A device and method for friction stir progressive deposition forming of a dissimilar metal profiled transition joint

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for forming a heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint by means of friction stir progressive deposition, and relates to a deposition forming device and method. The application is used to solve the problems of joint performance deterioration caused by intermetallic compounds at the interface of a heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint, especially an aluminum-steel transition joint, and the problem of oxide hindering joint forming in the aluminum-steel transition joint. The device comprises a rotating part, a movable storage part, a lifting control mechanism and a fixed connecting mechanism; the rotating part is installed at the upper end of the movable storage part, the fixed connecting mechanism is installed at the lower end of the movable storage part, and the lifting control mechanism is connected with the movable storage part. The application belongs to the technical field of metal material connection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of deposition forming device and method, belong to metal material connection technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of automobile, ship, aerospace, industrial manufacturing, due to the special needs of material mechanical, corrosion resistance and weight control, etc., the material selection requirement is higher, and the dissimilar composite structure material such as aluminum steel is gradually replacing single metal material for production and manufacturing due to its lightweight and excellent mechanical properties. However, due to the great difference in physical properties between steel and aluminum alloy and the intermetallic compound generated during the connection process, it greatly limits and affects the size and mechanical properties of the joint.

[0003] Friction stir additive manufacturing technology does not involve melting and solidification of materials, effectively avoiding the generation of defects such as pores and cracks in the heterogeneous metal shaped transition joint, but it is limited in the manufacture of heterogeneous metal shaped transition joints with various shapes. Progressive forming technology does not require special molds, and through the gradual advancement of small area plastic deformation, the final forming effect can be achieved, and heterogeneous metal shaped transition joints with various shapes can be manufactured, but the freedom is limited when forming on existing plates. Therefore, the present application combines friction stir additive manufacturing technology and progressive forming technology, and innovatively proposes friction stir progressive deposition forming technology, which can manufacture heterogeneous metal shaped transition joints with various shapes and excellent performance.

[0004] In the forming process of friction stir progressive forming technology, the stir head breaks the oxide film in the metal on both sides of the joint by rotation and extrusion impact, and at the same time, the dislocation channel generated by the strong plastic deformation of the material drives the rapid diffusion of atoms to form. At the same time, in the friction stir progressive forming, due to the fast atom diffusion speed, low forming peak temperature and short high temperature residence time, the thickness of intermetallic compound can be effectively controlled, and the comprehensive performance of the joint can be improved. However, the rapid diffusion of atoms caused by the stir head can increase the thickness of intermetallic compound, and the thickness of intermetallic compound can be controlled by controlling the forming process parameters to improve the quality of the joint. Further, taking the manufacture of aluminum steel transition joint as an example, for friction stir welding of aluminum steel joint, due to the difference in melting point of the two, only limited thickness of steel plate can be welded, and welding of steel plate with wide thickness range cannot be realized. However, friction stir progressive deposition forming technology can realize the welding of aluminum alloy on the surface of steel plate with adjustable thickness by continuous feeding of aluminum alloy wire, crushing, accumulation and stirring of the wire, hot plasticization of the aluminum alloy wire, and then depositing on the surface of the steel plate. Friction stir progressive deposition forming technology can manufacture aluminum steel transition joints with various shapes due to its ability to control the deposition direction and sequence of hot plastic aluminum alloy and the position and sequence of progressive forming.

[0005] Therefore, the heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint manufacturing device based on the friction stir progressive deposition forming technology can manufacture the heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint with excellent mechanical properties and personalized shape structure, and meets the urgent needs in the fields of automobiles, ships, aerospace, industrial manufacturing and the like. SUMMARY

[0006] The application is to solve the problems of joint performance deterioration caused by intermetallic compounds at the interface of the heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint, especially the aluminum-steel transition joint, and the problem of oxide hindering joint forming in aluminum-steel.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted by the application to solve the above problems is that the device comprises a rotating part, a movable storage part, a lifting control mechanism and a fixed connection mechanism.

[0008] The rotating part is installed at the upper end of the movable storage part, the fixed connection mechanism is installed at the lower end of the movable storage part, and the lifting control mechanism is connected with the movable storage part.

[0009] Further, the rotating part comprises a clamping connection part, a first transition part, a threaded part and a stirring head.

[0010] The clamping connection part, the first transition part, the threaded part and the stirring head are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom to form an integral body.

[0011] Further, the movable storage part comprises a transmission part, a second transition part, a first rotation limiting part, a feeding part and a circular bottom shaft shoulder part.

[0012] The transmission part, the second transition part and the feeding part are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom to form an integral body, the lower end of the feeding part is provided with the circular bottom shaft shoulder part, and the sidewall of the feeding part is provided with the first rotation limiting part.

[0013] Further, the lifting control mechanism comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a small pulley, a belt, a large pulley, a large pulley fixing part and a fixed frame.

[0014] The speed reducer is installed at one end of the fixed frame, the motor shaft is connected with the speed reducer, the large pulley fixing part is installed at the other end of the fixed frame, the large pulley is installed on the large pulley fixing part, the small pulley is installed on the speed reducer, and the small pulley is connected with the large pulley through the belt.

[0015] Further, the fixed connection mechanism comprises a fixed part and a second rotation limiting part.

[0016] The upper end of the fixed part is fixedly connected with the upper end of the second rotation limiting part to form an integral body.

[0017] The method comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step, adjust the position of the movable storage component according to the forming requirements, start the machine to rotate the spindle to drive the rotating component to start rotating, the device gradually approaches the steel surface according to the program, stays for a predetermined time after the stirring head is inserted into the steel plate, then immediately starts the wire feeder, the aluminum alloy wire enters the cavity between the movable storage component and the rotating component, is broken into small metal segments under the rotating shear action of the threaded part of the rotating component, and then is transported downward along the threaded rod under the action of gravity;

[0019] Step, the broken small aluminum alloy segments continuously accumulate inside the cavity between the movable storage component and the rotating component, are further deformed under the rotating extrusion of the threaded part and then are thermoplastic. The thermoplastic aluminum alloy is deposited under the action of forging, impact of the round bottom shaft shoulder of the movable storage component and external airflow cooling, the high-speed rotation and extrusion of the stirring head of the rotating component break the oxide film in the aluminum steel, create dislocation channels and the like to accelerate the flow and diffusion of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy, realize reliable interlayer bonding, and the stirring head performs point-by-point impact gradual forming on the just-deposited aluminum alloy to obtain a joint with a required shape;

[0020] Step, adjust the height of the movable storage component according to requirements during the forming process, realize the adjustment of the thickness of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy accumulated between the round bottom shaft shoulder and the pattern surface, and achieve the purpose of accelerating the forming speed.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0022] 1. The heterogeneous metal-shaped transition joint frictional gradual deposition forming device breaks through the aluminum steel transition joint manufacturing mode of the friction stir welding that can only weld aluminum on a limited-thickness steel plate, realizes the joint manufacturing mode of depositing aluminum on a thickness-adjustable steel plate, and widens the shape and function of the joint.

[0023] 2. The heterogeneous metal-shaped transition joint frictional gradual deposition forming device realizes the adjustment of the height of the lifting control mechanism, that is, the adjustment of the thickness of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy accumulated between the round bottom shaft shoulder and the pattern surface, can improve the joint forming rate, and improves the production efficiency.

[0024] 3. The heterogeneous metal-shaped transition joint frictional gradual deposition forming device breaks the oxide film of the aluminum alloy, creates dislocation channels and the like to drive the rapid diffusion of atoms, improves the joint forming rate and the comprehensive performance of the joint, and shows the characteristics of fast and good, can manufacture joints of various shapes without damaging the performance of the joint through the gradual impact of the stirring head in the forming process, greatly improves the application scene, and meets the personalized needs.

[0025] 4、The application realizes the process from solid state to hot plastic state through aluminum alloy wire feeding, breaking and extruding, and conveying, the whole forming process does not form liquid phase, effectively avoids the generation of defects such as pores and cracks in the aluminum-steel transition joint, and guarantees that the manufactured joint has good comprehensive performance, since the wire feeding process can be continuously carried out, the application is suitable for the preparation of large and complex structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint stirring friction progressive deposition forming device described in the application;

[0027] Figure 2 is the rotating part schematic diagram of the joint manufacturing mechanism described in the application;

[0028] Figure 3 is the movable storage part schematic diagram of the joint manufacturing mechanism described in the application;

[0029] Figure 4 is the side view of the lifting control mechanism described in the application;

[0030] Figure 5 is the front view of the lifting control mechanism described in the application;

[0031] Figure 6 is the fixed connection mechanism schematic diagram described in the application;

[0032] Figure 7 is the movable storage part lower limit moving schematic diagram described in the application;

[0033] Figure 8 is the movable storage part upper limit moving schematic diagram described in the application;

[0034] 1-rotating part, 101-clamping connection part, 10101-side milling plane, 102-first transition part, 10201-positioning surface, 103-threaded part, 10301-threaded rod, 104-stirring head;

[0035] 2-movable storage part, 20-transmission part, 20101-external thread, 202-second transition part, 203-rotation limiting part, 204-feeding part, 20401-feeding hole, 205-circular bottom shaft shoulder part;

[0036] 3-lifting control mechanism, 301-motor, 302-reducer, 303-small pulley, 304-belt, 305-large pulley, 306-large pulley fixing part, 30601-rivets, 30602-expanding sleeve, 30603-connection round plate, 307-fixed frame, 30701-positioning hole;

[0037] 4 - fixed connection mechanism, 401 - fixed part, 40101 - positioning hole, 40102 - positioning surface, 402 - rotation limiting part, 40201 - inclined ladder-shaped column, 40202 - notch, 40203 - positioning surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a heterogeneous metal-shaped transition joint friction stir progressive deposition forming device, comprising a rotating part 1, a movable storage part 2, a lifting control mechanism 3 and a fixed connection mechanism 4;

[0039] The rotating part 1 is installed at the upper end of the movable storage part 2, the fixed connection mechanism 4 is installed at the lower end of the movable storage part 2, and the lifting control mechanism 3 is connected with the movable storage part 2.

[0040] Among them, the rotating part 1, the movable storage part 2, the fixed connection mechanism 4 and the lifting control mechanism 3 are coaxially installed with the large pulley 305, and cooperate with each other; before starting forming, the movable storage part 2 is placed in the middle section of the movable interval, so that it can be adjusted up and down during the forming process, realizing the adjustment of the thickness of the hot plastic aluminum alloy accumulated between the circular bottom shaft shoulder part 205 and the pattern surface, and meeting different forming requirements.

[0041] DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the rotating part 1 comprises a clamping connection part 101, a first transition part 102, a threaded part 103 and a stirring head 104;

[0042] The clamping connection part 101, the first transition part 102, the threaded part 103 and the stirring head 104 are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom to form an integral whole.

[0043] Among them, the transmission part 201 is used to cooperate with the large pulley 305 in the lifting control mechanism 3 to realize the up and down movement of the movable storage part 2;

[0044] The transition part is located between the transmission part 201 and the feeding part 204, and plays a transition connection role;

[0045] The limiting rotation part 203 is used to prevent the movable storage part 2 from rotating and causing the movable storage part 2 to move up and down uncontrollably. It has three symmetrically distributed rectangular grooves. The grooves cooperate with the fixed connection mechanism 4 to limit the rotation of the movable storage part 2, while ensuring that the movable storage part 2 moves up and down without being affected. The feeding part 204 is located in the lower half of the movable storage part 2. The aluminum alloy wire used for stirring friction progressive deposition is fed into the internal cavity of the movable storage part 2 from the feeding hole 20401 on the side of the feeding part, and is connected to the movable storage part 2. The threaded portion 103 of the rotating component 1 is sheared into fine particles upon contact and then transported and deposited on the surface of the base material. The feeding hole 20401 passes obliquely downward through the side wall of the movable storage component 2. The position of the internal hole ensures that it is always located between the two adjacent threaded rods 10301 of the threaded portion 103 of the rotating component 1 when the movable storage component 2 moves up and down, thereby achieving smooth crushing and transportation of the wire during the movement of the movable storage component 2; the circular bottom shaft shoulder 205 below the feeding portion is used to compact and smooth the thermoplasticized aluminum alloy in the stirring head 104 of the rotating component 1. The rotating component 1 is composed of a clamping connection part 101, a first transition part 102, a threaded part 103 and a stirring head 104; the clamping connection part 101 is used to connect with the rotating spindle rotor part of the machining equipment, and is provided with milling planes 10101 on both sides for side clamping; the first transition part 102 is used to connect the clamping connection part 101 and the threaded part 103 and realize the matching positioning with the movable storage part 2; the threaded part 103 is provided with a protruding rectangular threaded rod 10301, which is used to move the material from the feeding hole The aluminum alloy wire fed by 20401 is transported and extruded toward the stirring head 104, and in the process the aluminum alloy wire is broken and thermoplasticized, and then densely formed under the stirring plastic deformation action of the stirring head 104; the stirring head 104 is located at the bottom of the rotating part 1, is hemispherical and has a distance from the bottom end of the threaded part 103, and this distance is the adjustment range of the movable storage part 2; the hemispherical stirring head 104 has a smaller shearing effect when stirring the material than the frustum-shaped stirring head, and is suitable for the requirements of progressive forming.

[0046] Specific implementation method three: Figure 3 As shown, the movable storage component 2 includes a transmission portion 201, a second transition portion 202, a first rotation limiting portion 203, a feeding portion 204 and a round bottom shaft shoulder portion 205;

[0047] The transmission part 201 , the second transition part 202 and the feeding part 204 are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom into one body. The lower end of the feeding part 204 is provided with a round bottom shaft shoulder 205 , and the side wall of the feeding part 204 is provided with a first rotation limiting part 203 .

[0048] Specific implementation method four: Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the lifting control mechanism 3 includes a motor 301, a speed reducer 302, a small pulley 303, a belt 304, a large pulley 305, a large pulley fixing member 306, and a fixed frame 307.

[0049] The speed reducer 302 is installed at one end of the fixed frame 307, the motor shaft of the motor 301 is connected with the speed reducer 302, the large pulley fixing member 306 is installed at the other end of the fixed frame 307, the large pulley 305 is installed on the large pulley fixing member 306, the small pulley 303 is installed on the speed reducer 302, and the small pulley 303 is connected with the large pulley 305 through the belt 304.

[0050] The gear ratio of the large pulley 305 to the small pulley 303 is 1:1~50:1, and transmission can be achieved.

[0051] The internal threads of the large pulley 305 cooperate with the transmission part 201 of the movable storage part 2 to realize the up-down movement of the movable storage part 2; the large pulley fixing member 306 is composed of a plurality of rivets 30601, an expansion sleeve 30602, and a connecting round plate 30603, the connecting round plate 30603 is connected with the rivets 30601 and the machining equipment, and as the rivets 30601 are riveted, the connecting round plate 30603 extrudes the expansion sleeve 30602 into the inner wall of the large pulley 305 to realize the fixation of the large pulley 305;

[0052] The fixed frame 307 has a plurality of positioning holes 30701 for connection with the speed reducer 302 and the machining equipment, and the positioning holes 302 connected with the machining equipment and the positioning holes 40101 in the fixed part 401 of the fixed connection mechanism 4 for fixation with the machining equipment are concentric and equidiameter, and the fixed frame 307 is used for fixing the whole lifting control mechanism 3.

[0053] The belt 304 passes through the groove on the outer wall of the machining equipment to realize the installation of the lifting control mechanism 3, which can not only ensure that the large pulley 305 drives the movable storage part 2 to realize height adjustment at any moment of joint forming, but also ensure the strength and carrying capacity of the whole device through the cooperation between the transmission part 201 of the movable storage part 2 and the large pulley 305.

[0054] Specific implementation method five: as shown in Figure 6 The fixed connection mechanism 4 includes a fixed part 401 and a second rotation limiting part 402.

[0055] The upper end of the fixed part 401 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the second rotation limiting part 402 as a whole.

[0056] The fixed part 401 is used for connection with the non-rotating part of the main shaft of the machining equipment, has a plurality of circumferentially distributed positioning holes 40101, and is used for fixation with the machining equipment.

[0057] The second rotation limiting portion 402 is located in the inner cavity of the lower half of the fixed connection mechanism and has three symmetrically distributed inclined trapezoidal columns 40201, which cooperate with the grooves of the rotation limiting portion 203 of the movable storage component 2 to limit the rotation of the movable storage component 2 without affecting the upward and downward movement of the movable storage component 2;

[0058] The side wall of the rotation limiting portion 402 of the fixed connection mechanism 4 is provided with a slot 40202 , the width of which is equal to the diameter of the feeding hole 20401 , and the length design ensures that the wire can smoothly enter the feeding hole 20401 when the movable storage component 2 moves up and down.

[0059] Specific implementation method six: Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a method for forming a heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint by friction stir progressive deposition is provided, and the specific steps include:

[0060] Step 1: Adjust the position of the movable storage component 2 according to the forming requirements, start the machine to rotate the main shaft to drive the rotating component 1 to start rotating, and the device gradually approaches the steel surface according to the program. After the stirring head 104 rotates and penetrates the steel plate, it stays for a predetermined time, and then immediately starts the wire feeder. The aluminum alloy wire enters the cavity between the movable storage component and the rotating component 1 through the feeding hole 20401. Under the rotational shearing action of the threaded portion 103 of the rotating component 1, it is broken into small metal segments and then transported downward along the threaded rod 10301 under the action of gravity;

[0061] Step 2: The crushed small aluminum alloy segments are continuously accumulated in the cavity between the movable storage component 2 and the rotating component 1, and are further deformed and then thermoplasticized under the rotational extrusion of the threaded portion 103. The thermoplasticized aluminum alloy is deposited and formed under the forging and impact of the circular bottom shoulder 205 of the movable storage component 2 and the cooling effect of external airflow. The high-speed rotation and extrusion of the stirring head 104 of the rotating component 1 will break the oxide film in the aluminum steel and create fast channels such as dislocations to accelerate the flow and diffusion of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy, achieving reliable interlayer bonding. At the same time, the stirring head 104 performs point-by-point impact and progressive shaping on the newly deposited aluminum alloy to obtain the desired shape joint.

[0062] Step 3: During the forming process, the height of the movable material storage component 2 is adjusted as needed to adjust the thickness of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy accumulated between the round bottom shaft shoulder 205 and the pattern surface, thereby accelerating the forming speed.

[0063] The spindle of the machine tool remains at an angle during the forming process, the orientation of the fixed components of the forming device remains unchanged, and the feeding hole 20401 of the feeding portion 204 has a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, which can meet the wire feeding process of aluminum alloy wires of different sizes.

[0064] The movable storage component 2, the rotating component 1, the fixed connection mechanism 4 and the large belt wheel 305 are coaxially installed, the round bottom shaft shoulder part 205 of the movable storage component 2 satisfies that when moving to the top end in the moving interval, the bottom end of the threaded part 103 of the rotating component 1 is flush, and when moving to the bottom end, the circular end face above the stirring head 104 is flush;

[0065] The threaded part 103 of the rotating component 1 is not limited to the outer convex screw structure, and can also be a screw groove structure. The manufacturing materials of the joint manufacturing mechanism 1, 2 and the fixed connection mechanism 4 are steel, and the material of the stirring head 104 can be WC-Co, so as to ensure high strength;

[0066] The shape of the stirring head 104 is not limited to a symmetrical hemispherical shape, and can also be designed as an eccentric hemispherical stirring head 104, so that the stirring effect on the material is more sufficient. According to the set gradual deposition forming thickness, stirring heads 104 of different heights can be selected, generally 1-3 mm.

[0067] The potential rotation of the movable storage component 2 is caused by the accumulation of thermoplastic aluminum alloy between the movable storage component 2 and the rotating component 1, which is bonded between the two after solidification, causing slight disturbance of the movable storage component 2 when the rotating component 1 rotates, resulting in the possibility of rotation of the movable storage component 2;

[0068] Compared with the flat bottom shaft shoulder, the round bottom shaft shoulder can realize forming on the curved surface, and the use scene is more complex and diverse. Since the transmission part 201 can realize the up and down movement of the movable storage component 2, its function is to adjust the distance between the round bottom shaft shoulder part 205 and the surface of the formed plate, so that the thickness of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy accumulated between them each time can be adjusted, and then the forming process speed is adjusted, and the joint manufacturing efficiency is improved.

[0069] The stirring head 104 can accelerate the flow of thermoplastic aluminum alloy by stirring the aluminum alloy, so that the atomic distribution of the joint is more uniform, and can also break the oxide film in aluminum and steel and create dislocation and other atomic diffusion fast channels to accelerate the forming process and realize excellent bonding between aluminum and steel. On the other hand, the stirring head 104 can realize the manufacturing of joints of different shapes by gradually extruding and bumping the thermoplastic joint point by point. In addition, if the reinforcing phase (such as aluminum-silicon alloy) is added in advance on the steel, the stirring head can realize the uniform dispersion distribution of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum-steel matrix through stirring, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the joint.

[0070] The outer diameter of the trapezoidal screw rod designed for the transmission part 201 of the movable storage component 2 is 42.6 mm, the inner diameter is 42.5 mm, the internal hollow part column diameter is 36 mm, and the whole is made of steel. When the hollow screw rod has a cross-sectional area A = 257.9 mm 2 . For steel material, assuming that the yield strength = , the allowable normal stress , taking the safety factor n = 2, then = , according to = , can be obtained , , it can withstand at least one ton of force. Again through the nut and screw contact strength calculation, the design of the thread diameter = , the number of threads = 10 nut height = 30mm, according to Assuming the allowable pressure [p] = 100MPa, = 41144930N, it can be seen that the strength is very high. Can reach the use requirements. Mobile storage component 2 outer wall can open a groove to make excess accumulation of aluminum alloy overflow, prevent the movable storage component 2 and the rotating part 1 between the excess accumulation of aluminum alloy caused by blockage, affect the normal wire feeding.

[0071] The above, only the preferred embodiments of the present application, not to the present application in any form of restrictions, although the present application has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiments, however, not to limit the present application, any skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the present application technical solutions, when the above disclosed technical content can make some changes or modifications for equivalent embodiments, but whatever is not out of the present application technical solutions, according to the technical essence of the present application, within the spirit and principles of the present application, to the above examples of any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement, etc., are still within the scope of the present application technical solutions protection.

Claims

1. A device for forming heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joints by friction stir deposition, characterized in that: It comprises a rotating part (1), a movable material storage part (2), a lifting control mechanism (3) and a fixed connection mechanism (4); The rotating component (1) is mounted on the upper end of the movable material storage component (2), the fixed connection mechanism (4) is mounted on the lower end of the movable material storage component (2), and the lifting control mechanism (3) is connected to the movable material storage component (2); The rotating component (1) comprises a clamping connection portion (101), a first transition portion (102), a threaded portion (103) and a stirring head (104); The clamping connection portion (101), the first transition portion (102), the threaded portion (103) and the stirring head (104) are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom into one body; The movable material storage component (2) comprises a transmission portion (201), a second transition portion (202), a first rotation limiting portion (203), a material feeding portion (204) and a circular bottom shaft shoulder portion (205); The transmission part (201), the second transition part (202), and the feeding part (204) are fixedly connected in sequence from top to bottom to form an integral whole. The lower end of the feeding part (204) is provided with a round bottom shaft shoulder (205), and the side wall of the feeding part (204) is provided with a first rotation limiting part (203); The lifting control mechanism (3) includes a motor (301), a speed reducer (302), a small pulley (303), a belt (304), a large pulley (305), a large pulley fixing component (306) and a fixing frame (307); The fixed connection mechanism (4) comprises a fixed portion (401) and a second rotation limiting portion (402); The upper end of the fixed portion (401) and the upper end of the second rotation limiting portion (402) are fixedly connected to form a whole; The large pulley fixing component (306) is composed of a plurality of rivets (30601), an expansion sleeve (30602) and a connecting circular plate (30603). The connecting circular plate (30603) is connected to the rivets (30601) and the machining equipment. As the rivets (30601) are driven in, the connecting circular plate (30603) squeezes the expansion sleeve (30602) into the inner wall of the large pulley (305), thereby fixing the large pulley (305). The second rotation limiting portion (402) is located in the inner cavity of the lower half of the fixed connection mechanism and has three symmetrically distributed inclined trapezoidal columns (40201) that cooperate with the grooves of the rotation limiting portion (203) of the movable material storage component (2) to limit the rotation of the movable material storage component (2).

2. The device for forming heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joints by friction stir deposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reducer (302) is mounted on one end of the fixed frame (307), the motor shaft of the motor (301) is connected to the reducer (302), the large pulley fixing component (306) is mounted on the other end of the fixed frame (307), the large pulley (305) is mounted on the large pulley fixing component (306), the small pulley (303) is mounted on the reducer (302), and the small pulley (303) is connected to the large pulley (305) via a belt (304).

3. A method for realizing friction stir progressive deposition forming using the heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the friction stir progressive deposition forming method for heterogeneous metal special-shaped transition joints include: Step 1: Adjust the position of the movable material storage component (2) according to the forming requirements, start the machine to rotate the main shaft to drive the rotating component (1) to start rotating, and the device gradually approaches the steel surface according to the program. After the stirring head (104) rotates and penetrates the steel plate, it stays for a predetermined time, and then immediately starts the wire feeder. The aluminum alloy wire enters the cavity between the movable material storage component and the rotating component (1) through the feeding hole (20401), and is broken into small metal segments under the rotating shearing action of the threaded portion (103) of the rotating component (1). Then, it is transported downward along the threaded rod (10301) under the action of gravity; Step 2: The crushed small aluminum alloy segments are continuously accumulated in the cavity between the movable storage component (2) and the rotating component (1), and are further deformed and then thermoplasticized under the rotation and extrusion of the threaded portion (103). The thermoplasticized aluminum alloy is deposited and formed under the forging, impact and external air flow cooling of the circular bottom shoulder (205) of the movable storage component (2). The high-speed rotation and extrusion of the stirring head (104) of the rotating component (1) will break the oxide film in the aluminum steel and create fast channels such as dislocations to accelerate the flow and diffusion of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy, thereby achieving reliable interlayer bonding. At the same time, the stirring head (104) performs point-by-point impact and progressive forming on the newly deposited aluminum alloy to obtain a joint of the desired shape. Step 3: During the forming process, the height of the movable material storage component (2) is adjusted as needed to adjust the thickness of the thermoplastic aluminum alloy accumulated between the round bottom shaft shoulder (205) and the pattern surface, thereby achieving the purpose of accelerating the forming speed.

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