An automatic monitoring device and method for slope displacement with multi-point series connection

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-point series type automatic slope displacement monitoring device and method, which relates to the technical field of displacement measurement. The tilt angle measurement units are connected in series through hinges and placed in the guide rail pipe, and the top ends of the tilt angle measurement units are suspended at the orifice through the orifice bracket; the guide rail pipe is installed in the soil measurement hole and serves as the moving track of the tilt angle measurement units; the gravity type telescopic deformeter is hinged to the lowermost tilt angle measurement unit; the RS485 data interaction module receives data at the orifice; the station radio controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules in an area wirelessly; the PC end monitoring system receives the angle data of each station radio and converts it into displacement in real time. In the present invention, multiple inclination measurement units are connected in series, and each measurement unit is identified by the data interaction module, and instructions are sent to it and data is received; the synchronous reception of data of multiple measurement points and the real-time generation of curves improve the monitoring efficiency, and it can be widely applied to the monitoring of the instability process of slope rock masses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of displacement measurement, and particularly to a multi-point series type automatic slope displacement monitoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the typical geological disasters, landslides are characterized by complex causes, various types, concealment, suddenness, etc. Once they occur, it is difficult to avoid them in time, which has always been a major problem in disaster prevention and control. Scientifically and accurately predicting the instability of slope rock masses is one of the key scientific problems that urgently need to be broken through in geotechnical engineering. The process of slope disasters includes the initiation, development, and instability of the landslide body. A large number of detectable information is accompanied during this process, such as surface settlement and inclination, deep displacement, microseismicity, etc. However, in the field of slope rock and soil displacement monitoring, it is impossible to accurately predict the location of disasters. It is often necessary to deploy a large number of measuring points and adopt a single-point manual monitoring scheme, resulting in huge consumption of manpower and material resources. The high cost of monitoring projects causes problems such as one-sided monitoring data and low timeliness due to insufficient distribution of measuring points, and it is difficult to achieve the prediction effect.

[0003] Traditional slope measurement technologies mainly include surface displacement monitoring technology based on satellite remote sensing and deep displacement measurement technology using inclinometers. Satellite remote sensing technology requires good visibility conditions, and its monitoring accuracy is affected by rain, fog, etc. Moreover, landslide disasters often occur in areas with heavy rainfall, and its monitoring accuracy is greatly reduced. In the existing inclinometer technology, when the sliding inclinometer probe measures the slope displacement, it needs to be manually pulled to stop at a certain distance interval for a reading. Only one depth and one direction reading can be performed at the same time. On the one hand, there are problems such as time-consuming, laborious, low efficiency, and long cycle. On the other hand, it cannot meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and synchronous generation of displacement data. If multiple probes are placed in the hole, each probe requires a cable to reach the hole opening. The limited space of the guide tube restricts the distribution quantity of the probes, reducing the measurement accuracy. And once a failure occurs, it cannot be taken out for repair and cannot be reused, increasing the use cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of time-consuming for manual single-point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, inability to continuously monitor in real time, etc. in the prior art, and the technical problems of the existing probes such as inability to automatically monitor, discontinuous data, and inability to be flexibly spliced into any length on site, the present invention provides a multi-point series type automatic slope displacement monitoring device and method.

[0005] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] First aspect:

[0007] An automatic multi-point series slope displacement monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: an inclination angle measurement unit, a series hinge, a guide rail tube, a fixing ring, an orifice bracket, a gravity type telescopic deformeter, a communication line, an RS485 data interaction module, a station radio, a 4G module, and a PC-side monitoring system;

[0008] The inclination angle measurement unit is placed in the guide rail tube, the inclination angle measurement units are connected in series through the series hinge, and the top end of the inclination angle measurement unit is suspended at the orifice through the orifice bracket;

[0009] The guide rail tube is installed in a geotechnical measurement hole and serves as the moving track of the inclination angle measurement unit;

[0010] The gravity type telescopic deformeter is hinged to the lowermost inclination angle measurement unit;

[0011] The communication lines of each inclination angle measurement unit are connected in parallel;

[0012] The RS485 data interaction module receives the data of the communication line at the orifice;

[0013] The station radio controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules in an area wirelessly and receives the data of multiple RS485 data interaction modules;

[0014] The 4G module uploads the data of the station radio to the Internet;

[0015] The PC-side monitoring system receives the angle data of the inclination angle measurement units in each measurement hole of each station radio in the Internet and converts the angle data into displacement data in real time.

[0016] Second aspect:

[0017] An automatic multi-point series slope displacement monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention uses the automatic multi-point series slope displacement monitoring device in the first aspect. The monitoring method includes:

[0018] S1: Put the guide rail tube into the on-site drill hole, and use a filling material to fill the gap between the guide rail tube and the hole wall. After about 24 hours of solidification, prepare for the next step;

[0019] S2: Install the gravity type telescopic deformeter at the bottom of the first inclination angle measurement unit, connect its line to the communication line, connect the remaining inclination angle measurement units in series with the series hinge in sequence, and connect the lines of each inclination angle measurement unit in parallel to the communication line; after the series connection is completed, connect the top inclination angle measurement unit to the fixing ring in the orifice bracket;

[0020] S3: Place the connected series device into the guide tube, fix the orifice bracket at the orifice, and adjust the entire series device to a proper position by adjusting the long screw, i.e., the reading of the gravity extensometer is at half of the measuring range, and use a compass to position and record the X and Y directions of the sensor;

[0021] S4: Arrange an RS485 data interaction module at the orifice, connect the communication line to the terminal block, and package it with a waterproof rain cover to prevent rainwater from entering;

[0022] S5: Arrange a station radio indoors within a range of 5 kilometers around, connect it to a computer using an RS485 to USB module, and open the serial port software for reading and debugging;

[0023] S6: Connect the 4G module to the station radio to complete data networking;

[0024] S7: Open the PC - side monitoring system to start reading data, take the data read for the first time as a reference for zeroing operation, and convert the received angle data into x - direction displacement data and y - direction displacement data in real - time;

[0025] S8: Convert the displacement data of the gravity extensometer into z - direction displacement data.

[0026] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention at least include:

[0027] In the present invention, the multi - point series - type slope displacement automatic monitoring device realizes the automatic acquisition and transmission of dip angle data at multiple points in the same measuring hole, and designs a gravity extensometer at the bottom of the hole to realize the synchronous monitoring of vertical displacement, constructing an integrated monitoring system for horizontal and vertical displacement fields; the monitoring method can identify each measuring unit, send instructions to all measuring units and receive data, realizes the storage and analysis of data from multiple measuring holes and the real - time generation of displacement curves. The automatic monitoring improves the monitoring efficiency and reduces the monitoring cost; each tilt angle measuring unit can be freely assembled into any length on - site and reused after being taken out from the guide tube, solving the problems of time - consuming for manual single - point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, and inability to monitor continuously in real - time, as well as the disadvantages of existing probes such as inability to monitor automatically, discontinuous data, and inability to be flexibly spliced into any length on - site, and can be widely applied to the monitoring and early warning of the instability process of rock masses in slope engineering. Description of the Drawings

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system architecture of a multi - point series - type slope displacement automatic monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 where (a) is the front view, Figure 2 and (b) is the left view;

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the framework of an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 where (a) is the front view, Figure 3 and (b) is the left view;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the pulley structure in an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 where (a) is the front view, Figure 4 and (b) is the top view;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the steel torsion spring in a pulley provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 where (a) is the front view, Figure 5 and (b) is the left view;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a series hinge provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 where (a) is the front view, Figure 6 and (b) is the left view;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a gravity - type telescopic deformeter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an orifice bracket provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the principle of cumulative horizontal displacement calculation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the principle of vertical displacement calculation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039]

Reference Signs

[0040] 1. Measuring points composed of multiple measuring units; 2. Inclination angle measuring unit; 201. Inclinometer sensor; 202. Framework; 203. Pulley; 204. Steel torsion spring; 205. Communication line; 206. Framework screw hole; 207. Pulley bearing; 208. Pulley bracket; 209. Framework screw rod; 210. Framework positioning column; 211. Series hinge; 3. Gravity type telescopic deformeter; 301. Cylindrical stainless steel block; 302. Telescopic deformation sensor; 303. Telescopic rod; 304. Connecting ball head; 4. Orifice bracket; 401. Support; 402. Long screw; 403. Screw hole; 404. Outlet hole; 405. Fixed ring; 406. Nut; 5. Guide tube; 6. Filling material; 7. Hole wall; 8. RS485 data interaction module; 9. Measuring station radio; 10. 4G module; 11. PC-side monitoring system. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] The following combines the drawings and specific embodiments to describe in detail a lower limb structure of a biped walking robot capable of standing vertically provided by the present invention. At the same time, it is hereby explained that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art can also adopt other alternative methods for implementation; moreover, the drawing part is only for more specifically describing the embodiments, and is not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that in the specification, it is mentioned that "an embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. indicate that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not necessarily every embodiment includes the specific feature, structure or characteristic. In addition, when combining an embodiment to describe a specific feature, structure or characteristic, implementing such a feature, structure or characteristic in combination with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the relevant art.

[0043] Generally, terms can be understood at least in part from their use in context. For example, at least in part depending on the context, the term "one or more" used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure or characteristic in a singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey a set of exclusive factors, but rather can alternatively, at least in part depending on the context, allow for the existence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0044] Refer to the attached drawings of the specification Figure 1 , which shows a schematic diagram of the system architecture of a multi-point series type slope displacement automatic monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-point series type automatic slope displacement monitoring device, including: an inclination angle measurement unit 2, a series hinge 211, a guide rail tube 5, a fixing ring 405, an orifice bracket 4, a gravity type telescopic deformeter 3, a communication line 205, an RS485 data interaction module 8, a station radio 9, a 4G module 10, and a PC-side monitoring system 11.

[0046] The inclination angle measurement unit 2 is placed inside the guide rail tube 5, the inclination angle measurement units 2 are connected in series through the series hinge 211, and the top end of the inclination angle measurement unit 2 is suspended at the orifice through the orifice bracket 4.

[0047] The guide rail tube 5 is installed in a geotechnical measurement hole and serves as the moving track of the inclination angle measurement unit 2. A filling material 6 can be used to fill the gap between the guide rail tube 5 and the hole wall 7.

[0048] The gravity type telescopic deformeter 3 is hinged to the lowermost inclination angle measurement unit 2.

[0049] The communication lines 205 connect the lines of each inclination angle measurement unit 2 in parallel.

[0050] The RS485 data interaction module 8 receives the data of the communication line at the orifice.

[0051] The station radio 9 controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8 in an area wirelessly and receives the data of the multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8.

[0052] The 4G module 10 uploads the data of the station radio 9 to the Internet.

[0053] The PC-side monitoring system 11 receives the angle data of the inclination angle measurement units 2 in each measurement hole of each station radio 9 in the Internet and converts the angle data into displacement data in real time.

[0054] In a possible implementation manner, the inclination angle measurement unit 2 is used to monitor the angle change of the guide rail tube 5, and the inclination angle measurement unit 2 has a unique IP address.

[0055] In a possible implementation manner, the inclination angle measurement unit 2 includes an inclination sensor 201 and a framework 202. The inclination sensor 201 is used to measure the angles in three directions of X, Y, and Z at one time. The framework 202 is used to support the inclination sensor 201. There are series hinge mounting holes at both ends of the framework 202. The framework 202 includes two inclination angle measurement units 2, and the series hinge 211 connects the two inclination angle measurement units 2 end to end. The series hinge 211 disassembles the inclination angle measurement unit 2 into single sections, and the series hinge 211 is used for assembling the inclination angle measurement unit 2. The inclination angle measurement unit 2 can be reused after being taken out of the guide rail tube 5.

[0056] In a possible implementation, pulleys 203 are provided at both ends of the framework 202. A groove is provided on the inner wall of the guide rail tube 5. The pulley 203 moves within the groove of the guide rail tube 5, enabling the pulley 203 to slide within the groove without deviation.

[0057] Refer to the attached drawings of the specification Figure 2 , which shows the overall structural schematic diagram of an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 In (a) is the front view. Figure 2 In (b) is the left view.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the inclination angle measurement unit 2 includes: an inclination sensor 201, a framework 202, pulleys 203, a steel torsion spring 204, a communication line 205, a framework screw hole 206, a pulley bearing 207, a pulley bracket 208, a framework screw rod 209, a framework positioning column 210, and a series hinge 211. The inclination sensor 201 is fixed in the middle of the framework 202. The framework screw rod 209 and the framework positioning column 210 pass through the framework screw hole 206 to connect two frameworks 202 together to form an overall support structure. The pulley 203 is fixed in the framework to support the framework in the guide rail tube 5 and is centered in the hole. The pulley 203 consists of a pulley bracket 208 and a pulley bearing 207, and the pulley bearing 207 can slide in the guide rail tube. The steel torsion spring 204 provides a supporting force during the rotation of the pulley 203. The communication line 205 is arranged on the framework 202 and is connected to the lines of each inclination sensor 201. The series hinge 211 is arranged at the end of the framework 202 for connecting two inclination angle measurement units 2.

[0059] Refer to the attached drawings of the specification Figure 3 , which shows the schematic diagram of the framework of an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 In (a) is the front view. Figure 3 In (b) is the left view.

[0060] Optionally, a plurality of framework screw holes 206 are arranged on the framework 202 for passing through the framework screw rod 209 and serving as the support structure for the steel torsion spring 204.

[0061] Refer to the attached drawings of the specification Figure 4 , which shows the schematic diagram of the pulley structure in an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 In (a) is the front view. Figure 4 In (b) is the top view.

[0062] Optionally, the pulley 203 includes a pulley bracket 208 and a pulley bearing 207 for the inclination angle measurement unit 2 to slide within the guide rail tube 5.

[0063] Refer to the attached instruction manual Figure 5 which shows a schematic structural diagram of a steel torsion spring in a pulley provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 wherein (a) in Figure 5 is a front view, Figure 5 and (b) in Figure 5 is a left view.

[0064] Optionally, the steel torsion spring 204 is fixed in the skeleton 202 by a skeleton screw rod 209 passing through the inside of the skeleton screw rod 209. One end thereof is supported on another skeleton screw rod 209, and the other end is supported on the pulley bracket 208, forming a reaction force system for supporting the contraction of the pulley 203 in the track tube.

[0065] Refer to the attached instruction manual Figure 6 which shows a schematic structural diagram of a series hinge provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 wherein (a) in Figure 6 is a front view, Figure 6 and (b) in Figure 6 is a left view.

[0066] Optionally, one end of the series hinge 211 is fixedly connected to the skeleton 202 by using 3 skeleton screw rods 209 without rotation, and the other end is connected to the skeleton 202 of another tilt angle measurement unit 2 by using 1 skeleton screw rod 209 and can rotate.

[0067] In a possible implementation manner, the fixing ring 405 is connected to the uppermost tilt angle measurement unit 2 through the series hinge 211. The fixing ring 405 is connected to the orifice bracket 4, and the orifice bracket 4 is connected to a concrete block fixed in the orifice soil. The orifice bracket 4 is provided with a skeleton screw rod 209, and the skeleton screw rod 209 is used to adjust the vertical position of the tilt angle measurement unit 2 up and down. After the tilt angle measurement unit 2 is installed, it is integrated with the skeleton screw rod 209.

[0068] Refer to the attached instruction manual Figure 8 which shows a schematic structural diagram of an orifice bracket provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Optionally, the orifice bracket 4 includes a support 401, a long screw rod 402, a screw hole 403, a wire outlet hole 404, a fixing ring 405, and a nut 406. The support 401 fixes the entire bracket 4 on the concrete base of the orifice. The wire outlet hole 404 is used to lead the communication line 205 out of the orifice. The long screw rod 402 passes through the screw hole 403 and can move up and down by rotation. The fixing ring 405 is used to connect the tilt angle measurement unit 2 at the top. The long screw rod 402 is used to control the up and down position of the tilt angle measurement unit 2, so that the entire measurement system composed of multiple tilt angle measurement units 2 can move up and down to adjust the gravity extensometer 3 at the bottom to a proper position.

[0070] In a possible implementation, the gap between the guide rail pipe 5 and the borehole wall 7 is filled with cement-soil slurry. A smooth film is wrapped around the outer side of the guide rail pipe 5, and the smooth film is used to enable the guide rail pipe 5 to slide vertically between the cement soil.

[0071] Refer to the attached instruction manual Figure 7 which shows a schematic structural diagram of a gravity type telescopic deformeter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] In a possible implementation, the gravity type telescopic deformeter 3 is hinged to the lowermost tilt angle measurement unit 2. The gravity type telescopic deformeter 3 is used to measure the vertical displacement of the lowermost tilt angle measurement unit 2. The displacement data output by the gravity type telescopic deformeter 3 is an RS485 signal and is connected to the communication line 205. A cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is fixed below the gravity type telescopic deformeter 3, and the gravity of the cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is greater than the pulling force required for the deformation of the gravity type telescopic deformeter 3. The cylindrical stainless steel block 301 contacts the bottom of the hole but is not bonded to the bottom of the hole, ensuring that the lower connecting ball head 304 does not move up and down. When the stroke of the gravity type telescopic deformeter 3 reaches the limit, the cylindrical stainless steel block 301 separates from the bottom of the hole. So as to take out the tilt angle measurement unit 2 from the hole. The cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is not connected to the bottom of the borehole, ensuring that the entire measuring device can be taken out of the hole.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the communication line 205 has the same length as each tilt angle measurement unit 2. The communication line 205 is docked with a waterproof aviation plug connector. The communication line 205 is disassembled together with each tilt angle measurement unit 2. The communication line 205 is a line bus. The communication line 205 passes through the sides of multiple tilt angle measurement units 2, and the lines of each tilt angle measurement unit 2 are connected in parallel in the communication line 205. The communication line 205 is connected to the RS485 data interaction module 8 at the hole opening.

[0074] In a possible implementation, the RS485 data interaction module 8 is used to identify the IP address of each tilt angle measurement unit 2 and forward instructions or receive data for each tilt angle measurement unit 2. The RS485 data interaction module 8 is arranged at the hole opening. The RS485 data interaction module 8 is connected to multiple tilt angle measurement units 2. The RS485 data interaction module 8 serves as a measuring point 1 at the hole opening.

[0075] In a possible implementation, the survey station radio 9 controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8. The survey station radio 9 sends instructions to multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8. The survey station radio 9 receives the data of multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8.

[0076] In a possible implementation, the PC - side monitoring system 11 receives the angle data of the tilt - angle measurement units 2 in each measuring hole of each measuring station in the Internet. The PC - side monitoring system 11 converts the received angle data into displacement data in real - time and draws a displacement change curve. The PC - side monitoring system 11 supports one - to - many sending of instructions. The one - to - many sending of instructions includes: sending instructions to all tilt - angle measurement units 2 at one time and receiving the returned data. The PC - side monitoring system 11 supports automated online real - time data acquisition.

[0077] Optionally, the calculation process of the PC - side monitoring system 11 converting the received angle data into horizontal displacement and vertical displacement data is as follows:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Where l i is the length of the i - th tilt - angle measurement unit, θ ix is the tilt angle of the i - th tilt - angle measurement unit in the x - direction, D x is the cumulative displacement in the x - direction, θ iy is the tilt angle of the i - th tilt - angle measurement unit in the y - direction, D y is the cumulative displacement in the y - direction, is the cumulative displacement change in the z - direction generated by the tilt of the guide tube at each point of the inclinometer sensor, D xy is the cumulative displacement in the x and y directions, φ iz is the slope angle of the i - th tilt - angle measurement unit in the z - direction; θ iz is the tilt angle of the i - th tilt - angle measurement unit in the z - direction.

[0081] Optionally, the calculation formula for the PC - side monitoring system 11 to convert the displacement data of the gravity - type telescopic deformeter 3 into vertical displacement is as follows:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Where, is the vertical displacement of the bottom - most inclinometer sensor, is the telescopic length of the gravity - type telescopic deformeter, which includes the vertical displacement caused by the settlement of the hole opening and the tilt of the guide tube, D z is the vertical displacement of the hole opening, and θ1 is the tilt angle of the bottom - most tilt - angle measurement unit.

[0085] Optionally, the PC - side monitoring system 11 calculates the soil movement direction in real - time from the received angle data as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, is the vector in the x direction; is the vector in the y direction; is the vector sum in the x and y directions, that is, the soil movement direction.

[0088] Refer to Appendix Figure 9 and Appendix Figure 10 , which are the schematic diagrams for calculating the cumulative horizontal displacement and vertical displacement provided by the embodiments of the present invention respectively. Taking the bottom sensor as the reference, the data of each tilt angle measurement unit 2 are accumulated to obtain the total displacement.

[0089] In summary, the main innovations of the present invention are as follows: (1) The device realizes the automatic acquisition and remote transmission of displacement data at multiple points in the same measuring hole. One measuring hole serves as one measuring point, and multiple measuring points form a measuring station. (2) Each tilt angle measurement unit in the device is designed with a unique IP address. The RS485 data interaction module can identify each measurement unit, send instructions to and receive data from all measurement units, realizing the one-to-many software and hardware control technology. (3) The tilt angle measurement unit in the device can simultaneously measure the angles of the X, Y, and Z axes. Among them, the X axis is used to calculate the horizontal displacement in the X direction of each point, the Y axis is used to calculate the horizontal displacement in the Y direction of each point, and the Z axis is the displacement change generated in the Z direction due to the tilt of the guide tube at each point by the tilt sensor. Combining the data of the gravity type telescopic deformeter, the vertical displacement of the hole opening and each point can be calculated. (4) A gravity type telescopic deformeter is designed at the bottom of the hole to realize the collaborative monitoring of the vertical displacement at the bottom of the hole, and an integrated monitoring method for the horizontal and vertical displacement fields is constructed. (5) Each tilt angle measurement unit can be freely assembled into any length on-site and can be reused after being taken out of the guide tube. (6) The monitoring system realizes the functions of saving and analyzing the data of multiple measuring holes and generating real-time displacement curves.

[0090] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention at least include:

[0091] In the present invention, the multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device realizes the automatic acquisition and transmission of dip angle data at multiple points in the same measuring hole, and designs a gravity-type telescopic deformeter at the bottom of the hole to realize the synchronous monitoring of vertical displacement, and constructs an integrated monitoring system for the horizontal and vertical displacement fields. The monitoring method can identify each measuring unit, send instructions to all measuring units and receive data, realizes the storage and analysis of data of multiple measuring holes and the real-time generation of displacement curves. The automatic monitoring improves the monitoring efficiency and reduces the monitoring cost. Each tilt angle measuring unit can be freely assembled into any length on site and reused after being taken out of the guide tube, which solves the problems of time-consuming for manual single-point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, and inability to monitor continuously in real time, as well as the disadvantages of existing probes such as inability to monitor automatically, discontinuous data, and inability to be flexibly spliced into any length on site, and can be widely applied to the monitoring and early warning of the instability process of rock masses in slope engineering.

[0092] The present invention also provides a multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring method, including using the multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device in the above embodiments to monitor slope displacement.

[0093] Specifically, the multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring method specifically includes:

[0094] S1: Place the guide tube into the on-site borehole, and use filling materials to fill the gap between the guide tube and the hole wall. After about 24 hours of solidification, prepare for the next step.

[0095] S2: Install the gravity-type telescopic deformeter 3 at the bottom of the first tilt angle measuring unit 2, connect its circuit to the communication line 205, connect the remaining tilt angle measuring units 2 in series using the series hinge 211 in sequence, and connect the circuits of each tilt angle measuring unit 2 in parallel to the communication line 205. After the series connection is completed, connect the top tilt angle measuring unit 2 to the fixed ring 405 in the hole mouth bracket 4 to obtain the series device.

[0096] S3: Place the series device into the guide tube, fix the hole mouth bracket 4 at the hole mouth, adjust the entire series device to a suitable position by adjusting the long screw 402. The suitable position is that the reading of the gravity-type telescopic deformeter 3 is at half of the range, and use a compass to position and record the X direction and Y direction of the sensor.

[0097] S4: Arrange the RS485 data interaction module 8 at the hole mouth, connect the communication line 205 to the terminal block, and package it with a waterproof rain cover to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0098] S5: Arrange the station radio 9 indoors within a range of 5 kilometers around, connect the station radio to the computer through the RS485 to USB module, and open the serial port software for reading and debugging.

[0099] S6: Connect the 4G module 10 to the survey station radio 9 to complete the data access to the network.

[0100] S7: Turn on the PC-side monitoring system 11 to start reading data, and use the data read for the first time as a reference for zeroing operation. Convert the received angle data into x-direction displacement data and y-direction displacement data in real time:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] where, l i is the length of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit, θ ix is the tilt angle of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit in the x direction, D x is the cumulative displacement in the x direction, θ iy is the tilt angle of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit in the y direction, D y is the cumulative displacement in the y direction, is the cumulative displacement change generated in the z direction due to the tilt of the guide tube at each point by the inclinometer, D xy is the cumulative displacement in the x and y directions, φ iz is the slope angle of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit in the z direction; θ iz is the tilt angle of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit in the z direction.

[0104] S8: Convert the displacement data of the gravity extensometer into z-direction displacement data.

[0105] It should be noted that the formula for the PC-side monitoring system to convert the displacement data of the gravity extensometer into vertical displacement is as follows:

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] where, is the vertical displacement of the lowermost inclinometer, is the telescopic length of the gravity extensometer, which includes the vertical displacement caused by the settlement of the hole mouth and the tilt of the guide tube, D z is the vertical displacement of the hole mouth, and θ1 is the tilt angle of the lowermost tilt angle measurement unit.

[0109] Furthermore, the PC-side monitoring system calculates the soil movement direction in real time from the received angle data as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, is a vector in the x direction; is a vector in the y direction; is the resultant vector in the x and y directions, that is, the soil movement direction.

[0112] Completing the above steps can achieve real-time automated long-term monitoring of slope displacement.

[0113] In a possible implementation manner, after S8, it further includes:

[0114] S9: Using a multi-layer stacked gated recurrent unit to predict the displacement in the x direction, the displacement in the y direction, and the displacement in the z direction.

[0115] Among them, the gated recurrent unit (GRU, Gated Recurrent Unit) is a variant of the recurrent neural network (RNN). It controls the flow of information through a gating mechanism, thereby retaining important information and filtering out unimportant parts, aiming to solve the problems of gradient vanishing and gradient explosion that may occur during long-time series processing in traditional RNNs.

[0116] The multi-layer stacked gated recurrent unit includes a first branch, a second branch, and a third branch. The first branch is used to predict the displacement in the x direction, the second branch is used to predict the displacement in the y direction, and the third branch is used to predict the displacement in the z direction.

[0117] Specifically, the displacement data in the x direction measured at each moment form an x-direction displacement sequence, the displacement data in the y direction measured at each moment form a y-direction displacement sequence, and the displacement data in the z direction measured at each moment form a z-direction displacement sequence. The displacement sequences are input into the first-layer gated recurrent unit to obtain the hidden state of the first-layer gated recurrent unit:

[0118]

[0119] Among them, z t represents the output vector of the update gate at time t, σ( ) represents the activation function, W uz represents the weight matrix between the input layer and the update gate, x t represents the input data at time t (x-direction displacement sequence, y-direction displacement sequence, or z-direction displacement sequence), W hz represents the self-connection weight matrix of the update gate between time t and time t - 1, represents the hidden state of the first-layer gated recurrent unit at time t - 1, b z represents the bias term of the update gate, r t represents the output vector of the reset gate at time t, W ur represents the weight matrix between the input layer and the reset gate, Whr denotes the self - connection weight matrix of the reset gate between time t and time t - 1, b r denotes the bias term of the reset gate, c t denotes the output vector of the candidate layer at time t, W uc denotes the weight matrix between the input layer and the candidate layer, W hc denotes the self - connection weight matrix of the candidate layer between time t and time t - 1, b c denotes the bias term of the candidate layer, denotes the element - wise product operation, denotes the hidden state of the first - layer gated recurrent unit at time t.

[0120] Input the hidden state of the (i - 1) - th layer gated recurrent unit into the i - th layer gated recurrent unit to obtain the hidden state of the i - th layer gated recurrent unit:

[0121]

[0122] where, denotes the hidden state of the (i - 1) - th layer gated recurrent unit at time t - 1, denotes the hidden state of the i - th layer gated recurrent unit at time t - 1, denotes the hidden state of the i - th layer gated recurrent unit at time t, .

[0123] It should be noted that using multiple - layer gated recurrent units means that each layer of GRU can further abstract and learn the features extracted by the previous layer. By passing the hidden state layer by layer, the step - by - step extraction and representation of features from simple to complex can be achieved. Multiple - layer GRUs can enhance the feature extraction ability of the model, especially for complex time series, and can capture deeper dynamic relationships in the data, improving the prediction accuracy.

[0124] Fuse the hidden states in the candidate layers of each layer of gated recurrent units through a fully - connected layer to extract the comprehensive hidden state of the displacement sequence:

[0125]

[0126] where, H denotes the comprehensive hidden state of the displacement sequence, β i denotes the fusion coefficient of the i - th layer gated recurrent unit.

[0127] Based on the comprehensive hidden state of the displacement sequence, perform displacement prediction:

[0128]

[0129] where, represents the displacement prediction value at time t+1 (cumulative displacement prediction value in the x direction, cumulative displacement prediction value in the y direction, or cumulative displacement prediction value in the z direction), σ( ) represents the activation function, and W y represents the prediction weight matrix, and b y represents the prediction bias term.

[0130] In the present invention, the multi-layer GRU enables the model to gradually deepen its understanding of time-series data in a progressive manner, enabling more accurate prediction of displacement data at different time scales, improving the overall prediction ability of the model. Especially in a complex slope environment, it can more accurately predict the future displacement change trend, helping to detect potential landslide risks earlier and take corresponding measures.

[0131] S10: Calculate the slope instability value based on the cumulative displacement prediction value in the x direction, the cumulative displacement prediction value in the y direction, and the cumulative displacement prediction value in the z direction.

[0132] Optionally, the slope instability value can be calculated by the degree to which the cumulative displacement prediction value in the x direction, the cumulative displacement prediction value in the y direction, and the cumulative displacement prediction value in the z direction exceed the safety threshold. The higher the degree of exceeding the safety threshold, the greater the slope instability value.

[0133] Optionally, the slope instability value can be calculated by an improved tangent angle model.

[0134] Specifically, based on the cumulative displacement prediction value in the x direction, the cumulative displacement prediction value in the y direction, and the cumulative displacement prediction value in the z direction, calculate the displacement prediction value:

[0135]

[0136] where D i represents the displacement prediction value at the i-th moment, represents the cumulative displacement prediction value vector in the x direction at the i-th moment, represents the cumulative displacement prediction value vector in the y direction at the i-th moment, represents the cumulative displacement prediction value vector in the z direction at the i-th moment

[0137] Calculate the cumulative displacement prediction value:

[0138]

[0139] where S i represents the cumulative displacement prediction value at the i-th moment, and D j represents the displacement prediction value at the j-th moment.

[0140] To make the displacement and time have the same dimension, perform data conversion on the cumulative displacement prediction value to determine the cumulative displacement-time curve:

[0141]

[0142] Among them, T(i) represents the ordinate value of the cumulative displacement-time curve at the i-th moment, and B represents the average rate.

[0143]

[0144] Among them, S n represents the cumulative displacement at the last monitoring moment, S0 represents the cumulative displacement at the initial moment, and t n represents the time at the last monitoring moment, and t0 represents the time at the initial moment.

[0145] According to the cumulative displacement-time curve, calculate the tangent angles at each moment:

[0146]

[0147] Among them, α represents the tangent angle, arctan represents the arctangent function, and t i represents the time at the i-th moment, and t i-1 represents the time at the (i - 1)-th moment.

[0148] In the present invention, an improved tangent angle model is used to calculate the instability value. This method can more comprehensively and dynamically reflect the three-dimensional deformation and instability trend of the slope. Especially in the case of long-term monitoring and complex slope environments, it can timely capture the changes in the displacement rate, provide earlier warning signals, and accurately evaluate the instability risk in a quantitative manner, which helps decision-makers take corresponding preventive measures.

[0149] S11: Conduct slope instability warning according to the slope instability value.

[0150] Optionally, use the tangent angle α as the slope instability value.

[0151] It should be noted that the tangent angle α is calculated from the displacement increment and time increment between adjacent points on the displacement-time curve. It essentially reflects the rate of displacement change. The deformation of the slope usually shows a gradual accumulation of displacement. If the tangent angle increases, it indicates that the deformation rate of the slope is accelerating, meaning that the risk of slope instability increases.

[0152] When the slope instability value at this time, the slope is in a stable state, there is no obvious displacement change, and the monitoring data shows that the slope situation is normal and there is no need for an alarm.

[0153] When the slope instability value at this time, the slope begins to show slight displacement, but has not reached the dangerous level. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring, but there is no need to take emergency measures, and a green warning is issued.

[0154] When the slope instability value is reached, the slope displacement increases and the risk is relatively high. It may be close to the unstable state. Immediate strengthening of monitoring and assessment is required, and preparations for emergency response should be made. A yellow warning should be issued.

[0155] When the slope instability value is reached, the slope displacement has reached the critical state and the possibility of instability is very high. It is necessary to immediately activate the emergency plan and take emergency measures such as personnel evacuation and slope reinforcement. A red warning should be issued.

[0156] In the present invention, according to the magnitude of the slope instability value, different warning levels (no warning, green warning, yellow warning, red warning) can be divided. Each warning level reflects the severity of the current deformation of the slope, ranging from slight deformation to the state of impending instability.

[0157] Furthermore, the hierarchical warning can help the monitoring personnel take corresponding measures according to the risk level, so as to achieve a step-by-step response. For example, in the yellow warning stage, the monitoring can be further strengthened, and in the red warning stage, the emergency plan can be immediately activated, such as personnel evacuation or slope reinforcement.

[0158] The multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring method provided by the present invention can utilize the various functions of the above-mentioned multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device and achieve the same or similar technical effects. To avoid repetition, the present invention will not elaborate.

[0159] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention at least include:

[0160] In the present invention, the multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device realizes the automatic acquisition and transmission of the dip angle data of multiple points in the same measuring hole, and a gravity type telescopic deformeter is designed at the bottom of the hole to realize the synchronous monitoring of the vertical displacement, and an integrated monitoring system of the horizontal and vertical displacement fields is constructed. The monitoring method can identify each measuring unit, send instructions to all measuring units and receive data, realize the storage and analysis of the data of multiple measuring holes and the real-time generation of the displacement curve. The automatic monitoring improves the monitoring efficiency and reduces the monitoring cost. Each tilt angle measuring unit can be freely assembled into any length on site and can be reused after being taken out of the guide tube, solving the problems of time-consuming for manual single-point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, and inability to continuously monitor in real time, as well as the disadvantages of the existing probes such as inability to automatically monitor, discontinuous data, and inability to be flexibly spliced into any length on site, and can be widely applied to the monitoring and warning of the instability process of rock masses in slope engineering.

[0161] The present invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions that are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. For the public to have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention even without the description of these details. Additionally, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits, etc. are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary confusion to the essence of the present invention.

[0162] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic monitoring device for slope displacement with a multi-point series connection type, characterized in that, Including: An inclination angle measurement unit, a series hinge, a guide rail tube, a fixing ring, an orifice bracket, a gravity type telescopic deformeter, a communication line, an RS485 data interaction module, a station radio, a 4G module, and a PC-side monitoring system; The inclination angle measurement unit is placed inside the guide rail tube, the inclination angle measurement units are connected in series through the series hinge, and the top end of the inclination angle measurement unit is suspended at the orifice through the orifice bracket; The guide rail tube is installed in a geotechnical measurement hole and serves as the moving track of the inclination angle measurement unit; The gravity type telescopic deformeter is hinged to the lowermost inclination angle measurement unit; The communication line connects the lines of each inclination angle measurement unit in parallel; The RS485 data interaction module receives the data of the communication line at the orifice; The station radio controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules in an area wirelessly and receives the data of multiple RS485 data interaction modules; The 4G module uploads the data of the station radio to the Internet; The PC-side monitoring system receives the angle data of the inclination angle measurement units in each measurement hole of each station radio in the Internet and converts the angle data into displacement data in real time; Wherein, the fixing ring is connected to the uppermost inclination angle measurement unit through the series hinge, the fixing ring is connected to the orifice bracket, the orifice bracket is connected to a concrete block fixed in the orifice soil body, the orifice bracket is provided with a skeleton screw rod, the skeleton screw rod is used to adjust the vertical position of the inclination angle measurement unit up and down, and after the inclination angle measurement unit is installed, it is integrated with the skeleton screw rod and does not slide along with the guide rail tube; Wherein, the gravity type telescopic deformeter is hinged to the lowermost inclination angle measurement unit; The gravity type telescopic deformeter is used to measure the vertical displacement of the lowermost inclination angle measurement unit; The displacement data output by the gravity type telescopic deformeter is an RS485 signal and is connected to the communication line; A cylindrical stainless steel block with a gravity greater than the tensile force required for the deformation of the gravity type telescopic deformeter is fixed below the gravity type telescopic deformeter; the cylindrical stainless steel block contacts the bottom of the hole but is not bonded to the bottom of the hole; When the stroke of the gravity type telescopic deformeter reaches the limit, the cylindrical stainless steel block is separated from the bottom of the hole so as to take out the inclination angle measurement unit from the hole.

2. The multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclination angle measurement unit is used to monitor the angle change of the guide rail tube, and the inclination angle measurement unit has a unique IP address.

3. The multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclination angle measurement unit includes an inclination sensor and a skeleton; The inclination sensor is used to measure the angles in three directions of X, Y, and Z at one time; The skeleton is used to support the inclination sensor; There are series hinge mounting holes at both ends of the skeleton; The skeletons of two inclination angle measurement units are connected end to end by the series hinge; The series hinge disassembles the inclination angle measurement unit into single sections, and the series hinge is used to freely assemble the inclination angle measurement unit into any splicing length; The tilt angle measurement unit is reused after being taken out from the guide pipe; Pulleys are arranged at both ends of the framework; The inner wall of the guide pipe has grooves; The pulleys are used to move in the grooves of the guide pipe.

4. The multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein, The gap between the guide pipe and the drilling hole wall is filled with cement-soil slurry, and a smooth film is wrapped around the outside of the guide pipe, and the smooth film is used to make the guide pipe slide vertically between the cement soil.

5. The multi-point series-connected automatic slope displacement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The communication line consists of multiple sections; the communication line is the same length as each tilt angle measurement unit; the communication line is docked with a waterproof aviation plug connector; the communication line is disassembled together with each tilt angle measurement unit; the communication line is a line bus; the communication line passes through the sides of multiple tilt angle measurement units, and the lines of each tilt angle measurement unit are connected in parallel in the communication line; the communication line is connected to the RS485 data interaction module at the hole opening; The RS485 data interaction module is used to identify the IP address of each tilt angle measurement unit, and forward instructions or receive data for each tilt angle measurement unit; the RS485 data interaction module is arranged at the hole opening; the RS485 data interaction module accesses multiple tilt angle measurement units; the RS485 data interaction module is used as a measurement point at the hole opening; The survey station radio controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules; the survey station radio sends instructions to multiple RS485 data interaction modules; the survey station radio receives data from multiple RS485 data interaction modules.

6. The multi-point series-connected slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that The PC-side monitoring system receives the angle data of the tilt angle measurement units in each measuring hole of each survey station in the Internet; the PC-side monitoring system converts the received angle data into displacement data in real time and draws a displacement change curve; the PC-side monitoring system realizes one-to-many sending of instructions, that is, sends instructions to all tilt angle measurement units at one time and receives the returned data, and the PC-side monitoring system can automatically collect data online in real time; The calculation process of the PC-side monitoring system converting the received angle data into horizontal displacement and vertical displacement data is as follows: ； ； Among them, l i is the length of the i th segment, θ ix is the inclination angle of the i th segment in the x direction, D x is the cumulative displacement in the x direction, θ iy is the inclination angle of the i th segment in the y direction, D y is the cumulative displacement in the y direction, which is the cumulative displacement change generated by the inclination of the guide tube at each point by the inclination sensor in the z direction, D xy is the x and y cumulative displacement resultant in the direction; The calculation principle of the PC-side monitoring system converting the displacement data of the gravity type telescopic deformometer into vertical displacement is as follows: ； ； Among them, is the vertical displacement of the bottommost inclination sensor, is the telescopic length of the gravity-type telescopic deformeter, which includes the vertical displacement caused by the settlement of the hole mouth and the inclination of the guide pipe, D z is the vertical displacement of the hole mouth, θ 1 is the inclination angle of the bottommost tilt angle measurement unit; The PC-side monitoring system calculates the soil movement direction in real time from the received angle data as follows: ； Among them, is x a vector in the direction; y is a vector in the direction; x and y are the resultant vector in the direction, that is, the soil movement direction.

7. An automatic monitoring method for slope displacement in a multi-point series connection type, characterized in that, Using the multi-point series type slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the monitoring method includes: S1: Place the guide pipe into the on-site drilling hole, and fill the gap between the guide pipe and the hole wall with a filling material. Wait for about 24 hours after solidification to prepare for the next step; S2: Install the gravity type telescopic deformometer at the bottom of the first tilt angle measurement unit, connect its line to the communication line, connect the remaining tilt angle measurement units in series with a series hinge in sequence, and connect the lines of each tilt angle measurement unit in parallel in the communication line; after the series connection is completed, connect the top tilt angle measurement unit to the fixed ring in the hole opening bracket; S3: Place the connected series device into the guide tube, fix the orifice bracket at the orifice, and adjust the entire series device to a proper position by adjusting the long screw, i.e., the reading of the gravity type telescopic deformeter is at half of the range, and use a compass to position and record the X and Y directions of the sensor; S4: Arrange an RS485 data interaction module at the orifice, connect the communication line to the terminal block, and package it with a waterproof rain cover to prevent rainwater from entering; S5: Arrange a station radio within the indoor area of a 5-kilometer radius, connect it to a computer using an RS485 to USB module, and open the serial port software for reading and debugging; S6: Connect the 4G module to the station radio to complete the data access to the network; S7: Open the PC - side monitoring system to start reading data, and use the data read for the first time as a benchmark for zeroing operation, and convert the received angle data into x direction displacement data and y direction displacement data; S8: Convert the displacement data of the gravity extensometer into z directional displacement data.

8. The automatic monitoring method for multi-point series-connected slope displacement according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the said S8, it further includes: S9: Use a multi-layer stacked gated recurrent unit to predict x the displacement in the y direction, the displacement in the z direction, and the displacement in the S10: According to x the predicted value of cumulative displacement in the y direction, the predicted value of cumulative displacement in the z direction, calculate the slope instability value; S11: Conduct slope instability early warning according to the slope instability value.

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