High-altitude scaffold environmental monitoring device and method based on wind energy friction nanogenerator

Abstract

The application relates to a high-altitude scaffold environment monitoring device and method based on a wind energy friction nanogenerator, and belongs to the high-altitude scaffold environment detection field. The device comprises a wind energy friction nanogenerator, an energy management circuit, an environment monitoring sensor, a data processing unit and an alarm device; the wind energy friction nanogenerator is installed on the scaffold to collect low-frequency wind energy in the environment and convert the low-frequency wind energy into electric energy, the electric energy is stored into an energy storage capacitor through the energy management circuit, so as to drive the environment monitoring sensor; subsequently, data collected by the environment monitoring sensor is sent to the data processing unit for analysis, the working safety of the scaffold environment is judged according to a preset environment threshold value, when actual data exceeds the preset range, the alarm device is triggered to issue an alarm, and workers are timely reminded that there is a safety hazard in using the scaffold under the environment. The application can effectively prevent the safety and stability of the workers when working with the scaffold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of high-altitude scaffolding environment detection, and relates to a high-altitude scaffolding environment monitoring device and method based on a wind-energy friction nanogenerator. Background Art

[0002] Scaffolding environmental monitoring is a crucial safety measure. It monitors changes in the scaffolding environment in real time, promptly identifying anomalies and alerting workers to take corrective action, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the scaffolding and the safety of construction workers. Currently, sensors used for scaffolding environmental monitoring on the market rely on traditional external power sources, such as batteries. However, these power sources have drawbacks such as environmental concerns, high costs, and aging.

[0003] Therefore, a novel high-altitude scaffolding environmental monitoring method is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In light of this, the present invention aims to provide a high-altitude scaffolding environmental monitoring device and method based on a wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator, designed to effectively monitor changes in the scaffold's surrounding environment and improve the safety and stability of scaffolding operations. Furthermore, the device is suitable for scaffolding constructed in various environments and terrains, collecting low-frequency wind energy from the surrounding environment. Energy management circuits drive sensors to monitor the surrounding environment, providing reliable protection for the safe operation of the scaffolding and the safety of workers.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-altitude scaffolding environmental monitoring device based on a wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising a wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator, an energy management circuit, an environmental monitoring sensor, a data processing unit, and an alarm device;

[0007] The wind-energy friction nanogenerator is installed on the scaffolding to collect low-frequency wind energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy. The electrical energy is stored in the energy storage capacitor through the energy management circuit, thereby driving the sensor that monitors the environment; then, the data collected by the sensor that monitors the environment is sent to the data processing unit for analysis, and the working safety of the scaffolding environment is judged according to the preset environmental threshold. When the actual data exceeds the preset range, the alarm device is triggered to sound an alarm, promptly reminding the staff that there are safety hazards in using the scaffolding in this environment.

[0008] Preferably, the wind-energy triboelectric nanogenerator comprises a wind-driven rotor, a triboelectric power generation unit, and a stator; when the wind-driven rotor rotates under the drive of wind, the triboelectric power generation unit generates electric charge and outputs pulsed alternating current;

[0009] The stator includes a support structure and a bottom end disc;

[0010] The wind-driven rotor includes a wind cup, a top disc, and a central shaft. The central shaft passes through the centers of the wind cup, the support structure, and the top disc from top to bottom, and is connected to the bottom disc via a bearing. The wind cup rotates under the action of wind force, driving the top disc to rotate together.

[0011] The friction power generation unit includes a dielectric friction electric layer installed on the lower surface of the top disk, an electrode layer installed on the upper surface of the bottom disk, and a mechanical switch structure.

[0012] Preferably, the dielectric triboelectric layer is installed on the top disk and consists of a group of two fan-shaped units arranged at equal center angles, with the angle between each unit and the interval being 90°. Each fan-shaped unit has a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film fixed on both sides and covering the bottom space of the fan-shaped unit as a triboelectric surface; the film is also fan-shaped and appropriately larger than the unit, so that the middle part of the film can naturally arch up and contact the stator, avoiding hard friction between the film and the stator.

[0013] Preferably, the electrode layer is installed on the bottom disk and consists of two groups of four sector-shaped units spaced 5° apart, with each sector-shaped unit fixing a copper foil; each adjacent sector-shaped area has opposite polarity and belongs to a different electrode group; the electrodes of the same group are connected by a circuit etched on the other side of the bottom disk.

[0014] Preferably, the mechanical switch structure has four pairs of contacts on the bottom disk on one side and a pair of contacts made of a copper ring installed on the top disk on the other side. When the wind cup drives the top disk to rotate one circle, while the FEP film of the dielectric friction electric layer and the copper foil of the electrode layer rub against each other, the top contacts will contact the four pairs of contacts on the bottom disk in turn. Each time a contact occurs, a pulse voltage will be generated at the output end, and four pulse voltages will appear when the friction power generation unit rotates one circle.

[0015] Preferably, the energy management circuit includes a matching transformer, a fast recovery diode and an energy storage capacitor; when the friction nanogenerator outputs a pulse voltage, energy is input into the primary coil of the matching transformer, thereby forming a changing magnetic field in the transformer, generating an induced voltage in the secondary coil, and inputting the energy into the energy storage capacitor through the fast recovery diode.

[0016] Preferably, the key factor in selecting the matching transformer is to select the magnetic core AP of appropriate size, according to the maximum output energy E of the friction nanogenerator. in Calculated AP 计算值 :

[0017]

[0018] Among them, U in , I in 、f sw , K u , J and ΔB are the transformer input voltage (V), input current (A), switching frequency (kHZ), window utilization, current density (Amm -2 ) and the change of magnetic flux density (T); P in is the transformer input power, T is the switching period;

[0019] Actual AP value of the core 实际值 The effective cross-sectional area A of the core e and the core window area A w The product is:

[0020] AP 实际值 =A e ×A w

[0021] The principle of selecting a suitable core for the matching transformer is: when selecting the AP of the core 实际值 >AP 计算值 The transformer can fully transfer energy from the input to the output.

[0022] Preferably, when the wind-energy friction nanogenerator is driven by the wind to rotate the rotor, friction occurs between the dielectric friction electric layer (FEP film) and the electrode layer (copper foil); when the dielectric friction electric layer (FEP film) completely overlaps with the first group of electrodes in the electrode layer, the potential difference between the two electrode groups reaches a maximum; at the same time, the contacts of the mechanical switch mechanism are closed, and a pulse current is generated in the external circuit; as the dielectric friction electric layer (FEP film) rotates, the contacts of the mechanical switch mechanism are disconnected, the external circuit is in an open state, and the wind-energy friction nanogenerator enters the energy accumulation process; as the dielectric friction electric layer (FEP film) continues to rotate, when the dielectric friction electric layer (FEP film) overlaps with the second group of electrodes in the electrode layer, the accumulated energy reaches a maximum, and at the same time, the contacts of the mechanical switch mechanism are closed again, and a reverse pulse current is generated in the external circuit; as the dielectric friction electric layer (FEP film) rotates, the contacts of the mechanical switch mechanism are disconnected, and the wind-energy friction nanogenerator enters the energy accumulation process again; therefore, there are two positive pulse signals and two negative pulse signals in one cycle of the wind-energy friction nanogenerator.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention lie in: It primarily utilizes a triboelectric nanogenerator to adapt to the environment and collect wind energy, and uses an energy management circuit to power sensors to achieve scaffolding environmental monitoring. A triboelectric nanogenerator is a new type of micro-generator that generates electricity from the friction between materials. It boasts advantages such as low cost, simple structure, compact size, fast response speed, and no need for an external power supply. It effectively protects the safety and stability of construction workers working on scaffolding, and has important social and economic significance. By using an efficient energy management circuit to maximize the delivery of collected energy to sensors, it is possible to monitor changes in the scaffolding's surrounding environment in real time, and by comparing it with environmental thresholds, it can infer whether the scaffolding is suitable for operation in that environment.

[0024] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the wind energy tribo-nanogenerator in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is the energy management circuit diagram based on the wind energy friction nanogenerator in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wind energy tribo-nanogenerator on the scaffolding of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a working principle diagram of the wind energy friction nanogenerator in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a simulation comparison diagram of the energy management circuit based on the wind energy tribonanogenerator in the present invention and directly charging a 100μF capacitor without using the energy management circuit;

[0031] Figure numerals: 1-wind cup, 2-support structure, 3-top disc, 4-bottom disc, 5-mechanical switch structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TGN) designed in this invention. The TGN comprises a wind-driven rotor, a triboelectric unit, and a stator. The stator includes a support structure and a bottom disk. The wind-driven rotor consists of a wind cup, a top disk, and a central axis. The support structure and wind cup are made of acrylic. The wind cup rotates under the influence of wind, driving the top disk along with it.

[0036] The triboelectric unit consists of a dielectric triboelectric layer mounted on the top disk, an electrode layer mounted on the bottom disk, and a mechanical switch structure. The top and bottom disks are made of double-sided copper-clad laminate (material: FR-4) etched.

[0037] The dielectric triboelectric layer is mounted on the underside of the top disc and consists of a set of two equicentric, angularly spaced sector units, each unit and the spacing at a 90° angle. Each sector unit has a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film fixed on both sides, covering the bottom space of the unit as the triboelectric surface. The film is also sector-shaped and slightly larger than the unit, allowing the middle portion of the film to naturally arch and contact the stator, preventing hard friction between the film and the stator.

[0038] The electrode layer is mounted on the bottom disk and consists of two groups of four sector-shaped units spaced 5° apart, with a copper foil attached to each sector. Adjacent sectors have opposite polarity and belong to different electrode groups. Electrodes in the same group are connected via circuitry etched on the other side of the bottom disk.

[0039] One side of the mechanical switch structure is four pairs of contacts on the bottom disk, and the other side is a pair of contacts made of copper rings installed on the top disk. When the wind cup drives the top disk to rotate one circle, while the FEP film and copper foil rub against each other, the top contacts will contact the four pairs of contacts on the bottom disk in turn. Each time there is contact, a pulse voltage will be generated at the output end. When the friction power generation unit rotates one circle, four pulse voltages will appear.

[0040] Figure 2 This diagram shows the energy management circuit for the wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator in this invention. The energy management circuit consists of a matching transformer, a fast recovery diode, and a storage capacitor. Its operating principle is that when the triboelectric nanogenerator outputs a pulsed voltage, energy is input into the transformer's primary coil, creating a changing magnetic field within the transformer. This induces a voltage in the secondary coil, which then transfers energy to the storage capacitor via the fast recovery diode.

[0041] In order to improve the energy transmission efficiency, the present invention uses a matching transformer in the energy management circuit. The key factor is to select the appropriate size of the magnetic core AP. The traditional calculation formula based on the transformer input power is:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, U in , I in , f sw , K u , J and ΔB are input voltage (V), input current (A), switching frequency (kHZ), window utilization, current density (A mm -2 ) and the change in magnetic flux density (T).

[0044] The maximum output energy of the triboelectric nanogenerator, that is, the energy that can be input by the transformer, can be approximately given by its capacitance model:

[0045]

[0046] The relationship between transformer input energy, input power and switching frequency is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Therefore, the AP calculated based on the maximum energy output of the triboelectric nanogenerator can be 计算值 :

[0049]

[0050] The actual AP value of the core is determined by the effective cross-sectional area (A e ) and the core window area (A w ) multiplied by the product:

[0051] AP 实际值 =A e ×A w

[0052] The principle of selecting a suitable core for a matching transformer is as follows: when the AP of the core 实际值 >AP 计算值 The transformer can fully transfer energy from the input to the output.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wind energy friction nanogenerator on the scaffolding in the present invention.

[0054] The wind energy friction nanogenerator, energy management circuit, and sensor equipment are fixed on the scaffolding. The wind energy is collected by the wind energy friction nanogenerator and converted into electrical energy to power the sensor. Taking into account the actual requirements of the scaffolding, fixation methods such as clamps or clamping devices, glue or tape fixation, and special integrated structure fixation can be adopted to ensure the normal operation of the wind energy friction nanogenerator on the scaffolding and the accuracy of the sensor's collection of environmental data.

[0055] When low-frequency wind energy (<5ms -1 ), wind forces act on the wind cups, causing friction between the top disc (FEP film) and the bottom disc (copper foil). This generates an AC pulse voltage through a mechanical switch on the device. This voltage is then matched to the transformer in the energy management circuit, generating a changing magnetic field in the transformer, which in turn generates an induced voltage in the secondary coil. This energy is then stored in the energy storage capacitor via a fast recovery diode, which then powers the sensor. Finally, the sensor data is sent to the data acquisition system. The data acquisition system compares the received data with the preset values. If the values ​​exceed the preset range, an alarm signal is issued to promptly alert workers that the use of scaffolding in this environment poses a safety hazard. Construction workers should be instructed to stop high-altitude work as soon as possible to reduce safety hazards.

[0056] Figure 4 The working principle diagram of the wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator is shown in the figure. When the wind drives the wind cup to rotate, the dielectric triboelectric layer (FEP film) and the electrode layer (copper foil) rub against each other. When the FEP film completely overlaps with the first electrode group, the potential difference between the two electrode groups reaches its maximum. At the same time, the mechanical switch contacts are closed, generating a pulse current in the external circuit, such as Figure 4 As shown in a. Subsequently, the potential difference of the wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator drops to 0, and the potentials of the two friction surfaces reach equilibrium. As the FEP film continues to rotate, the mechanical switch contacts are immediately disconnected, and the external circuit is in an open circuit state. Therefore, no charge transfer occurs between the two friction surfaces. The wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention enters the energy accumulation process, and the potential difference gradually increases, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in b. As the FEP film continues to rotate, when the FEP film overlaps with the second electrode group, the accumulated energy reaches the maximum again. At the same time, the mechanical switch contacts close again and a reverse pulse current is generated in the external circuit, as shown in Figure 4 As shown in Figure c. As the FEP film rotates again, the mechanical switch contacts are disconnected, and the wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator enters the energy accumulation process again, as shown in Figure d. Figure 4 Therefore, there are two positive pulse signals and two negative pulse signals in one cycle of the wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a simulation comparison diagram of the energy management circuit based on the wind energy friction nanogenerator in the present invention and directly charging a 100μF capacitor without using an energy management circuit. Figure 5 (a) shows the use of the energy management circuit to charge a 100μF capacitor. It can be seen that the capacitor can be charged to 1.715V after the wind energy tribonanogenerator works for 10s. Figure 5 Figure (b) shows charging a 100μF capacitor without the use of an energy management circuit. It can be seen that the capacitor can be charged to 0.502V after 10s of operation. This simulation result demonstrates that charging the capacitor with the energy management circuit is more than three times faster than charging without it. This demonstrates that the energy management circuit improves the energy conversion efficiency of the wind-energy triboelectric nanogenerator. It also demonstrates that the wind-energy triboelectric nanogenerator, through the energy management circuit, can convert wind energy into electrical energy, and after a period of continuous operation, it can power subsequent environmental monitoring sensors.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-altitude scaffolding environmental monitoring device based on a wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: The device includes a wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator, an energy management circuit, a sensor for monitoring the environment, a data processing unit, and an alarm device; The wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator is installed on the scaffolding to collect low-frequency wind energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy. The electrical energy is stored in the energy storage capacitor through the energy management circuit, thereby driving the sensor that monitors the environment. Subsequently, the data collected by the sensor monitoring the environment is sent to the data processing unit for analysis. The working safety of the scaffolding environment is judged based on the preset environmental threshold. When the actual data exceeds the preset range, the alarm device is triggered to sound an alarm, promptly reminding the staff that there are safety hazards in using the scaffolding in this environment. The wind-powered triboelectric nanogenerator includes a wind-driven rotor, a triboelectric power generation unit, and a stator. When the wind-driven rotor rotates under the drive of wind, the triboelectric power generation unit generates electric charge and outputs pulsed alternating current. The stator includes a support structure and a bottom end disc; The wind-driven rotor includes a wind cup, a top disc, and a central shaft. The central shaft passes through the centers of the wind cup, the support structure, and the top disc from top to bottom, and is connected to the bottom disc via a bearing. The wind cup rotates under the action of wind force, driving the top disc to rotate together. The triboelectric unit comprises a dielectric triboelectric layer mounted on the lower surface of the top disc, an electrode layer mounted on the upper surface of the bottom disc, and a mechanical switch structure; The dielectric triboelectric layer is mounted on the top disk and consists of a set of two sector-shaped units spaced at equal center angles. The angle between each unit and the interval is 90 degrees. Each sector-shaped unit has a film fixed on both sides, covering the bottom space of the sector-shaped unit as a triboelectric surface. The film is sector-shaped and slightly larger than the sector-shaped unit, so that the middle part of the film can naturally arch and contact the stator, avoiding hard friction between the film and the stator. The electrode layer is mounted on the bottom disk and consists of two groups of four sector-shaped units spaced 5 degrees apart, with a copper foil fixed to each sector. Each adjacent sector-shaped area has opposite polarity and belongs to a different electrode group. The electrodes in the same group are connected by a circuit etched on the other side of the bottom disk. The mechanical switch structure has four pairs of contacts on the bottom disc on one side and a pair of contacts made of copper rings mounted on the top disc on the other side. When the wind cup drives the top disc to rotate one circle, while the thin film of the dielectric triboelectric layer and the copper foil of the electrode layer rub against each other, the top contacts will sequentially contact the four pairs of contacts on the bottom disc. Each time a contact occurs, a pulse voltage will be generated at the output end. When the triboelectric power generation unit rotates one circle, four pulse voltages will appear. The energy management circuit includes a matching transformer, a fast recovery diode, and an energy storage capacitor. When the triboelectric nanogenerator outputs a pulse voltage, energy is input into the primary coil of the matching transformer, thereby forming a changing magnetic field in the transformer, generating an induced voltage in the secondary coil, and inputting energy into the energy storage capacitor through the fast recovery diode. The key factor in selecting the matching transformer is to select the appropriate size of the magnetic core AP according to the maximum output energy of the friction nanogenerator. Calculated : in, 、 、 、 、 and They are the changes of the transformer’s input voltage, input current, switching frequency, window utilization, current density, and magnetic flux density; is the transformer input power, is the switching cycle; Actual AP value of the core The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the core and core window area The product is: The principle of selecting a suitable magnetic core for the matching transformer is: The transformer can fully transfer energy from the input to the output.

2. The high-altitude scaffolding environment monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the wind-driven rotor of the wind-energy triboelectric nanogenerator rotates, friction occurs between the dielectric triboelectric layer and the electrode layer. When the dielectric triboelectric layer completely overlaps with the first set of electrodes in the electrode layer, the potential difference between the two electrode groups reaches a maximum. Simultaneously, the mechanical switch mechanism contacts close, generating a pulse current in the external circuit. As the dielectric triboelectric layer rotates, the mechanical switch mechanism contacts disconnect, the external circuit is in an open state, and the wind-energy triboelectric nanogenerator enters an energy accumulation process. As the dielectric triboelectric layer continues to rotate, when the dielectric triboelectric layer overlaps with the second set of electrodes in the electrode layer, the accumulated energy reaches its maximum. At the same time, the contacts of the mechanical switch mechanism close again, and a reverse pulse current is generated in the external circuit. As the dielectric triboelectric layer rotates, the contacts of the mechanical switch mechanism open, and the wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator enters the energy accumulation process again. Therefore, there are two positive pulse signals and two negative pulse signals in one cycle of the wind energy friction nanogenerator.

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