Equal-aperture deep penetration perforating bullet
By designing the double-cone medicinal cover of the deep-penetrating perforation bullet with equal apertures and specific metal powder materials, the problem of uneven holes formed by the perforation bullet jet is solved, and the uniformity of perforation effect and improvement of the deep penetration performance is achieved. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311028240.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
AI Technical Summary
Conventional deep penetration perforation bombs form conical jets in the front half of the jet, resulting in different sizes of holes formed on the casing, resulting in uneven fracturing and joints, affecting the volume of reservoir transformation and subsequent liquid production and liquid injection efficiency.
Design a deep penetrating perforation bomb with an equal pore size. The medicinal cover adopts a double-cone structure, and the materials include tantalum powder, copper powder, tungsten powder and copper-covered lead powder. By adjusting the shape and material composition of the medicinal cover, the metal is made The jet keeps the jet diameter change very small between the maximum and minimum well fluid gap changes, forming a "rod-shaped jet".
It realizes the formation of uniform size holes on the casing, and maintains the tensile length of the metal jet to ensure the penetration performance, while achieving equal aperture effect, improving the uniformity of fracturing seams and subsequent production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119491688A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well perforation, and in particular to a shaped-charge deep-penetrating perforating bullet. Background Art
[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
[0003] The perforating technology of oil and gas wells uses the explosion of shaped charge to push the shaped charge cap to form a metal jet to perforate and form a channel between the wellbore and the formation. When the shaped charge forms a metal jet for perforating, it needs to pass through the wall of the perforating gun, the well fluid gap between the perforating gun and the casing, the casing wall, the cement ring and the reservoir in sequence. The size of the well fluid gap depends on the size of the gap between the perforating gun and the casing. For example, if a vertical well uses a 5.5-inch casing and a 89-type perforator is used for perforation, the maximum well fluid gap is 35mm. If the verticality of the vertical well deviates by 4 / 1000 degrees, the 89-type perforator is completely biased against one side of the casing at a depth of 500 meters, which will cause the well fluid gap passed by the metal jet on one side to be 0-4mm (depending on the type of blind hole of the perforator), and the well fluid gap on the other side to be 35-39mm.
[0004] After the conventional deep-penetrating perforating bullet is detonated, the metal jet stretches very quickly, forming a conical jet in the front half of the jet. Different well fluid gaps will cause the metal jet to form holes of different sizes on the casing. At present, the aperture change rate of deep-penetrating perforating bullets used at home and abroad is generally greater than 15%. During the fracturing completion process, due to the uneven size of the casing holes, the pressure exerted on each hole by the fracturing fluid is very different, and the pressure difference can even reach 10-15MPa. The difference in the amount of fluid and the speed of fluid inflow is large, and even invalid holes are generated, with only a small amount or no fluid inflow, resulting in uneven fracturing and fracture formation, affecting the volume of reservoir transformation, while also increasing the fracture pressure of fracturing, affecting the subsequent fluid production and injection efficiency.
[0005] The perforator centering and straightening device can be used to realize centering perforation in the casing in vertical wells and low-angle wells to achieve the purpose of casing hole consistency. However, its use is greatly restricted and it is easy to get stuck in the well. It is basically not applicable in high-angle wells and horizontal wells.
[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the invention
[0007] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a constant-aperture deep-penetrating perforating bullet to solve the problem that conventional deep-penetrating perforating bullets form a conical jet in the front half of the jet, and different well fluid gaps will lead to different sizes of holes formed on the casing.
[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet comprises a charge liner, wherein: The medicine liner is a double-cone liner, and the upper cone angle of the double-cone liner is greater than the lower cone angle; The material of the medicine liner includes tantalum powder, copper powder, tungsten powder and copper-coated lead powder.
[0009] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the upper cone angle is 5-15° greater than the lower cone angle.
[0010] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the upper cone and the lower cone of the liner are both cone-like structures; and / or, The upper cone and the lower cone are connected by arc transition.
[0011] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the opening diameter of the medicine-shaped cover is between 30-48 mm, the total height H is between 25-50 mm, and the lower cone height h is between 0.3H-0.7H; The outer cone angle A of the lower cone is between 36-45°, and the inner cone angle B is between the outer angle A and A-8°; The outer cone angle C of the upper cone is between 50-60°, and the inner cone angle D is between the outer cone angle C and C-5°; The top of the upper cone is a spherical structure, the outer spherical radius R2 is between 3-6 mm, and the inner spherical radius R1 is between 2-6 mm.
[0012] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, in terms of mass percentage, the tantalum powder is 10-35%, the tungsten powder is 20-50%, the copper-clad lead powder is 10-30%, and the copper powder is 10-30%.
[0013] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the tungsten powder is crystalline tungsten powder, and the particle sizes of the tungsten powder, the tantalum powder and the copper powder are less than 250 μm; in terms of mass percentage, the content of lead powder in the copper-clad lead powder is 60%-90%, and the content of copper powder is 10%-40%, and the particle size of the copper-clad lead powder is less than 150 μm.
[0014] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the particle size distribution of the tantalum powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 44 μm is 30% to 45%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 44μm and not larger than 74μm is 30% to 50%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 10% to 30%.
[0015] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the particle size distribution of the tungsten powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 50 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 50μm and not larger than 104μm is 50% to 70%; The mass proportion of particles with a size greater than 104 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 20% to 40%.
[0016] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the particle size distribution of the copper-clad lead powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 38 μm is 10% to 20%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 38 μm and not larger than 74 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 150μm is 60% to 80%.
[0017] In the present disclosure and possible embodiments, the particle size distribution of the copper powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 50 μm is 10-30%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 50μm and not larger than 74μm is 20-40%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 50 to 70%.
[0018] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet disclosed in the present invention, through the design of the shape and structure of the charge cap in the shaped charge, and the design of the metal powder variety of the charge cap material, the metal jet maintains a very small change in jet diameter between the maximum and minimum well fluid gap changes, forming a "rod-shaped jet" effect, thereby forming holes of uniform size on the casing, and the stretched length of the metal jet can be maintained after passing through the casing, further ensuring the penetration performance. While achieving the constant aperture effect, the penetration performance is not reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perforating bullet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the medicine-shaped cover according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Implementation
[0020] The present disclosure is described below based on embodiments, but it is worth noting that the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. In the detailed description of the present disclosure below, some specific details are described in detail. However, for the parts that are not described in detail, those skilled in the art can also fully understand the present disclosure.
[0021] In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are only provided to illustrate the purpose, features and advantages of the present disclosure, and the drawings are not actually drawn to scale.
[0022] At the same time, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the words "include", "comprises" and similar words throughout the specification and claims should be interpreted as inclusive rather than exclusive or exhaustive; that is, the meaning is "including but not limited to".
[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1 As shown, the perforating bullet includes a shell 1, ammunition 2 and a charge liner 3.
[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medicine-shaped cover of the embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, the charge liner is a double cone liner, the upper cone angle of the double cone liner is greater than the lower cone angle; the material of the charge liner includes tantalum powder, copper powder, tungsten powder and copper-coated lead powder. The upper cone angle is 6-10° greater than the lower cone angle.
[0025] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the upper cone and the lower cone of the medicine cover are both quasi-cone structures, and the quasi-cone structure means that the cone wall thickness of the upper cone and / or the lower cone is non-uniform, that is, the outer cone angle and the inner cone angle of the upper cone and / or the lower cone are different.
[0026] Preferably, the upper cone and the lower cone are joined in an arc transition manner to ensure a smooth transition at the joint between the upper cone and the lower cone, which is beneficial to the consistency of the jet.
[0027] For the following embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, the structural parameters of the medicine-shaped liner are as follows: The opening diameter of the medicine cover is between 30-48mm, the total height H is between 25-50mm, the lower cone height h is between 0.3H-0.7H, and the lower cone height h is specifically divided into the outer cone height h1 and the inner cone height h2 of the lower cone; the outer cone angle A of the lower cone is between 36-45°, and the inner cone angle B is between the outer angle A and A-8°; the outer cone angle C of the upper cone is between 50-60°, and the inner cone angle D is between the outer cone angle C and C-5°; the top of the upper cone is a spherical structure, wherein the outer spherical radius R2 is between 3-6mm, and the inner spherical radius R1 is between 2-6mm.
[0028] For the following embodiments of the present disclosure, regarding the material of the medicine-shaped liner, the content of each component in terms of mass percentage is as follows: Tantalum powder is 10-35%, tungsten powder is 20-50%, copper-clad lead powder is 10-30%, and copper powder is 10-30%. The tungsten powder used is crystalline tungsten powder, and the particle size of the tungsten powder, tantalum powder and copper powder used is less than 250μm; in terms of mass percentage, the content of lead powder in the copper-clad lead powder used is 60%-90%, and the content of copper powder is 10%-40%, and the particle size of the copper-clad lead powder used is less than 150μm.
[0029] Among them, the particle size distribution of the tantalum powder used is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 44 μm is 30% to 45%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 44μm and not larger than 74μm is 30% to 50%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 10% to 30%.
[0030] The particle size distribution of the tungsten powder used is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 50 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 50μm and not larger than 104μm is 50% to 70%; The mass proportion of particles with a size greater than 104 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 20% to 40%.
[0031] The particle size distribution of the copper-clad lead powder used is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 38 μm is 10% to 20%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 38 μm and not larger than 74 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 150μm is 60% to 80%.
[0032] The particle size distribution of the copper powder used is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 50 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 50 μm and not larger than 74 μm is 20% to 40%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 50% to 70%. Example 1
[0033] 1. Structure of the liner: The opening diameter S1 is equal to 39mm; the outer cone angle A of the lower cone is 42°, and the inner cone angle B of the lower cone is 38°; the outer cone angle C of the upper cone is 54°, and the inner cone angle D of the upper cone is 54°; the transition arc R3 between the upper cone and the lower cone is 80mm, and the transition arc R4 is 80mm; the outer spherical radius R2 of the top of the upper cone is 3.5mm, and the inner spherical radius R1 is 2.5mm; the total height H of the liner is 39.7mm, the lower cone height h1 is 20.4mm, and the lower cone height h2 is 19.3mm.
[0034] 2. Liner material: In terms of mass percentage, tantalum powder 35% (the mass percentage of particles not greater than 44μm is 40%, the mass percentage of particles greater than 44μm and not greater than 74μm is 40%, and the mass percentage of particles greater than 74μm and not greater than 250μm is 20%); tungsten powder 30% (the mass percentage of particles not greater than 50μm is 20%; the mass percentage of particles greater than 50μm and not greater than 104μm is 60%; the mass percentage of particles greater than 104μm and not greater than 250μm is 20%); copper-clad lead powder 20% (The mass proportions of the particle sizes are as follows: lead powder accounts for 80%, copper powder accounts for 20%; the mass proportion of particle size not greater than 38μm accounts for 10%; the mass proportion of particle size greater than 38μm and not greater than 74μm accounts for 30%; the mass proportion of particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 150μm accounts for 60%), copper powder 15% (the mass proportion of particle size not greater than 50μm accounts for 20%; the mass proportion of particle size greater than 50μm and not greater than 74μm accounts for 30%; the mass proportion of particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 250μm accounts for 50%).
[0035] 3. Performance test of liner: Test conditions and methods: The drug cover and perforating bullet were pressed according to the above structural data and material formula. The same pressing process and conditions were used as for the conventional deep-penetrating 89-type product SDP40. The 140mm casing API19B concrete target test (target strength 45.7MPa) was carried out in the 89-type 16-hole / m perforating gun.
[0036] Test results: average penetration depth 830mm, aperture change rate 2.2% (aperture change rate = 16 test bullets (standard deviation) / average aperture X100%), average aperture 10.6mm, the maximum hole diameter and the minimum hole diameter differ by only 0.7mm, indicating that the front half of the perforating bullet jet of Example 1 forms a "rod-shaped jet", and the aperture change rate is very small within a certain well fluid gap. The aperture change rate of the conventional deep penetration 89-type product SDP40 is 18%, the average aperture is 10.1mm, the maximum hole diameter and the minimum hole diameter differ by 5.1mm, and the average penetration depth is 681mm. The test results show that the equal-aperture deep-penetrating perforating bullet of Example 1 of the present disclosure has a good penetration depth, a small aperture change rate, and an obvious equal-aperture effect.
[0037] Example 2 1. Structure of the liner: The opening diameter S1 is 40mm; the outer cone angle A of the lower cone is 44°; the inner cone angle B of the lower cone is 41°; the outer cone angle C of the upper cone is 52°; the inner cone angle D of the upper cone is 51°; the transition arc R3 between the upper cone and the lower cone is 90mm, and the transition arc R4 is 90mm; the outer spherical radius R2 of the top of the upper cone is 5mm, and the inner spherical radius R1 is 4mm; the total height H of the liner is 39.8mm, the lower cone height h1 is 24.2mm, and the lower cone height h2 is 23mm.
[0038] 2. Liner material: In terms of mass percentage, tantalum powder 20% (the mass proportion of particles not greater than 44μm is 30%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 44μm and not greater than 74μm is 50%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 74μm and not greater than 250μm is 20%), tungsten powder 50% (the mass proportion of particles not greater than 50μm is 10%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 50μm and not greater than 104μm is 50%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 104μm and not greater than 250μm is 40%), copper-clad lead powder 10% ( The mass percentage of lead powder is 70%, the mass percentage of copper powder is 30%; the mass percentage of particle size not greater than 38μm is 10%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 38μm and not greater than 74μm is 10%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 150μm is 80%), copper powder 20% (the mass percentage of particle size not greater than 50μm is 15%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 50μm and not greater than 74μm is 25%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 250μm is 60%).
[0039] 3. Performance test of liner: Test conditions and methods: According to the above structural data and material formula, the drug cover and perforating bullet were pressed. The pressing process was the same as in Example 1. The 89-type 16-hole / m perforating gun was used to carry out a 140 mm casing API19B concrete target test (target strength 43 MPa).
[0040] Test results: aperture change rate 4.2% (aperture change rate = 16 test bullets (standard deviation) / average aperture × 100%), average aperture 9.9mm, maximum hole diameter and minimum hole diameter differ by 0.8mm, average penetration 715mm; the test results show that the penetration of the equal-aperture deep-penetrating perforating bullet of Example 2 is slightly higher than that of conventional deep-penetrating perforating bullet products, the aperture change rate is very small, the equal-aperture effect is better, and while achieving the equal-aperture effect, the penetration performance is not reduced. Example 3
[0041] 1. Structure of the liner: The opening diameter S1 is 45mm; the outer cone angle A of the lower cone is 41°; the inner cone angle B of the lower cone is 36°; the outer cone angle C of the upper cone is 50°; the inner cone angle D of the upper cone is 48°; the transition arc R3 between the upper cone and the lower cone is 70mm, and the transition arc R4 is 70mm; the outer spherical radius R2 of the top of the upper cone is 5mm, and the inner spherical radius R1 is 4.3mm; the total height H of the liner is 47.8mm, the lower cone height h1 is 25.1mm, and the lower cone height h2 is 23.8mm.
[0042] 2. Liner material: In terms of mass percentage, tantalum powder 30% (the mass proportion of particles not greater than 44μm is 45%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 44μm and not greater than 74μm is 45%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 74μm and not greater than 250μm is 10%), tungsten powder 40% (the mass proportion of particles not greater than 50μm is 10%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 50μm and not greater than 104μm is 60%; the mass proportion of particles greater than 104μm and not greater than 250μm is 30%), copper-clad lead powder 15% ( The mass percentage of lead powder is 80%, the mass percentage of copper powder is 20%; the mass percentage of particle size not greater than 38μm is 10%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 38μm and not greater than 74μm is 30%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 150μm is 70%), copper powder 15% (the mass percentage of particle size not greater than 50μm is 25%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 50μm and not greater than 74μm is 20%; the mass percentage of particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 250μm is 55%).
[0043] 3. Performance test of liner: Test conditions and methods: According to the above structural data and material formula, the molded cover and the perforating bullet are pressed. The pressing process is the same as that in Example 1. The perforating bullet is loaded into a 102-type 16-hole / m perforating gun (this type of perforating bullet is also suitable for a 178-type 40-hole / m high-density equal-aperture perforator) to carry out a 140 mm casing API19B concrete target test (target strength 47.5 MPa).
[0044] Test results: aperture change rate 3.9% (aperture change rate = 16 test bullets (standard deviation) / average aperture x 100%), average aperture 10.6mm, maximum hole diameter and minimum hole diameter differ by 0.9mm, average penetration depth 1023mm. Conventional 102-type deep-penetrating perforating bullets have a penetration depth of 985mm, and an aperture change rate greater than 12%. The test results show that the equal-aperture deep-penetrating perforating bullet of Example 3 has a penetration depth comparable to that of conventional 102-type deep-penetrating perforating bullets, a very small aperture change rate, and a very good effect. While achieving the equal-aperture effect, the penetration performance is not reduced.
[0045] The above-described embodiments are only embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present disclosure, several variations, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. may be made, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure shall be subject to the attached claims.
Claims
1. A constant-aperture deep-penetrating perforating bullet, comprising a liner, characterized in that: The medicine liner is a double-cone liner, and the upper cone angle of the double-cone liner is greater than the lower cone angle; The material of the medicine liner includes tantalum powder, copper powder, tungsten powder and copper-coated lead powder.
2. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cone angle is 5-15° greater than the lower cone angle.
3. The equal-aperture deep-penetrating perforating bullet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper cone and the lower cone of the liner are both cone-like structures; and / or, The upper cone and the lower cone are connected by arc transition.
4. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 3, characterized in that: The opening diameter of the medicine-shaped cover is between 30-48 mm, the total height H is between 25-50 mm, and the lower cone height h is between 0.3H-0.7H; The outer cone angle A of the lower cone is between 36-45°, and the inner cone angle B is between the outer angle A and A-8°; The outer cone angle C of the upper cone is between 50-60°, and the inner cone angle D is between the outer cone angle C and C-5°; The top of the upper cone is a spherical structure, the outer spherical radius R2 is between 3-6 mm, and the inner spherical radius R1 is between 2-6 mm.
5. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the tantalum powder is 10-35%, the tungsten powder is 20-50%, the copper-clad lead powder is 10-30%, and the copper powder is 10-30%.
6. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tungsten powder is crystalline tungsten powder, and the particle sizes of the tungsten powder, the tantalum powder and the copper powder are less than 250 μm. In terms of mass percentage, the content of lead powder in the copper-clad lead powder is 60%-90%, and the content of copper powder is 10%-40%, and the particle size of the copper-clad lead powder is less than 150 μm.
7. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 6, characterized in that: The particle size distribution of the tantalum powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 44 μm is 30% to 45%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 44μm and not larger than 74μm is 30% to 50%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 10% to 30%.
8. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 7, characterized in that: The particle size distribution of the tungsten powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 50 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 50μm and not larger than 104μm is 50% to 70%; The mass proportion of particles with a size greater than 104 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 20% to 40%.
9. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 8, characterized in that: The particle size distribution of the copper-clad lead powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 38 μm is 10% to 20%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 38 μm and not larger than 74 μm is 10% to 30%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74μm and not greater than 150μm is 60% to 80%.
10. The constant aperture deep penetration perforating bullet according to claim 9, characterized in that: The particle size distribution of the copper powder is: The mass proportion of particles with a size of no more than 50 μm is 10-30%; The mass proportion of particles larger than 50μm and not larger than 74μm is 20-40%; The mass proportion of particles with a particle size greater than 74 μm and not greater than 250 μm is 50 to 70%.