Beam synthesis method for time delay compensation of mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna's time delay compensation beam synthesis method, it includes: with the beam pointing point of mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as reference point, according to the beam activation angle of digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum time delay of beam in beam activation region and the time delay of each array element in beam activation region are obtained;According to the maximum time delay of beam in beam activation region and the time delay of each array element in beam activation region, the time delay compensation value of all array elements in beam activation region is obtained respectively;According to the time delay compensation value of all array elements in beam activation region, the beam synthesis of digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed.The application can meet the demand of wideband signal beam synthesis, simple and reliable and easy to realize, can meet the consistency demand of each direction space time delay of digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna beam synthesis in engineering practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spherical phased array antenna technology, and in particular to a beamforming method for time delay compensation in a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Digital multi-beam spherical phased array antennas have gained increasing attention in recent years as a hot research area in the field of new antennas due to their multi-beam operation and full-space coverage capabilities, enabling simultaneous tracking and control of multiple space targets.

[0003] A key technical challenge in the design of digital multi-beam phased array antennas is achieving digital beamforming. Traditional digital multi-beam phased array antennas typically form beams by compensating for the phase difference between the active elements. This phase-difference compensation beamforming method is only suitable for narrowband signals. For broadband signals, due to the transit time effect, it is necessary to consider compensating for the time delay difference between the transmitted and received signals of each element in the phased array antenna during beamforming. Unlike planar arrays, for mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antennas, since there is no unified reference point, it is necessary to consider the consistency of spatial time delay compensation for targets in all directions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a beamforming method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna.

[0005] This invention discloses a beamforming method for time delay compensation in a mathematically multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, comprising:

[0006] Using the beam pointing point of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as a reference point, and based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region are obtained.

[0007] Based on the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region, the time delay compensation values ​​for all array elements within the beam activation region are obtained respectively.

[0008] Based on the time delay compensation values ​​of all array elements within the beam activation region, beamforming of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed, i.e., beamforming of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed.

[0009] Further, the step of obtaining the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes:

[0010] Based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region is obtained. Then, taking the beam pointing point as a reference point, the time delay of each element within the beam activation region is obtained based on the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinates of the array elements within the beam activation region.

[0011] Further, obtaining the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes:

[0012] The path difference is greatest at the boundary point of the beam activation region. The path difference at this boundary point is calculated based on the beam activation angle. The maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region is then calculated based on the path difference at this boundary point.

[0013] Furthermore, the path difference ΔZ at the boundary point of the beam activation region is calculated using the following formula. max :

[0014] ΔZ max =RR cosΦ max

[0015] Where R is the radius of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna surface, Φ max Beam activation angle;

[0016] Maximum time delay τ of the beam within the beam activation region max for:

[0017]

[0018] Where c is the speed of light.

[0019] Further, the step of using the beam pointing point as a reference point and obtaining the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region based on the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the array element coordinates within the beam activation region includes:

[0020] Arbitrary array element Z within the beam activation region of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna h The time delay is based on the beam pointing point as the reference point, according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point (x0, y0, z0) and the array element Z. h coordinates (x) h y h , z h To calculate the h-th element Z within the beam activation region. h The time delay Δτ h The value of h ranges from 1 to n, where n is the total number of array elements within the beam activation region.

[0021] The vector from the center of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna to the beam pointing point and the vector from the center of the sphere to the array element Z h The angle Φ between the vectorsh According to the included angle Φ h Calculate array element Z h Path difference Δz h Then we obtain the array element Z. h The time delay Δτ h .

[0022] Furthermore, the included angle Φ h The calculation formula is:

[0023]

[0024] Where (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam pointing point, (x h y h , z h ) is the array element Z h The coordinates;

[0025] Calculate the array element Z using the following formula. h Path difference Δz h :

[0026]

[0027] Calculate the array element Z using the following formula. h The time delay Δτ h :

[0028]

[0029] Where c is the speed of light.

[0030] Further, the step of obtaining the delay compensation value for all array elements in the beam activation region based on the maximum delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the delay of each array element within the beam activation region includes:

[0031] The Z-th element within the beam activation region is calculated using the following formula. h The delay compensation value τ h :

[0032] τ h =τ max -Δτ h

[0033] Where, τ max This represents the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region.

[0034] Furthermore, the step of completing beamforming of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna based on the time delay compensation values ​​of all array elements within the beam activation region includes:

[0035] The transmit and receive combined beam signals of a mathematically multi-beam spherical phased array antenna are calculated using the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, S 合成 (t) represents the synthesized signal of all elements within the beam-activated region of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, S 阵元h (t) represents the transmit and receive signals of the h-th array element within the activated region, τ h For the array element Z in the beam activation region h The time delay compensation value is given by n, where n is the total number of array elements within the beam activation region.

[0038] Furthermore, the beam pointing point is the intersection of the array surface of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna and the beam pointing direction; the beam activation region is defined as follows: with the center of the sphere of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as the vertex, the beam pointing direction as the central axis, and the angle between the beam pointing direction and the central axis as the beam activation angle Φ. max The circular region obtained by the intersection of the cones on the array surface of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna has a beam activation angle Φ. max The angle between the incoming wave direction of an array element on the boundary of the beam activation region and the normal of that element.

[0039] Furthermore, array elements within the beam activation region participate in beamforming, while array elements outside the beam activation region do not participate in beamforming.

[0040] Because of the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. This invention is simple to implement, consumes fewer resources, and reduces system design costs. It does not require complex circuits, making the implementation method relatively simple. This invention utilizes only existing system equipment without adding any additional devices, and the time-delay compensation beamforming algorithm is implemented through software algorithms, facilitating automated operation and further reducing system design costs.

[0042] 2. This invention can meet the requirements of broadband signal beamforming, is simple, reliable and easy to implement, and can meet the system requirements of consistent time delay in all directions for beamforming of spherical phased array antennas. It is convenient to design a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna system that meets the requirements in engineering practice. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the activation of the beam pointing of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the maximum path difference and maximum time delay difference of the digital multibeam spherical phased array antenna in this invention are calculated based on the range of the beam activation region.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the time delay difference of array elements within the beam activation region of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the time delay difference of array elements within the beam activation region in a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the time delay compensation of array elements within the calculated beam activation region of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] See Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown, the beam pointing direction is the ray from the center of the spherical array (digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna) to the target; the beam pointing point is the intersection of the array surface and the beam pointing direction. The beam activation region is defined as: with the center of the sphere as the vertex and the beam pointing direction as the central axis, the angle between the beam pointing direction and the central axis is a fixed beam activation angle Φ. max The circular region obtained by the intersection of the cones on the surface of the spherical array has a beam activation angle Φ. max Φ is the angle between the incoming wave direction of an array element on the boundary of the beam activation region and the normal of that element. max Depending on the design specifications of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the angle is generally between 30 and 60 degrees. Antenna elements within the active region of the beam participate in beamforming, while antenna elements outside the active region do not participate in beamforming.

[0051] See Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown, the beam pointing point is used as the reference point to calculate the time delay of the array elements. Since the path difference is largest at the boundary points of the active beam region, the maximum time delay of the beam within the active beam region can be calculated based on this maximum path difference. As shown in the figure, the maximum path difference ΔZ within the active beam region...max for:

[0052] ΔZ max =RR cosΦ max

[0053] Where R is the radius of the spherical array surface, Φ max This is the beam activation angle.

[0054] Maximum beam delay τ max for:

[0055]

[0056] Where c is the speed of light.

[0057] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 ,like Figure 3 As shown, any array element Z within the beam activation region of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna h The time delay is also based on the beam pointing point as the reference point, according to the coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of the beam pointing point and the array element Z. h coordinates (x) h y h , z h To calculate the array element Z h The time delay Δτ h .

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, the vector from the center of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna to the beam pointing point and the vector from the center of the sphere to the array element Z are... h The angle Φ between the vectors h Calculated using the following algorithm:

[0059]

[0060] Where (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam pointing point, (x h y h , z h ) is the array element Z h The coordinates.

[0061] Array Element Z h Path difference Δz h Calculated using the following algorithm:

[0062]

[0063] Array Element Z h The time delay Δτ h Calculated using the following algorithm:

[0064]

[0065] Where c is the speed of light.

[0066] See Figure 5 ,like Figure 5 As shown, the array element Z within the final beam activation region is obtained. h The delay compensation value τ h Calculated using the following algorithm:

[0067] τ h =τ max -Δτ h

[0068] After obtaining the time delay compensation for the array elements within the beam activation region using the above calculation method, the beamforming algorithm for the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna with time delay compensation is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, S 合成 (t) represents the synthesized signal of all elements within the beam-activated region of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, S 阵元h (t) represents the transmit and receive signals of the h-th array element within the active region, and n represents the total number of array elements within the beam active region.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A beamforming method for time delay compensation in a mathematically multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, characterized in that, include: Using the beam pointing point of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as a reference point, and based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region are obtained. Based on the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region, the time delay compensation values ​​for all array elements within the beam activation region are obtained respectively. Based on the time delay compensation values ​​of all array elements within the beam activation region, beamforming of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed. The step of obtaining the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes: Based on the beam activation angle of the digital multibeam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation area is obtained. Then, taking the beam pointing point as the reference point, the time delay of each element within the beam activation area is obtained based on the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinates of the array elements within the beam activation area. The step of obtaining the maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region based on the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes: The path difference is greatest at the boundary point of the beam activation region. The path difference at this boundary point is calculated based on the beam activation angle. The maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region is then calculated based on the path difference at this boundary point. The step of obtaining delay compensation values ​​for all array elements within the beam activation region based on the maximum delay of the beam within the beam activation region and the delay of each array element within the beam activation region includes: The h-th element within the beam activation region is calculated using the following formula. Delay compensation value : in, The maximum time delay of the beam within the beam activation region. For array element The delay; The beam pointing point is the intersection of the array surface of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna and the beam pointing direction; the beam activation region is defined as follows: with the center of the sphere of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as the vertex, the beam pointing direction as the central axis, and the angle between the beam pointing direction and the central axis as the beam activation angle. The circular region obtained by the intersection of the cones on the array surface of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the beam activation angle. The angle between the incoming wave direction of an array element on the boundary of the beam activation region and the normal of that element.

2. The beamforming method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The path difference at the boundary point of the beam activation region is calculated using the following formula. : in, Let be the radius of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna array. Beam activation angle; Maximum time delay of beam within beam activation region for: in, It is the speed of light.

3. The beamforming method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using the beam pointing point as a reference point and obtaining the time delay of each array element within the beam activation region based on the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinates of the array elements within the beam activation region includes: Arbitrary array element within the beam activation region of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna The time delay is based on the beam pointing point as the reference point, according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point. Harmony Formation coordinates To calculate the h-th element within the beam activation region latency The value of h ranges from 1 to n, where n is the total number of array elements within the beam activation region. The vector from the center of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna to the beam pointing point and the vector from the center of the sphere to the array element. The angle between the vectors According to the included angle Computational array elements path difference Then obtain the array element latency .

4. The beamforming method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, included angle The calculation formula is: in, The coordinates of the beam pointing point. For array element The coordinates; Calculate the array elements using the following formula. path difference : Calculate the array elements using the following formula. latency : in, It is the speed of light.

5. The beamforming method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of beamforming the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna based on the time delay compensation values ​​of all array elements within the beam activation region includes: The transmit and receive combined beam signals of a mathematically multi-beam spherical phased array antenna are calculated using the following formula: in, This refers to the synthesized signal of all elements within the beam-activated region of a mathematically multi-beam spherical phased array antenna. To activate the first in the region The transmit and receive signals of each array element For array elements within the beam activation region The time delay compensation value is given by n, where n is the total number of array elements within the beam activation region.

6. The beamforming method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Elements within the beam activation region participate in beamforming, while elements outside the beam activation region do not.

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