Vertical shaft heading machine pilot-tunnel-free starting device and vertical shaft heading machine pilot-tunnel-free starting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-pilot-tunnel starting device and a non-pilot-tunnel starting method for a vertical shaft heading machine. The non-pilot-tunnel starting device and the non-pilot-tunnel starting method for the vertical shaft heading machine solve the problems that in the prior art, vertical shaft starting depends on pilot tunnel starting and cannot adapt to vertical shaft heading machines of various diameters. The pilot tunnel-free starting device of the vertical shaft heading machine comprises a plurality of supporting ring units which are coaxially arranged, and every two vertically adjacent supporting ring units are detachably connected; each supporting ring unit is of an annular supporting structure composed of a plurality of plate-column assemblies and a plurality of reducing assemblies, and the reducing assemblies are detachably connected with the adjacent plate-column assemblies and / or every two adjacent plate-column assemblies. According to the pilot-tunnel-free starting device for the vertical shaft heading machine, the multiple layers of supporting ring units are matched with one another, so that the pilot-tunnel-free starting device is adaptive to rapid assembly and starting of vertical shaft heading machines with different heights. Vertical shaft heading machines of various types and different diameters can be assembled and debugged through the variable-diameter assembly, and the adaptability of the assembling device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, in particular to a vertical shaft non-pilot tunnel launching device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of infrastructure construction such as mining, hydropower, and transportation, vertical shaft projects are increasing. Compared with the traditional vertical shaft construction methods, which have the disadvantages of high difficulty, harsh environment, and high risk factor, vertical shaft boring machines are increasingly widely used in vertical shaft projects due to their advantages such as fast excavation speed and high construction efficiency. The assembly and commissioning of vertical shaft boring machines is a prerequisite for their normal operation. At present, vertical shaft boring machines have various specifications and different diameters, and lack a unified assembly and commissioning method. Specific assembly and commissioning plans need to be formulated for each device, which seriously affects construction efficiency and cost.

[0003] At present, the assembly and commissioning of shaft boring machines are mostly carried out in the starting pilot tunnel. For example, the invention patent with publication number CN111852481A proposes a shaft boring machine assembly and construction method, but it has problems such as long excavation period of the starting pilot tunnel, high construction cost, and difficulty in reuse. Therefore, it is necessary to design a shaft boring machine starting device with variable diameter, high adaptability, and no need for a starting pilot tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention proposes a shaft boring machine non-pilot tunnel starting device and a shaft boring machine non-pilot tunnel starting method, which solves the problem that the shaft starting in the prior art depends on the starting pilot tunnel and cannot adapt to shaft boring machines of various diameters.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a shaft boring machine non-pilot tunnel starting device includes a plurality of coaxially arranged support ring units, and two upper and lower adjacent support ring units are detachably connected; the support ring unit is an annular support structure composed of a plurality of plate-column assemblies and a plurality of variable diameter assemblies, and the variable diameter assembly is detachably connected to the adjacent plate-column assemblies and / or between two adjacent plate-column assemblies.

[0006] Preferably, the plate-column assembly includes at least two column bodies, a plurality of parallel cross braces are provided between two adjacent column bodies, arc-shaped rib plates are provided on the inner sides of the column bodies and the cross braces, and diagonal braces are provided on the outer sides of the column bodies; the diagonal braces are used to improve the stability of the device, and the arc-shaped rib plates are adapted to the vertical shaft shield machine with a circular cross-section.

[0007] Further preferably, the diagonal brace comprises N inclined brace rods, N≥1, and a reinforcing rod is provided between the brace rods and the column body. The length of the diagonal brace can be adjusted according to the height of the support ring unit to improve the stability of the column body and the support ring unit.

[0008] Further preferably, the connecting side of the column body is provided with a plurality of connecting cross bars arranged in an inclined plane along the axial direction, and the connecting end of the connecting cross bar is provided with a first flange, and the first flange is used for the circumferential detachable connection of the device; the upper ends of the column body are provided with a second flange; the second flange is used for the vertical detachable connection.

[0009] Further preferably, a shoe support is detachably provided on the inner wall of the arc rib plate to provide support for the installation of the shoe of the shaft boring machine, which is convenient for assembly. A connecting rib plate is provided on the outer wall of the arc rib plate, and the connecting rib plate is fixedly connected to the cross brace to ensure the stability of the arc rib plate.

[0010] Further preferably, the reducer assembly includes a left flange and a right flange, a retractable sleeve and at least two retractable driving members are provided between the left flange and the right flange, and the retractable driving member adjusts the distance between the left flange and the right flange. Preferably, the retractable driving member is a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder or a turnbuckle bolt.

[0011] Further preferably, the connecting sides of the left flange and the right flange are both provided with connecting cross bars, and the connecting ends of the connecting cross bars are provided with third flanges; and reinforcing ribs are provided between the sleeve and the right flange or the left flange.

[0012] Further preferably, the first layer of support ring units located at the bottom is fixed on the steel plate; the diameter-changing components of several support ring units are located in the same direction, so as to facilitate the rapid and stable adjustment of the diameters of the support ring units.

[0013] A method for starting a shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel, using the device for starting a shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel; the specific process is as follows: S1. Pour concrete at the site to be launched and lay steel plates, ensuring that the surface flatness of the steel plates is ±5mm; S2. Set support piers at designated locations on the steel plate, then hoist the cutterhead and place it on the support piers; S3. Hoist the main drive and connect the main drive to the cutter head; S4. Determine the number of layers of support ring units according to the size of the shaft boring machine, and adjust the reducer assembly according to the diameter of the shaft boring machine so that the diameter of the support ring unit matches the diameter of the shaft boring machine; then install the first layer of support ring units and the second layer of support ring units in sequence from bottom to top on the steel plate with the cutterhead as the center, and connect the support ring units with bolts; S5. Install the swivel joint and hoist the center support; S6. Assemble the gripper propulsion system, fix the gripper of the gripper propulsion system to the gripper support with a steel section and install a fixing device on the top to withstand the propulsion reaction force, keep the gripper vertical, and prevent the gripper from bending down; S7. After assembly, connect equipment pipelines and conduct commissioning; S8. After debugging is normal, remove the supporting piers; the shaft boring machine starts to dig downward; the shaft boring machine is started without a pilot tunnel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts a shaft boring machine without a guide tunnel starting device, and cooperates with multiple layers of support ring units to adapt to the rapid assembly and starting of shaft boring machines of different heights. In addition, the present invention can assemble and debug various types of shaft boring machines of different diameters through a variable diameter component, thereby improving the adaptability of the assembly device; finally, the present invention divides the assembly device into multiple layers, which not only reduces the difficulty of transportation, but also can assemble and debug a single component, the whole or different heights of the equipment according to the actual needs of the project. The variable diameter shaft boring machine without a guide tunnel starting method of the present invention effectively avoids the excavation of the starting guide tunnel, greatly shortens the assembly and debugging cycle of the shield machine, and improves the starting efficiency while ensuring safe starting. The present invention has the advantages of a short assembly and debugging cycle, low debugging cost, and strong versatility, and can maximize construction efficiency and avoid waste of resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional isometric schematic diagram of the pilot-hole-free launching device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the pilot-hole-free launching device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plate-column assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the starting cutterhead without a pilot hole; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation of the pilot tunnel of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the initial excavation without a pilot tunnel of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure, the support ring unit 100, the plate-column assembly 1, the column body 11, the first flange 12, the diagonal brace 13, the cross brace rod 14, the arc rib plate 15, the support shoe support 16, the connecting cross bar 17, the second flange 18, the connecting rib plate 19, the reinforcing rod 110, the reducer assembly 2, the telescopic drive member 21, the sleeve 22, the reinforcing rib 23, the left flange 24, the right flange 25, the connecting cross bar 26, the third flange 27, the steel plate 6, the cutter head 31, the support pier 32, the main drive 41, the swivel joint 61, the center support 62, the support shoe propulsion system 71, the adjustment cylinder 72, the propulsion cylinder 73, the support shoe 74, and the fixing device 75. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, in Example 1, a shaft boring machine non-pilot tunnel starting device includes a plurality of coaxially arranged support ring units 100, two upper and lower adjacent support ring units are detachably connected, and when the support ring unit is an arc structure, it is adapted to a shaft boring machine with a circular cross-section; in actual construction, the shape of the support ring unit 100 can also be adjusted according to the cross-sectional shape of the shaft boring machine. In this embodiment, a circular shaft boring machine and a circular support ring unit are taken as examples. Specifically, the support ring unit 100 is an annular support structure composed of a plurality of plate-column assemblies 1 and a plurality of reducer assemblies 2, and the reducer assemblies 2 are detachably connected to adjacent plate-column assemblies 1 and / or between two adjacent plate-column assemblies 1. The number of plate-column assemblies 1 and reducer assemblies 2 is selected according to the diameter of the boring machine, and each support ring unit 100 includes at least one reducer assemblies 2 to achieve the diameter change of the support ring unit.

[0020] In this embodiment, each plate-column assembly 1 preferably includes at least two columns 11, the columns are of equal height, and a plurality of parallel horizontal braces 14 are provided between two adjacent columns 11. The inner sides of the columns 11 and the horizontal braces 14 are provided with arc-shaped ribs 15, and the horizontal braces are provided on the outer sides of the ribs to support the ribs and prevent deformation. The outer sides of the columns 11 are provided with diagonal braces 13; the upper part of the diagonal braces is welded to the outer side of the columns, and the bottom is provided with flanges, which are mainly used to support the columns and strengthen the radial support strength of the columns.

[0021] like Figure 2As shown, in Example 2, a shaft boring machine non-pilot starting device includes a plurality of coaxially arranged support ring units 100, two upper and lower adjacent support ring units are detachably connected, and when the support ring unit is an arc structure, it is adapted to a shaft boring machine with a circular cross-section; in actual construction, the shape of the support ring unit 100 can also be adjusted according to the cross-sectional shape of the shaft boring machine. In this embodiment, a circular shaft boring machine and a circular support ring unit are taken as examples. Specifically, the support ring unit 100 is an annular support structure composed of a plurality of plate-column assemblies 1 and a plurality of reducer assemblies 2, and the reducer assemblies 2 are detachably connected to adjacent plate-column assemblies 1 and / or between two adjacent plate-column assemblies 1. The number of plate-column assemblies 1 and reducer assemblies 2 is selected according to the diameter of the boring machine, and each support ring unit 100 includes at least one reducer assemblies 2 to achieve the diameter change of the support ring unit.

[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, as a preference, each plate-column assembly 1 includes at least two columns 11, the columns are of equal height, and a plurality of parallel horizontal braces 14 are provided between two adjacent columns 11. The inner sides of the columns 11 and the horizontal braces 14 are provided with arc-shaped ribs 15, and the horizontal braces are provided on the outer sides of the ribs to support the ribs and prevent deformation. The outer sides of the columns 11 are provided with diagonal braces 13; the upper part of the diagonal braces is welded to the outer side of the columns, and the bottom is provided with flanges, which are mainly used to support the columns and strengthen the radial support strength of the columns.

[0023] The difference from the first embodiment is that the diagonal brace 13 in this embodiment includes N inclined brace rods, N≥1, and a reinforcing rod 110 is provided between the brace rod and the column body 11. It should be noted that the length of the diagonal brace can be adjusted according to the height of the support ring unit to improve the stability of the column body and the support ring unit. The diagonal brace can also be connected only to the columns of the first and second layers of the support ring units, mainly to support the columns, strengthen the radial support strength of the columns and the stability of the support ring units.

[0024] In this embodiment, the connecting side of the column body 11 is provided with a plurality of connecting cross bars 17 arranged in a plane inclined along the axial direction. The connecting cross bars arranged in a plane inclined are cross bars inclined inward relative to the column body 11 to ensure the curvature of the supporting ring unit, so that it is more suitable for the assembly of the tunnel boring machine. The connecting end of the connecting cross bar 17 is provided with a first flange 12, which is used to connect adjacent flanges to achieve circumferential detachable connection of the device. The upper ends of the column body 11 are provided with second flanges 18, which are used for detachable connection of two vertically adjacent columns.

[0025] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the arc rib plate 15 is detachably provided with a gripper shoe support 16; the gripper shoe support 16 can be only arranged in the upper support ring unit, and its main purpose is to adapt to the cooperation with the gripper shoe during the assembly process of the tunnel boring machine and provide support for the gripper shoe. The outer wall of the arc rib plate 15 is provided with a connecting rib plate 19, which is fixedly connected to the cross brace rod 14 to ensure a close connection with the arc rib plate 15, and is used to support the arc rib plate to prevent deformation.

[0026] In this embodiment, as preferred, Figure 4 As shown, the reducing assembly 2 includes a left flange 24 and a right flange 25, and a retractable sleeve 22 and at least two retractable driving members 21 are arranged between the left flange 24 and the right flange 25; the sleeve is arranged at the center of the reducing assembly, and the retractable driving members 21 are arranged on both sides of the sleeve to push the supporting ring unit to change its diameter. The retractable driving member 21 adjusts the distance between the left flange 24 and the right flange 25 through its active retractable action to achieve the purpose of changing the diameter of the supporting ring unit. The retractable driving member 21 is a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder or a basket bolt member. In this embodiment, taking the hydraulic cylinder as an example, two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sleeve to provide a stable thrust for the diameter change of the supporting ring unit.

[0027] In this embodiment, as a preference, a connecting cross bar 26 is provided on the connecting side of the left flange 24 and the connecting side of the right flange 25, and a third flange 27 is provided at the connecting end of the connecting cross bar 26. The third flange is circumferentially connected to the first flange to achieve a firm connection between the reducing assembly and the plate-column assembly; a reinforcing rib 23 is provided between the sleeve 22 and the right flange 25 or the left flange 24 to reinforce the support sleeve 22 to ensure its stable diameter change.

[0028] Embodiment 3, a shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel starting device, the first layer of support ring units located at the bottom is fixed on the steel plate 6; the reducer components 2 of several support ring units are located in the same direction. In this embodiment, three layers of support ring units are taken as an example, each layer of support ring units includes four groups of plate column components 1 and four groups of reducer components 2, and the plate column components 1 and the reducer components 2 are arranged at intervals to form an octagonal arrangement.

[0029] Specifically, the support ring unit 100 is an annular support structure composed of a plurality of plate column assemblies 1 and a plurality of diameter reducing assemblies 2, and the diameter reducing assemblies 2 are detachably connected to adjacent plate column assemblies 1 and / or between two adjacent plate column assemblies 1. The number of plate column assemblies 1 and diameter reducing assemblies 2 is selected according to the diameter of the tunnel boring machine, and each support ring unit 100 includes at least one diameter reducing assembly 2 to achieve diameter change of the support ring unit.

[0030] In this embodiment, each plate-column assembly 1 preferably includes at least two columns 11, the columns are of equal height, and a plurality of parallel horizontal braces 14 are provided between two adjacent columns 11. The inner sides of the columns 11 and the horizontal braces 14 are provided with arc-shaped ribs 15, and the horizontal braces are provided on the outer sides of the ribs to support the ribs and prevent deformation. The outer sides of the columns 11 are provided with diagonal braces 13; the upper part of the diagonal braces is welded to the outer side of the columns, and the bottom is provided with flanges, which are mainly used to support the columns and strengthen the radial support strength of the columns.

[0031] The difference from the first embodiment is that the diagonal brace 13 in this embodiment includes N inclined brace rods, N≥1, and a reinforcing rod 110 is provided between the brace rod and the column body 11. It should be noted that the length of the diagonal brace can be adjusted according to the height of the support ring unit to improve the stability of the column body and the support ring unit. The diagonal brace can also be connected only to the columns of the first and second layers of the support ring units, mainly to support the columns, strengthen the radial support strength of the columns and the stability of the support ring units.

[0032] In this embodiment, the connecting side of the column body 11 is provided with a plurality of connecting cross bars 17 arranged in a plane inclined along the axial direction. The connecting cross bars arranged in a plane inclined are cross bars inclined inward relative to the column body 11 to ensure the curvature of the supporting ring unit, so that it is more suitable for the assembly of the tunnel boring machine. The connecting end of the connecting cross bar 17 is provided with a first flange 12, which is used to connect adjacent flanges to achieve circumferential detachable connection of the device. The upper ends of the column body 11 are provided with second flanges 18, which are used for detachable connection of two vertically adjacent columns.

[0033] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the arc rib plate 15 is detachably provided with a gripper shoe support 16; the gripper shoe support 16 can be only arranged in the upper support ring unit, and its main purpose is to adapt to the cooperation with the gripper shoe during the assembly process of the tunnel boring machine and provide support for the gripper shoe. The outer wall of the arc rib plate 15 is provided with a connecting rib plate 19, which is fixedly connected to the cross brace rod 14 to ensure a close connection with the arc rib plate 15, and is used to support the arc rib plate to prevent deformation.

[0034] In this embodiment, as a preference, the reducing assembly 2 includes a left flange 24 and a right flange 25, and a retractable sleeve 22 and at least two retractable driving members 21 are provided between the left flange 24 and the right flange 25; the sleeve is arranged at the center of the reducing assembly, and the retractable driving members 21 are arranged on both sides of the sleeve to push the supporting ring unit to change its diameter. The retractable driving member 21 adjusts the distance between the left flange 24 and the right flange 25 through its active retractable action, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the diameter of the supporting ring unit. The retractable driving member 21 is a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder or a basket bolt member. In this embodiment, taking the hydraulic cylinder as an example, two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sleeve to provide a stable thrust for the diameter change of the supporting ring unit.

[0035] In this embodiment, as a preference, a connecting cross bar 26 is provided on the connecting side of the left flange 24 and the connecting side of the right flange 25, and a third flange 27 is provided at the connecting end of the connecting cross bar 26. The third flange is circumferentially connected to the first flange to achieve a firm connection between the reducing assembly and the plate-column assembly; a reinforcing rib 23 is provided between the sleeve 22 and the right flange 25 or the left flange 24 to reinforce the support sleeve 22 to ensure its stable diameter change.

[0036] In this embodiment, the upper part of the diagonal brace is welded to the outside of the column, and a flange is provided at the bottom. The diagonal brace exists on the first and second layer columns, and is mainly used to support the columns and strengthen the radial support strength of the columns. A reinforcing rod is provided between the second layer column and the diagonal brace. The left flange 24 and the right flange 25 are connected to the first flange 12 of the left and right sides of the connecting cross bar 17. When the diameter of the support ring unit is changed, the hydraulic cylinder extends its piston rod to push the diameter reducing assembly to expand and contract, so as to achieve the diameter change of the support ring unit.

[0037] In this example, the support ring unit has two working modes: non-variable / variable. The non-variable working mode is as follows: First, the hydraulic cylinder of the variable diameter assembly does not work, and the variable diameter assembly maintains its original length. Second, install the first layer of the support ring unit, fix the outer diagonal brace, column body, and column diagonal brace on the steel plate, and connect the variable diameter assembly and the column through the connecting column. Third, assemble other layers reasonably according to the size of the shaft boring machine, and fix each layer through the column flange.

[0038] When the diameter of the device needs to be changed for shaft boring machines of different diameters, the working process of the support ring unit includes but is not limited to the following steps: First, determine the required extension length of the variable diameter component according to the diameter of the shaft boring machine. Second, adjust the length of the variable diameter component. Third, install the support ring unit (the process is the same as the non-variable diameter working mode).

[0039] In the variable diameter shaft boring machine starting device of the present invention, as described above, by setting a variable diameter assembly in the middle of the connecting column, the starting device is changed in diameter by means of the hydraulic cylinder pushing and sleeve supporting in the variable diameter assembly, so that the starting device is applicable to shaft boring machines of different diameters. Considering the need to debug a single component separately during the debugging process, the starting device is designed to be multi-layered, and each layer is fixed by a column flange and a diagonal brace. If the whole equipment needs to be debugged, the starting device can be installed in three layers. If only a single component is debugged and installed, it only needs to be installed in two layers. In actual projects, the starting device can be reasonably installed according to the debugging requirements.

[0040] Embodiment 4 A method for starting a shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel is provided, using the device for starting a shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel as described in Embodiment 2 or 3; Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the specific process is as follows: S1. Pour concrete at the site to be launched and lay steel plates 6 to ensure that the surface flatness of the laid steel plates is ±5mm; specifically, laser sensors are installed around the installation area of ​​the launching device to monitor the flatness of the bottom steel plates to ensure that the surface flatness of the bottom steel plates is ±5mm, ensuring that the device will not tilt as a whole. In addition, a series of threaded holes are opened on the steel plates to facilitate the subsequent installation of the device.

[0041] S2. A support pier 32 is set at a designated position on the steel plate 6, and then the cutter head 31 is hoisted and placed on the support pier 32; the support pier 32 provides vertical stability support for the cutter head at this time.

[0042] S3. Hoist the main drive 41 and connect the main drive 41 to the cutter head 31.

[0043] S4. Determine the number of layers of the support ring unit 100 according to the size of the shaft boring machine, and adjust the reducer assembly 2 according to the diameter of the shaft boring machine so that the diameter of the support ring unit 100 matches the diameter of the shaft boring machine; then install the first layer of support ring units and the second layer of support ring units in sequence from bottom to top on the steel plate 6 with the cutterhead 31 as the center, and connect the support ring units with bolts.

[0044] S5. Install the swivel joint 61 and hoist the central support 62.

[0045] S6. Assemble the support shoe propulsion system 71, fix the support shoe 74 of the support shoe propulsion system 71 with steel and the support shoe support 16 and install a fixing device 75 on the top to withstand the propulsion reaction force, keep the support shoe vertical, and prevent the support shoe from bending down; also connect the propulsion cylinder 73 and the adjustment cylinder 72.

[0046] S7. After assembly, connect equipment pipelines and carry out debugging work.

[0047] S8. After debugging is normal, the support pier 32 is removed; the shaft boring machine starts to dig downward; the shaft boring machine starts without a pilot tunnel. After the digging process is completed, the bottom gripper of the gripper propulsion system extends out and is placed on the gripper support 16, the top gripper is retracted, and the propulsion cylinder 73 is retracted, completing the step change and starting the next digging process.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the use of this variable-diameter shaft boring machine assembly and non-pilot tunnel starting method effectively avoids the excavation of the starting guide tunnel and greatly shortens the assembly and debugging cycle; in addition, the present invention can assemble and debug various types of shaft boring machines through the variable-diameter device, thereby improving the adaptability of the starting device assembly process; finally, the present invention divides the support ring unit into multiple layers, which not only reduces the difficulty of transportation, but also allows the equipment to be assembled and debugged for a single component, the whole or different heights according to the actual needs of the project. Therefore, the starting device of this solution has the advantages of short assembly and debugging cycle, low debugging cost, strong versatility, etc., which can maximize construction efficiency and avoid waste of resources.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel launching device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of coaxially arranged support ring units (100), wherein two upper and lower adjacent support ring units are detachably connected; the support ring unit (100) is an annular support structure composed of a plurality of plate-column assemblies (1) and a plurality of diameter-changing assemblies (2), wherein the diameter-changing assemblies (2) are detachably connected to adjacent plate-column assemblies (1) and / or to two adjacent plate-column assemblies (1).

2. The non-pilot tunnel launching device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plate-column assembly (1) comprises at least two column bodies (11), a plurality of parallel transverse bracing rods (14) are provided between two adjacent column bodies (11), arc-shaped rib plates (15) are provided on the inner sides of the column bodies (11) and the transverse bracing rods (14), and diagonal braces (13) are provided on the outer sides of the column bodies (11).

3. The non-pilot tunnel launching device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diagonal brace (13) comprises N inclined brace rods, N≥1, and a reinforcing rod (110) is provided between the brace rods and the column body (11).

4. The non-pilot tunnel launching device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The connecting side of the column body (11) is provided with a plurality of connecting cross bars (17) arranged in an inclined plane along the axial direction, and the connecting ends of the connecting cross bars (17) are provided with first flanges (12); and both ends of the upper end of the column body (11) are provided with second flanges (18).

5. The pilot-less starting device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support shoe support (16) is detachably provided on the inner wall of the arc-shaped rib plate (15), and a connecting rib plate (19) is provided on the outer wall of the arc-shaped rib plate (15), wherein the connecting rib plate (19) is fixedly connected to the cross brace (14).

6. The non-pilot tunnel launching device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The diameter reducing assembly (2) comprises a left flange (24) and a right flange (25), wherein a telescopic sleeve (22) and at least two telescopic driving members (21) are provided between the left flange (24) and the right flange (25), and the telescopic driving members (21) adjust the distance between the left flange (24) and the right flange (25).

7. The non-pilot tunnel launching device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connection side of the left flange (24) and the connection side of the right flange (25) are both provided with a connection cross bar (26), and the connection end of the connection cross bar (26) is provided with a third flange (27); and a reinforcing rib (23) is provided between the sleeve (22) and the right flange (25) or the left flange (24).

8. The pilot-less starting device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The telescopic driving member (21) is a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder or a basket bolt member.

9. The non-pilot tunnel launching device for a shaft boring machine according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The first layer of support ring units located at the bottom is fixed on the steel plate (6); and the diameter reducing components (2) of a plurality of support ring units are located in the same direction.

10. A method for starting a shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel, characterized in that: Utilize the non-pilot tunnel launching device of the shaft boring machine as claimed in claim 9; the specific process is as follows: S1. Pour concrete at the site to be launched and lay steel plates (6), ensuring that the surface flatness of the steel plates is ±5 mm; S2. Setting a support pier (32) at a designated position on the steel plate (6), and then hoisting the cutter head (31) and placing the cutter head (31) on the support pier (32); S3. Hoisting the main drive (41), and connecting the main drive (41) to the cutter head (31); S4. The number of layers of the support ring unit (100) is determined according to the size of the shaft boring machine, and the variable diameter assembly (2) is adjusted according to the diameter of the shaft boring machine so that the diameter of the support ring unit (100) matches the diameter of the shaft boring machine; then, the first layer of support ring units and the second layer of support ring units are sequentially installed from bottom to top on the steel plate (6) with the cutterhead (31) as the center, and the support ring units are connected by bolts; S5. Install the swivel joint (61) and hoist the center support (62); S6. Assemble the support shoe propulsion system (71), fix the support shoe of the support shoe propulsion system (71) with a steel section and a support shoe support (16) and install a fixing device (75) on the top to withstand the propulsion reaction force, keep the support shoe vertical, and prevent the support shoe from bending down; S7. After assembly, connect equipment pipelines and conduct commissioning; S8. After debugging is normal, the support pier (32) is removed; the shaft boring machine starts to dig downward; Complete the start of the shaft boring machine without a pilot tunnel.

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