Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, a second glass plate and a middle layer. The first glass plate comprises a first glass body and a low-permeability film layer, and the low-permeability film layer is connected to the surface of the first glass body. A middle layer is connected between the first glass plate and the second glass plate. The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL1, the visible light transmittance of the middle layer is TL2, 6TL1 is smaller than or equal to TL2, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL3, and TL3 is smaller than or equal to 10%. According to the technical scheme, the cost of the laminated glass can be reduced on the premise of reducing the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, so that the laminated glass can be widely applied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of glass technology, and in particular to a laminated glass and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] At present, the window glass of vehicles generally needs to reduce the transmittance of visible light to prevent the sun from entering the cabin through the roof and causing adverse consequences such as glare and dizziness. However, the cost of window glass with low transmittance is high, which is not conducive to its widespread promotion and application. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a laminated glass and a vehicle, which can reduce the cost of the laminated glass while reducing the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, so that the laminated glass can have a wide range of applications.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a laminated glass, comprising:

[0005] A first glass plate, comprising a first glass body and a low-transmittance film layer, wherein the low-transmittance film layer is connected to a surface of the first glass body;

[0006] a second glass sheet; and

[0007] an intermediate layer connected between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;

[0008] The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL1, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer is TL2, 6TL1≤TL2, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL3, TL3≤10%.

[0009] In this embodiment, the low-transmittance film layer can reduce the transmittance of visible light by absorbing visible light, thereby reducing the amount of light entering the car, thereby ensuring that the temperature in the car does not rise rapidly, thereby improving the comfort of the driver and passengers.

[0010] Since the low-transmittance film layer can reduce the overall visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, the laminated glass does not need to be provided with an intermediate layer with low transmittance. Since the intermediate layer with low transmittance generally has a high production cost and is difficult to produce, the laminated glass provided by the embodiment of the present application can reduce the production cost of the laminated glass while reducing the visible light transmittance.

[0011] In addition, since the laminated glass provided in the embodiment of the present application does not need to use an intermediate layer with low transmittance such as a gray film, the haze of the laminated glass will not be affected by the gray film. Reducing the haze of the laminated glass can make the passenger's vision through the laminated glass to the outside world clearer, thereby providing a better riding experience for the passenger.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner, a visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate is ≤14%.

[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the visible light reflectivity of the first glass plate ranges from 7% to 30%.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, the haze of the laminated glass is ≤4.5%.

[0015] In a possible implementation manner, a visible light transmittance of the first glass body is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner, a total energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is ≤22.5%.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the low-transmittance film layer includes at least two light absorbing layers and a high refractive index layer arranged between the two light absorbing layers, the material of the light absorbing layer is selected from at least one of W, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Si, and Zr, and the high refractive index layer has a refractive index ≥1.8 at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥2, or ≥2.3, or ≥2.5, or ≥2.8, or ≥3 at a light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, the material of the high refractive index layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or is selected from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or oxynitrides and mixtures thereof.

[0020] In a possible implementation manner, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance film layer is 60 nm to 500 nm, or 70 nm to 400 nm, or 70 nm to 350 nm.

[0021] In a possible implementation manner, the physical thickness of the high refractive index layer is 60 nm to 100 nm, or 70 nm to 90 nm, or 60 nm to 80 nm.

[0022] In a possible embodiment, the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmittance film layer is ≥10nm, or ≥20nm, or ≥25nm; and / or the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmittance film layer is ≤300nm, or ≤150nm, or ≤80nm, or ≤50nm.

[0023] In a possible implementation manner, the physical thickness of one of the light absorbing layers is ≥5 nm, or ≥10 nm, or ≥15 nm; and / or the physical thickness of one of the light absorbing layers is ≤150 nm, or ≤100 nm, or ≤50 nm.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the second glass plate includes a second glass body and a low-emissivity film layer, one side of the second glass body is connected to the intermediate layer, the other side of the second glass body is connected to the low-emissivity film layer, and the emissivity of the second glass plate is e≤0.3.

[0025] In this embodiment, the low-emissivity film layer of the laminated glass can maintain the temperature inside the vehicle by reducing radiation. The low-emissivity film layer can reduce the radiation of light outside the vehicle, thereby preventing the outside environment from raising the temperature inside the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer can also reduce the radiation of light inside the vehicle on the surface of the laminated glass, preventing a large amount of heat from flowing out of the vehicle, resulting in a drop in the temperature inside the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer can also prevent occupants from being dizzy due to a large amount of light reflected on the surface of the laminated glass facing the inside of the vehicle.

[0026] In a possible implementation manner, a visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0027] In a possible implementation manner, the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is in a range of 25% to 94%.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the laminated glass further includes a thermal insulation film layer, which is connected between the first glass body and the low-transmittance film layer, and the energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure formed by the thermal insulation film layer and the first glass body is ≥28%.

[0029] In a possible implementation manner, the thermal insulation film layer is connected between the second glass plate and the intermediate layer, and an energy reflectivity RE of a laminated structure of the thermal insulation film layer and the second glass plate is ≥28%.

[0030] In this embodiment, the thermal insulation film layer can reflect sunlight and reduce the amount of sunlight entering the vehicle, thereby reducing the transmittance of visible light and infrared rays, thereby significantly reducing the temperature inside the vehicle and improving the comfort of the driver and passengers. In addition to reflecting light, the thermal insulation film layer can also reduce the conduction of heat. This means that the thermal insulation film layer can reduce the speed at which the temperature outside the vehicle is conducted into the vehicle through the laminated glass, further reducing the heat accumulation in the vehicle and keeping the vehicle cool.

[0031] In a possible implementation manner, the visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer is ≥40%.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and the laminated glass as described above, wherein the laminated glass is connected to the vehicle body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the implementation manner will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation manners of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained like these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass shown;

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle layer shown;

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the laminated glass shown;

[0038] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a low-transmittance film layer shown;

[0039] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass shown;

[0040] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Another schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass shown;

[0041] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of laminated glass is shown.

[0042] Figure numerals: vehicle 100, vehicle body 10, laminated glass 20, first glass plate 21, second glass plate 22, intermediate layer 23, first sublayer 231, second sublayer 232, functional layer 233, first glass body 211, low-transmittance film layer 212, first surface 2111, second surface 2112, first dielectric layer 2121, first light absorbing layer 2122, high refractive index layer 2123, second light absorbing layer 2124, second dielectric layer 2125, first dielectric sublayer 2126, second dielectric sublayer 2127, thermal insulation film layer 24, second glass body 221, low-emissivity film layer 222. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] For ease of understanding, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained.

[0044] And / or: It is just a way to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0045] Multiple: refers to two or more than two.

[0046] Connection: should be understood in a broad sense. For example, A and B are connected, which can be either direct or indirect through an intermediary.

[0047] Visible light transmittance: the transmittance of light with a wavelength range of 380nm-780nm.

[0048] Total Energy Transmittance: Tested and calculated according to ISO 9050 standard.

[0049] Haze: Measured and calculated according to ASTM D1003 standard.

[0050] The specific implementation of the present application will be clearly described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0051] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The vehicle 100 includes a vehicle body 10 and a laminated glass 20. The laminated glass 20 is connected to the vehicle body 10.

[0052] It should be noted that Figure 1 The purpose is only to schematically describe the connection relationship between the vehicle body 10 and the laminated glass 20, and it does not specifically limit the connection position, specific structure and quantity of each device. The structure shown in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the vehicle 100. In other embodiments of the present application, the vehicle 100 includes Figure 1 More or fewer components may be shown, or some components may be combined or separated, or the components may be arranged differently.

[0053] At present, the window glass of vehicles generally needs to reduce the transmittance of visible light to avoid the adverse consequences of glare and dizziness caused by sunlight entering the cabin through the roof. At present, the middle layer of laminated glass is generally set as a gray film to reduce the visible light transmittance of the window glass, but the preparation cost of the gray film is relatively high, which leads to an increase in the cost of the window glass. In addition, the window area of ​​vehicles is getting larger and larger, and the cost is already high, so the use of gray film window glass is even more unfavorable for widespread promotion.

[0054] Based on this, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a laminated glass 20 is shown. The laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application has a visible light transmittance of TL3, TL3≤10%. The laminated glass 20 can reduce production costs while reducing visible light transmittance, and thus can have a wide range of applications.

[0055] In addition, the haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application is ≤4.5%. The total energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 20 is ≤22.5%. Furthermore, the total energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 20 is ≤15%. Furthermore, the total energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass 20 is ≤13%.

[0056] In this embodiment, the haze of the laminated glass 20 is relatively small, so that when passengers observe the external environment through the laminated glass 20, the field of vision is clearer, thereby providing passengers with a better riding experience.

[0057] In addition, TTS is a measure of the proportion of total sunlight energy that passes through the laminated glass 20, including direct transmission and indirect conversion (such as heat energy absorbed by the laminated glass 20 and then re-radiated). Reducing TTS means reducing the total energy in sunlight that enters the car, thereby significantly reducing the temperature inside the car. In the hot summer, low TTS laminated glass 20 can effectively block external heat, reduce the burden on the air conditioning system, and make the temperature inside the car reach and remain in a comfortable range more quickly, improving the riding experience of passengers.

[0058] When the laminated glass 20 is installed on a vehicle, it is preferably used as a composite sunroof glass of the vehicle. However, the laminated glass 20 is not limited thereto, and can also be used as a lifting glass or a corner window glass, etc., thereby providing more display scene applications for the vehicle.

[0059] The laminated glass 20 may include a first glass plate 21, a second glass plate 22 and an intermediate layer 23. Along the thickness direction of the laminated glass 20, the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 are connected by the intermediate layer 23.

[0060] The intermediate layer 23 serves to bond the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22. The intermediate layer 23 is a transparent film, and its visible light transmittance TL2 is ≥40%. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer 23 is ≥80%.

[0061] The middle layer 23 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate. The middle layer 23 can be a thermoplastic middle layer. The material of the middle layer 23 can be selected from one or more of polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionic polymer film (SGP).

[0062] For example, the middle layer 23 may be formed by splicing two or three transparent films. The middle layer 23 may also be added with an infrared absorber so as to have heat and light absorption functions. The thermoplastic middle layer may also include at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content so as to have a sound insulation function, or one of which is wedge-shaped so as to have a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.

[0063] For a possible implementation, see Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate layer 23 is shown. The intermediate layer 23 may include a first sublayer 231, a second sublayer 232 and a functional layer 233. The first sublayer 231 and the second sublayer 232 are located on opposite sides of the thickness direction of the functional layer 233. The first sublayer 231 is connected to the first glass plate 21. The second sublayer 232 is connected to the second glass plate 22.

[0064] The materials of the first sublayer 231 and the second sublayer 232 may be the materials of the intermediate layer 23. The functional layer 233 may be a structure with dimming function such as polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), electrochromic (EC), etc. Alternatively, the functional layer 233 may also have an atmosphere light function or a sound insulation function.

[0065] In a possible embodiment, the first glass plate 21 of the laminated glass 20 faces the outside of the vehicle, and the second glass plate 22 of the laminated glass 20 faces the inside of the vehicle.

[0066] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 is shown. The first glass plate 21 includes a first glass body 211 and a low-transmittance film layer 212. The first glass body 211 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 are stacked.

[0067] The first glass body 211 includes a first surface 2111 and a second surface 2112 that are opposite to each other along the thickness direction. The first surface 2111 of the first glass body 211 faces outside the vehicle, and the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211 faces inside the vehicle.

[0068] The thickness of the first glass body 211 may be between 1.6 mm and 2.5 mm (including the endpoints 1.6 mm and 2.5 mm), and the visible light transmittance of the first glass body 211 is ≥ 70%. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance of the first glass body 211 is ≥ 88%.

[0069] The first glass body 211 can be tempered glass. Tempered glass can be transparent low-iron glass (also called ultra-white glass), soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass or K glass, etc. The first glass body 211 is tempered so that the first glass body 211 has a stronger rigidity and smaller deformation. In actual use, the stronger rigidity can make the first glass body 211 less likely to be damaged by external forces, and can adapt to more usage scenarios. The first glass body 211 can also be semi-tempered glass. The first glass body 211 has the characteristics of high strength of tempered glass, while avoiding the disadvantage of fully tempered glass that is easily shattered when damaged. When the semi-tempered first glass body 211 is damaged, it can radially crack along the crack source, and generally there is no tangential crack expansion, so it can still remain intact as a whole without collapsing after damage.

[0070] The low-transmittance film layer 212 can be prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and is disposed on the first glass plate 21 by coating and high-temperature sintering.

[0071] The physical thickness of the low-transmittance film layer 212 is 60nm-500nm, or 70nm-400nm, or 70nm-350nm. Preferably, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance film layer 212 is 100nm-400nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance film layer 212 is 200nm-300nm.

[0072] The low-transmittance film layer 212 may include at least two light absorbing layers, which may also be understood as visible light absorbing layers for absorbing visible light. The low-transmittance film layer 212 may block visible light from entering the vehicle or control the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20 by absorbing visible light.

[0073] The low-transmittance film layer 212 also includes at least one dielectric layer, the material of which is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or selected from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or nitride oxides and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include SiN, SiO2, etc. The dielectric layer may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, see Figure 5 , Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the low-transmittance film layer 212 is shown. The low-transmittance film layer 212 may be composed of two light absorbing layers, a high refractive index layer, and two dielectric layers.

[0074] For example, it is composed of "light absorption layer / high refractive index layer / light absorption layer". Alternatively, the low-transmittance film layer 212 may also include three light absorption layers and one high refractive index layer, for example, it is composed of "light absorption layer / high refractive index layer / light absorption layer / light absorption layer". Alternatively, the low-transmittance film layer 212 may also include three light absorption layers and two high refractive index layers, for example, it is composed of "light absorption layer / high refractive index layer / light absorption layer / high refractive index layer / light absorption layer". It is understandable that the low-transmittance film layer 212 may also be composed of four light absorption layers; or five light absorption layers, etc.

[0075] The total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmittance film layer is ≥10nm, and specifically, 10nm, or 15nm, or 20nm, or 25nm, or 30nm, or 35nm, or 40nm, or 50nm, or 60nm, or 70nm, or 80nm, etc. The total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer can be ≥20nm, and further, the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer is ≥25nm. In addition, the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmittance film layer is ≤300nm, and further, ≤150nm, and further, ≤80nm, or ≤50nm.

[0076] The physical thickness of the light absorbing layer is ≥5 nm, specifically, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, etc. The physical thickness of the light absorbing layer may be ≥10 nm, and further, the physical thickness of the light absorbing layer may be ≥15 nm. In addition, the physical thickness of the light absorbing layer may be ≤150 nm, and further, ≤100 nm, and further, ≤50 nm.

[0077] The material of the light absorbing layer is selected from at least one of W, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Si, and Zr.

[0078] The physical thickness of the high refractive index layer is 60nm-100nm, or 70nm-90nm, or 60nm-80nm. The high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥1.8 at a wavelength of 550nm, specifically 1.8, or 1.9, or 2.0, or 2.1, or 2.2, or 2.3, or 2.4, or 2.5, or 2.6, or 2.7, or 2.8, or 2.9, or 3.0, etc. Preferably, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥2 at a wavelength of 550nm, more preferably, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥2.3 at a wavelength of 550nm, and further preferably, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥2.5, or ≥2.8, or ≥3 at a wavelength of 550nm.

[0079] The material of the high refractive index layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or selected from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or oxynitrides and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include SiN, SiOx, ZnSnOx (zinc tin oxide), TiOx (titanium oxide), SiNx (silicon nitride), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), ZrOx (zirconium oxide), NbOx (niobium oxide), etc.

[0080] For example, the low-transmittance film layer 212 is composed of "first dielectric layer 2121 / first light absorbing layer 2122 / high refractive index layer 2123 / second light absorbing layer 2124 / second dielectric layer 2125". The high refractive index layer 2123 can also be understood as an intermediate dielectric layer. The second dielectric layer 2125 is composed of a first dielectric sublayer 2126 and a second dielectric sublayer 2127 stacked in layers. Optionally, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 2121 is 20nm to 45nm, and the physical thickness of the second dielectric layer 2125 is 3nm to 200nm. The physical thickness of the first light absorbing layer 2122 is 10nm to 100nm, and the physical thickness of the second light absorbing layer 2124 is 10nm to 100nm. Among them, the dielectric layer can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, for example, including at least two dielectric sublayers.

[0081] The material of the dielectric layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or selected from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or oxynitrides and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include SiN, SiOx, ZnSnOx (zinc tin oxide), TiOx (titanium oxide), SiNx (silicon nitride), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), ZrOx (zirconium oxide), NbOx (niobium oxide), etc.

[0082] The ratio of the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer to the total physical thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.2 to 1.8, and specifically, it can be 0.2, or 0.5, or 0.8, or 1.0, or 1.2, or 1.5, or 1.8, etc. Preferably, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer to the total physical thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.5 to 1.5. By optimizing the film thickness of the low-transmittance film layer 212, the laminated glass 20 has a lower visible light transmittance TL1 and a lower light reflectivity RL.

[0083] Specifically, a dielectric layer and a light absorbing layer form a stacked structure, and the low-transmittance film layer 212 includes at least two stacked structures. Optionally, the low-transmittance film layer 212 includes 2 to 5 stacked structures. Specifically, for example, the low-transmittance film layer 212 includes 2, 3, 4, or 5 stacked structures.

[0084] In a possible implementation, the low-transmittance film layer 212 includes a six-layer sublayer structure (not shown). Along the thickness direction of the low-transmittance film layer 212, the six sublayers are respectively a SiN layer with a thickness of 32 nm, a NiCr layer with a thickness of 18 nm, a SiN layer with a thickness of 78 nm, a NiCr layer with a thickness of 17 nm, a SiN layer with a thickness of 8 nm, and a SiO layer with a thickness of 20 nm.

[0085] The low-transmittance film layer 212 may be connected to the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211. The connection may be understood as direct connection or indirect connection. That is, the low-transmittance film layer 212 may directly contact the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211, or the low-transmittance film layer 212 may be connected to the second surface 2112 through other film layer structures.

[0086] The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 21 is TL1. The visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate 21 is ≤ 14%. The visible light reflectance RL of the first glass plate 21 is in the range of 7%-30%. Further, the visible light reflectance RL of the first glass plate 21 is in the range of 12%-20%.

[0087] The visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate 21 and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer 23 of the embodiment of the present application satisfy the following relationship: 6TL1≤TL2. That is, the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 21 is much smaller than that of the intermediate layer 23.

[0088] In a possible implementation, the second glass plate 22 is tinted glass. The second glass plate 22 may be green wave. The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 22 may be in the range of 25% to 94%. The thickness of the second glass plate 22 may be in the range of 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm (including the end values ​​of 0.7 mm and 2.5 mm).

[0089] In this embodiment, the tinted glass can reduce the overall visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20, thereby preventing a large amount of sunlight from entering the vehicle through the roof, causing the passengers and the driver in the vehicle to feel glare and dizziness.

[0090] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 is shown. The laminated glass 20 further includes a heat-insulating film layer 24, which can be connected between the first glass body 211 and the low-transmittance film layer 212, and the energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure of the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the first glass body 211 is ≥28%. Furthermore, the energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure of the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the first glass body 211 is ≥40%.

[0091] The heat-insulating film layer 24 may have a metal layer structure. The metal layer can reflect light, thereby preventing a large amount of light from entering the vehicle.

[0092] Specifically, the thermal insulation film layer 24 may include metal materials such as silver-based materials. In one possible manner, the thermal insulation film layer 24 may include multiple sublayers. In the first manner, the thermal insulation film layer 24 may include sequentially stacked: ZnSnOx with a thickness of 20nm, AZO with a thickness of 10nm, Ag with a thickness of 11nm, TiO with a thickness of 8nm, ZnSnOx with a thickness of 65nm, AZO with a thickness of 10nm, Ag with a thickness of 10nm, TiOx with a thickness of 10nm, AZO with a thickness of 12nm, and SiN with a thickness of 20nm.

[0093] In the second method, the thermal insulation film layer 24 may include the following stacked in sequence: ZnSnOx with a thickness of 25 nm, AZO with a thickness of 10 nm, Ag with a thickness of 12.5 nm, TiO with a thickness of 7 nm, ZnSnOx with a thickness of 55 nm, AZO with a thickness of 15 nm, Ag with a thickness of 13.5 nm, TiOx with a thickness of 10 nm, ZnSnOx with a thickness of 53 nm, AZO with a thickness of 12 nm, Ag with a thickness of 11.5 nm, and TiO with a thickness of 11 nm.

[0094] In this embodiment, the heat-insulating film layer 24 can be disposed on the side of the low-transmittance film layer 212 facing the outside of the vehicle, so that the heat-insulating film layer 24 can directly reflect the sunlight outside the vehicle, thereby reducing the energy of light entering the vehicle, so that the temperature inside the vehicle can be maintained at a suitable level, so that passengers and drivers have a better riding experience.

[0095] For another possible implementation, see Figure 7 , Figure 7 yes Figure 1Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 is shown. The second glass plate 22 includes a second glass body 221 and a low-emissivity film layer 222. One side of the second glass body 221 is connected to the intermediate layer 23, and the other side of the second glass body 221 is connected to the low-emissivity film layer 222. The emissivity of the second glass plate 22 is e≤0.3. Further, the emissivity of the second glass plate 22 is e≤0.25. Further, the emissivity of the second glass plate 22 is e≤0.2.

[0096] The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 22 is greater than or equal to 70%. Further, the visible light transmittance of the second glass body 221 is ≥88%. The second glass body 221 can be made of inorganic glass and / or organic glass materials, such as soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, etc.

[0097] It is known that the current composite skylight glass generally does not have a sunshade. Therefore, in order to reduce reflections inside the car, low-emissivity films are usually designed with low visible light reflectivity to improve occupant dizziness caused by reflections from the interior surfaces of the car.

[0098] In this embodiment, the thermal insulation film layer 24 can reflect sunlight and reduce the amount of sunlight entering the vehicle, thereby reducing the transmittance of visible light and infrared rays, thereby significantly reducing the temperature inside the vehicle and improving the comfort of the driver and passengers. In addition to reflecting light, the thermal insulation film layer 24 can also reduce the conduction of heat. This means that the thermal insulation film layer 24 can reduce the speed at which the temperature outside the vehicle is conducted into the vehicle through the laminated glass 20, further reducing the heat accumulation in the vehicle and keeping the vehicle cool.

[0099] The low-transmittance film layer 212 can reduce the transmittance of visible light by absorbing visible light, thereby reducing the amount of light entering the vehicle, thereby ensuring that the temperature inside the vehicle does not rise rapidly, thereby improving the comfort of the driver and passengers.

[0100] Since the low-transmittance film layer 212 can reduce the overall visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20, the laminated glass 20 does not need to be provided with an intermediate layer with low transmittance. Since the intermediate layer with low transmittance generally has a high production cost and is difficult to produce, the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application can reduce the production cost of the laminated glass 20 while reducing the visible light transmittance.

[0101] In addition, since the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application does not need to use an intermediate layer with low transmittance such as a gray film, the haze of the laminated glass 20 will not be affected by the gray film. The haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application is ≤4.5%. Reducing the haze of the laminated glass 20 can make the passenger's field of vision from the laminated glass 20 to the outside world clearer, thereby providing a better riding experience for the passenger.

[0102] The low-emissivity film layer 222 of the laminated glass 20 can maintain the temperature inside the vehicle by reducing radiation. The low-emissivity film layer 222 can reduce the radiation of light outside the vehicle, thereby preventing the outside environment from raising the temperature inside the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer 222 can also reduce the radiation of light inside the vehicle on the surface of the laminated glass 20, preventing a large amount of heat from flowing out of the vehicle, resulting in a drop in the temperature inside the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer 222 can also prevent occupants from being dizzy due to a large amount of light reflected on the surface of the laminated glass 20 facing the inside of the vehicle.

[0103] The optical performance of the laminated glass 20 is tested in the embodiment of the present application. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1 Optical performance test results of the laminated glass 20 of Examples 1-4.

[0105]

[0106] As can be seen from Table 1, the intermediate layer 23 of the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application uses a transparent intermediate layer 23 with a relatively high visible light transmittance TL2. The overall visible light transmittance TL1 of the low-transmittance film layer 212 and the glass body is up to 7.0%. In the embodiment, the value of TL1 / TL2 is up to 0.083. The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20 is less than 5.7%.

[0107] The present application also studies the haze of the laminated glass 20 of Examples 1-4, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0108] Table 2 shows the haze test structures of the laminated glass 20 of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0109]

[0110] In the laminated glass of the above comparative example, the middle layer is a gray film with low visible light transmittance and high preparation cost. As can be seen from the table, the haze of the laminated glass of the comparative example is higher than the haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application is lower than the haze of the laminated glass using the gray film. The low haze window glass makes the vehicle look brighter and more transparent as a whole, and improves the aesthetics of the vehicle.

[0111] In some other possible embodiments, see Figure 8 , Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 is shown. The first glass plate 21 of the laminated glass 20 faces the interior of the vehicle, and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can be connected to the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211 .

[0112] Different from the previous embodiment, the low-emissivity film layer 222 can be located on the first surface 2111 of the first glass body 211. In other words, the low-emissivity film layer 222 can be located on the surface of the first glass body 211 facing the interior of the vehicle. The heat-insulating film layer 24 of the laminated glass 20 can be located between the second glass plate 22 and the intermediate layer 23.

[0113] It should be noted that the laminated glass 20 of the embodiment of the present application may include a first glass body 211, a second glass body 221, an intermediate layer 23, a heat-insulating film layer 24, a low-transmittance film layer 212, and a low-emissivity film layer 222. The first glass body 211, the intermediate layer 23, and the second glass body 221 are stacked. The first glass body 211 may face the outside of the vehicle, and the second glass body 221 may face the inside of the vehicle. Alternatively, the first glass body 211 may face the inside of the vehicle, and the second glass body 221 may face the outside of the vehicle.

[0114] The heat-insulating film layer 24 may be located between the first glass body 211 and the intermediate layer 23. Alternatively, the heat-insulating film layer 24 may be located between the second glass body 221 and the intermediate layer 23.

[0115] The low-transmittance film layer 212 may be located between the first glass body 211 and the intermediate layer 23. Alternatively, the low-transmittance film layer 212 may be located between the second glass body 221 and the intermediate layer 23. Alternatively, the low-transmittance film layer 212 may be located on the side of the second glass body 221 facing away from the intermediate layer 23. The low-transmittance film layer 212 may be located on the side of the thermal insulation film layer 24 facing the interior of the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer 222 is located on the side of the second glass body 221 facing the interior of the vehicle.

[0116] In this embodiment, when the low-transmittance film layer 212 and the heat-insulating film layer 24 are both located between the first glass body 211 and the middle layer 23. Alternatively, when the low-transmittance film layer 212 and the heat-insulating film layer 24 are both located between the second glass body 221 and the middle layer 23, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can be independent. That is, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can be formed in different coating processes. Alternatively, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can also be a composite film layer structure, and the film layer has both heat-insulating and low-transmittance effects. That is, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can be directly formed in the same coating process. When the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 are designed as composite film layers, they will have both heat-insulating and low-transmittance effects. This design can provide effective heat-insulating effects while ensuring privacy or specific visual effects.

[0117] For example, the thermal insulation film layer 24 and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can be combined together by physical superposition in a multi-layer stacking manner to form a composite film layer with dual functions. Alternatively, materials with thermal insulation and low-transmittance properties can be blended during the preparation process by blending technology to form a uniform composite film layer. Alternatively, nanostructures can be designed and nanotechnology can be used to construct nanostructures with specific optical and thermal properties to achieve the dual effects of thermal insulation and low-transmittance.

[0118] In this embodiment, there is no specific limitation on the specific positions of the thermal insulation film layer 24 , the low-transmittance film layer 212 , and the low-emissivity film layer 222 , as long as the above-mentioned features are met.

[0119] In this embodiment, the visible light transmittance distribution of each layer and the whole of the laminated glass 20 can be adjusted, and the low-transmittance film layer 212 can be used instead of the gray glass or the gray intermediate layer to achieve the overall visible light transmittance TL3 of the laminated glass 20 ≤ 10%.

[0120] The embodiments of the present application are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that: include: A first glass plate, comprising a first glass body and a low-transmittance film layer, wherein the low-transmittance film layer is connected to a surface of the first glass body; a second glass plate; and an intermediate layer connected between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL1, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer is TL2, 6TL1≤TL2, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL3, TL3≤10%.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate is ≤14%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light reflectivity of the first glass plate ranges from 7% to 30%.

4. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The haze of the laminated glass is ≤4.5%.

5. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the first glass body is greater than or equal to 70%.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that: The total energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is ≤22.5%.

7. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The low-transmittance film layer includes at least two light absorbing layers and a high refractive index layer arranged between the two light absorbing layers. The material of the light absorbing layer is selected from at least one of W, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Si, and Zr. The refractive index of the high refractive index layer is ≥1.8 at a wavelength of 550nm.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥2, or ≥2.3, or ≥2.5, or ≥2.8, or ≥3 at a light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material of the high refractive index layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or selected from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or oxynitrides and mixtures thereof.

10. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The physical thickness of the low-transmittance film layer is 60nm to 500nm, or 70nm to 400nm, or 70nm to 350nm.

11. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The physical thickness of the high refractive index layer is 60nm to 100nm, or 70nm to 90nm, or 60nm to 80nm.

12. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmittance film layer is ≥10nm, or ≥20nm, or ≥25nm; and / or the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmittance film layer is ≤300nm, or ≤150nm, or ≤80nm, or ≤50nm.

13. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The physical thickness of one of the light absorbing layers is ≥5 nm, or ≥10 nm, or ≥15 nm; and / or the physical thickness of one of the light absorbing layers is ≤150 nm, or ≤100 nm, or ≤50 nm.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second glass plate includes a second glass body and a low-emissivity film layer, one side of the second glass body is connected to the intermediate layer, the other side of the second glass body is connected to the low-emissivity film layer, and the emissivity of the second glass plate is e≤0.

3.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 14, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is greater than or equal to 70%.

16. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is in the range of 25% to 94%.

17. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The laminated glass further comprises a heat-insulating film layer, which is connected between the first glass body and the low-transmittance film layer. The energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure formed by the heat-insulating film layer and the first glass body is ≥28%.

18. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The laminated glass further comprises a heat-insulating film layer, which is connected between the second glass plate and the intermediate layer, and the energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure of the heat-insulating film layer and the second glass plate is ≥28%.

19. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer is ≥40%.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a vehicle body and the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the laminated glass is connected to the vehicle body.

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