Transmission system and high-horsepower tractor

Abstract

The invention provides a transmission system and a high-horsepower tractor, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, the transmission system comprises an operation and display panel, a transmission control unit, a power unit, a traction motor and a gearbox; the transmission control unit comprises a transmission controller and a converter, the transmission controller is connected with the converter through a communication cable, and the transmission controller is connected with the operation and display panel through a communication cable; the power unit is connected with the converter through a communication cable; the high-voltage output end of the converter is connected with the high-voltage input end of the traction motor through a cable; the gearbox comprises a gearbox electromechanical unit and a gearbox gear set, the input end of the gearbox gear set is connected with an output shaft of the traction motor, and the gearbox electromechanical unit is connected with the transmission controller through a communication cable. Compared with the prior art, the transmission system has the advantages that the traction force, the speed and the total power of the tractor can be effectively controlled under the heavy-load operation condition, so that the working efficiency of the tractor is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a transmission system and a high-horsepower tractor. Background Art

[0002] A high-horsepower tractor is an agricultural machine that is mainly used for traction and tillage operations. This type of tractor generally has a large output power and is suitable for operations such as tillage and transportation of large areas of farmland.

[0003] However, for pure electric or electric drive tractors and hybrid tractors, the existing traction motor reduction ratio is fixed, or the number of reduction stages is very small, resulting in a relatively fixed traction force range, and the traction motor's own torque is difficult to fully cover the various complex traction conditions of the tractor, especially when operating at medium speed and heavy load, the traction motor has a high speed and is prone to enter a high-speed and low-torque range, resulting in a decrease in traction force and an increase in energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to achieve effective control of the tractor's traction, speed and total power under heavy-load working conditions, so as to improve the working efficiency of the tractor and reduce energy consumption.

[0005] The present invention provides a transmission system, comprising: an operation and display panel, a transmission control unit, a power unit, a traction motor and a gearbox;

[0006] The transmission control unit includes a transmission controller and a converter, wherein the transmission controller is connected to the converter via a communication cable, and the transmission controller is connected to the operation and display panel via a communication cable, and is used to receive and process an operation signal from the operation and display panel;

[0007] The power unit is connected to the converter via a communication cable, and the high-voltage output end of the power unit is connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter via a cable, the high-voltage output end of the converter is connected to the high-voltage input end of the traction motor via a cable, and the traction motor is connected to the converter via a communication cable and a signal cable respectively;

[0008] The gearbox includes a gearbox electromechanical unit and a gearbox gear set, the input end of the gearbox gear set is connected to the output shaft of the traction motor, and the gearbox electromechanical unit is connected to the transmission controller via a communication cable.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the transmission system provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects but is not limited to them:

[0010] The transmission system of the present invention is suitable for pure electric, hybrid, or other tractors with self-generated power or battery power. The traction motor speed and the gear position of the gearbox can be automatically or manually controlled according to the working conditions. Different control strategies are used under different working conditions to match the traction motor torque, speed, and total power with different gear ratios of the gearbox. Through the adjustment of the gearbox, it is easier to effectively control the tractor's traction force, speed, and total power under heavy-load working conditions, thereby improving the working efficiency of the tractor and reducing energy consumption.

[0011] Optionally, the power unit includes an engine and a generator, the output shaft of the engine is connected to the input shaft of the generator, the engine and the generator are respectively connected to the converter via communication cables, and the high-voltage output end of the generator is connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter via a cable.

[0012] Optionally, the engine is a diesel engine.

[0013] Optionally, the transmission system also includes a transmission shaft and a mechanical hydraulic pump, the rotor shafts of the generator and the traction motor are both hollow shafts, the transmission shaft passes through the rotor shafts of the generator and the traction motor respectively, and one end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the engine, and the other end is connected to the mechanical hydraulic pump.

[0014] Optionally, the transmission system further comprises a transfer case, wherein the transfer case is arranged between the transmission shaft and the hydraulic pump, and the transmission shaft and the hydraulic pump are respectively transmission-connected to the transfer case.

[0015] Optionally, the transmission gear set comprises a first output shaft and a second output shaft, wherein the first output shaft is used to connect to a front axle of the tractor, and the second output shaft is used to connect to a rear axle of the tractor.

[0016] Optionally, the gearbox is a manual gearbox or a semi-automatic gearbox.

[0017] Optionally, the traction motor is any one of a three-phase asynchronous motor, a three-phase synchronous motor, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a switched reluctance motor.

[0018] Optionally, the power unit is a power battery.

[0019] In addition, the present invention also provides a high-horsepower tractor, comprising the transmission system as described above.

[0020] Since the technical improvements and technical effects achieved by the high-horsepower tractor are the same as those of the transmission system, the technical effects of the high-horsepower tractor will not be described in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A communication diagram of a transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Description of reference numerals:

[0024] 1. Operation and display panel; 2. Transmission control unit; 21. Transmission controller; 22. Converter; 3. Power unit; 31. Engine; 32. Generator; 4. Traction motor; 5. Gearbox; 51. Gearbox electromechanical unit; 52. Gearbox gear set; 6. Drive shaft; 7. Mechanical hydraulic pump; 8. Transfer case; 9. Clutch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “back”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention. They do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "embodiment", "one embodiment" and "one implementation" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or implementation are included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or implementations in a suitable manner.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the transmission system of the embodiment of the present invention includes: an operation and display panel 1, a transmission control unit 2, a power unit 3, a traction motor 4 and a gearbox 5;

[0030] The transmission control unit 2 includes a transmission controller 21 and a converter 22, wherein the transmission controller 21 is connected to the converter 22 via a communication cable, and the transmission controller 21 is connected to the operation and display panel 1 via a communication cable, and is used to receive and process an operation signal from the operation and display panel 1;

[0031] The power unit 3 is connected to the converter 22 via a communication cable, and the high-voltage output end of the power unit 3 is connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter 22 via a cable, the high-voltage output end of the converter 22 is connected to the high-voltage input end of the traction motor 4 via a cable, and the traction motor 4 is connected to the converter 22 via a communication cable and a signal cable respectively;

[0032] The gearbox 5 includes a gearbox electromechanical unit 51 and a gearbox gear set 52 . The input end of the gearbox gear set 52 is connected to the output shaft of the traction motor 4 . The gearbox electromechanical unit 51 is connected to the transmission controller 21 via a communication cable.

[0033] Specifically, the operation and display panel 1 is the input source of the system, which is integrated in the instrument panel of the tractor cab, or the button-control panel-display panel is separately installed in different positions of the tractor cab. The operation and display panel 1 converts the operator's operation instructions for physical or touch screen buttons, pedals, handles, etc. into corresponding digital or analog signals, sends corresponding instructions to the transmission controller 21, and simultaneously accesses the communication bus and some controller and sensor signals, receives and converts the real-time operation status of the system into a visual interface for the operator's reference and maintenance fault analysis.

[0034] The power unit 3 includes an engine 31 (diesel engine) and a generator 32 on an electric drive tractor, a hybrid tractor, or a power battery on a pure electric tractor, which provides electrical energy for the transmission system; it communicates with the control device through a communication cable to achieve transmission of control signals and detection signals.

[0035] The transmission controller 21 is the core control component of the electric drive system, which is used to convert all digital or analog signals from the operation and display panel 1 into communication command signals, and coordinate and control the work of the power unit 3 and the converter 22 according to the command. For example, the transmission controller 21 can calculate the gear switching, the speed of the engine 31, the output power of the generator 32, the output power of the traction motor 4, the speed of the traction motor 4, the transmission ratio of the gearbox 5, the control strategy, other operating parameters, and coordinate the operation of various systems, control the output of electricity and energy recovery, control the engine 31 start, speed adjustment, shutdown and other actions; at the same time, monitor and record the operating status of each system in real time, and send the operating status and fault information to the communication bus.

[0036] The converter 22 is a common product in the industry, also known as a frequency converter, which is mainly composed of an IGBT (Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor) and auxiliary circuits of drive components. It is the core drive component of the electric drive system and is used for power conversion, waveform control, and directly driving the traction motor 4 to operate.

[0037] The traction motor 4 can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy under the drive of the converter 22 with different waveform electrical energy.

[0038] The gearbox 5 can be designed as 2 to 6 automatic shifting / power shifting mechanisms according to different needs through the corresponding actions of its own equipment / switch, so as to meet the power requirements of the tractor in different operating modes. At the same time, the operating mode can be switched or the transmission ratio (gear) can be changed without stopping during the operation of the tractor, and the appropriate operating speed and traction can be adjusted according to the operator's needs.

[0039] Combined with Figure 2 As shown, the various parts of the transmission system can be connected according to the attached Figure 2 The communication wiring is performed in the wiring method shown in the figure, where a is the operation and display panel 1, b is the transmission controller 21, c is the power unit 3, d is the converter 22, e is the traction motor 4, f is the gearbox electromechanical unit 51, g is the communication bus, and the attached Figure 2 The dotted lines in the figure are control and sensor cables. Figure 2 The solid lines in the figure are communication cables.

[0040] In this embodiment, combined with the attached Figure 1As shown, the operator's input command can be input into the operation and display panel 1, and the display panel 1 converts the input command into an operation signal, and the operation signal is input into the transmission controller 21 through the communication cable. The transmission controller 21 processes the operation signal, analyzes the real-time status of the power unit 3 and the gearbox 5, and converts the control parameters in the operation signal into corresponding digital control signals. The transmission controller 21 is connected to the converter 22 and the gearbox electromechanical unit 51 through the communication cable, and controls the coordinated work between the components according to the instruction requirements, and finally realizes the operator's instruction. The control end of the power unit 3 is connected to the converter 22 through the communication cable and is controlled by the converter 22, and the high-voltage output end of the power unit 3 is connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter 22 through the high-voltage cable, and provides the required electric energy to the converter 22 according to the control parameter requirements. The converter 22 can receive the instruction from the transmission controller 21 through the communication cable and the signal cable, and the converter 22 can transmit the instruction from the transmission controller 21 to the power unit 3 and the traction motor 4 through the communication cable and the signal cable, respectively, for driving and controlling the two to operate according to the instruction of the transmission controller 21. The high-voltage input end of the converter 22 is connected to the high-voltage output end of the power unit 3 through a cable, and the voltage, current, frequency and other parameters from the power unit 3 are adjusted under the instruction of the transmission controller 21. The high-voltage output end of the converter 22 is connected to the traction motor 4 through a high-voltage cable. The electric energy of the power unit 3 is input to the converter 22, and after the converter 22 adjusts the parameters such as the voltage, current, frequency and other parameters of the electric energy, it is supplied to the traction motor 4 through the cable, and finally the speed, torque and other operating parameters of the traction motor 4 are controlled. The high-voltage input end of the traction motor 4 is connected to the high-voltage output end of the converter 22, and is used to convert the electric energy into mechanical energy for the rotation of the output shaft of the traction motor 4. The output shaft of the traction motor 4 can be connected to the input end of the gearbox gear set 52 through a coupling. The control signal and sensor signal of the traction motor 4 interact with the converter 22 through the communication cable and the signal cable, and the speed and torque of the output shaft of the traction motor 4 are adjusted under the control of the converter 22. The power input end of the gearbox gear set 52 can be connected to the output shaft of the traction motor 4 through a coupling. The gearbox electromechanical unit 51 can control the switching actions of multiple groups of friction clutches or other control devices through corresponding solenoid valve switches according to the instructions of the transmission controller 21 to achieve gear shifting to change the gear ratio in the gearbox 5, thereby adjusting the torque and speed from the output shaft of the traction motor 4. The output shaft of the gearbox gear set 52 can be connected to the rear axle and / or front axle of the tractor to drive the tractor. Compared with the prior art, the transmission system of the present invention is suitable for pure electric, hybrid, or other tractors with self-generated power or battery power.The traction motor speed and gearbox gear position can be automatically or manually controlled according to the working conditions. Different control strategies are used under different working conditions to match the traction motor torque, speed, and total power with different gearbox ratios. Through the adjustment of the gearbox, it is easier to achieve effective control of the tractor's traction, speed, and total power under heavy-load working conditions, thereby improving the tractor's working efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0041] Optionally, the power unit 3 includes an engine 31 and a generator 32, the output shaft of the engine 31 is connected to the input shaft of the generator 32, the engine 31 and the generator 32 are respectively connected to the converter 22 via communication cables, and the high-voltage output end of the generator 32 is connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter 22 via a cable.

[0042] In this embodiment, combined with the attached Figure 1 As shown, the power unit 3 includes an engine 31 and a generator 32, wherein the output shaft of the engine 31 is rigidly connected to the input shaft of the generator 32 and keeps the same speed as the engine 31. The control end of the generator 32 can be connected to the converter 22 through a communication cable and controlled by the converter 22. The sensor signal of the generator 32 can be transmitted to the converter 22 through a signal cable to transmit the operating status in real time. The high-voltage output end of the generator 32 can be connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter 22 through a high-voltage cable to provide the required electric energy to the converter 22 according to the requirements of the control signal. The engine 31 can be connected to the converter 22 through a communication cable, interact with the converter 22 signal, and adjust the operating speed and output power according to the received control signal. The converter 22 can transmit the instructions from the transmission controller 21 to the generator 32 and the traction motor 4 through the communication cable and the signal cable respectively, so as to drive and control the two motors to operate according to the instructions of the transmission controller 21. The high-voltage input end of the converter 22 is connected to the high-voltage output end of the generator 32 through a cable, and the voltage, current, frequency and other parameters from the generator 32 are adjusted under the instruction of the transmission controller 21. The electric energy of the generator 32 is input to the converter 22, and after the converter 22 adjusts the parameters such as the voltage, current, frequency and other parameters of the electric energy, it is supplied to the traction motor 4 through the cable, and finally the operating parameters such as the speed and torque of the traction motor 4 are controlled.

[0043] Optionally, the engine 31 is a diesel engine.

[0044] In this embodiment, the main reasons for using a diesel engine in a tractor include high performance, high fuel efficiency, high torque output, strong durability and high reliability.

[0045] First, the fuel efficiency of diesel engines is more than 30% higher than that of gasoline engines. Diesel engines make fuller use of the thermal energy of fuel and can be more efficiently converted into mechanical energy, thus meeting the high efficiency requirements of tractors when working. In addition, the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of diesel engines are also relatively low, which makes them superior to gasoline engines in terms of application range and use areas.

[0046] Secondly, diesel engines have high torque output. Due to the high compression ratio of diesel engines, more torque can be generated, which makes diesel engines very suitable for heavy-load, low-speed industrial machinery, such as tractors. When tractors are plowing or pulling heavy equipment, they need high torque to overcome resistance, and diesel engines can provide such power output.

[0047] The diesel engine is durable. It has a simple structure and few parts, so it can maintain good working condition with regular cleaning and maintenance, reducing the frequency of repairs and replacements. This is very important for tractors that often work in harsh environments.

[0048] Diesel engines are highly reliable. They basically do not require the use of ignition devices and can operate stably in harsh working environments. Tractors often work in various natural conditions, including high temperatures, high altitudes, deserts, jungles, etc. The reliability of diesel engines makes it an ideal choice for tractor power sources.

[0049] Finally, it is economical. Considering that a tractor may require hundreds of kilowatt-hours of power a year, using a more fuel-efficient diesel engine can significantly reduce energy consumption and operating costs. At the same time, diesel engines are more adaptable to fuel quality and can maintain normal operation even with poor quality diesel.

[0050] Optionally, the transmission system also includes a transmission shaft 6 and a mechanical hydraulic pump 7. The rotor shafts of the generator 32 and the traction motor 4 are both hollow shafts. The transmission shaft 6 passes through the rotor shafts of the generator 32 and the traction motor 4 respectively, and one end of the transmission shaft 6 is connected to the output shaft of the engine 31, and the other end is connected to the mechanical hydraulic pump 7.

[0051] In this embodiment, the rotor shafts of the generator 32 and the traction motor 4 are both hollow shafts, and the transmission shaft 6 passes through the rotor shafts of the generator 32 and the traction motor 4 respectively. The transmission shaft 6 can be connected to the output shaft of the engine 31 through a coupling, and the transmission shaft 6 is responsible for supplying energy to the mechanical hydraulic pump 7. The mechanical hydraulic pump 7 can be a gear pump, which provides working pressure for the hydraulic system and provides power for the gear ratio adjustment of the gearbox electromechanical unit 51 through a hydraulic pipeline.

[0052] Optionally, the transmission system further includes a transfer case 8, wherein the transfer case 8 is disposed between the transmission shaft 6 and the mechanical hydraulic pump 7, and the transmission shaft 6 and the mechanical hydraulic pump 7 are respectively connected to the transfer case 8 in a transmission manner.

[0053] In this embodiment, a transfer case 8 is provided at the end of the transmission shaft 6 away from the engine 31, wherein the transmission shaft 6 is transmission-connected to the transfer case 8, and the transmission shaft 6 is transmission-connected to the mechanical hydraulic pump 7 through the transfer case 8. In this way, the transmission shaft 6 can supply energy to the mechanical hydraulic pump 7 and other loads of the tractor through the transfer case 8, wherein other loads can be connected to the transfer case 8 through the clutch 9, and the transfer case 8 can be connected or disconnected through the clutch 9 as needed.

[0054] Optionally, the transmission gear set 52 includes a first output shaft and a second output shaft, wherein the first output shaft is used to connect to the front axle of the tractor, and the second output shaft is used to connect to the rear axle of the tractor.

[0055] In this embodiment, the transmission gear set 52 has two output shafts, namely a first output shaft and a second output shaft, wherein the first output shaft can be connected to the rear axle of the tractor to drive the tractor, and the second output shaft can be connected to the front axle of the tractor to drive the front axle of the tractor.

[0056] Optionally, the gearbox 5 is a manual gearbox or a semi-automatic gearbox.

[0057] Optionally, the traction motor 4 is any one of a three-phase asynchronous motor, a three-phase synchronous motor, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a switched reluctance motor.

[0058] Optionally, the power unit 3 is a power battery.

[0059] In addition, the present invention also provides a high-horsepower tractor, comprising the transmission system as described above.

[0060] Since the technical improvements and technical effects achieved by the high-horsepower tractor are the same as those of the transmission system, the technical effects of the high-horsepower tractor will not be described in detail.

[0061] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission system, characterized in that: include: An operation and display panel (1), a transmission control unit (2), a power unit (3), a traction motor (4) and a gearbox (5); The transmission control unit (2) comprises a transmission controller (21) and a converter (22), wherein the transmission controller (21) is connected to the converter (22) via a communication cable, and the transmission controller (21) is connected to the operation and display panel (1) via a communication cable, and is used to receive and process operation signals from the operation and display panel (1); The power unit (3) is connected to the converter (22) via a communication cable, and the high-voltage output end of the power unit (3) is connected to the high-voltage input end of the converter (22) via a cable, the high-voltage output end of the converter (22) is connected to the high-voltage input end of the traction motor (4) via a cable, and the traction motor (4) is connected to the converter (22) via a communication cable and a signal cable respectively; The gearbox (5) comprises a gearbox electromechanical unit (51) and a gearbox gear set (52), the input end of the gearbox gear set (52) is connected to the output shaft of the traction motor (4), and the gearbox electromechanical unit (51) is connected to the transmission controller (21) via a communication cable.

2. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power unit (3) comprises an engine (31) and a generator (32), wherein an output shaft of the engine (31) is connected to an input shaft of the generator (32), the engine (31) and the generator (32) are respectively connected to the converter (22) via communication cables, and a high-voltage output end of the generator (32) is connected to a high-voltage input end of the converter (22) via a cable.

3. The transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The engine (31) is a diesel engine.

4. The transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a transmission shaft (6) and a mechanical hydraulic pump (7); the rotor shafts of the generator (32) and the traction motor (4) are both hollow shafts; the transmission shaft (6) passes through the rotor shafts of the generator (32) and the traction motor (4), respectively; one end of the transmission shaft (6) is connected to the output shaft of the engine (31), and the other end is connected to the mechanical hydraulic pump (7).

5. The transmission system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a transfer case (8), which is arranged between the transmission shaft (6) and the hydraulic pump, and the transmission shaft (6) and the hydraulic pump are respectively connected to the transfer case (8) in a transmission manner.

6. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission gear set (52) comprises a first output shaft and a second output shaft, wherein the first output shaft is used to connect to the front axle of the tractor, and the second output shaft is used to connect to the rear axle of the tractor.

7. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gearbox (5) is a manual gearbox or a semi-automatic gearbox.

8. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction motor (4) is any one of a three-phase asynchronous motor, a three-phase synchronous motor, a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a switched reluctance motor.

9. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power unit (3) is a power battery.

10. A high-horsepower tractor, characterized in that: Comprising a transmission system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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