Quantum sensing module and quantum current transformer

Abstract

The invention relates to a quantum current transformer, in particular to a quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer, and the quantum sensing module comprises an electromagnetic conversion collection module, a diamond NV sensing chip, a microwave module, a circulator, a laser module, a photoelectric conversion module, a magnetic flux regulation and control module and a phase locking module. Reverse current control is achieved through the arranged magnetic flux regulation and control module, the coil enables a magnetic field induced at the NV color center to be always in a small range, the problem that the magnetic field under large current is directly induced through the diamond NV color center, consequently, the fluorescence intensity is weakened, and the accuracy is reduced is solved, magnetic flux is regulated and controlled through a reverse winding to keep dynamic balance, and the fluorescence intensity is improved. According to the quantum current sensor, the problem of hysteresis of the magnetism gathering ring is effectively avoided, so that the linear error of the quantum current sensor is improved, and the diamond NV sensing chip can always work in the optimal state and is not influenced by the bandwidth of a microwave antenna due to the fact that the magnetic flux is almost not changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a quantum current transformer, and in particular to a quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer. Background Art

[0002] In today's scientific and technological development, current precision sensing technology plays a vital role in the fields of new energy applications, national defense and military industry, industrial detection and power grid systems. The traditional current measurement method based on current shunt is easy to affect the circuit and even change the working state of the current. Therefore, the preparation of high-precision and high-stability current sensors usually requires non-contact measurement to reduce interference with the original circuit; current will generate a magnetic field in space, and non-contact measurement can be achieved by measuring the magnetic field; at present, open-loop non-contact measurement mainly includes Hall sensors based on the Hall effect, Rogowski coils based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and Ampere's loop law, and optical current sensors based on Faraday's magneto-optical effect. In recent years, domestic and foreign research groups have carried out a lot of research on these sensors and achieved considerable results, but there are still certain limitations, such as the sensors are easily affected by temperature, the requirements for materials are too high, and the anti-interference ability is weak, making it difficult to further improve the sensitivity and stability of the sensors;

[0003] Existing electromagnetic measurement technologies are often based on confocal systems, which involve bulky and large experimental equipment with complex structures. In addition, the magnetic measurement range is often limited by the antenna bandwidth, making it difficult to promote. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0006] A quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer include an electromagnetic conversion collection module, a diamond NV sensor chip, a microwave module, a circulator, a laser module, a photoelectric conversion module, a magnetic flux control module and a phase-locked module, wherein the microwave module is connected to a host computer.

[0007] Preferably, the electromagnetic conversion collection module includes a magnetic focusing ring and a packaging shell. The magnetic focusing ring is open at one end. A diamond NV sensor chip is arranged inside the magnetic focusing ring. The diamond NV sensor chip includes diamond and a probe. The rear electrical signal of the probe is connected to a circulator, and the diamond is connected to a microwave module. The outer electrical signal of the circulator is connected to a laser module and an electrical conversion module. The photoelectric conversion module, the phase-locked module and the flux control module are electrically connected in sequence, and the flux control module is connected to the magnetic focusing ring wires.

[0008] Preferably, the microwave module includes an FPGA module, a first digital-to-analog converter, a low-pass filter and a microwave signal amplifier. The FPGA module, the first digital-to-analog converter, the low-pass filter and the microwave signal amplifier are electrically connected in sequence, and the microwave signal amplifier is electrically connected to the diamond.

[0009] Preferably, the laser module includes a laser source, a spectrometer and a coupler, the photoelectric conversion module includes a first photodetector, a second photodetector, a filter, a first analog-to-digital converter and a bandpass filter, the spectrometer is electrically connected to the first photodetector, the circulator, the filter and the second photodetector are electrically connected in sequence, and the first photodetector, the bandpass filter, the first analog-to-digital converter and the FPGA module are electrically connected in sequence.

[0010] Preferably, the phase-locked module includes a modulation unit and a modulation module, and the modulation unit, the second photodetector, the flux control module and the modulation module are electrically connected.

[0011] Preferably, the flux control module includes a second analog-to-digital converter, a computing module, a second digital-to-analog converter, a coil and a power amplifier. The outer wall of the magnetic focusing ring is wound with a coil, and the coil and the power amplifier, the second digital-to-analog converter, the computing module, the second analog-to-digital converter and the modulation unit are connected in sequence by electrical signals.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] The present invention realizes laser input from a laser source to a spectrometer to a circulator by setting a microwave module, a laser module and a photoelectric conversion module, and uses a probe to reference laser light to diamond. The circulator transmits the fluorescence signal to a filter and a second photodetector, and transmits the signal to the microwave module through a second analog-to-digital converter and a bandpass filter. The first digital-to-analog converter and the low-pass filter in the microwave module input the microwave into the deep NV color center inside the diamond.

[0014] Reverse current control is achieved through the set flux control module. The coil keeps the magnetic field induced at the NV color center within a smaller range, avoiding the problem of directly inducing the magnetic field under large current through the diamond NV color center, which leads to weakening of fluorescence intensity and reduced accuracy. The magnetic flux is controlled by the reverse winding to maintain dynamic balance, which effectively avoids the hysteresis problem of the magnetic focusing ring, thereby improving the linear error of the quantum current sensor. Since the magnetic flux hardly changes, the diamond NV sensor chip can always work in the best state and is not affected by the bandwidth of the microwave antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a system schematic diagram of the electromagnetic conversion collection module and the circulator in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 is a system schematic diagram of the microwave module in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a system schematic diagram of the photoelectric conversion module and the laser module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1-4 A quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer include an electromagnetic conversion collection module 2, a diamond NV sensor chip 3, a microwave module 4, a circulator 5, a laser module 6, a photoelectric conversion module 7, a flux control module 8 and a phase-locked module 9. The laser module 6 provides a laser signal in the circulator 5, and the photoelectric conversion module 7 transmits and converts the fluorescence signal to the microwave module 4, so that the microwave is input into the deep NV color center inside the diamond NV sensor chip 3, and the reverse current is controlled by the flux control module 8.

[0023] The electromagnetic conversion collection module 2 includes a magnetic focusing ring 10 and a packaging shell 33. The magnetic focusing ring 10 is an unsealed rectangular ring structure. A diamond NV sensor chip 3 is arranged in the magnetic focusing ring 10. The diamond NV sensor chip 3 includes a diamond 11 and a probe 12. The rear electrical signal of the probe 12 is connected to a circulator 5. The diamond 11 is connected to a microwave module 4. The outer electrical signal of the circulator 5 is connected to a laser module 6 and an electrical conversion module 7. The photoelectric conversion module 7, the phase-locking module 9 and the magnetic flux control module 8 are electrically connected in sequence. The magnetic flux control module 8 is connected to the magnetic focusing ring 10 by electric wires. The probe 12 is used to transmit the circulator 5 signal to the diamond 11.

[0024] The microwave module 4 includes an FPGA module 13, a first digital-to-analog converter 14, a low-pass filter 15 and a microwave signal amplifier 16. The FPGA module 13, the first digital-to-analog converter 14, the low-pass filter 15 and the microwave signal amplifier 16 are electrically connected in sequence, and the microwave signal amplifier 16 is electrically connected to the diamond 11; the first digital-to-analog converter 14 is used to convert the digital signal generated by the FPGA module 13 into a modulation signal, the low-pass filter 15 is used to filter out the low-frequency noise of the modulation signal, and the output end of the microwave signal amplifier 16 is connected to the diamond 11 to input the microwave signal to the diamond NV color center.

[0025] The laser module 6 includes a laser source 17, a spectrometer 18 and a coupler 19, and the photoelectric conversion module 7 includes a first photodetector 20, a second photodetector 21, a filter 22, a first analog-to-digital converter 23 and a bandpass filter 24. The spectrometer 18 is electrically connected to the first photodetector 20, the circulator 5, the filter 22 and the second photodetector 21 are electrically connected in sequence, and the first photodetector 20, the bandpass filter 24, the first analog-to-digital converter 23 and the FPGA module 13 are electrically connected in sequence; the spectrometer 18 is arranged between the laser source 17 and the circulator 5, and the output end of the spectrometer 18 is connected to the photoelectric conversion module 7, and a reference light signal is separated from the laser signal and output to the photoelectric conversion module 7.

[0026] The phase-locked module 9 includes a modulation unit 25 and a modulation module 26. The modulation unit 25, the second photodetector 21, the flux control module 8 and the modulation module 26 are electrically connected; the modulation unit 25 is configured to output a reverse current signal to the flux control module 8, and the modulation module 26 is used to demodulate the voltage signal and output the demodulation result.

[0027] The magnetic flux control module 8 includes a second analog-to-digital converter 27, a calculation module 28, a second digital-to-analog converter 29, a coil 30 and a power amplifier 31. The outer wall of the magnetic focusing ring 10 is wound with a coil 30. The coil 30 and the power amplifier 31, the second digital-to-analog converter 29, the calculation module 28, the second analog-to-digital converter 27 and the modulation unit 25 are connected in sequence by electrical signals; the coil 30 is wound around the surface of the magnetic focusing ring 10 N times, where N is an integer greater than 1. The input end of the magnetic flux control module 8 is connected to the demodulation voltage ΔV, which is used to generate a reverse current I s The first end of the coil 30 winding is connected to the output end of the magnetic flux control module 8, and the second end is grounded. S The output is connected to the coil 30 wound around the magnetic focusing ring 10 to provide reverse magnetic flux, thereby regulating the magnetic flux at the opening. When the magnetic flux at the opening is balanced, the reverse current I S The current value of the measured line is I p There is a proportional relationship: I S ·R s=k p ΔV+k i ∑ΔV;

[0028] I S Rs is the reverse current, I S Multiply by the resistance R S , represents the voltage generated when reverse current passes through this resistor. kp proportional gain, ΔV is the voltage error, this term represents the output of a proportional controller when dealing with voltage error. i ∑ΔV is the integral control term, k i is the integral gain, which indicates the influence of the accumulated voltage error on the control. The integral term can reduce the steady-state error of the system. p As the feedback input of the system, it affects ΔV, does not appear directly in the formula, and indirectly affects the reverse current I S .

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer, characterized in that: It comprises an electromagnetic conversion collection module (2), a diamond NV sensor chip (3), a microwave module (4), a circulator (5), a laser module (6), a photoelectric conversion module (7), a magnetic flux control module (8) and a phase-locked module (9), wherein the microwave module (4) is connected to a host computer (1).

2. A quantum sensing module and quantum current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic conversion collection module (2) comprises a magnetic field collecting ring (10) and a packaging shell (33); the magnetic field collecting ring (10) is an unsealed rectangular ring structure; a diamond NV sensor chip (3) is arranged inside the magnetic field collecting ring (10); the diamond NV sensor chip (3) comprises a diamond (11) and a probe (12); the rear electrical signal of the probe (12) is connected to a circulator (5); the diamond (11) is connected to a microwave module (4); the outer electrical signal of the circulator (5) is connected to a laser module (6) and an electrical conversion module (7); the photoelectric conversion module (7), the phase-locking module (9) and the magnetic flux control module (8) are connected to the magnetic field collecting ring (10) in sequence by electrical signals; and the magnetic flux control module (8) is connected to the magnetic field collecting ring (10) by electrical wires.

3. A quantum sensing module and a quantum current transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microwave module (4) comprises an FPGA module (13), a first digital-to-analog converter (14), a low-pass filter (15) and a microwave signal amplifier (16); the FPGA module (13), the first digital-to-analog converter (14), the low-pass filter (15) and the microwave signal amplifier (16) are connected in sequence via electrical signals, and the microwave signal amplifier (16) is connected to the diamond (11) via electrical signals.

4. A quantum sensing module and quantum current transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The laser module (6) comprises a laser source (17), a spectrometer (18) and a coupler (19); the photoelectric conversion module (7) comprises a first photodetector (20), a second photodetector (21), a filter (22), a first analog-to-digital converter (23) and a bandpass filter (24); the spectrometer (18) is electrically connected to the first photodetector (20); the circulator (5), the filter (22) and the second photodetector (21) are electrically connected in sequence; and the first photodetector (20), the bandpass filter (24), the first analog-to-digital converter (23) and the FPGA module (13) are electrically connected in sequence.

5. A quantum sensing module and quantum current transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phase-locking module (9) comprises a modulation unit (25) and a modulation module (26); the modulation unit (25), the second photodetector (21), the magnetic flux control module (8) and the modulation module (26) are electrically signal connected.

6. A quantum sensing module and quantum current transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetic flux control module (8) comprises a second analog-to-digital converter (27), a calculation module (28), a second digital-to-analog converter (29), a coil (30) and a power amplifier (31); the outer wall of the magnetic focusing ring (10) is wound with the coil (30); the coil (30) and the power amplifier (31), the second digital-to-analog converter (29), the calculation module (28), the second analog-to-digital converter (27) and the modulation unit (25) are connected in sequence by electrical signals.

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