Circumferentially distributed multi-path sliding arc igniter and method of operation thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a circumferential distribution multi-path sliding arc igniter and an operation method thereof, relates to the field of high-end equipment, and is characterized in that the existing single-path sliding arc igniter can spray a single sliding arc, ignite small-flow fuel introduced through a first air inlet, and the multi-path sliding arc is nested outside the single-path sliding arc igniter to ignite large-flow fuel introduced through a third air inlet. The application generates multi-path sliding arc plasma by arranging a plurality of high-voltage electrodes in the circumferential direction, increases the contact area with the fuel, improves the total discharge power of the sliding arc, significantly enhances the ignition capacity of the igniter, improves the combustion efficiency, and can be nested on the original single-path sliding arc igniter.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of high-end equipment, and particularly relates to a circumferential distribution multi-path sliding arc igniter and a running method thereof, which is used for igniting a new zero-carbon burner. BACKGROUND

[0002] Climate change is one of the main threats to the environment of the earth, and the carbon dioxide emitted from fossil energy into the atmosphere aggravates global warming. At present, the power and heat production industry accounts for the highest carbon emissions in the country.

[0003] In order to reduce the carbon emissions of fossil energy, it is necessary to vigorously develop green new energy, including photovoltaic, wind power and the like. Due to the strong random fluctuation of wind energy and solar energy, the utilization rate of new energy is low, which causes resource waste, and therefore energy storage technology is needed to cut peak and fill valley. Hydrogen energy, as one of the energy storage technologies, has the advantages of green, high efficiency, no carbon emission, long storage time and the like, and is an important part of the future energy system, which helps to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consumption and high-carbon-emission industries. However, for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy, it is urgent to break through the fuel cell technology with low cost and high efficiency and the hydrogen storage and transportation technology with low cost and safety, and the poor safety and high cost of hydrogen storage and transportation become the main difficulties in the development of hydrogen energy.

[0004] Ammonia, as a carrier of hydrogen, has the characteristics of high energy density, low storage and transportation cost, high safety and the like, and is expected to break through the bottleneck of the development of hydrogen energy. However, in the application process of ammonia fuel, there are problems such as low flame propagation speed, difficult ignition, poor flame stability, high NO x emission and the like, which need to be solved urgently.

[0005] The scholars in the field have carried out in-depth research on the problems of ammonia ignition difficulty and poor flame stability, including ammonia mixed with fossil fuels, ammonia mixed with hydrogen, oxygen-enriched combustion, plasma combustion and staged combustion technology. Among them, the ammonia mixed with fossil fuels can effectively improve the flame propagation speed of the fuel, but it cannot completely solve the carbon emission problem; ammonia mixed with hydrogen combustion can improve the flame propagation speed and has no additional carbon emissions, but the storage and transportation of hydrogen or on-line cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen technology need further study; oxygen-enriched combustion technology is difficult, high cost, greatly reduces the economy of ammonia combustion and loses the competitive advantage. Plasma can strengthen combustion through thermal, chemical and transport effects, which can effectively reduce the ignition delay time and improve the flame propagation speed. The patent "aero-engine combustion chamber sliding arc plasma duty flame head", application number CN202111216787.1 of Chinese patent application, its fuel nozzle is located in the cathode sleeve, sliding arc discharge is generated at the outlet of the swirler, which improves the outlet temperature field quality and increases the service life of the aero-engine turbine; the patent "a small aero-engine sliding arc plasma ignition combustion head", application number CN202310867333.3 of Chinese patent application, its structure is more compact, which improves the activity of plasma discharge particles and utilization rate; the patent "a high-swirl sliding arc exciter based on internal and external canister pressure difference self-bleeding", application number CN202311857799.1 of Chinese patent application, its exciter forms a high-swirl internal flow inside, reduces electrode ablation, and increases the contact time and area of sliding arc and fuel, but the above are single sliding arc igniters, whose power is limited by electrode life, the power is not high, the ignition performance is limited, and only one sliding arc exists at a moment, the discharge area is small, which cannot meet the ignition of ammonia combustor under high flow rate.

[0006] In the aspect of multi-path sliding arc igniter, the Chinese patent application with the application number CN202110298162.8, entitled "Single and double path combined three-dimensional rotating sliding arc plasma exciter", has two groups of swirlers corresponding to one group of electrodes respectively, which can generate two paths of sliding arc at the same time, broaden the ignition boundary of the aero-engine combustion chamber, and improve the combustion efficiency. The Chinese patent application with the application number CN202310426844.1, entitled "Variable sliding arc plasma center staged combustion chamber head", arranges electrodes in the main combustion stage and the standby stage respectively to generate two paths of sliding arc, and the swirlers can be detached and replaced, which has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability and low cost. The above two patents are radial staged two-path sliding arc, and the sliding arc root moves on the surface, which has a high service life, but the sliding arc has only two paths. The Chinese patent application with the application number CN202110894721.1, entitled "Parallel multi-path sliding arc plasma igniter and scramjet engine", uses multiple tungsten needle electrodes as multiple discharge anodes to generate multiple paths of sliding arc and large-area discharge, which can generate multiple paths of sliding arc, but the arc root is maintained on the tungsten needle tip, and the electrode service life is not high.

[0007] The above multi-path sliding arc igniter is still unable to meet the ammonia combustor ignition requirements under high flow rate due to the limitation of sliding arc power and igniter service life, and is prone to ammonia escape caused by insufficient combustion, especially in high-power combustors where liquid ammonia is used as fuel, which puts higher requirements on the ignition performance of the igniter.

[0008] In view of the above problems of sliding arc igniter power, igniter service life and ammonia combustor ignition, the present application provides a circumferentially distributed multi-path sliding arc igniter scheme, which can effectively solve the problems of ammonia ignition difficulty, unstable and insufficient combustion under high flow rate. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present application is to provide a circumferentially distributed multi-path sliding arc igniter to realize reliable ignition and stable combustion of ammonia in the combustor.

[0010] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0011] A circumferential distribution multi-path sliding arc igniter comprises a single-path sliding arc igniter, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a first swirler, an igniter mounting seat, a multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base, a third sleeve, a high-voltage electrode, a flow deflector, a second swirler, a low-voltage electrode, a third swirler, a fourth swirler and a multi-path sliding arc, wherein the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are respectively connected to high-voltage and low-voltage ends of a power supply; the single-path sliding arc igniter is located at a front end center of the multi-path sliding arc igniter, is embedded in the first swirler, and maintains an air passage with the first sleeve and the flow deflector; the first sleeve and the flow deflector are respectively mounted on the igniter mounting seat, the low-voltage electrode is mounted on the igniter mounting seat, maintains an air passage with the flow deflector, and is provided with the second swirler in the air passage; the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base is sleeved on the igniter mounting seat, maintains an air passage with the low-voltage electrode, and is provided with the third swirler in the air passage; the high-voltage electrode is nested on the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base, and maintains a discharge distance with the low-voltage electrode; the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are respectively connected to high-voltage and low-voltage ends of a power supply; the multi-path sliding arc is located between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode; and the third sleeve is sleeved on the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base, maintains an air passage with the multi-path sliding arc igniter base, and is provided with the fourth swirler in the air passage.

[0012] Further, the first air inlet is arranged in the air passage between the single-path sliding arc igniter and the first sleeve; the second air inlet is arranged on a cylindrical wall surface of the second sleeve; the third air inlet is arranged on the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base; and the fourth air inlet is arranged on the third sleeve. Further, the single-path sliding arc igniter, the first sleeve, the second sleeve, the igniter mounting seat, the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base, the third sleeve, the flow deflector and the low-voltage electrode all maintain coaxiality.

[0013] Further, the low-voltage electrode is irregularly and periodically repeated in shape at one end close to the high-voltage electrode, the number N of the periodical repetition (2≤N≤10) is consistent with the number of the multi-path sliding arc, and the low-voltage electrode is far from the high-voltage electrode at two ends in one period and is close to the high-voltage electrode in the middle, so as to realize generation of the sliding arc at the middle position and extinction of the sliding arc at the two end positions.

[0014] Further, the high-voltage electrode is in a fan-shaped structure, and an outer surface thereof is a conical surface, the outer dimension of the high-voltage electrode is consistent with a groove of the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base, there are N high-voltage electrodes distributed circumferentially, the high-voltage electrodes are insulated from each other by the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base, the insulation distance between the high-voltage electrodes is greater than or equal to 15 mm, so as to realize independent discharge of each high-voltage electrode, and the insulation part between the high-voltage electrodes corresponds to two ends of one repeating period of the low-voltage electrode, so that the sliding arc is extinguished at the two end positions.

[0015] Further, the high-voltage electrode is connected to the power supply through the high-voltage line placed in the high-voltage cable groove, and the number of high-voltage cable grooves on the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base is consistent with the number of high-voltage electrodes.

[0016] Further, the igniter mounting seat is provided with a plurality of air guide holes respectively connecting the air passage between the second sleeve and the first sleeve and the air passage between the flow guide cover and the low-voltage electrode.

[0017] Further, the specific operation method of the sliding arc igniter is as follows:

[0018] 1) open the first air inlet and the second air inlet to pass in ammonia and air respectively, and reach the set flow respectively;

[0019] 2) open the single-path sliding arc igniter power supply to reach the set power, and ignite the ammonia passed in the first air inlet;

[0020] 3) open the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet to pass in air and ammonia respectively, and reach the set flow respectively;

[0021] 4) open the multi-path sliding arc igniter power supply to reach the set power, generate multi-path sliding arc, and ignite the ammonia passed in the fourth air inlet.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0023] The present application realizes multi-path sliding arc discharge by adopting the circumferential high-voltage electrode distribution mode, greatly improves the total power and discharge area of the sliding arc under the premise of ensuring sufficient electrode life, and enhances the ignition capacity of the sliding arc igniter; the electrode structure scheme of circumferential distribution is compact in structure, can be modified on the original single-path sliding arc igniter, and can also be used jointly with the original single-path sliding arc igniter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Fig. 1 is an axial view of a circumferential distribution multi-path sliding arc igniter;

[0025] Fig. 2 is a structure sectional view of a circumferential distribution multi-path sliding arc igniter designed by the present application.

[0026] In the figure: 1-single-path sliding arc igniter; 2-1-first air inlet; 2-first sleeve; 3-second sleeve; 3-1-second air inlet; 4-first cyclone; 5-igniter mounting seat; 5-1-air guide hole; 6-multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base; 6-1-high-voltage cable groove; 6-2-third air inlet; 7-third sleeve; 7-1-fourth air inlet; 8-high-voltage electrode; 9-flow guide cover; 10-second cyclone; 11-low-voltage electrode; 12-third cyclone; 13-fourth cyclone; 14-multi-path sliding arc. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figs. 1-2 As shown, a circumferentially distributed multi-channel sliding arc igniter includes a single-channel sliding arc igniter 1, a first sleeve 2, a second sleeve 3, a first vortex generator 4, an igniter mounting base 5, a multi-channel sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, a third sleeve 7, a high-voltage electrode 8, a flow guide 9, a second vortex generator 10, a low-voltage electrode 11, a third vortex generator 12, a fourth vortex generator 13, and a multi-channel sliding arc 14. The high-voltage electrode 8 and the low-voltage electrode 11 are respectively connected to the high-voltage and low-voltage terminals of a power supply. The single-channel sliding arc igniter 1 is located at the center of the front end of the multi-channel sliding arc igniter, fitted inside the first vortex generator 4, and maintains a ventilation channel with the first sleeve 2 and the flow guide 9. The first sleeve 2 and the flow guide 9 are respectively mounted on the igniter mounting base 5, and the low-voltage electrode 11 is mounted on... The multi-channel sliding arc igniter is mounted on the igniter mounting base 5, maintaining a ventilation channel with the guide shroud 9, and a second vortex generator 10 is installed in the channel; the multi-channel sliding arc igniter insulating base 6 is fitted onto the igniter mounting base 5, maintaining a ventilation channel with the low-pressure electrode 11, and a third vortex generator 12 is installed in the channel; the high-pressure electrode 8 is nested on the multi-channel sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, maintaining a discharge distance with the low-pressure electrode 11; the high-pressure electrode 8 and the low-pressure electrode 11 are respectively connected to the high-pressure and low-pressure ends of the power supply; the multi-channel sliding arc 14 is located between the high-pressure electrode 8 and the low-pressure electrode 11; the third sleeve 7 is fitted onto the multi-channel sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, maintaining a ventilation channel with the multi-channel sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, and a fourth vortex generator 13 is installed in the channel. The single-channel sliding arc igniter 1 can be an existing single-channel sliding arc igniter.

[0029] Furthermore, the first air inlet 2-1 is located in the ventilation channel between the single-path sliding arc igniter 1 and the first sleeve 2; the second air inlet 3-1 is located on the cylindrical wall of the second sleeve 3; the third air inlet 6-2 is located on the insulating base 6 of the multi-path sliding arc igniter; and the fourth air inlet 7-1 is located on the third sleeve 7.

[0030] Furthermore, the existing single-channel sliding arc igniter 1, first sleeve 2, second sleeve 3, igniter mounting base 5, multi-channel sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, third sleeve 7, flow guide shroud 9, and low-voltage electrode 11 are all kept coaxial.

[0031] Further, the shape of the low-voltage electrode 11 at the end close to the high-voltage electrode 8 presents irregular periodic repetition along the circumference, the number of periodic repetition N is 3, and is consistent with the number of multi-path sliding arc; the shape of the low-voltage electrode 11 presents that the distance between the two ends from the high-voltage electrode 8 is far, and the distance from the middle to the high-voltage electrode 8 is close, so as to realize that the sliding arc is generated at the middle position and extinguished at the two end positions.

[0032] Further, the high-voltage electrode 8 is in a fan-shaped structure, and the outer surface is a conical surface, the outer dimension of which is consistent with the groove of the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, the high-voltage electrode 8 is distributed along the circumference N times, and the high-voltage electrodes 8 are insulated from each other through the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base 6, the insulation distance between the high-voltage electrodes 8 is greater than or equal to 15 mm, so as to realize independent discharge of each high-voltage electrode 8; the insulating part between the high-voltage electrodes 8 corresponds to the two ends of one repeating period of the low-voltage electrode 11, so that the sliding arc is extinguished at the two end positions.

[0033] Further, the high-voltage electrode 8 is connected to the power supply through the high-voltage line placed in the high-voltage cable groove 6-1, and the number of high-voltage cable grooves 6-1 on the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base 6 is consistent with the number of high-voltage electrodes 8.

[0034] Further, the igniter mounting seat 5 is provided with a plurality of air guide holes 5-1, which are respectively connected to the air passage between the second sleeve 3 and the first sleeve 2 and the air passage between the flow guide cover 9 and the low-voltage electrode 11.

[0035] Further, the specific operation method of the sliding arc igniter is as follows:

[0036] 1) Open the first air inlet 2-1 and the second air inlet 3-1 to respectively pass in ammonia and air, and respectively reach the set flow rate;

[0037] 2) Turn on the power supply of the existing single-path sliding arc igniter to reach the set power, and ignite the ammonia passed in through the first air inlet 2-1;

[0038] 3) Open the third air inlet 6-2 and the fourth air inlet 7-1 to respectively pass in air and ammonia, and respectively reach the set flow rate;

[0039] 4) Turn on the power supply of the multi-path sliding arc igniter to reach the set power, generate a plurality of sliding arcs 14, and ignite the ammonia passed in through the fourth air inlet 7-1.

Claims

1. A circumferentially distributed multiple sliding arc igniter, characterized by: The single sliding arc igniter (1), the first sleeve (2), the second sleeve (3), the first swirler (4), the igniter mounting base (5), the multi sliding arc igniter insulating base (6), the third sleeve (7), the high voltage electrode (8), the flow deflector (9), the second swirler (10), the low voltage electrode (11), the third swirler (12), the fourth swirler (13) and the multi sliding arc (14) are coaxial. The first air inlet (2-1) is arranged in the air passage between the single sliding arc igniter (1) and the first sleeve (2); the second air inlet (3-1) is arranged on the cylindrical wall of the second sleeve (3); the third air inlet (6-2) is arranged on the multi sliding arc igniter insulating base (6); and the fourth air inlet (7-1) is arranged on the third sleeve (7). The single sliding arc igniter (1), the first sleeve (2), the second sleeve (3), the igniter mounting base (5), the multi sliding arc igniter insulating base (6), the third sleeve (7), the flow deflector (9) and the low voltage electrode (11) are coaxial.

2. A circumferentially distributed multi-pass sliding arc igniter according to claim 1, wherein: The low voltage electrode (11) is irregularly and periodically repeated in the shape near the one end of the high voltage electrode (8), and the number of the periodical repetition N is consistent with the number of the multi sliding arc; the shape of the low voltage electrode (11) is far from the high voltage electrode (8) at both ends and close to the high voltage electrode (8) in the middle in one period, so that the multi sliding arc (14) is generated at the middle position and extinguished at the both end positions.

3. A circumferentially distributed multi-pass sliding arc igniter according to claim 1, wherein: The high-voltage electrode (8) is in a fan shape structure, and the outer surface is a conical surface, the outer dimension of which is consistent with the groove provided in the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base (6), the high-voltage electrode (8) is distributed circumferentially in N number, and the high-voltage electrodes (8) are insulated from each other by the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base (6), the insulation spacing between the high-voltage electrodes (8) is greater than or equal to 15 mm, so as to realize independent discharge of each high-voltage electrode (8); the insulation part between the high-voltage electrodes (8) corresponds to the two ends of one repeating period of the low-voltage electrode (11), so that the sliding arc is extinguished at the two end positions. ​ 4. A circumferentially distributed multiple sliding arc igniter according to claim 1 wherein: The high-voltage electrode (8) is connected to the power supply through the high-voltage cable groove (6-1) placed therein, and the number of the high-voltage cable groove (6-1) on the multi-path sliding arc igniter insulating base (6) is consistent with the number of the high-voltage electrode (8). ​ 5. A circumferentially distributed multiple sliding arc igniter according to claim 1 wherein: The igniter mounting base (5) is provided with a plurality of air guide holes (5-1) respectively connecting the air passage between the second sleeve (3) and the first sleeve (2) and the air passage between the flow guide cover (9) and the low-voltage electrode (11). ​ 6. A method of operating a circumferentially distributed multi-pass sliding arc igniter, comprising: The sliding arc igniter of claim 1 is used, and the specific operation method is as follows: 1) open the first air inlet (2-1) and the second air inlet (3-1) to respectively pass in ammonia and air, and respectively reach the set flow rate; 2) turn on the single-path sliding arc igniter power supply to reach the set power, and ignite the ammonia passed in through the first air inlet (2-1); 3) open the third air inlet (6-2) and the fourth air inlet (7-1) to respectively pass in air and ammonia, and respectively reach the set flow rate; 4) turn on the multi-path sliding arc igniter power supply to reach the set power, generate multi-path sliding arcs, and ignite the ammonia passed in through the fourth air inlet (7-1).

Images