yellow flesh). The quality control of autumn seed potato procurement is slightly weaker than that of spring seed potato selection, but the quality of autumn seed potatoes should still be strictly controlled. It is best to select them in person in the field. Choose varieties that are free from bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode disease, powdery scab, and late blight disease with good control in the field. If possible, virus testing should be done in advance before deciding whether to use them.

[0039] ⑨ Autumn seed potato disinfection involves using a seed dressing agent to disinfect autumn seed potatoes. The seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 450g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 900g of 3% kasugamycin wettable powder, 550g of 70% propineb wettable powder, and 100kg of talc powder. The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potato is 1:80.

[0040] ⑩ Autumn seed potato planting can be carried out by repeating the technical process of spring seed potato planting in ④. However, when planting autumn seed potatoes, considering that root-knot nematodes, grubs, cutworms and other soil pests and diseases are at high incidence, it is necessary to mix 1% abamectin GR 2kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3kg / mu + 10% thiazophos GR 1kg / mu and plant it together with the base fertilizer.

[0041] ⑪ Autumn seed potato management involves irrigating the autumn seed potatoes five times every 10-20 days using drip irrigation under mulch film, with each irrigation providing 15 cubic meters of water. 3 / mu, under normal circumstances, the planting of autumn potatoes should be completed before August 10th each year. When the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is considered the emergence date. Generally, seedlings will emerge in the field 15 days after sowing, and all seedlings will emerge in 20 days. There is more rain in autumn, and the amount of water and fertilizer used is smaller. However, the pressure of controlling late blight and root-knot nematode disease is greater. The following irrigation and fertilization time points are all calculated from the emergence date of autumn seed potatoes.

[0042] Ten days after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the first irrigation should be carried out. During the first irrigation, a medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid should be applied simultaneously. The dosage of the medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 300 mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral-derived potassium humate is 900 g / mu. Five days before the first irrigation, a foliar spray should be applied using 100 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 120 g of 80% mancozeb M-45 wettable powder diluted in 40 kg of water. Two days after the first irrigation, a foliar spray should be applied using a backpack sprayer, using 60 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 80 mL / mu of zinc fertilizer + 30 mL / mu of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 30 kg of water. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 2000 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400 mL of zinc fertilizer + 500 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 100 kg of water, for a total of 1500 mL / mu. On the 5th day after the first irrigation, spray the leaves with a backpack sprayer using a solution of 120 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 20 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil + 1000 mL of adjuvant, or use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 4000 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 300 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil + 1000 mL of adjuvant, for a total of 1500 mL / mu.

[0043] b. On the 25th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, irrigate for the second time. During the second irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 20:20:20 at a rate of 5 kg / mu. On the 5th day after the second irrigation, apply a mixture of 25 mL / mu of 500 g / L fluazinam + 120 g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​100 mL / mu of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 30 kg of water using a manual backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use an agricultural drone to apply a mixture of 600 mL / mu of 500 g / L fluazinam + 2000 g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​1500 mL / mu of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 100 kg of water, at a rate of 1500 mL / mu.

[0044] c. On the 35th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, irrigate for the third time. During the third irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13:7:40, at a rate of 3 kg / mu. On the 10th day after the third irrigation, spray the leaves with a mixture of 120g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder and 50g of 10% Zengwei Yinglv dispersible oil in 40kg of water using a backpack sprayer.

[0045] d. On the 55th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the fourth irrigation should be carried out. During the fourth irrigation, a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20:20:20 should be applied at a rate of 3 kg / mu. On the 10th day after the fourth irrigation, the leaves should be sprayed with a manual backpack sprayer using a solution of 120 g of 70% propineb + ​​30 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 40 kg of water.

[0046] On the 70th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the fifth irrigation should be carried out. During the fifth irrigation, a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 13:7:40 should be applied at a rate of 5 kg / mu. Five days after the fifth irrigation, 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil diluted in 40 kg of water should be sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer, or a plant protection drone can be used to spray the stems and leaves with 3000 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 4000 g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder diluted in 200 kg of water at a rate of 1500 mL / mu.

[0047] ⑫ Autumn potato harvesting: After the autumn seed potatoes are planted, they will mature normally around November 15th, about 90 days after planting, or they may die from frost. Under normal circumstances, they can be harvested at the end of December. The autumn potato harvesting can be carried out in accordance with the procedures for spring potato harvesting in ⑥.

[0048] When the technology of Example 1 is applied to the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in the spring, it can effectively increase the yield of potatoes planted in the autumn. The yield of potatoes planted in the autumn is comparable to that of potatoes planted in the spring, with a yield of about 3950 kg per mu. Moreover, potatoes planted in the autumn are free from pests and diseases, and have better quality. This technology solves the technical problem of planting both spring and autumn potatoes on the same plot in one year, avoids the situation of idle land due to crop rotation of spring potatoes, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous cropping on the same plot, and realizes high and stable yields of planting two seasons of potatoes on the same plot, which can bring good economic benefits to growers. Example 2

[0049] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas as described in Example 2 includes spring potato planting. The spring potato planting includes the following steps: ① spring planting site preparation, ② spring seed potato selection, ③ spring seed potato disinfection, ④ spring seed potato planting, ⑤ spring seed potato growth management, and ⑥ spring potato harvesting. The steps for spring potato planting in Example 2 are exactly the same as those in Example 1 and will not be elaborated here. After the spring potato harvest (⑥), autumn potato planting is carried out on the same plot. The autumn potato planting includes the following steps: ⑦ autumn planting site preparation, ⑧ autumn seed potato selection, ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection, ⑩ autumn seed potato planting, ⑪ autumn seed potato growth management, and ⑫ autumn potato harvesting. ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation involves allowing the spring potato planting area to fallow for 40 days after the spring potato harvest, followed by deep plowing, disinfection, and leveling of the same plot. This fallow period, combined with proper land preparation, helps eliminate residual pathogens and pests, providing a healthy and favorable planting environment for autumn potatoes. ⑧ Autumn seed potato selection requires choosing varieties with good disease resistance. Selecting disease-resistant varieties and disinfecting autumn seed potatoes reduces the disease incidence rate, improves their disease resistance, and consequently increases the emergence rate. A high emergence rate is fundamental to high autumn seed potato yields. In the above autumn potato planting process, among the following:

[0050] ⑦ After the spring potato harvest, allow the spring potato planting plots to fallow for 40 days, and then carry out the autumn potato planting plot preparation work on the same plots according to the operation procedure of ① spring planting plot preparation.

[0051] ⑧ When selecting seed potatoes for autumn, the principle of proximity should be adopted. You can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing seed potatoes purchased from late April to early May and slowly stored in a normal temperature warehouse under diffused light. The variety selection range for autumn seed potatoes is relatively narrow. The main recommended varieties are Lishu No. 6 (white skin and white flesh) and Yunshu 902 (yellow skin and yellow flesh). The quality control of autumn seed potato procurement is slightly weaker than that of spring seed potato selection, but the quality of autumn seed potatoes should still be strictly controlled. It is best to select them in person in the field. Choose varieties that are free from bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode disease, powdery scab, and late blight disease with good control in the field. If possible, virus testing should be done in advance before deciding whether to use them.

[0052] ⑨ Autumn seed potato disinfection involves using a seed dressing agent to disinfect autumn seed potatoes. The seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 480g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 950g of 3% kasugamycin wettable powder, 600g of 70% propineb wettable powder, and 120kg of talc powder. The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potato is 1:90.

[0053] ⑩ Autumn seed potato planting can be carried out by repeating the technical process of spring seed potato planting in ④. However, when planting autumn seed potatoes, considering that root-knot nematodes, grubs, cutworms and other soil pests and diseases are at high risk, it is necessary to mix 1% abamectin GR 2.5kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3.5kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3.5kg / mu + 10% thiazophos GR 1.5kg / mu and plant it together with the base fertilizer.

[0054] ⑪ Autumn seed potato management involves irrigating the autumn seed potatoes five times every 10-20 days using drip irrigation under mulch film after seedling emergence, with each irrigation providing 18m³ of water. 3 / acre. Under normal circumstances, autumn potato planting should be completed before August 10th each year. Emergence is considered to be when the seed potato germination rate reaches 75%. Generally, seedlings will appear in the field 15 days after sowing, and all seedlings will emerge within 20 days. Autumn has abundant rainfall, resulting in less water and fertilizer usage, but the pressure to control late blight and root-knot nematodes is relatively high. The following irrigation and fertilization schedules are calculated from the seed potato germination date; specifically, based on 5 irrigation cycles for autumn seed potatoes...

[0055] Ten days after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the first irrigation should be carried out. During the first irrigation, a medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid should be applied simultaneously. The dosage of the medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 300 mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral-derived potassium humate is 900 g / mu. Five days before the first irrigation, a foliar spray should be applied using 100 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 120 g of 80% mancozeb M-45 wettable powder diluted in 40 kg of water. Two days after the first irrigation, a foliar spray should be applied using a backpack sprayer, with an amino acid foliar fertilizer of 60 mL / mu + zinc fertilizer of 80 mL / mu + 0.004% brassinolide of 30 mL / mu diluted in 35 kg of water. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 2000 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400 mL of zinc fertilizer + 500 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 125 kg of water, resulting in a total solution volume of 1550 mL / mu. On the 5th day after the first irrigation, spray the leaves with a backpack sprayer using a solution of 120 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 20 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil + 1000 mL of adjuvant, or use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 4000 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 300 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil + 1000 mL of adjuvant, resulting in a total solution volume of 1550 mL / mu.

[0056] b. On the 20th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, irrigate for the second time. During the second irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 21:21:21 at a rate of 5.5 kg / mu. On the 5th day after the second irrigation, apply a mixture of 25 mL / mu of 500 g / L fluazinam + 120 g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​100 mL / mu of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 35 kg of water using a manual backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use an agricultural drone to apply a mixture of 600 mL / mu of 500 g / L fluazinam + 2000 g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​1500 mL / mu of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 125 kg of water, at a concentration of 1550 mL / mu.

[0057] c. On the 30th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, irrigate for the third time. During the third irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 14:8:43 at a rate of 3.5 kg / mu. On the 12th day after the third irrigation, spray the leaves with a mixture of 120g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder and 50g of 10% Zengwei Yinglv dispersible oil in 45kg of water using a backpack sprayer.

[0058] d. On the 50th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the fourth irrigation should be carried out. During the fourth irrigation, a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 21:21:21 should be applied at a rate of 3.5 kg / mu. On the 10th day after the fourth irrigation, the leaves should be sprayed with a manual backpack sprayer using a solution of 120 g of 70% propineb + ​​30 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 45 kg of water.

[0059] On the 65th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the fifth irrigation should be carried out. During the fifth irrigation, a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 14:8:43 should be applied at a rate of 5.5 kg / mu. Five days after the fifth irrigation, 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil diluted in 45 kg of water should be sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer, or a plant protection drone can be used to spray the stems and leaves with 3000 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 4000 g of 80% Dithane M-45 wettable powder diluted in 225 kg of water at a rate of 1550 mL / mu.

[0060] ⑫ Autumn potato harvesting: After the autumn seed potatoes are planted, they will mature normally around November 15th, about 90 days after planting, or they may die from frost. Under normal circumstances, they can be harvested at the end of December. The autumn potato harvesting can be carried out in accordance with the procedures for spring potato harvesting in ⑥.

[0061] When the technology of Example 1 is applied to the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in the spring, it can effectively increase the yield of potatoes planted in the autumn. The yield of potatoes planted in the autumn is comparable to that of potatoes planted in the spring, with a yield of about 3950 kg per mu. Moreover, potatoes planted in the autumn are free from pests and diseases, and have better quality. This technology solves the technical problem of planting both spring and autumn potatoes on the same plot in one year, avoids the situation of idle land due to crop rotation of spring potatoes, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous cropping on the same plot, and realizes high and stable yields of planting two seasons of potatoes on the same plot, which can bring good economic benefits to growers.

[0062] When the technology of Example 2 is applied to the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in the spring, it can effectively increase the yield of potatoes planted in the autumn. The yield of potatoes planted in the autumn is comparable to that of potatoes planted in the spring, with a yield of about 4200 kg per mu. Moreover, potatoes planted in the autumn are free from pests and diseases, and have better quality. This technology solves the technical problem of planting both spring and autumn potatoes on the same plot in one year, avoids the situation of idle land due to crop rotation of spring potatoes, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous cropping on the same plot, and achieves high and stable yields of two seasons of potatoes on the same plot, which can bring good economic benefits to growers. Example 3

[0063] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas as described in Example 3 includes spring potato planting. The spring potato planting includes the following steps: ① spring planting site preparation, ② spring seed potato selection, ③ spring seed potato disinfection, ④ spring seed potato planting, ⑤ spring seed potato growth management, and ⑥ spring potato harvesting. The steps for spring potato planting in Example 2 are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and will not be elaborated here. After the spring potato harvest (⑥), autumn potato planting is carried out on the same plot. The autumn potato planting includes the following steps: ⑦ autumn planting site preparation, ⑧ autumn seed potato selection, ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection, ⑩ autumn seed potato planting, ⑪ autumn seed potato growth management, and ⑫ autumn potato harvesting. ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation involves allowing the spring potato planting area to fallow for 50 days after the spring potato harvest, followed by deep plowing, disinfection, and leveling of the same plot. This fallow period, combined with proper land preparation, helps eliminate residual pathogens and pests, providing a healthy and favorable planting environment for autumn potatoes. ⑧ Autumn seed potato selection requires choosing disease-resistant varieties. Selecting disease-resistant varieties and disinfecting autumn seed potatoes reduces the disease incidence rate, improves their disease resistance, and consequently increases the emergence rate. A high emergence rate is fundamental to high autumn seed potato yields. In the above autumn potato planting process, among the following:

[0064] ⑦ After the spring potato harvest, allow the spring potato planting plots to fallow for 50 days, and then carry out the autumn potato planting plot preparation work on the same plots according to the operation process of ① spring planting plot preparation.

[0065] ⑧ When selecting seed potatoes for autumn, the principle of proximity should be adopted. You can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing seed potatoes purchased from late April to early May and slowly stored in a normal temperature warehouse under diffused light. The variety selection range for autumn seed potatoes is relatively narrow. The main recommended varieties are Lishu No. 6 (white skin and white flesh) and Yunshu 902 (yellow skin and yellow flesh). The quality control of autumn seed potato procurement is slightly weaker than that of spring seed potato selection, but the quality of autumn seed potatoes should still be strictly controlled. It is best to select them in person in the field. Choose varieties that are free from bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode disease, powdery scab, and late blight disease with good control in the field. If possible, virus testing should be done in advance before deciding whether to use them.

[0066] ⑨ Autumn seed potato disinfection involves using a seed dressing agent to disinfect autumn seed potatoes. This agent is prepared by mixing 500g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 1000g of 3% kasugamycin wettable powder, 700g of 70% propineb wettable powder, and 150kg of talc powder. The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potatoes is 1:100.

[0067] ⑩ Autumn seed potato planting can be carried out by repeating the technical process of spring seed potato planting in ④. However, when planting autumn seed potatoes, considering that root-knot nematodes, grubs, cutworms and other diseases and pests in the soil are at high incidence, it is necessary to mix 1% abamectin GR 3kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 4kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 4kg / mu + 10% thiazophos GR 2kg / mu and plant it together with the base fertilizer.

[0068] ⑪ Autumn seed potato management involves irrigating the autumn seed potatoes five times every 10-20 days using drip irrigation under mulch film after seedling emergence, with each irrigation providing 20m³ of water. 3 / mu, under normal circumstances, the planting of autumn potatoes should be completed before August 10th each year. When the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is considered the emergence date. Generally, seedlings will emerge in the field 15 days after sowing, and all seedlings will emerge in 20 days. There is more rain in autumn, and the amount of water and fertilizer used is smaller. However, the pressure of controlling late blight and root-knot nematode disease is greater. The following irrigation and fertilization time points are all calculated from the emergence date of autumn seed potatoes.

[0069] On the 20th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the first irrigation should be carried out. During the first irrigation, a medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid should be applied simultaneously. The dosage of the medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 400 mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral-derived potassium humate is 1000 mL / mu. Five days before the first irrigation, a foliar spray should be applied using 100 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 120 g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder diluted in 50 kg of water. Two days after the first irrigation, a foliar spray should be applied using a backpack sprayer, or by applying an amino acid foliar fertilizer diluted in 60 mL / mu + 80 mL / mu of zinc fertilizer + 30 mL / mu of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 40 kg of water. Use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 2000 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400 mL of zinc fertilizer + 500 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 100-150 kg of water, for a total of 1600 mL / mu. On the 5th day after the first irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray the leaves with a solution of 120 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb + 20 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb + Hymexazol diluted in 40-50 kg of water. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 4000 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb + 300 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb + Hymexazol diluted in 250 kg of water + 1000 mL of adjuvant, for a total of 1600 mL / mu.

[0070] b. On the 30th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, irrigate for the second time. During the second irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 22:22:22 at a rate of 6 kg / mu. On the 5th day after the second irrigation, apply a mixture of 25 mL / mu of 500 g / L fluazinam + 120 g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​100 mL / mu of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 40 kg of water using a manual backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use an agricultural drone to apply a mixture of 600 mL / mu of 500 g / L fluazinam + 2000 g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​1500 mL / mu of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 150 kg of water, at a concentration of 1600 mL / mu.

[0071] c. On the 40th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, irrigate for the third time. During the third irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 15:9:45 at a rate of 4 kg / mu. On the 15th day after the third irrigation, spray the leaves with a mixture of 120g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder and 50g of 10% Zengwei Yinglv dispersible oil in 50kg of water using a backpack sprayer.

[0072] d. Sixty days after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the fourth irrigation should be carried out. During the fourth irrigation, a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 22:22:22 should be applied at a rate of 4 kg / mu. Ten days after the fourth irrigation, the leaves should be sprayed with a manual backpack sprayer using a solution of 120 g of 70% propineb + ​​30 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 50 kg of water.

[0073] On the 75th day after the seed potatoes emerge from autumn planting, the fifth irrigation should be carried out. During the fifth irrigation, a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 15:9:45 should be applied at a rate of 6 kg / mu. Five days after the fifth irrigation, 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil diluted in 50 kg of water should be sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer, or 3000 mL of 687.5 g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 4000 g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder diluted in 250 kg of water should be sprayed on the stems and leaves using a plant protection drone at a rate of 1600 mL / mu.

[0074] ⑫ Autumn potato harvesting: After the autumn seed potatoes are planted, they will mature normally around November 15th, about 90 days after planting, or they may die from frost. Under normal circumstances, they can be harvested at the end of December. The autumn potato harvesting can be carried out in accordance with the procedures for spring potato harvesting in ⑥.

[0075] When the technology in Example 3 is applied to the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in the spring, it can effectively increase the yield of potatoes planted in the autumn. The yield of potatoes planted in the autumn is comparable to that of potatoes planted in the spring, with a yield of about 4200 kg per mu. Moreover, potatoes planted in the autumn are free from pests and diseases, and have better quality. This technology solves the technical problem of planting both spring and autumn potatoes on the same plot in one year, avoids the situation of idle land due to crop rotation of spring potatoes, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous cropping on the same plot, and realizes high and stable yields of planting two seasons of potatoes on the same plot, which can bring good economic benefits to growers.

Claims

1. A method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas, comprising spring potato planting, wherein the spring potato planting includes the following steps: ① spring land preparation, ② spring seed potato selection, ③ spring seed potato disinfection, ④ spring seed potato sowing, ⑤ spring seed potato growth management, and ⑥ spring potato harvesting, characterized in that: After the spring potato harvest (⑥), autumn potato planting is carried out on the same plot. The autumn potato planting includes the following steps: (⑦) autumn planting site preparation, (⑧) autumn seed potato selection, (⑨) autumn seed potato disinfection, (⑩) autumn seed potato planting, (⑪) autumn seed potato growth management, and (⑫) autumn potato harvesting. The (⑦) autumn planting site preparation involves allowing the spring potato planting site to fallow for 30-50 days after the spring potato harvest, followed by deep plowing, disinfection, and leveling of the autumn potato planting site on the same plot. The (⑧) autumn seed potato selection involves choosing varieties with good disease resistance. The management of autumn seed potatoes (⑪) involves irrigating the seed potatoes five times every 10-20 days using drip irrigation under mulch after they emerge from the autumn seed potatoes. Each irrigation session involves 15-20 ml of water. 3 / mu; The procedure for irrigating seed potatoes five times in autumn is as follows: For the first irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer containing medium-quantity elements and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid. The dosage of the water-soluble fertilizer is 300-400 mL / mu, and the dosage of potassium humate is 900-1000 mL / mu. For the second irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20-22:20-22:20-22, at a dosage of 5-6 kg / mu. For the third irrigation, apply nitrogen... For the first irrigation, apply a water-soluble fertilizer containing 13-15% phosphorus, 7-9% potassium, and 40-45% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, at a rate of 3-4 kg / mu. For the fourth irrigation, apply another water-soluble fertilizer containing 20-22% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, at a rate of 3-4 kg / mu. For the fifth irrigation, apply another water-soluble fertilizer containing 13-15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, at a rate of 5-6 kg / mu. Five days before the first irrigation, spray the leaves with a mixture of 100mL of 687.5g / L fluopyram + 120g of 80% Dithane M-45 wettable powder diluted in 40-50kg of water. Two days after the first irrigation, apply an amino acid foliar fertilizer (60mL / mu) + 80mL / mu of zinc fertilizer + 30mL / mu of 0.004% brassinolide diluted in 30-40kg of water using a backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to apply the amino acid foliar fertilizer. Apply 2000 mL / mu of 80% Mancozeb + 2400 mL of zinc fertilizer + 0.004% brassinolide at a rate of 500 mL / mu, diluted in 100-150 kg of water, as a foliar spray at a rate of 1500-1600 mL / mu. On the 5th day after the first irrigation, apply 120 g / mu of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 20 mL / mu of 30% Mancozeb·Hydroxil Fertilizer at a rate of 40-50 kg of water using a backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone at a rate of 80% Mancozeb M-45 ...

5. Apply a foliar spray of 4000g wettable powder + 300mL of 30% carbendazim·hymexazol in 200-250kg of water + 1000mL of adjuvant at a concentration of 1500-1600mL / mu. On the 5th day after the second irrigation, apply a foliar spray of 25mL / mu of 500g / L fluazinam + 120g / mu of 70% propineb + ​​100mL / mu of 687.5g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil in 30-40kg of water using a backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection product. For foliar spraying, use a drone to apply a solution of 600 mL of 500 g / L fluazinam + 2000 g of 70% propineb + ​​1500 mL of 687.5 g / L fluazinam·cymoxanil diluted in 100-150 kg of water at a concentration of 1500-1600 mL / mu. For foliar spraying, 10-15 days after the third irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to apply a solution of 120 g of 80% Mancozeb M-45 wettable powder + 50 g of 10% Zanthoxycycline dispersible oil diluted in 40-50 kg of water. Ten days after the fourth irrigation, apply a solution of 120g of 70% propineb + ​​30mL of 0.004% brassinolide to the leaves using a backpack sprayer. Five days after the fifth irrigation, apply a solution of 687.5g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil to the leaves using a backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with a solution of 3000mL of 687.5g / L fluopyram·cymoxanil + 4000g of 80% mancozeb M-45 wettable powder to the leaves using a solution of 1500-1600mL / acre.

2. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot of land in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection method involves using a seed dressing agent to disinfect autumn seed potatoes. The seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 450-500g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 900-1000g of 3% kasugamycin wettable powder, 550-700g of 70% propineb wettable powder, and 100-150kg of talc powder. The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potato is 1:80-100.

3. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: ⑩ After planting seed potatoes in autumn, mix 2-3 kg / mu of 1% abamectin GR, 3-4 kg / mu of 2% chlorpyrifos, 3-4 kg / mu of 3% phoxim GR, and 1-2 kg / mu of 10% thiazophos GR, and then plant them together with the base fertilizer.

4. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot of land in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed potato selection for autumn (⑧) can be Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing seed potatoes purchased from the end of April to the beginning of May and stored slowly under diffused light in a normal temperature warehouse.

5. A method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot of land in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third step, spring seed potato disinfection, involves using biological agents for seed dressing disinfection. The biological agents mainly consist of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus macrocephala, and Trichoderma harzianum. The mass ratio of the biological agent to the spring seed potato is 1:80-100.