Damping elastomer for vibration attenuation and elastic damping force calculation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a damping elastomer for vibration attenuation and an elastic damping force calculation method thereof, the effective control of vibration is realized by embedding an elastic unit in a polyurethane material, the damping elastomer combines the excellent characteristics of the polyurethane material and the elastic characteristics of the elastic unit, can effectively absorb and dissipate vibration energy, and has a good damping effect. And the damping effect is obviously improved. Meanwhile, the invention further provides an elastic damping force calculation method for the composite structure, the damping performance of a damping elastomer under different working conditions is accurately evaluated by establishing a mathematical model of the composite structure, utilizing parameters such as the Young modulus and the spring stiffness coefficient of a material and combining a numerical solution technology, a theoretical basis is provided for engineering design, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Wide application prospects are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration control and engineering materials, and in particular relates to a damping elastic body for vibration reduction and a method for calculating its elastic damping force. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial technology, various mechanical equipment and building structures are often affected by external vibrations during operation. Vibration not only causes the performance of equipment to decline, but may also cause structural fatigue, resulting in damage to equipment or buildings, and even catastrophic accidents in severe cases. Therefore, the research and application of vibration reduction technology is particularly important in the fields of mechanical engineering, civil engineering, transportation, aerospace, etc.

[0003] At present, traditional vibration reduction technology mainly relies on materials or devices such as rubber, metal springs, and hydraulic dampers. Rubber is widely used in various vibration reduction devices, such as engine mounts, building seismic pads, etc., due to its good elasticity and high damping characteristics. However, rubber materials are easily affected by environmental factors. As the use time increases, rubber materials may age and harden, resulting in a significant decrease in their vibration reduction performance. At the same time, the fatigue life of rubber is limited. It is easy to break or permanently deform under long-term high-frequency vibration or large deformation conditions, and then lose its vibration reduction function; metal springs are another common type of vibration reduction element, which mainly relies on elastic deformation to absorb vibration energy. Metal springs have good durability and long fatigue life, but their effect under low-frequency vibration conditions is limited. In addition, metal springs may experience metal fatigue and plastic deformation during long-term use, which affects their vibration reduction effect. Hydraulic dampers rely on the viscous resistance of the liquid to slow down vibration. They have excellent vibration reduction effects and are particularly suitable for vibration reduction of large buildings or high-precision equipment. However, hydraulic dampers have complex structures, high costs, and require regular maintenance and replacement of liquids, which increases the cost of use and the difficulty of maintenance. In addition, hydraulic dampers may experience unstable performance under high or low temperature conditions, limiting their application in extreme environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a damping elastic body for vibration reduction and a method for calculating the elastic damping force thereof, so as to overcome the problems of insufficient performance, short service life and high maintenance cost of existing vibration reduction structures.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A damping elastic body for vibration reduction comprises a polyurethane damping block and at least one elastic unit, wherein the elastic unit is nested in the polyurethane damping block, and the elastic unit has the same height as the polyurethane damping block.

[0006] Furthermore, the polyurethane damping block is manufactured by a mold forming method.

[0007] Furthermore, the steps of manufacturing the polyurethane damping block by a mold forming method are as follows: Pouring liquid polyurethane material into a pre-designed mold; After curing, a polyurethane damping block is obtained.

[0008] Furthermore, the elastic unit is arranged at the center of the polyurethane damping block.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic unit is a spring.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating the elastic damping force of a damping elastic body for vibration reduction, comprising the following steps: Calculate the equivalent elastic modulus and damping force of the polyurethane damping block; Based on the equivalent elastic modulus of the polyurethane damping block, the spring stiffness of the elastic unit is obtained; The elastic damping force is obtained by utilizing the damping force of the polyurethane damping block and the spring stiffness of the elastic unit in combination with the spring compression.

[0011] Furthermore, the elastic modulus formula of the equivalent elastic modulus of the polyurethane damping block is:

[0012] in, is the equivalent elastic modulus, is the Young's modulus of the polyurethane material, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the polyurethane material, is the Young's modulus of the spring material, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the spring material.

[0013] Furthermore, the damping force formula of the polyurethane damping block is:

[0014] is the damping force of the damping block, is the damping coefficient and v is the relative motion speed of the spring unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the spring stiffness formula of the elastic unit (2) is:

[0016] is the spring stiffness, is the shear modulus, For wire diameter, For diameter, The number of circles.

[0017] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the elastic damping force is:

[0018] in, is the elastic damping force, is the spring stiffness, is the spring compression, is the damping force of the damping block.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a damping elastomer for vibration reduction, which forms a composite structure with excellent vibration reduction performance by embedding an elastic unit in a polyurethane material, and has higher vibration reduction effect, longer service life and lower maintenance requirements; the high elasticity and durability of the polyurethane material are combined with the elastic characteristics of the elastic unit to achieve the purpose of effectively controlling vibration within a wide frequency range, so that the damping elastomer can effectively absorb and dissipate vibration energy within a wide frequency range, and significantly improve the vibration control effect.

[0020] Preferably, the polyurethane damping block is manufactured by a mold forming method, which can ensure the consistency of the shape, size and performance of the damping block, realize automated production, and improve production efficiency and quality stability. The mold forming method also allows the damping block to be designed with complex shapes to meet different application requirements.

[0021] Preferably, the elastic unit is arranged at the center of the polyurethane damping block, which can maximize the use of the elastic characteristics of the elastic unit and ensure that the damping block can be evenly stressed when vibrated, thereby improving the vibration reduction effect.

[0022] Preferably, a spring is used as the elastic unit, which can provide a stable elastic restoring force, and the stiffness and length of the spring can be adjusted as needed to meet different vibration reduction requirements.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for calculating the elastic damping force of a damping elastomer for vibration reduction. By establishing a mathematical model of a composite structure, utilizing parameters such as Young's modulus and spring stiffness coefficient of the material, and combining with numerical solution technology, the vibration reduction performance of the damping elastomer under different working conditions is accurately evaluated; by accurately calculating the elastic damping force, the actual performance of the shock absorber can be predicted in the design stage, thereby optimizing its structure and material selection; the damping elastomer can maintain a high-efficiency vibration reduction effect under a wider range of working conditions, while improving the durability and service life of the product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a polyurethane damping block for vibration reduction in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a polyurethane damping block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The flowchart of the method for calculating the elastic damping force of the damping elastic body for vibration reduction in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.

[0025] 1. Polyurethane damping block; 2. Elastic unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0028] Glossary Damping elastomer: It is a new type of polymer material with elastic and damping properties. It has both the elasticity of elastic materials and the damping effect of damping materials. It has the characteristics of elasticity and damping properties, wide damping temperature range, high loss factor and good insulation performance. It is used in construction, transportation, electronics and other fields.

[0029] Example 1 The present invention provides a damping elastic body for vibration reduction, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a polyurethane damping block 1 and at least one elastic unit 2 nested inside the polyurethane damping block 1, wherein the height of the elastic unit 2 is the same as that of the polyurethane damping block 1. By installing the elastic unit 2 in the polyurethane damping block 1, effective control of vibration is achieved. The elastic unit 2 is embedded in the polyurethane material to form a composite material, which can effectively improve the vibration reduction performance and reduce vibration transmission.

[0030] Example 2 The present invention provides a damping elastic body for vibration reduction, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a polyurethane damping block 1 and at least one elastic unit 2 nested inside the polyurethane damping block 1, wherein the height of the elastic unit 2 is the same as that of the polyurethane damping block 1. By adding the spring unit 2 in the polyurethane damping block 1, effective control of vibration is achieved. The elastic unit 2 is embedded in the polyurethane material to form a composite material, which can effectively improve the vibration reduction performance and reduce vibration transmission.

[0031] The elastic unit 2 is a spring, the number of the spring is 1, and the spring is located at the center of the polyurethane damping block 1; accordingly, a groove corresponding to the shape of the spring is opened in the center of the polyurethane damping block 1.

[0032] Example 3 In another embodiment of the present invention, the damping elastomer for vibration reduction includes a polyurethane damping block 1 and at least one elastic unit 2 nested inside the polyurethane damping block 1, wherein the height of the elastic unit 2 is the same as that of the polyurethane damping block 1. By adding the spring unit 2 inside the polyurethane damping block 1, effective control of vibration is achieved. By embedding the elastic unit 2 in the polyurethane material to form a composite material, the vibration reduction performance can be effectively improved and vibration transmission can be reduced.

[0033] The elastic unit 2 uses a spring. The difference from Example 2 is that there are multiple springs and they are evenly distributed in the polyurethane damping block 1. The springs do not contact each other and have the same parameters such as height, volume and material. Correspondingly, the polyurethane damping block 1 is provided with grooves with the same shape and number as the springs.

[0034] Example 4 The invention discloses a damping elastic body for vibration reduction, comprising a polyurethane damping block 1 and at least one elastic unit 2 nested inside the polyurethane damping block 1, wherein the height of the elastic unit 2 is the same as that of the polyurethane damping block 1.

[0035] Polyurethane materials have gradually become a hot topic in vibration reduction material research due to their excellent mechanical properties and processability. Polyurethane materials not only have good elasticity and durability, but also have excellent wear resistance and anti-aging properties, and can maintain a stable vibration reduction effect for a long time in various complex environments. However, a single polyurethane material may not provide sufficient damping effect in some application scenarios.

[0036] The damping elastomer combines the excellent properties of the polyurethane material and the elastic properties of the elastic unit 2. By embedding the elastic unit 2 in the polyurethane material, a new type of damping elastomer for vibration reduction is proposed. The damping elastomer combines the excellent properties of the polyurethane material and the elastic properties of the elastic unit 2, can effectively absorb and dissipate vibration energy, and significantly improve the vibration reduction effect.

[0037] The structure of the polyurethane damping block 1 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the elastic unit 2 is embedded in the polyurethane damper 1 through a mold forming method to form a composite structure. During use, the high elasticity and durability of the polyurethane material ensure the stability of the damping elastomer under long-term vibration conditions, and the embedding of the elastic unit 2 provides additional elastic restoring force, so that the entire structure can effectively absorb and dissipate energy when subjected to vibration impact, while maintaining a high structural integrity and vibration reduction effect. The steps of manufacturing the polyurethane damping block 1 by a mold forming method are as follows: Pouring liquid polyurethane material into a pre-designed mold; After curing, a polyurethane damping block is obtained.

[0038] Specifically, the polyurethane damping block 1 is a solid structure formed by pouring liquid polyurethane material into a pre-designed mold and curing it. The polyurethane material not only has good elasticity, but also has excellent wear resistance and anti-aging properties, and can maintain stable performance in harsh environments. In addition, the polyurethane material can also optimize its mechanical properties by adjusting its formula and process parameters to meet the vibration reduction requirements in different application scenarios. The polyurethane damping block 1 is tightly combined with the elastic unit 2 to form an overall structure that can effectively control vibration.

[0039] The detailed process of manufacturing polyurethane damping blocks by mold forming is as follows: Step 1: prepare a suitable mold according to the shape and size of the required polyurethane damping block, and apply or spray a layer of mold release agent on the surface of the mold; The mold is usually made of metal or other durable materials to ensure that it can withstand the required pressure and temperature during the molding process. The release agent is applied to prevent the polyurethane material from adhering to the mold after curing, thereby facilitating subsequent demoulding operations.

[0040] Step 2, preparing the raw materials of polyurethane, and mixing the raw materials evenly according to a specific ratio; Generally speaking, the raw materials of polyurethane include polyether polyol, isocyanate, curing agent and other possible additives such as damping agent.

[0041] Step 3: pour the mixed polyurethane raw materials into the prepared mold, close the mold, and apply appropriate pressure; During the pouring process, it is ensured that the raw material can evenly fill all parts of the mold to obtain the desired shape and size.

[0042] Step 4, taking out the cured polyurethane material from the mold; The length of the curing process depends on the type of reaction and the temperature. Usually, curing is required at a certain temperature and time to ensure that the polyurethane damping block can achieve the required performance. Once the curing is completed, open the mold and carefully remove the finished product. During the removal process, avoid damage or deformation of the finished product.

[0043] Step 5: trim and clean the finished product to remove excess edges, burrs or other impurities; Step 6: Conduct quality inspection on the finished product to ensure that it meets product standards and customer requirements; The inspection contents may include size, shape, hardness, damping performance and other aspects.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the elastic unit 2 adopts a spring structure, which is made of high-strength metal material and is specially processed to ensure that it has excellent fatigue performance and creep resistance under long-term vibration loads; the design of the spring includes determining its stiffness coefficient, shape and size to ensure that it can provide the best vibration reduction effect under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes. The spring forms an elastic support system in the polyurethane damping block 1. When subjected to external vibration, the spring can respond quickly and work together with the polyurethane material to effectively absorb and dissipate vibration energy, thereby protecting the entire structure from damage.

[0045] The design of the spring can be adjusted according to the specific application scenario to cope with vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes. The number, arrangement and material selection of the springs can be flexibly customized according to engineering requirements. In addition, the geometry and material formulation of the polyurethane damping block 1 can also be optimized according to the actual use environment. For example, in a high temperature environment, a polyurethane material with stronger heat resistance can be selected to maintain the stability of the vibration reduction effect. This modular design not only improves the adaptability of the damping elastomer, but also expands its scope of application, giving it broad application prospects in more fields.

[0046] The shock-absorbing damping elastomer mentioned in the present invention can improve the vibration reduction performance: by embedding the spring element into the polyurethane material to form a composite material, the vibration reduction performance can be effectively improved and the vibration transmission can be reduced; combining the characteristics of the spring and the polyurethane material, the designer can adjust the shape and layout of the spring as needed to achieve vibration control of different frequencies and amplitudes; the technology of the present invention can be widely used in various fields that require vibration reduction, such as automobiles, mechanical equipment, building structures, etc., to provide solutions to different vibration problems.

[0047] The present invention also provides a method for calculating the elastic damping force of a damping elastic body for vibration reduction, such as Figure 4 As shown, the following steps are included: Calculate the equivalent elastic modulus and damping force of the polyurethane damping block; Based on the equivalent elastic modulus of the polyurethane damping block, the spring stiffness of the elastic unit is obtained; The elastic damping force is obtained by utilizing the damping force of the polyurethane damping block and the spring stiffness of the elastic unit in combination with the spring compression.

[0048] Specifically, is the equivalent elastic modulus, is the Young's modulus of the polyurethane material, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the polyurethane material, is the Young's modulus of the spring material, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the spring material and the damping coefficient is Considering the composite structure formed by the combination of polyurethane material and spring, the equivalent elastic modulus of the polyurethane damper is , the equivalent elastic modulus of the urethane damping block 1 can be calculated; The number of coils of the spring is , the wire diameter is , the spring diameter is , the shear modulus is , the natural length is , the relative motion speed with the polyurethane damping block 1 is When the spring is made of ordinary steel, the shear modulus is , then: Spring stiffness The spring stiffness of the spring can be calculated .

[0049] According to the damping coefficient of the polyurethane damping block 1, , the relative motion speed of the spring unit is The damping force , the damping force of the polyurethane damping block 1 can be calculated .

[0050] According to the spring stiffness of the spring is , the damping force of the polyurethane damping block 1 is , while the polyurethane damping block for vibration reduction combines the contribution of spring stiffness and damping force, so the equivalent spring damping force .

[0051] The present invention provides a new calculation method for accurately calculating the elastic damping force, which can predict the actual performance of the shock absorber in the design stage, thereby optimizing its structure and material selection; through precise calculation and optimized design, the damping elastomer of the present invention can maintain a high-efficiency vibration reduction effect under a wider range of working conditions, while improving the durability and service life of the product.

[0052] The following is an example of a specific method for calculating the elastic damping force of a damping elastic body for vibration reduction: First, the polyurethane damping block 1 and the spring unit 2 are prepared, and their properties are measured during casting. The Young's modulus of the polyurethane damping block 1 is measured. : 10MPa, damping coefficient is :200 Ns / m. Spring unit number of turns : 10 turns, wire diameter : 2mm, spring diameter : 20mm, spring material Poisson's ratio v: 0.3. Then the spring shear modulus , spring stiffness m. Since the relative motion speed of the spring unit is 0.1 m / s, the damping force , and the spring compression is 0.01m, then the equivalent spring damping force is , by measuring the vibration frequency and amplitude, it was verified that the damping elastomer has good vibration reduction performance under low-frequency vibration (<50 Hz).

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, a process for manufacturing a vibration damping elastic body is provided, wherein the vibration damping elastic body is composed of a polyurethane material and an embedded metal spring. First, a polyurethane material suitable for vibration control of mechanical equipment is selected, and its Young's modulus is is 10 MPa, the damping coefficient The force is 150 Ns / m. The polyurethane material is heated to liquid state, poured into the mold, and a metal spring is embedded in the center of the mold. The spring parameters are: number of turns 12, wire diameter 2 mm, spring diameter After the polyurethane is cured in the mold, a side length of =50 mm cube damping block. By measuring the vibration frequency and amplitude, it is verified that the damping elastic body has good vibration reduction performance under low-frequency vibration (<50 Hz). The equivalent damping force is calculated according to the formula Calculations show that the vibration reduction effect is significant.

[0054] In another embodiment of the present invention, a vibration reduction application of a damping elastic body for vibration reduction in large equipment is provided, wherein the damping elastic body used is a large-sized polyurethane material with a side length of =100mm, Young's modulus ) is 8 MPa, the damping coefficient The spring has a force of 250 Ns / m. 15, wire diameter 3 mm, spring diameter The damping body is installed on the support system of the equipment and is mainly used to suppress the medium-frequency vibration (50-100 Hz) generated during the operation of the equipment. By analyzing the response of the damping body at different vibration speeds, it is found that the damping force Proportional to the speed, the damping elastomer can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude transmitted from the equipment to the foundation and reduce fatigue damage to mechanical equipment.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention, a damping elastic body for vibration reduction is provided for use in vibration control of high-precision instruments, wherein a polyurethane material with high damping properties is selected, and Young's modulus is is 12 MPa, and the damping coefficient is 300 Ns / m. The side length of the cube damper is \( L_u = 30 \) mm, and the spring parameters are: number of turns 8, wire diameter 1.5 mm, spring diameter Since the high-precision instrument is sensitive to tiny vibrations, in this embodiment, the damping body is installed under the base of the instrument. By real-time monitoring of the vibration frequency and amplitude, the equivalent damping spring force is calculated. , which exhibits excellent vibration reduction effect in the frequency range of 10-50 Hz, successfully suppressing the interference of micro-vibration on the measurement results.

[0056] In another embodiment of the present invention, a damping elastic body for vibration reduction is provided for use in a vibration reduction system of a building structure, wherein a polyurethane material is used as a damping block, and the side length = 150 mm, damping coefficient = 500 Ns / m, Young's modulus = 9 MPa. Spring parameters are: Number of turns = 18, wire diameter = 5 mm, spring diameter = 40 mm. The damping body is embedded in the vibration isolation system at the bottom of the building, mainly used to resist the impact of earthquakes or external mechanical vibrations. Through experimental tests, the damping elastomer can effectively reduce the low-frequency and medium-frequency vibration amplitudes of the building. The calculated equivalent damping force shows that the damping system can reduce the vibration amplitude by about 70%, thereby greatly improving the stability and durability of the building structure.

[0057] The invention is applicable to the fields of mechanical equipment, building structures, etc. and has high engineering application value.

[0058] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A damping elastic body for vibration reduction, characterized in that: It comprises a polyurethane damping block (1) and at least one elastic unit (2), wherein the elastic unit (2) is nested in the damping block (1), and the elastic unit (2) has the same height as the polyurethane damping block (1).

2. A vibration damping elastic body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane damping block (1) is manufactured by a mold forming method.

3. A vibration damping elastic body according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of manufacturing the polyurethane damping block (1) by a mold forming method are as follows: Pouring liquid polyurethane material into a pre-designed mold; After curing, a polyurethane damping block is obtained.

4. The vibration damping elastic body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic unit (2) is arranged at the center of the polyurethane damping block (1).

5. The vibration damping elastic body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic unit (2) is a spring.

6. A method for calculating the elastic damping force of the vibration reduction damping elastic body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Calculate the equivalent elastic modulus and damping force of the polyurethane damping block (1); Based on the equivalent elastic modulus of the polyurethane damping block (1), the spring stiffness of the elastic unit (2) is obtained; The elastic damping force is obtained by utilizing the damping force of the polyurethane damping block (1) and the spring stiffness of the elastic unit (2) in combination with the spring compression amount.

7. A method for calculating elastic damping force according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic modulus formula of the equivalent elastic modulus of the polyurethane damping block (1) is: in, is the equivalent elastic modulus, is the Young's modulus of the polyurethane material, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the polyurethane material, is the Young's modulus of the spring material, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the spring material.

8. The elastic damping force calculation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The damping force formula of the polyurethane damping block (1) is: in, is the damping force of the damping block, is the damping coefficient and v is the relative motion speed of the spring unit.

9. The method for assembling a vibration-reducing damping elastic body according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spring stiffness formula of the elastic unit (2) is: is the spring stiffness, is the shear modulus, For wire diameter, For diameter, The number of circles.

10. The method for assembling a vibration-reducing damping elastic body according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the elastic damping force is: in, is the elastic damping force, is the spring stiffness, is the spring compression, is the damping force of the damping block.

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