Device and method for measuring watershed hydrological elements under influence of rainstorm distribution

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for measuring watershed hydrological elements under the influence of rainstorm distribution. According to the method, hydrological elements such as flood duration and flood peak flow in a drainage basin are measured under simulation of different rainstorm center distributions. The measuring device comprises: a water leakage assembly; a movable water injection barrel is arranged on the water leakage assembly, and a transportation assembly is arranged on the movable water injection barrel in a penetrating mode so that the movable water injection barrel can slide on the upper surface of the water leakage assembly in parallel; a water tank is arranged under the water leakage assembly and used for rainstorm simulation of water falling from the water leakage assembly, the water leakage assembly and the water tank are parallel to each other and are consistent in outline, and the tail end of the water tank is connected with a Parshall tank. The edge of the tail end of the water tank and the edge of the front end of the Parshall groove are located on the same straight line and are tightly attached to each other. The device can be used for researching the watershed hydrological process under the influence of simulating the real rainstorm distribution center.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of basin hydrological process simulation, and in particular to a device and method for measuring basin hydrological elements under the influence of rainstorm distribution. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of global climate change and rapid urbanization, urban waterlogging disasters occur frequently due to heavy rains. The resulting heavy rains, floods and hydrogeological disasters cause direct economic losses of trillions of yuan each year and seriously threaten people's lives. Precipitation characteristics have an important impact on the spatial layout and movement trajectory of heavy rain centers, and different precipitation intensities are directly related to the water supply intensity of the basin's hydrological process.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to simulate the hydrological process of the basin flood duration, flood peak flow and other hydrological elements under the influence of the distribution of rainstorm centers. This research can provide a solid scientific basis for the prediction and prevention of regional catastrophic floods, watershed soil and soil management, and water conservancy project construction.

[0004] However, among the existing technical means, the study of the hydrological process of the basin under the influence of rainfall is mainly carried out through indoor simulation experiments. These experiments usually lay out devices to simulate the hydrological process of the basin in the water tank, and simulate the rainfall process through artificial fixed or handheld nozzles, and then observe and analyze the hydrological process of the basin. Unfortunately, the existing various indoor water tank experiments have obvious deficiencies in simulating the distribution of real rainstorm centers and their impact on the hydrological process of the downstream basin, especially the lack of precise layout of the rainstorm center and accurate measurement of the hydrological parameters in its hydrological process.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring hydrological elements in a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution, so as to simulate the hydrological process of the watershed under different heavy rain conditions and further accurately measure the flood duration and peak flow.

[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide a measurement method for using the above-mentioned device for measuring hydrological elements in a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted: The present invention provides a device for measuring hydrological elements in a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution, including a water leakage component; A movable water injection bucket is arranged on the leaking component, and a transport component is passed through the movable water injection bucket to enable it to slide parallel to the upper surface of the leaking component; A water trough is provided directly below the leaking component for simulating heavy rain with water dropping from the leaking component. The leaking component and the water trough are parallel to each other and have the same contour. A Parshall trough is connected to the end of the water trough. The end edge of the water trough is in the same straight line and tightly fits with the front end edge of the Parshall trough.

[0009] Preferably, the leaking component is formed by aligning and fitting two upper and lower plates, the upper plate is a leaking plate, and the lower plate is an adjustable baffle; the upper baffle is provided with a standard aperture and scales of different flow units.

[0010] Preferably, one side and the bottom of the movable water filling bucket are both movable plates, wherein the movable plate close to the water collecting bucket is docked with the water collecting bucket to collect standard water, and the movable plate at the bottom is docked with the water hole on the leaking component to achieve precipitation.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the baffle in the leaking component is docked with the top of the water supply component; the water supply component includes a box-shaped body and a water pump, the water pump is built in the box-shaped body, and the side wall of the box-shaped body connected to the water tank is divided into two sections, the lower section is closed, and the upper section is open; the upper port of the water pump is docked with the water outlet on the bottom wall of the water collecting barrel, and the lower port is connected to the lower section of the side wall connecting the box-shaped body and the water tank, and the water supply device starts from the water outlet on the bottom wall of the water collecting barrel, and controls and transports water from the water outlet to the water tank through the water pump.

[0012] Preferably, the water tank is in the shape of a channel steel as a whole, the water tank is butted against the edge of the lower section of the side wall of the water supply assembly and welded into one body, and the inside of the water tank is divided into an upstream section, a midstream section, and a downstream section from left to right; The upstream section, midstream section and downstream section of the water trough are located in the same plane, and the length of the upstream section is fully extended to ensure that the water flow has reached a stable flow state before entering the midstream section; and the length of the downstream section is also fully extended to effectively prevent the water flow from having an adverse reverse effect on the midstream section due to surging.

[0013] Preferably, an open gap is provided at the end of the Parshall flume, and the gap is used as a drain outlet to discharge water.

[0014] Preferably, a water collecting bucket is provided on one side of the mobile water filling bucket, a water inlet is provided on the top of the water collecting bucket to collect water, a flow outlet is provided on the side adjacent to the mobile water filling bucket and a water outlet is provided on the bottom wall to enable water to flow out of the water collecting bucket in a guided manner.

[0015] Preferably, the water collecting barrel is equipped with a push block, which is arranged on the side wall opposite to the outflow outlet of the water collecting barrel and maintained in parallel with the outflow outlet. The push block pushes water of standard cross-section from the water collecting barrel to the mobile water filling barrel.

[0016] Preferably, the transport component is a rigid cuboid, one end of which is fixed on the top frame of the water collecting bucket, and the entire cuboid remains parallel to the leaking component; a through area is provided on the mobile water filling bucket, and the size and shape of the through area match the transport component, so that the transport component can smoothly pass through the mobile water filling bucket.

[0017] The present invention also discloses a method for determining hydrological elements in a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution, using the above-mentioned device for determining hydrological elements in a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution, comprising the following steps: S1. Adjust the moving position and speed of the mobile water-filling bucket through the transport component to simulate a movable rainstorm center; S2, control the leaking component to make the water flow down from the leaking component and into the sink, simulating a rainstorm process; S3. When water flows from the water tank into the Parshall flume, the flow calculation principle of the Parshall flume is used to measure and record the hydraulic element data.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By combining the mobile water injection bucket with the transport component, the present invention can accurately control the moving position and speed of the rainstorm center, thereby more realistically simulating the spatial distribution characteristics under different rainstorm conditions; it overcomes the limitations of uneven rainfall distribution caused by fixed or handheld sprinklers in previous simulated rainfall conditions, as well as the fixed position of the rainstorm center and the inability to realistically simulate the spatial distribution of different precipitation; this feature is crucial for studying the impact of the rainstorm center on hydrological elements such as flood duration and peak flow in the basin.

[0019] (2) The design of the leaking component, the standard aperture on the upper plate, and the scales of different flow units allow the device of the present invention to simulate the initial precipitation before simulating the center of a rainstorm. In particular, the introduction of the adjustable baffle increases the adjustable rainstorm amount on the basis of the initial average precipitation, allowing the device to more accurately simulate the diversity and complexity of rainstorms in the real world while ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of precipitation simulation.

[0020] (3) The close fit between the end of the flume and the front end of the Parshall flume ensures the continuity and stability of the water body during the flow process; the use of the Parshall flume can more accurately obtain the hydrological element data of the basin's hydrological process under heavy rain conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] By describing the embodiments of the present application in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent. The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation of the present application. In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for measuring hydrological elements under the influence of heavy rain provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a movable simulated rainstorm central precipitation starting point and end point provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of a push block provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 An exploded schematic diagram of a water leakage component, a water leakage plate, a baffle plate and a handle on one side provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of a water pump device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of a Parshall cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-leakage component, 2-mobile water filling bucket, 3-water trough, 4-Parshall trough, 5-water collecting bucket, 6-water supply component, 7-box body, 8-water pump, 9-push block, 10-transportation component, 11-handle.

[0023] Specific implementation method The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. If the specific conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conditions recommended by the normal conditions or the manufacturers. If the manufacturer is not indicated in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for measuring hydrological elements under the influence of heavy rain, and the core components of the measuring device include: a leakage component 1, a mobile water injection bucket 2, a water trough 3, a Parshall trough 4, a water collecting bucket 5, a water supply component 6, a push block 9 and a transportation component 10.

[0028] The leaking assembly 1 is composed of two precisely aligned and fitted plates. Specifically, the upper plate is designed as a leaking plate, while the lower plate is a flexibly adjustable baffle, see Figure 4 As shown, a handle 11 is provided on one side of the lower plate, which is easy for the operator to grasp and use to achieve fast and accurate adjustment of the baffle. The leaking plate is carefully arranged with standard apertures and comes with scale marks for different flow units. The existence of these scale marks facilitates the accurate setting and adjustment of different levels of precipitation. In order to simulate the variable precipitation in distributed rainstorms, this goal can be achieved by adjusting the relative position of the baffle.

[0029] The water holes on the leaking plate all adopt a uniform and standard 5-unit aperture, and these water holes are evenly distributed. The movable range of the baffle is set to 0-5 units, which provides flexible precipitation control capabilities. When the handle 11 is operated to move the baffle to the minimum offset (i.e., when the offset is 0), the precipitation reaches the maximum value; on the contrary, when the handle 11 is used to move the baffle to the maximum offset (i.e., when the offset is 5), the precipitation drops to the minimum value. This not only enhances the flexibility of the measuring device, but also ensures the accuracy and authenticity of the simulated rainstorm process.

[0030] Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower plates of the leaking assembly 1 are both designed as a cuboid, and their profiles must be completely consistent. This consistency ensures that the long sides and short sides of the upper and lower plates can be accurately aligned and fit tightly. Only when the profiles are consistent can the water flow be evenly distributed when passing through the leaking plate, avoiding excessive concentration or sparseness in a certain area, thereby ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of the simulated rainstorm. In addition, the consistency of the profile is also the key to ensure that the leaking assembly 1 can accurately control the water flow when adjusting the precipitation. If the profiles are inconsistent, the water flow may deflect or change direction when passing through the leaking plate, which will seriously affect the accurate measurement of the precipitation. More importantly, in multiple simulation experiments, the upper and lower plates with consistent profiles can ensure that the simulation effect of each experiment has a high degree of consistency. If the profiles are inconsistent, the simulation effect of each experiment may be different, which will seriously affect the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the leaking component 1 is the core component of the device of the present invention, and a mobile water injection bucket 2 is arranged on the top thereof. One side and the bottom of the mobile water injection bucket 2 are both movable plates, wherein the movable plate close to the water collecting bucket 5 is docked with the side where the outflow outlet of the water collecting bucket 5 is located to realize the collection of standard water bodies, and the movable plate at the bottom is docked with the water hole on the leaking component 1 to realize the simulation process of precipitation. The mobile water injection bucket 2 is not only used to store and release the amount of water required for simulating precipitation, but also realizes a smooth and precise parallel sliding on the upper surface of the leaking component 1 through the transport component 10 installed thereon.

[0032] Preferably, the transport component 10 passed through the mobile water filling bucket 2 is specifically a rigid rectangular parallelepiped, one end of which is fixed to the frame on the top of the water collecting bucket 5, so that the transport component 10 has support, ensuring that the mobile water filling bucket 2 remains stable during movement; a penetration area is provided on the mobile water filling bucket 2, and the size and shape of the penetration area match the transport group 10. The transport component 10 can provide a certain power for the movement of the mobile water filling bucket 2 and adjust the working range of the mobile water filling device 2 on the upper surface of the leaking component 1; the transport component 10 of the entire rectangular structure is kept parallel to the leaking component 1, so that the parallel sliding distance of the mobile water filling bucket 2 on the upper surface of the leaking component 1 can be accurately controlled, ensuring that the mobile water filling bucket 2 will not deviate from the trajectory when sliding, achieving precise control of the position and direction of the water body, and at the same time ensuring that the water body can maintain a uniform distribution when passing through the leaking component 1, avoiding excessive concentration or sparseness of the water body in a certain area, thereby improving the authenticity and reliability of the simulated rainstorm.

[0033] In addition, one side of the mobile water injection bucket 2 is equipped with a water collection bucket 5, and the bottom of the water collection bucket 5 is connected to one end of the leaking component 1. The top of the water collection bucket 5 is provided with a water inlet, which is convenient for injecting water into it; and on the side adjacent to the mobile water injection bucket 2, a flow outlet with a standard cross-section is cleverly opened to ensure the efficient introduction of water into the mobile water injection bucket 2; a water outlet is also set at the bottom of the water collection bucket 5, and its elevation is carefully set to be higher than the top of the water supply component 6 and the water tank 3, so that the water can be fully collected and buffered in the water collection bucket 5, and then can be guided out of the water outlet. The water collection bucket 5 not only plays an important role in collecting, temporarily storing and guiding water flow, but also realizes the precise control and effective utilization of water flow through the clever design of its flow outlet and water outlet, ensuring the reasonable distribution and efficient utilization of water.

[0034] Preferably, Figure 3 The push block 9 shown is equipped on the water collection bucket 5, and is specifically arranged on the side wall directly opposite to the outflow port of the water collection bucket 5, and is kept parallel to the outflow port, so that the push block 9 can smoothly push the water with a standard cross-section from the water collection bucket 5 to the movable water injection bucket 2 in an efficient and accurate manner. In this way, the consistency and accuracy of the water transfer are ensured.

[0035] A water tank 3 is cleverly placed directly below the leaking component 1, and its main function is to capture and collect the water that falls evenly from the leaking component 1. In order to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of this process, the water tank 3 and the leaking component 1 are not only designed to be parallel to each other, but also their contours are completely consistent. The subtlety of this is that it not only ensures that the water falling from the leaking component 1 falls accurately into the water tank 3, avoiding omission or deviation of the water body, but also greatly maintains the flow continuity and authenticity of the water body when simulating a rainstorm scene.

[0036] Specifically, the parallelism and consistent contours ensure the linearity and stability of the path during the transfer of water from the leaking component 1 to the water tank 3, reducing errors caused by path changes or water flow disturbances. This not only improves the realism of the simulated rainstorm, making the water flow closer to the state of natural rainstorms, but also lays a solid foundation for the subsequent accurate measurement of hydraulic elements. If there is any deviation in the position or contour between the water tank 3 and the leaking component 1, it may cause discontinuity or turbulence in the water flow, which will have an adverse effect on the realism of the simulated rainstorm and the accuracy of the measurement of hydraulic elements.

[0037] At the same time, the bottom of the leaking component 1 is tightly connected to the top of the water supply component 6 at the same end connected to the water collecting bucket 5. Specifically, the water supply component 6 includes a box body 7 and a water pump 8. Figure 5 The water pump 8 shown is built into the box-shaped body. The box-shaped body 7 not only provides a stable installation environment for the water pump 8, but also realizes intuitive observation of the running state of the water pump through design. Specifically, the side wall of the box-shaped body 7 connected to the water tank 3 is cleverly divided into an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section is open, so that the operator can easily check the working condition of the built-in water pump 8 to ensure its stable operation. The water pump 8 is built into the box-shaped body 7 and plays a core role in water transportation and control. The upper port of the water pump 8 is closely connected to the water outlet of the bottom wall of the water collecting bucket 5, ensuring that the water can flow out of the water collecting bucket 5 smoothly. The lower port is connected to the lower section of the side wall connecting the box-shaped body 7 and the water tank 3. Through the precise control and efficient transportation of the water pump 8, the water is stably transported to the water tank 3. In this process, the water pump 8 not only ensures the continuity of the water flow, but also realizes the precise control of the water body through its adjustment function, meeting different experimental and simulation requirements.

[0038] Preferably, the water tank 3 is in the shape of a channel steel as a whole, and the interior of the water tank 3 is divided into an upstream section, a midstream section and a downstream section from left to right. Such segmentation can simulate different areas in the watershed, and can more accurately simulate the water flow characteristics, water quality changes and ecological impacts of different areas.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, the trough 3 is laid inside, and the upstream section, midstream section and downstream section of the trough 3 are located in the same plane. The length of the upstream section is sufficiently extended to ensure that the water flow has enough time and space to reach a stable flow state before entering the midstream section. The downstream section is also sufficiently extended to prevent the water flow from having an adverse reverse effect on the midstream section due to the surge when it flows out of the trough; surge refers to the upward surge caused by inertia when the water flow leaves the trough. By extending the downstream section, sufficient buffer space can be given to the water flow, so that it gradually slows down and smoothly leaves the trough, thereby avoiding unnecessary impact and disturbance on the midstream section. The interior of the trough 3 is set in this way to achieve stable flow and efficient utilization of water flow. Through the carefully designed upstream and downstream sections, it can be ensured that the flow of water in the entire trough is both stable and continuous.

[0040] During the experiment using the measuring device, the hydrological process can be observed and analyzed in depth by observing and analyzing the changes in flow velocity in the upstream, midstream and downstream sections and the distribution characteristics of sediments. This not only improves the accuracy and authenticity of the experiment, but also provides rich and reliable data support for the study of the impact of the real distribution of heavy rain centers on the hydrological process in the downstream basin.

[0041] Preferably, the end of the water trough 3 is perfectly connected to the Parshall flume 4, wherein the leading edge of the Parshall flume 4 is precisely aligned with and tightly engaged with the trailing edge of the downstream section of the water trough 3. Tightly connecting the Parshall flume 4 at the end of the water trough 3 ensures a smooth transition of the water flow from the downstream section of the water trough 3 to the Parshall flume, avoiding measurement errors caused by sudden changes in flow velocity or unstable fluid state.

[0042] Specifically, refer to Figure 6 For a more intuitive visual understanding: Parshall trough 4 is carefully divided into three parts: upstream contraction section, short straight throat and downstream diffusion section. The trough bottom of the upstream contraction section is inclined downstream, and the inclination direction of the trough bottom of the downstream diffusion section is opposite to that of the short straight throat trough bottom.

[0043] Parshall flume 4 is mainly used to measure the flow rate of fluid. The upstream contraction section of Parshall flume 4 is inclined toward the downstream through the flume bottom, guiding the fluid to form a stable and uniform velocity distribution before entering the short straight throat. The short straight throat, as a key part of the fluid channel, increases the flow rate by reducing the cross-sectional area, reduces the eddy current and turbulence in the fluid, and thus improves the accuracy of flow measurement. The downstream diffusion section allows the fluid to gradually diffuse after leaving the throat and return to the original velocity and flow state, further ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. In addition, the Parshall flume is also highly adaptable and can be used for the measurement of a variety of fluids and flow rates, providing strong data support for subsequent hydraulic element analysis.

[0044] Preferably, an open gap is provided at the end of the Parshall flume 4, and the gap is used as a drain outlet, which can effectively guide the water flow to discharge smoothly to meet the specific drainage requirements of the basin hydrological simulation during the experiment.

[0045] Working process of the measuring device The device for measuring hydraulic elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution of the present invention is used. First, according to the specific requirements of the experiment, water enters from the water inlet at the top of the water collecting bucket 5 until the water injection volume reaches the specified height of the standard volume. In this process, the water collecting bucket 5 serves as a temporary water storage component to ensure an adequate supply of water. When the water in the water collecting bucket 5 reaches the specified amount, the water pump 8 in the water supply assembly 6 is started, and the water pump 8 controls the stable delivery of the water to the water tank 3 through the water outlet at the bottom of the water collecting bucket 5. It is ensured that the water forms a stable inflow state before entering the water tank 3. Subsequently, the push block 9 is started. The function of the push block 9 is to push the water in the water collecting bucket 5 that has reached the standard volume into the mobile water injection bucket 2 through the outflow port. The mobile water injection bucket 2 serves as a movable water storage component and can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of the experiment.

[0046] Next, the mobile water-filling bucket 2 slides parallel to the upper surface of the leaking component 1 through the transport component 10. The upper plate of the leaking component 1 is arranged with water holes of uniform size of standard 5 unit apertures. These water holes are used to simulate the initial precipitation before passing through the center of the rainstorm. In this way, the rainstorm precipitation process can be simulated more accurately. During the experiment, the mobile water-filling bucket 2 will move accordingly according to the changes in the experimental conditions. Such mobility can simulate the movement of the center of the rainstorm, thereby more realistically reflecting the distribution characteristics of rainstorm precipitation in nature. In addition, the leaking component 1 also has the function of adjusting the precipitation. After the initial precipitation, the offset of the baffle on the leaking component 1 is adjusted by the handle 11 to control the precipitation in different areas and different intensities to meet the different precipitation requirements of distributed rainstorms. The design of the leaking component 1 makes the experiment more flexible and diverse, and can adapt to different experimental conditions and needs.

[0047] In the final stage of the experiment, the characteristics of the water flow are observed and analyzed through different areas in the flume 3, and the confluence duration and peak flow rate of the water flow are calculated through the Parshall flume 4. Finally, the water is discharged from the drain outlet at the end of the Parshall flume 4.

[0048] After the experiment, the recorded data will be processed and analyzed. By comparing the data under different experimental conditions, the impact of heavy rain on the hydraulic elements of the basin will be evaluated and corresponding conclusions will be drawn.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring hydrological elements in a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution, characterized in that: include: Leaking components; A movable water injection bucket is arranged on the leaking component, and a transport component is passed through the movable water injection bucket to enable it to slide parallel to the upper surface of the leaking component; A water trough is provided directly below the leaking component for simulating heavy rain with water dropping from the leaking component. The leaking component and the water trough are parallel to each other and have the same contour. A Parshall trough is connected to the end of the water trough. The end edge of the water trough is in the same straight line and tightly fits with the front end edge of the Parshall trough.

2. The device for measuring the hydrological elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water leakage component is formed by aligning and laminating two upper and lower plates, the upper plate is a water leakage plate, and the lower plate is an adjustable baffle; The upper plate is provided with standard apertures and scales of different flow units.

3. The device for measuring the hydrological elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side and the bottom of the mobile water filling bucket are both movable plates, wherein the movable plate close to the water collecting bucket is connected to the water collecting bucket to collect standard water, and the movable plate at the bottom is connected to the water hole on the leaking component to achieve precipitation.

4. The water leakage component according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the baffle in the water leakage component is connected to the top of the water supply component; The water supply assembly comprises a box-shaped body and a water pump, wherein the water pump is built into the box-shaped body, and the side wall of the box-shaped body connected to the water tank is divided into two sections, the lower section is closed, and the upper section is open; The upper port of the water pump is connected to the water outlet on the bottom wall of the water collecting barrel, and the lower port is connected to the lower section of the side wall connecting the box-shaped body and the water tank. The water supply device starts from the water outlet on the bottom wall of the water collecting barrel, and controls and transports water from the water outlet to the water tank through the water pump.

5. The device for measuring the hydrological elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank is in the shape of a channel steel as a whole, and the water tank is butted against the edge of the lower section of the side wall of the water supply assembly and welded into one body. The inside of the water tank is divided into an upstream section, a midstream section, and a downstream section from left to right; The upstream section, midstream section and downstream section of the water trough are located in the same plane, and the length of the upstream section is fully extended to ensure that the water flow has reached a stable flow state before entering the midstream section; and the length of the downstream section is also fully extended to effectively prevent the water flow from having an adverse reverse effect on the midstream section due to surging.

6. The device for measuring the hydrological elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: An open gap is arranged at the end of the Parshall flume, and the gap is used as a drain outlet to discharge water.

7. The mobile water filling bucket according to claim 3, characterized in that: A water collecting bucket is arranged on one side of the mobile water filling bucket, a water inlet is arranged on the top of the water collecting bucket to collect water, a flow outlet is arranged on the side close to the mobile water filling bucket and a water outlet is arranged on the bottom wall to realize guided outflow of water.

8. The water collecting bucket according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water collecting bucket is equipped with a push block, which is arranged on the side wall opposite to the outflow outlet of the water collecting bucket and keeps a parallel position with the outflow outlet. The push block pushes water with a standard cross-section from the water collecting bucket to the mobile water injection bucket.

9. The device for measuring the hydrological elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transport component is specifically a rigid cuboid, one end of which is fixed to the top frame of the water collection bucket, and the entire cuboid is kept parallel to the leaking component; The mobile water filling bucket is provided with a through area, the size and shape of which match the transport component, so that the transport component can smoothly pass through the mobile water filling bucket.

10. A method for determining the hydrological elements of a watershed under the influence of heavy rain distribution, characterized in that: Using the assay device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: S1. Adjust the moving position and speed of the mobile water-filling bucket through the transport component to simulate a movable rainstorm center; S2, control the leaking component to make the water flow down from the leaking component and into the sink, simulating a rainstorm process; S3. When water flows from the water tank into the Parshall flume, the flow calculation principle of the Parshall flume is used to measure and record the hydrological element data.

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