A pool fire simulator and simulation method based on gas true fire simulation technology

Abstract

The application discloses a pool fire simulator and simulation method based on gas real fire simulation technology, which comprises a gas cylinder group, a gas conveying pipeline, a simulation oil pool, a rectifying sand layer and a pulse electronic igniter, the simulation oil pool is internally provided with the rectifying sand layer, a plurality of gas guide channels are formed in the rectifying sand layer, the gas cylinder group is connected with the input end of the gas guide channel through the gas conveying pipeline, a controllable gas electronic valve is arranged on the gas conveying pipeline, the simulation oil pool is additionally provided with the pulse electronic igniter outside, and the ignition end of the pulse electronic igniter is located above the output end of the gas guide channel; and the rectifying sand layer is made of steel sand. In the application, the gas real fire simulation is used, and the gas is used as a gas source, compared with direct combustion transformers, the smoke gas amount is small, the system is more environmentally friendly, and through the arrangement of the rectifying sand layer, the transformer oil fire rapid heating can be simulated to the maximum extent, and the combustion characteristics of the actual transformer oil fire are embodied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pool fire simulator technology, and more specifically to a pool fire simulator and simulation method based on gas real fire simulation technology. Background Technology

[0002] A well-functioning fire suppression system is a prerequisite for effective firefighting. However, some past fire incidents have shown that the branch pipes and nozzles of water mist fire suppression systems are easily damaged during fires, leading to pressure loss in the pipeline network and reducing or eliminating firefighting capabilities. In some fire incident cases, the damage to branch pipes or nozzles of water mist fire suppression systems was initially thought to be caused by the explosion of converter transformer bushings. However, in full-scale, realistic water mist fire suppression tests organized by the State Grid Corporation of China, it was found that branch pipes and nozzles of water mist fire suppression systems could also be damaged by flames, leading to pressure loss in the pipeline and failure to extinguish the fire. This indicates that for water mist fire suppression systems to function effectively in practice, not only their explosion resistance but also their fire resistance must be considered.

[0003] Currently, there are no specific standards for dry-burning tests on pipelines and nozzles of UHV converter water mist fire extinguishing systems. The closest relevant specification is the "Technical Specification for Water Mist Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014, which specifies the dry-burning requirements and test methods for grooved connectors (clamps) and non-metallic flange gaskets within the protected area. Clause 4.06 of GB50219-2014 stipulates that grooved connectors (clamps) and non-metallic flange gaskets within the protected area should pass the dry-burning test specified in Appendix A. The corresponding explanatory notes state that before the water mist system sprays water, a fire may cause dry-burning of the dry-pipes in the system. If the seals of the connectors cannot withstand dry-burning, it will cause significant water leakage, inevitably affecting the system's cooling effect. Therefore, the requirement for dry-burning resistance is proposed for water mist pipeline connectors. Appendix A of GB50219-2014 specifies the dry-burning resistance test method. The dry-burn resistance requirements specified in this method refer to the relevant provisions of German VdS2100-6en:2004-01 "Pipe Connections" and GB5135.11-2006 "Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 11: Grooved Pipe Connections". When the system is used for liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks, testing with liquefied hydrocarbon jet fire poses a significant risk; therefore, it is recommended to use gasoline fire with a similar calorific value for the dry-burn test. For water spray fire extinguishing systems installed in other locations, the degree of heat exposure during dry burning of pipes is less than in liquefied hydrocarbon environments; therefore, methanol fire can be used for testing. The test combustion pan area should be no less than 0.08 m². 2The distance between the upper edge of the combustion plate and the connector should be 200mm, and the dry burning time should not be less than 5 minutes. After the dry burning is completed, water should be poured on the burned connection points of the component to cool them, and the cooling time should not be less than 3 minutes. After cooling, water should be flushed into the component and pressurized to the working pressure, and it should be required that there is no jet-like leakage at the pipe connection points.

[0004] Although the "Technical Specification for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014 specifies the dry-burning requirements and test methods for grooved connectors (clamps) and non-metallic flange gaskets within the protected area, and stipulates the type and minimum size (0.08m) of the fire source... 2 The test, which used a small oil pan measuring 0.2m x 0.4m (estimated maximum ignition power of 44kW based on methanol fire), did not clearly quantify the specific temperature requirements, nor did it cover fire resistance testing of main pipes, branch pipes, and nozzles. Furthermore, it recommended using methanol fire as the test ignition source because it was assumed that the dry-burning heat of pipe fittings used in locations other than liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks was less than that in liquefied hydrocarbon environments. Converter transformer fires in converter stations are generally transformer oil fires. Related research shows that converter transformer fires are characterized by extremely rapid fire development (flammable and explosive ignition), high oil temperatures, and high fire intensity. Existing accident cases indicate that converter transformer fires are generally flammable and explosive fires, developing extremely rapidly, essentially reaching an extremely vigorous combustion state immediately after the initial ignition. From the perspective of the heating environment, the methanol ignition source used in the dry-burning test method for grooved connectors (clamps) and non-metallic flange gaskets in the protected area proposed in the "Technical Specification for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014 is far less efficient and has a lower development rate and temperature than high-temperature hot oil fires in converter transformers. The dry-burning test method for pipe connectors in the "Technical Specification for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014 is obviously not in line with the actual situation of converter transformer fires, and therefore is not suitable for testing the fire resistance of converter transformer water spray system pipes, connectors and nozzles.

[0005] See Figure 1 GB / T 26784-2011, "Optional and Additional Test Procedures for Fire Resistance Testing of Building Components," specifies five types of temperature rise curves based on EN1363-2:1999, "Fire Resistance Testing - Part 2: Optional and Additional Test Procedures." These include temperature rise curves for hydrocarbon (HC) fires, outdoor fires, slow temperature rise curves, electrical fires, and tunnel fires (RABT-ZTV). The RABT-ZTV temperature rise curve for tunnel fires is not shown in the figure. The conditions for these temperature rise curves differ from those of transformer oil fire tests; please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2 This is mainly reflected in the fact that the standard temperature rise curve fails to reflect the rapid temperature rise characteristics of transformer oil.

[0006] Currently, there are no specific standards for dry-burning tests of pipelines and nozzles in UHV converter water mist fire extinguishing systems. The fire source specified in the "Technical Specification for Water Mist Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014 regarding the dry-burning requirements and test methods for grooved connectors (clamps) and non-metallic flange gaskets in the protected area is clearly inconsistent with the actual situation of transformer oil fires. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a simulation device that can simulate the rapid heating of transformer oil.

[0008] This invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means: a pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology, comprising a gas cylinder group, a gas pipeline, a simulated oil tank, a rectifier sand layer, and a pulse electronic igniter. The simulated oil tank is provided with a rectifier sand layer, which forms multiple gas guiding channels. The gas cylinder group is connected to the input end of the gas guiding channels through the gas pipeline. A controllable gas electronic valve is provided on the gas pipeline. A pulse electronic igniter is also provided on the outside of the simulated oil tank, and the ignition end of the pulse electronic igniter is located above the output end of the gas guiding channels. The rectifier sand layer is made of steel shot.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the system also includes a controller, which is electrically or communicatively connected to the pulse electronic igniter and the controllable gas electronic valve.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the simulated oil tank is a box structure with an open top and a closed circumference and bottom. The circumference and bottom inner walls of the simulated oil tank form a flow-rectifying groove, and the flow-rectifying sand layer is disposed in the flow-rectifying groove.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the gas pipeline includes a main gas pipeline and branch gas pipelines. The gas cylinder group is connected to multiple branch gas pipelines through the main gas pipeline, and the multiple branch gas pipelines are connected to the input end of the gas guiding channel.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the simulated oil tank is also equipped with a protective net to limit the movement of the rectifying sand layer.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the diameter of the steel shot is 3mm, and the thickness of the rectifying sand layer is greater than or equal to 250mm.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the controller is electrically connected to the pulse electronic igniter via an igniter control line, and the controller is electrically connected to the controllable gas electronic valve via a gas solenoid valve control line.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the end of the gas transmission branch pipe connected to the simulated oil tank is located at the bottom of the simulated oil tank.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the multiple gas transmission branches are evenly distributed along the bottom of the simulated oil tank.

[0017] A simulation method for a pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0018] Before the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, adjust the flow rate, test the flame temperature through a thermocouple, and judge whether the flame shape is similar to a real transformer oil fire by using a camera and the naked eye, and record the corresponding flow rate.

[0019] During the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, set the gas flow rate to the flow rate obtained before the test, and remove the pulse electronic igniter after ignition.

[0020] After the test, first close the controllable gas electronic valve.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] (1) In this invention, based on gas real fire simulation and using gas as the gas source, the amount of flue gas is small compared with direct combustion transformer, and the system is more environmentally friendly; at the same time, by setting the rectifier sand particle diameter to 3mm and the rectifier sand layer thickness to not less than 250mm, the outlet speed of fuel on the surface of simulated oil pool can be reduced, and the diffusion flame characteristics of transformer oil fire can be simulated to the greatest extent, thereby reflecting the combustion characteristics of actual transformer oil fire.

[0023] (2) In this invention, the controllable gas control valve enables the fire source to be turned on and off at will, thereby improving the safety of the test. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A temperature comparison chart of different heating curves within 30 minutes provided for the background technology of this invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of temperature test curves at different heights of the oil-fired KI25X transformer is provided for the background technology of this invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the simulated pool fire temperature effect provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Reference numerals: 1. Gas cylinder assembly; 2. Controllable gas electronic valve; 3. Main gas pipe; 4. Branch gas pipe; 5. Simulated oil tank; 6. Rectifying sand layer; 7. Protective net; 8. Pulse electronic igniter; 9. Ignitioner control line; 10. Gas solenoid valve control line; 11. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See Figure 3 A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology includes a gas cylinder group 1, a controllable gas electronic valve 2, a gas main pipe 3, a gas branch pipe 4, a simulated oil pool 5, a rectifier sand layer 6, a protective net 7, a pulse electronic igniter 8, an igniter control line 9, a gas solenoid valve control line 10, and a controller 11. The gas cylinder group 1 is connected to the simulated oil pool 5 through the gas pipeline and supplies gas to the simulated oil pool 5. The gas pipeline is equipped with a controllable gas electronic valve 2, which is used to regulate the opening and closing of the gas pipeline. The controllable gas electronic valve 2 can adjust its channel opening and can be a commercially available general electronic valve with controllable function.

[0031] The simulated oil tank 5 is a box structure with an open top and a closed perimeter and bottom. A flow straightening channel is formed inside the flow straightening channel, and a flow straightening sand layer 6 is provided inside the flow straightening channel. A protective net 7 is also fixedly connected inside the simulated oil tank 5. The protective net 7 is located on top of the flow straightening sand layer 6 and limits the flow straightening sand layer 6 to prevent the flow straightening sand layer 6 from shifting due to subsequent water spraying. A pulse electronic igniter 8 is provided above the simulated oil tank 5. The controllable gas electronic valve 2 and the pulse electronic igniter 8 are electrically or communicatively connected to the controller 11.

[0032] It should be noted that the gaps between the rectifying sand layers 6 form multiple air guiding channels. The rectifying sand layer 6 is made of steel shot with a diameter of 3mm and a thickness of not less than 250mm. The smaller the steel shot particle size, the smaller the required thickness of the rectifying sand layer 6. However, this causes another problem: the protective mesh 7 required to fix the sand layer needs to have a higher mesh count, and the finer the mesh wires, the less durable it is, and the easier it is to burn out. On the other hand, the larger the particle size, the coarser and more durable the protective mesh 7 can be. To achieve the rectification effect, the minimum thickness required is greater. The protective mesh 7 has a wire diameter of 1mm and a mesh diameter of 2mm. The distance between the pulse electronic igniter 8 and the protective mesh 7 is about 100mm.

[0033] See Figure 3The controllable gas electronic valve 2 is electrically connected to the controller 11 via the gas solenoid valve control line 10. The pulse electronic igniter 8 is electrically connected to the controller 11 via the igniter control line 9. The gas pipeline includes a main gas pipeline 3 and branch gas pipelines 4. One end of the main gas pipeline 3 is connected to the gas cylinder group 1, and the other end is connected to multiple branch gas pipelines 4. It is also connected to the rectifier tank of the simulated oil tank 5 through multiple branch gas pipelines 4. The input end of the branch gas pipeline 4 is located at the bottom of the simulated oil tank 5 to ensure that the gas can enter the rectifier sand layer 6. In this embodiment, three main gas pipelines 3 are taken as an example. They are evenly distributed at the bottom of the simulated oil tank 5, that is, equidistantly distributed, to ensure that the input gas enters multiple gas guiding channels evenly.

[0034] Simulation method:

[0035] Before the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter 8, then turn on the controllable gas electronic valve 2, adjust the flow rate, use a thermocouple to test the flame temperature, and use a camera and the naked eye to judge whether the flame shape is similar to the real transformer oil fire, and record the corresponding flow rate data.

[0036] During the experiment, first turn on the pulse electronic igniter 8, then turn on the controllable gas electronic valve 2, adjust the gas flow rate according to the flow rate obtained before the experiment, ignite the gas, and then remove the pulse electronic igniter 8.

[0037] After the test, first close the controllable gas electronic valve 2.

[0038] See Figure 4 By using gas-based real fire simulation technology, the amount of flue gas is smaller and the system is more environmentally friendly compared to direct combustion transformers. At the same time, compared with the standard temperature rise curve, it can achieve a rapid temperature rise, better reflecting the combustion characteristics of actual transformer oil fire, namely its suddenness. In addition, the controllable gas electronic valve 2 can realize the on-demand start and stop of the fire source, improving the safety of the test.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology, characterized in that, The system includes a gas cylinder assembly, a gas pipeline, a simulated oil tank, a rectifier sand layer, and a pulse electronic igniter. The simulated oil tank contains a rectifier sand layer, which forms multiple gas guiding channels. The gas cylinder assembly is connected to the input end of the gas guiding channels via the gas pipeline. The gas pipeline is equipped with a controllable electronic gas valve. A pulse electronic igniter is also located on the outside of the simulated oil tank, with its ignition end positioned above the output end of the gas guiding channels. The rectifier sand layer is made of steel shot. A protective net is also provided inside the simulated oil tank to limit the movement of the rectifier sand layer.

2. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, which is electrically or communicatively connected to a pulse electronic igniter and a controllable gas electronic valve.

3. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated oil tank is a box structure with an open top and a closed circumference and bottom. The inner walls of the simulated oil tank at the circumference and bottom form a flow-rectifying groove, and the flow-rectifying sand layer is placed inside the flow-rectifying groove.

4. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas pipeline includes a main gas pipeline and branch gas pipelines. The gas cylinder group is connected to multiple branch gas pipelines through the main gas pipeline, and the multiple branch gas pipelines are connected to the input end of the gas channel.

5. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel shot has a diameter of 3 mm, and the rectifier sand layer has a thickness of ≥250 mm.

6. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The controller is electrically connected to the pulse electronic igniter via the igniter control line, and the controller is electrically connected to the controllable gas electronic valve via the gas solenoid valve control line.

7. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the gas transmission branch pipe that is connected to the simulated oil tank is located at the bottom of the simulated oil tank.

8. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple gas transmission branches are evenly distributed along the bottom of the simulated oil tank.

9. A simulation method for a pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Before the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, adjust the flow rate, test the flame temperature through a thermocouple, and judge whether the flame shape is similar to a real transformer oil fire by using a camera and the naked eye, and record the corresponding flow rate. During the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, set the gas flow rate to the flow rate obtained before the test, and remove the pulse electronic igniter after ignition. After the test, first close the controllable gas electronic valve.

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