Shaft tunneling device and shaft tunneling method

Abstract

The invention provides a vertical shaft tunneling device and a vertical shaft tunneling method. The vertical shaft tunneling device comprises a prefabricated shaft, and a slurry supply cavity is formed between the outer side and the bottom of the prefabricated shaft and a vertical shaft pit; the mounting part is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft, and a slurry containing cavity is formed between the mounting part and the prefabricated shaft; the excavating part is arranged on the mounting part and is used for excavating the bottom of the vertical shaft pit; the slurry supply assembly is used for supplying slurry into the slurry supply cavity so as to provide buoyancy for the prefabricated shaft and the mounting part; the slurry pumping assembly is provided with a slurry pumping pipe, and one end of the slurry pumping pipe extends into the slurry containing cavity so as to pump the slurry in the slurry containing cavity to the outer side of the slurry containing cavity; the hoisting end of the hoisting part is mounted on at least one of the mounting part and the prefabricated shaft, and the hoisting part is used for lowering the prefabricated shaft. The mounting part and the prefabricated shaft can bear upward buoyancy, the weight borne by the hoisting part on the ground is reduced, and the stability of the vertical shaft tunneling device is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft excavation, and in particular to a shaft excavation device and a shaft excavation method. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shaft construction refers to digging a vertical passage on the surface or underground and lowering the prefabricated shaft into the vertical passage.

[0003] Normally, a shaft pit is first excavated on the surface, and the prefabricated shaft is lowered into the shaft pit by a hoisting device. The shaft pit is excavated by an excavation device. During the excavation process, mud is supplied to the shaft pit, and the mud in the shaft pit is pumped out of the shaft pit by a slurry pumping assembly. As the depth of the shaft pit increases, the hoisting device gradually lowers the prefabricated shaft. However, when the depth of the shaft is deeper, the length of the corresponding prefabricated shaft is longer, and when the diameter of the shaft is larger, the diameter of the prefabricated shaft is larger. When the length of the prefabricated shaft is longer or the diameter is larger, the mass of the prefabricated shaft is larger. At this time, a hoisting device with a large bearing capacity is required, which is costly and may exceed the bearing capacity of the wellhead foundation, affecting the smoothness of the construction process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a shaft excavation device and a shaft excavation method to solve the problem in the prior art that when the weight of the prefabricated shaft is large, a lifting device with large bearing capacity needs to be matched, which is costly and may exceed the bearing capacity of the wellhead foundation.

[0005] The present invention provides a shaft excavation device, which is used for excavating a shaft pit. The shaft excavation device comprises: a prefabricated shaft, which is used to be placed in the shaft pit, and a mud supply chamber is formed between the outer side and the bottom of the prefabricated shaft and the shaft pit; a mounting part, which is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft, and a mud channel and a mud receiving chamber are formed between the mounting part and the prefabricated shaft, and the mud channel is connected to the bottom of the mud receiving chamber, and the mud receiving chamber is located above the mounting part; an excavation part, which is arranged on the mounting part, and an excavation end of the excavation part is located below the mounting part, so as to realize excavation of the shaft. Excavation at the bottom of the well pit; a mud supply assembly, comprising a mud supply pipe, the mud supply pipe is used to supply mud into the mud supply chamber, the mud flows to the bottom of the installation portion to provide buoyancy for the prefabricated wellbore and the installation portion, and the mud at the bottom of the installation portion flows into the mud containing chamber through the mud channel; a slurry extraction assembly, comprising a slurry extraction pipe, one end of the slurry extraction pipe extends into the mud containing chamber to extract the mud in the mud containing chamber to the outside of the mud containing chamber; a hoisting portion, the hoisting end of the hoisting portion is installed on at least one of the installation portion and the prefabricated wellbore, and the hoisting portion is used to lower the prefabricated wellbore.

[0006] Furthermore, the mounting portion is detachably connected to the prefabricated shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the hoisting end of the hoisting portion is arranged on the mounting portion.

[0008] Furthermore, the shaft boring device also includes: a first locking assembly, which is arranged between the mounting part and the prefabricated shaft, and the first locking assembly has a relatively set locking state and an unlocking state. When the first locking assembly is in the locking state, the mounting part and the prefabricated shaft are locked and fixed, and when the mounting part is in the unlocking state, the mounting part is separated from the prefabricated shaft; a control system, which is electrically connected to the first locking assembly to switch the first locking assembly between the locking state and the unlocking state.

[0009] Furthermore, the vertical shaft excavation device also includes: a sealing bottom portion, which is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft, the sealing bottom portion is sealingly matched with the wall of the prefabricated shaft, and the sealing bottom portion is detachably connected to the bottom of the prefabricated shaft; when the mounting portion is connected to the prefabricated shaft, the sealing bottom portion is separated from the prefabricated shaft; when the sealing bottom portion is sealingly matched with the bottom of the prefabricated shaft, the mounting portion is separated from the prefabricated shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner side wall of the prefabricated shaft has a supporting portion, and the supporting portion is used to support the mounting portion and the bottom sealing portion.

[0011] Furthermore, the shaft excavation device also includes: a guide rail, which is arranged on the inner side wall of the prefabricated shaft, and extends along the axial direction of the prefabricated shaft; the guide rail is used to cooperate with the installation part and the bottom sealing part.

[0012] Furthermore, a limit block is provided on the outer side wall of the prefabricated shaft, and a plurality of limit blocks are provided. The plurality of limit blocks are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the prefabricated shaft, and the limit blocks are used to abut and cooperate with the side wall of the vertical shaft pit.

[0013] Furthermore, a shaft excavation method comprises: preparing a prefabricated shaft; installing a mounting part on the prefabricated shaft, forming a mud channel and a mud containing chamber which are interconnected between the mounting part and the prefabricated shaft, and the mud channel is connected to the bottom of the mud containing chamber; installing an excavation part on the mounting part; lowering the prefabricated shaft into a shaft pit by means of a hoisting part, and forming a mud supply chamber between the prefabricated shaft and the shaft pit; starting the excavation part, and the excavation end of the excavation part excavates downward to a preset depth, and the hoisting part lowers the prefabricated shaft to a preset height; starting a mud supply assembly and a slurry pumping assembly, and the mud supply assembly supplies mud into the mud supply chamber, and the slurry pumping assembly sucks the mud in the mud containing chamber to the outside of the mud containing chamber, and the liquid level of the mud formed in the mud supply chamber is higher than the liquid level of the mud in the mud containing chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the shaft excavation method also includes: stopping the excavation operation of the excavation part and stopping the mud supply operation of the mud supply component; the slurry extraction component completes the extraction of the mud in the mud holding chamber; the mud in the mud supply chamber is completely extracted, and filling slurry is poured into the mud supply chamber.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, a hoisting part is used to bear the weight of the prefabricated shaft, the installation part and the excavation part; the liquid level in the mud supply chamber is kept higher than the liquid level in the mud containing chamber through the cooperation of the mud supply assembly and the slurry extraction assembly, so that the installation part can be subjected to upward buoyancy, thereby reducing the weight borne by the hoisting part on the ground and enhancing the stability of the shaft excavation device.

[0016] Specifically, the hoisting part can sense the weight it carries. When the weight carried by the hoisting part exceeds a certain preset value, mud is supplied to the mud supply chamber through the mud supply assembly, and the mud in the mud holding chamber is pumped out through the mud pumping assembly; the mud supply rate of the mud supply assembly and the mud pumping rate of the mud pumping assembly are adjusted to increase the height difference between the liquid level in the mud supply chamber and the liquid level in the mud holding chamber, so as to increase the buoyancy of the mounting part and reduce the force carried by the hoisting part, until the weight carried by the hoisting part is reduced to within the preset range. When the force carried by the hoisting part exceeds the preset value again, the above operation process is repeated.

[0017] In this solution, the mounting part is installed at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft, and the excavation part is arranged on the mounting part. The mounting part provides stable support for the excavation part, and the excavation part can gradually excavate the bottom of the shaft pit and gradually expand the depth of the shaft.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present scheme, a mud channel is arranged on the mounting portion, and the mud channel connects the area below the mounting portion with the mud containing chamber; the mud produced by the excavation portion excavating the bottom of the shaft pit is further mixed with the mud injected through the mud supply chamber, and then discharged to the mud containing chamber through the mud channel; thereafter, the mud in the mud containing chamber is pumped out through the slurry pumping assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the vertical shaft excavation device provided by the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the prefabricated shaft at AA in the middle;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a limit block provided by the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the bottom cover provided by the present invention is shown.

[0024] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 10. Prefabricated shaft; 11. Support part; 12. Limit block;

[0026] 20. Mounting portion; 201. Mud channel; 202. Mud receiving chamber;

[0027] 30. Excavation Department;

[0028] 40. Mud supply assembly;

[0029] 50. Slurry extraction assembly;

[0030] 60. Hoisting department;

[0031] 70. A first locking assembly;

[0032] 80. Control system;

[0033] 90. Bottom cover;

[0034] 100. Guide rail;

[0035] 110. Second locking assembly;

[0036] 01. Mud supply chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a shaft excavation device, which is used for excavating a shaft pit. The shaft excavation device includes a prefabricated shaft 10, a mounting portion 20, an excavation portion 30, a mud supply assembly 40, a slurry extraction assembly 50 and a hoisting portion 60. The prefabricated shaft 10 is used to be placed in the shaft pit, and a mud supply chamber 01 is formed between the outer side and the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10 and the shaft pit; the mounting portion 20 is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10, and a mud channel 201 and a mud receiving chamber 202 that are interconnected are formed between the mounting portion 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10, and the mud channel 201 is connected to the bottom of the mud receiving chamber 202, and the mud receiving chamber 202 is located above the mounting portion 20; the excavation portion 30 is arranged at the mounting portion 20, the digging end of the excavating part 30 is located below the mounting part 20 to realize the excavation of the bottom of the vertical shaft pit; the mud supply assembly 40 has a mud supply pipe, which is used to supply mud to the mud supply chamber 01 to provide buoyancy for the prefabricated shaft 10 and the mounting part 20, and the mud at the bottom of the mounting part 20 flows into the mud containing chamber 202 through the mud channel 201; the slurry extraction assembly 50 has a slurry extraction pipe, one end of which extends into the mud containing chamber 202 to suck the mud in the mud containing chamber 202 to the outside of the mud containing chamber 202; the hoisting end of the hoisting part 60 is installed on at least one of the mounting part 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10, and the hoisting part 60 is used to lower the prefabricated shaft 10.

[0039] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, a hoisting portion 60 is used to bear the weight of the prefabricated shaft 10, the installation portion 20 and the excavation portion 30; the liquid level in the mud supply chamber 01 is kept higher than the liquid level in the mud holding chamber 202 through the cooperation of the mud supply assembly 40 and the slurry extraction assembly 50, so that the installation portion 20 can be subjected to an upward buoyancy force, thereby reducing the weight borne by the hoisting portion 60 on the ground and enhancing the stability of the shaft excavation device.

[0040] Specifically, the hoisting part 60 can sense the weight it carries. When the weight carried by the hoisting part 60 exceeds a certain preset value, mud is supplied to the mud supply chamber 01 through the mud supply component 40, and the mud in the mud holding chamber 202 is pumped out through the mud pumping component 50; the mud supply rate of the mud supply component 40 and the mud pumping rate of the mud pumping component 50 are adjusted to increase the height difference between the liquid level in the mud supply chamber 01 and the liquid level in the mud holding chamber 202, so as to increase the buoyancy of the mounting part 20 and reduce the force carried by the hoisting part 60, until the weight carried by the hoisting part 60 is reduced to within the preset range. When the force carried by the hoisting part 60 exceeds the preset value again, the above operation process is repeated.

[0041] In this solution, the mounting portion 20 is installed at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the excavation portion 30 is arranged on the mounting portion 20. The mounting portion 20 provides stable support for the excavation portion 30. The excavation portion 30 can gradually excavate the bottom of the shaft pit and gradually expand the depth of the shaft.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present scheme, a mud channel 201 is provided on the mounting portion 20, and the mud channel 201 connects the area below the mounting portion 20 with the mud containing chamber 202; the excavation portion 30 further mixes the mud generated by excavating the bottom of the shaft pit with the mud injected through the mud supply chamber 01, and discharges the mixed mud through the mud channel 201 to the mud containing chamber 202; thereafter, the mud in the mud containing chamber 202 is extracted through the slurry extraction assembly 50.

[0043] Furthermore, the mounting portion 20 is detachably connected to the prefabricated shaft 10. With such a configuration, the detachable connection allows the position of the mounting portion 20 to be changed without changing the position of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the mounting portion 20 and the excavation portion 30 on the mounting portion 20 can be lifted out of the shaft for equipment maintenance, replacement, etc., thereby improving the flexibility and operational convenience of the shaft excavation device.

[0044] In the embodiment of this solution, the hoisting end of the hoisting portion 60 is disposed on the mounting portion 20 .

[0045] When the prefabricated shaft 10 needs to be lowered, the installation part 20 is gradually lowered by the hoisting part 60 to achieve the lowering of the prefabricated shaft 10 .

[0046] When the installation part 20 needs to be lifted, the fixed connection between the installation part 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10 is released, and then the installation part 20 is gradually lifted by the hoisting part 60. The installation part 20 and the excavation part 30 can be lifted to the ground by the hoisting part 60. Such an arrangement improves the working efficiency of the shaft excavation device.

[0047] Furthermore, the shaft excavation device also includes a first locking assembly 70 and a control system 80. The first locking assembly 70 is arranged between the mounting portion 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10. The first locking assembly 70 has a relatively arranged locking state and an unlocking state. When the first locking assembly 70 is in the locking state, the mounting portion 20 is locked and fixed to the prefabricated shaft 10. When the first locking assembly 70 is in the unlocking state, the mounting portion 20 is separated from the prefabricated shaft 10. The control system 80 is electrically connected to the first locking assembly 70 to enable the first locking assembly 70 to switch between the locking state and the unlocking state.

[0048] In this solution, the control system 80 can remotely control the first locking assembly 70 to switch between a locked state and an unlocked state. The state switching of the first locking assembly 70 can change the connection relationship between the mounting portion 20 and the prefabricated wellbore 10.

[0049] When the shaft excavation device works normally and the excavation part 30 excavates the bottom of the shaft pit, the first locking assembly 70 is in a locked state, so that the mounting part 20 can be firmly connected to the prefabricated shaft 10. When the mounting part 20 needs to be lifted out of the shaft, the control system 80 drives the first locking assembly 70 to switch to an unlocked state, so that the fixed connection between the mounting part 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10 is released, and the hoisting part 60 lifts the mounting part 20 again. The control system 80 enables remote automatic control of the first locking assembly 70 to switch between the locked state and the unlocked state, which improves the operational convenience of the state switching of the first locking assembly 70.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, further, the vertical shaft excavation device also includes a sealing bottom portion 90, which is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the sealing bottom portion 90 is sealed and matched with the wall of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the sealing bottom portion 90 is detachably connected to the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10; when the mounting portion 20 is connected to the prefabricated shaft 10, the sealing bottom portion 90 is separated from the prefabricated shaft 10; when the sealing bottom portion 90 is sealed and matched with the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10, the mounting portion 20 is separated from the prefabricated shaft 10.

[0051] It can be understood that in this solution, the bottom sealing portion 90 and the mounting portion 20 are not used at the same time. When excavation operations are performed, the mounting portion 20 is connected to the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10. When the excavation operations are completed, the connection between the mounting portion 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10 is released, and the bottom sealing portion 90 is installed to the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10, and then grouting operations are performed.

[0052] In the embodiment of this solution, the hanging end is detachably connected to the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 respectively.

[0053] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present scheme, during the excavation operation, the installation part 20 is inside the prefabricated shaft 10, and the sealing bottom part 90 is in an idle state; when the excavation work of the shaft by the excavation part 30 is completed, the installation part 20 is separated from the prefabricated shaft 10, and the hoisting part 60 lifts the installation part 20 and the excavation part 30 out of the shaft, and releases the connection between the installation part 20 and the hoisting end, and the installation part 20 and the excavation part 30 are in an idle state; thereafter, the hoisting end of the hoisting part 60 is fixedly connected to the sealing bottom part 90, and the sealing bottom part 90 is lowered into the shaft through the hoisting part 60, so that the sealing bottom part 90 gradually descends to the bottom of the prefabricated shaft 10 and is fixedly connected to the prefabricated shaft 10, so as to realize the sealing cooperation between the sealing bottom part 90 and the wall of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the sealing bottom part 90 divides the space in the prefabricated shaft 10 into two parts along the height direction.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present scheme, a grouting hole is provided on the bottom sealing portion 90, and the grouting pipe of the grouting assembly injects concrete slurry into the bottom of the bottom sealing portion 90 through the grouting hole to fill the bottom of the shaft. The bottom sealing portion 90 prevents concrete from entering the space above the bottom sealing portion 90 of the prefabricated shaft 10. After the bottom of the bottom sealing portion 90 is filled with concrete slurry, the grouting operation into the bottom of the bottom sealing portion 90 is stopped. Afterwards, concrete slurry is injected into the mud supply chamber 01 through the grouting assembly until the concrete slurry overflows from the mud supply chamber 01 to the ground and the injection is stopped. The setting of the bottom sealing portion 90 enhances the sealing property of the bottom of the shaft, controls the filling range of concrete, and improves the controllability of the shaft construction process.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present scheme, the shaft excavation device includes a second locking assembly 110, which is arranged between the bottom sealing portion 90 and the prefabricated shaft 10. The second locking assembly 110 has a locking state and an unlocking state arranged relatively. When the second locking assembly 110 is in the locking state, the bottom sealing portion 90 is locked and fixed with the prefabricated shaft 10. When the second locking assembly 110 is in the unlocking state, the bottom sealing portion 90 is separated from the prefabricated shaft 10. The control system 80 is electrically connected to the second locking assembly 110 so that the control system 80 can control the second locking assembly 110 to switch between the locking state and the unlocking state. When the bottom sealing portion 90 descends to the installation position, the control system 80 controls the second locking assembly 110 to switch to the locking state so that the bottom sealing portion is fixedly connected with the prefabricated shaft 10.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, further, the inner wall of the prefabricated shaft 10 has a supporting portion 11, and the supporting portion 11 is used to support the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90.

[0057] Specifically, the support portion 11 is a support ring, and the support portion 11 is annularly arranged on the inner side wall of the prefabricated shaft 10 along the circumference of the prefabricated shaft 10. The mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 gradually descend in the shaft until the bottom of the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 contact the support portion 11, and the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 reach the mounting position. The support portion 11 below plays a certain supporting role for the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90.

[0058] Specifically, the first locking assembly 70 is disposed between the supporting portion 11 and the mounting portion 20 ; and the second locking assembly 110 is disposed between the supporting portion 11 and the bottom sealing portion 90 .

[0059] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, further, the shaft excavation device also includes a guide rail 100, which is arranged on the inner wall of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the guide rail 100 extends along the axial direction of the prefabricated shaft 10; the guide rail 100 is used to guide and cooperate with the installation part 20 and the bottom sealing part 90.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present scheme, four guide rails are provided, and the four guide rails are evenly spaced along the circumference of the prefabricated shaft 10 on the inner wall of the prefabricated shaft 10. The mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 are respectively provided with guide structures adapted to the guide rails 100, so that the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 can stably move up and down in the shaft along the guide rails 100, thereby improving the stability and controllability of the mounting portion 20 and the bottom sealing portion 90 when moving in the shaft.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present scheme, the guiding structure on the mounting portion 20 includes four first guiding grooves, which are arranged on the side wall of the mounting portion 20 at intervals along the circumference of the mounting portion 20. The first guiding grooves are arranged corresponding to the guide rails 100, and the first guiding grooves penetrate the mounting portion 20 along the axial direction. The first guiding grooves cooperate with the corresponding guide rails 100 for guidance.

[0062] The guiding structure on the sealing bottom portion 90 includes fourth second guiding grooves, which are arranged on the side wall of the sealing bottom portion 90 at intervals along the circumference of the sealing bottom portion 90, and the second guiding grooves are arranged corresponding to the guide rails 100, and the second guiding grooves penetrate the sealing bottom portion 90 along the axial direction, and the second guiding grooves cooperate with the corresponding guide rails 100 for guidance.

[0063] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, further, a limit block 12 is provided on the outer side wall of the prefabricated shaft 10, and a plurality of limit blocks 12 are provided. The plurality of limit blocks 12 are spaced apart along the circumference of the prefabricated shaft 10, and the limit blocks 12 are used to abut and cooperate with the side wall of the shaft pit. In this way, the prefabricated shaft 10 abuts against the side wall of the shaft pit through the plurality of limit blocks 12, which can prevent and reduce the occurrence of lateral displacement or rotation of the prefabricated shaft 10 during sinking, improve the verticality of the prefabricated shaft 10 and the accuracy of the installation position, and the plurality of limit blocks 12 make the prefabricated shaft 10 evenly supported by the side wall of the shaft pit in multiple directions, further enhancing the stability of the prefabricated shaft 10 during the sinking process.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present scheme, multiple groups of limit blocks 12 are provided, and the multiple groups of limit blocks 12 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the prefabricated wellbore 10 . Each group of limit blocks 12 is provided with multiple limit blocks, and the multiple limit blocks 12 in each group are spaced apart along the circumference of the prefabricated wellbore 10 .

[0065] In the embodiment of the present solution, the prefabricated shaft 10 is an assembled structure, and the prefabricated shaft 10 includes a plurality of assembled sections connected in sequence along the axial direction, and two adjacent assembled sections are plug-fitted.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a shaft excavation method, which includes:

[0067] Preparing a prefabricated wellbore 10 and mud;

[0068] The mounting portion 20 is mounted on the prefabricated wellbore 10, and a mud channel 201 and a mud receiving chamber 202 are formed between the mounting portion 20 and the prefabricated wellbore 10, and the mud channel 201 is connected to the bottom of the mud receiving chamber 202;

[0069] Installing the digging part 30 onto the mounting part 20;

[0070] The prefabricated shaft 10 is lowered into the shaft pit by the hoisting part 60, and a mud supply chamber 01 is formed between the prefabricated shaft 10 and the shaft pit;

[0071] The excavation unit 30 is started, and the excavation end of the excavation unit 30 excavates downward to a preset depth, and the hoisting unit 60 lowers the prefabricated shaft 10 to a preset height;

[0072] Start the mud supply component 40 and the slurry pumping component 50. The mud supply component 40 supplies the prepared mud into the mud supply chamber 01. The slurry pumping component 50 sucks the mud in the mud holding chamber 202 to the outside of the mud holding chamber 202. The liquid level of the mud formed in the mud supply chamber 01 is higher than the liquid level of the mud in the mud holding chamber 202.

[0073] The prefabricated shaft 10 includes a plurality of assembly segments connected in sequence along the axis direction, and two adjacent assembly segments are plugged together. During the lowering process of the prefabricated shaft 10, the assembly segments are assembled to ensure that during the shaft excavation process, the total length of the prefabricated shaft 10 is adapted to the length of the shaft pit, that is, the depth of the shaft pit gradually increases, and the length of the prefabricated shaft 10 gradually increases.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present scheme, after the prefabricated shaft 10 is lowered into the shaft pit, the excavation part 30 gradually excavates downward to form mud at the bottom of the shaft pit. During the excavation process, the mud supply assembly 40 supplies mud into the mud supply chamber 01, and the mud enters the mud containing chamber 202 through the mud channel 201 on the mounting part 20. The slurry extraction assembly 50 extracts the mud in the mud containing chamber 202, and keeps the liquid level in the mud supply chamber 01 higher than the liquid level of the mud in the mud containing chamber 202, so as to provide additional upward buoyancy for the mounting part 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10, reduce the load-bearing weight of the hoisting part 60, and improve the working stability of the shaft excavation device.

[0075] During the process that the mud supply component 40 supplies mud into the mud supply chamber 01 and the slurry extraction component 50 sucks the mud in the mud holding chamber 202 to the outside of the mud holding chamber 202, the tension detector at the lifting end detects the tension borne by the lifting end. When the tension borne by the lifting end exceeds the preset value, the mud supply rate of the mud supply component 40 and the slurry extraction rate of the slurry extraction component 50 are adjusted to increase the height difference between the liquid level in the mud supply chamber 01 and the liquid level in the mud holding chamber 202 until the tension borne by the lifting end is less than the preset value.

[0076] It can be understood that each time the excavation unit 30 excavates downward to a preset depth, the thick mud formed after excavation is discharged outside the shaft pit; the hoisting unit 60 then lowers the prefabricated shaft 10 to a corresponding depth, and the excavation unit 30 descends so that the excavation unit 30 can continue to excavate downward; the above excavation action is repeated until the depth of the shaft pit meets the preset depth.

[0077] Furthermore, the shaft excavation method also includes: stopping the excavation operation of the excavation part 30 and stopping the mud supply operation of the mud supply assembly 40; the slurry extraction assembly 50 completes the extraction of the mud in the mud holding chamber 202; the mud in the mud supply chamber 01 is completely extracted, and filling slurry is poured into the mud supply chamber 01.

[0078] Specifically, when the shaft pit reaches a predetermined excavation depth, the excavation part 30 stops working, the first locking assembly 70 switches to an unlocked state, the fixed connection between the mounting part 20 and the prefabricated shaft 10 is released, the hoisting part 60 lifts the mounting part 20 and the excavation part 30 out of the shaft along the guide rail 100, the mud supply assembly 40 stops the mud supply operation, and the slurry extraction assembly 50 extracts all the mud in the shaft to the outside of the shaft, thereby completing the excavation of the shaft pit.

[0079] Afterwards, the lifting end of the lifting part 60 is fixedly connected to the sealing bottom part 90, and the sealing bottom part 90 is lowered along the guide rail 100 to the supporting part 11 at the bottom of the shaft through the lifting part 60, and the second locking assembly 110 is switched to the locking state, so that the sealing bottom part 90 is fixedly connected to the prefabricated shaft 10, and the sealing bottom part 90 closes the bottom of the shaft.

[0080] Finally, the grouting assembly is used to inject concrete slurry into the bottom of the bottom sealing portion 90 through the grouting holes on the bottom sealing portion 90 until the area below the bottom sealing portion 90 is filled with concrete slurry; then the grouting assembly is used to inject concrete slurry into the mud supply chamber 01 until the mud supply chamber 01 is also filled with concrete and the injection is stopped. After the concrete solidifies, the construction process of the shaft is completed.

[0081] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0082] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual proportional relationships. The technology, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being only exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0083] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0084] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0085] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only to facilitate the distinction between corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation device, characterized in that: Used for excavating a shaft pit, the shaft excavation device comprises: A prefabricated shaft (10) is used to be placed in the shaft pit, and a mud supply chamber (01) is formed between the outer side and the bottom of the prefabricated shaft (10) and the shaft pit; A mounting portion (20) is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated wellbore (10), wherein a mud channel (201) and a mud receiving chamber (202) are formed between the mounting portion (20) and the prefabricated wellbore (10), wherein the mud channel (201) is in communication with the bottom of the mud receiving chamber (202), and the mud receiving chamber (202) is located above the mounting portion (20); An excavation part (30) is arranged on the mounting part (20), and an excavation end of the excavation part (30) is located below the mounting part (20) to realize excavation of the bottom of the shaft pit; A mud supply assembly (40) having a mud supply pipe, wherein the mud supply pipe is used to supply mud into the mud supply chamber (01) to provide buoyancy for the prefabricated wellbore (10) and the mounting portion (20), and the mud at the bottom of the mounting portion (20) flows into the mud receiving chamber (202) through the mud channel (201); A slurry pumping assembly (50) comprises a slurry pumping pipe, one end of which extends into the slurry containing chamber (202) so as to pump the slurry in the slurry containing chamber (202) to the outside of the slurry containing chamber (202); A hoisting part (60), wherein a hoisting end of the hoisting part (60) is mounted on at least one of the mounting part (20) and the prefabricated shaft (10), and the hoisting part (60) is used to lower the prefabricated shaft (10).

2. The shaft boring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting portion (20) is detachably connected to the prefabricated shaft (10).

3. The shaft boring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hoisting end of the hoisting portion (60) is arranged on the mounting portion (20).

4. The shaft boring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shaft excavation device also includes: a first locking assembly (70) arranged between the mounting portion (20) and the prefabricated shaft (10), the first locking assembly (70) having a locking state and an unlocking state arranged relatively to each other, when the first locking assembly (70) is in the locking state, the mounting portion (20) and the prefabricated shaft (10) are locked and fixed, and when the mounting portion (20) is in the unlocking state, the mounting portion (20) and the prefabricated shaft (10) are separated; A control system (80) is electrically connected to the first locking assembly (70) so as to switch the first locking assembly (70) between the locking state and the unlocking state.

5. The shaft boring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft excavation device also includes: A sealing bottom portion (90) is arranged at the bottom of the prefabricated shaft (10), the sealing bottom portion (90) is in sealing cooperation with the wall of the prefabricated shaft (10), and the sealing bottom portion (90) is detachably connected to the bottom of the prefabricated shaft (10); When the mounting portion (20) is connected to the prefabricated shaft (10), the bottom sealing portion (90) is separated from the prefabricated shaft (10); when the bottom sealing portion (90) is in sealing cooperation with the bottom of the prefabricated shaft (10), the mounting portion (20) is separated from the prefabricated shaft (10).

6. The shaft boring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the prefabricated shaft (10) has a supporting portion (11), and the supporting portion (11) is used to support the mounting portion (20) and the bottom sealing portion (90).

7. The shaft boring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shaft excavation device also includes: A guide rail (100) is arranged on the inner side wall of the prefabricated shaft (10), and the guide rail (100) extends along the axial direction of the prefabricated shaft (10); The guide rail (100) is used for guiding and cooperating with the mounting portion (20) and the bottom sealing portion (90).

8. The shaft boring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the prefabricated shaft (10) is provided with a limit block (12), and a plurality of the limit blocks (12) are provided. The plurality of limit blocks (12) are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the prefabricated shaft (10), and the limit blocks (12) are used to abut and cooperate with the side wall of the shaft pit.

9. A vertical shaft excavation method, characterized in that: include: Preparing a prefabricated wellbore (10); The mounting portion (20) is mounted on the prefabricated wellbore (10), so that a mud channel (201) and a mud receiving chamber (202) which are in communication with each other are formed between the mounting portion (20) and the prefabricated wellbore (10), and the mud channel (201) is in communication with the bottom of the mud receiving chamber (202); Installing the digging part (30) onto the mounting part (20); The prefabricated shaft (10) is lowered into the vertical shaft pit by means of a hoisting part (60), and a mud supply chamber (01) is formed between the prefabricated shaft (10) and the vertical shaft pit; The excavation unit (30) is started, the excavation end of the excavation unit (30) excavates downward to a preset depth, and the hoisting unit (60) lowers the prefabricated shaft (10) to a preset height; The mud supply component (40) and the mud pumping component (50) are started, the mud supply component (40) supplies mud into the mud supply chamber (01), and the mud pumping component (50) pumps the mud in the mud containing chamber (202) to the outside of the mud containing chamber (202), and the liquid level of the mud formed in the mud supply chamber (01) is higher than the liquid level of the mud in the mud containing chamber (202).

10. The shaft excavation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shaft excavation method further comprises: stopping the excavation operation of the excavation part (30) and stopping the mud supply operation of the mud supply component (40); The slurry pumping assembly (50) completes pumping the slurry in the slurry containing chamber (202); The mud in the mud supply chamber (01) is completely sucked out, and filling slurry is poured into the mud supply chamber (01).

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