Method for rapidly completing breeding of common vetch in whole growth period from sowing to seed maturation indoors

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of common vetch cultivation, in particular to a common vetch indoor breeding method for rapidly completing the whole growth period from sowing to seed maturation, which comprises the following steps: disinfecting by using 75% ethanol and 6.75% sodium hypochlorite for seed pretreatment; accelerating germination in a dark place at 25 DEG C in a culture dish; and transplanting germinated seedlings into a mixed medium of nutrient soil added with carbendazim and vermiculite, and carrying out vegetative growth culture by virtue of a white light source with the light intensity of 20000-25000Lux at the top end of the plant at the temperature of 25 DEG C for 14-16h / 8-10h in an illumination / dark environment alternation manner. In the reproductive growth stage, the temperature is 27 DEG C, the illumination / dark environment is alternated for 17 hours / 7 hours, and the light intensity of a 20000 Lux white light source is arranged at the top end of the plant. By adopting the conditions, plants can bloom in 33 days, mature seeds can be obtained in 60 days, and the duration is far faster than the duration of the whole growth period of 84-230 days in a conventional field environment. According to the method, the breeding speed of the common vetch is greatly increased, the method can be widely applied to rapid seed propagation, meanwhile, the requirement of genetic research for rapid material culture can be met, and the method has good genetic research and breeding application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pea cultivation, and in particular to a method for quickly breeding pea indoors for quickly completing the entire growth period from sowing to seed maturity. Background Art

[0002] The arrow pea is a plant of the genus Vicia of the Leguminosae family. It grows fast, has high yields, and is rich in nutrients. Its stems and leaves contain 81.56% organic matter, 22.81% crude protein, 2.30% nitrogen, 0.20% phosphorus, and 1.58% potassium. Its seeds contain up to 29.70% to 31.30% crude protein, and its powder yield is as high as 34.50%, making it an excellent forage for feed and silage. At the same time, the arrow pea has a strong ability to absorb phosphorus fertilizer and has a nitrogen-fixing effect through root nodules. It is widely used as a green manure crop, which can improve soil fertility and repair the environment, and is of great significance to the establishment of sustainable agriculture. Vicia plants also have important ecological and environmental functions such as windbreak, sand fixation, and water conservation. While increasing agricultural production, they can also effectively improve the problem of poor soil environment. They have significant "weed" advantages in ecological restoration of forests with harsh habitats and orchard reclamation and grassing. Therefore, protecting and cultivating the peas has a significant role in improving the poor soil environment. Making it enter the breeding period quickly means that seeds can be obtained in a shorter time, thereby accelerating its application in various environments. This not only helps to improve agricultural production efficiency, but also can play its ecological restoration function more quickly, improve soil quality, and repair the damaged environment. Therefore, accelerating the reproduction and promotion of peas is of great significance to establishing sustainable agriculture and improving the ecological environment.

[0003] However, there are few existing technologies for cultivating samphire peas, and most of them are cultivated outdoors, resulting in low seed germination rate and survival rate during the cultivation process and late entry into the breeding period. At the same time, the existing technologies for cultivating samphire peas also have the defect of long cultivation time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art, and a breeding method of arrow pea is proposed which can quickly complete the whole growth period from sowing to seed maturity indoors, which greatly accelerates the breeding speed of arrow pea, can be widely used in rapid seed propagation, and can also meet the demand of genetic research for rapid cultivation of materials, and has good genetic research and breeding application prospects.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for quickly completing the whole growth period of peas from sowing to seed maturity indoors comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) Seed pretreatment: remove impurities from the seeds of the peas stored in a refrigerator at 4°C, select seeds of uniform size, roundness, plumpness and light color, put them in a clean 50 ml centrifuge tube, treat them with 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, wash them with pure water three times, treat them with 6.75% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, and wash them with pure water until they are colorless, thereby obtaining pretreated peas seeds;

[0008] 2) accelerating germination: the pre-treated pea seeds obtained in step 1) are evenly spread in a culture dish padded with two layers of Xinxing filter paper, and covered with one layer of Xinxing filter paper for germination. The culture dish contains 10 ml of purified water, and the germination is accelerated in the dark. The pea seeds can germinate after 1 to 2 days, and the germination rate can reach 85% after 72 hours. After 4 to 6 days, germinated seedlings with a bud length of 1 to 3 cm can be obtained;

[0009] 3) Vegetative growth: The germinated seedlings obtained in step 2) are subjected to seedling light culture, the culture medium is a mixed medium of nutrient soil and vermiculite, wherein carbendazim pesticide is added and mixed evenly, and the culture method is: 25° C., 14 h light and 10 h dark environment are alternately performed, and the light intensity at the top of the plant is 20000 Lux; after the seedlings grow for 15 days, when the plant height reaches 35-38 cm, they are moved out of the seedling culture area and continue to be cultured under light, and the light culture method is: 25° C., 16 h light and 8 h dark environment are alternately performed, and the light intensity at the top of the plant is 25000 Lux of white light source irradiation;

[0010] 4) Reproductive growth: After 12 to 15 days of culturing in the vegetative period in step 3), when the plant height reaches 60 to 70 cm and the number of flowers reaches 1 to 2, reproductive growth management is performed, and the light culture method is: 27°C, 17 hours of light and 7 hours of darkness alternately, and irradiation with a white light source with an intensity of 20,000 Lux;

[0011] 5) After the plants in step 4) grow for 1 to 3 days, they begin to produce pods. After 29 to 30 days, the pods are plump and dry and can be picked.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2), the purified water is sterilized at 122° C. and 0.1 kPa for 20 min, and then cooled to room temperature before use.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2), the temperature is maintained at 25° C. to 27° C. and the relative humidity is maintained at 65% to 70%.

[0014] Preferably, in the step 3), the ratio of the mixed medium is 3:1 of nutrient soil and vermiculite, the temperature is maintained at 25°C, the relative humidity is 65% to 70%, the early seedlings are 40 cm away from the light source, where the light intensity is 20,000 Lux, and after 15 days of growth, the top of the plant is 70 cm away from the light source, where the light intensity is 25,000 Lux.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4), the temperature is maintained at 27° C. and the relative humidity is maintained at 60% to 65% during the reproductive growth management period.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The invention improves the germination rate of seeds by soaking them in 75% ethanol during the germination process through seed screening; and finely controls the height, temperature and relative humidity of the culture light source during the light culture process, greatly advances the time when the pea enters the breeding period, and shortens the time to obtain seeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a comparison diagram of the seeds of the arrowroot pea before and after screening in the present invention; wherein the left side is the unscreened seeds, and the right side is the screened seeds;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a picture showing the effect of the pea sprouting for 68 hours in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a rendering of the effect of the pea sprouting for 6 days in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a rendering of the effect of the present invention when the pea sprouts for 20 days and the plant height is 32 cm;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a rendering of the effect of the arrow pea of ​​the present invention when it germinates for 33 days and begins to enter reproductive growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the advantages and features of the present invention, thereby making a clearer definition of the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments described in the present invention are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods; the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0025] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 A method for quickly breeding peas indoors from sowing to seed maturity during the entire growth period comprises the following steps:

[0026] 1) Remove impurities from the seeds of the arrow pea stored in a 4°C refrigerator, select seeds of uniform size, roundness, and light color, and place them in a clean 50 ml centrifuge tube ( Figure 1 ), treated with 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, ethanol can promote seed germination, then washed with pure water three times, treated with 6.75% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes to disinfect the seeds, washed with pure water until colorless, and obtained pre-treated arrow pea seeds;

[0027] 2) The pre-treated pea seeds obtained in step 1) are evenly spread in a culture dish padded with two layers of Xinxing filter paper, and covered with one layer of Xinxing filter paper for germination. The culture dish contains 10 ml of pure water, and the double-layer filter paper and the filter paper are used to moisturize the seeds. The seeds are kept in a dark place for germination. After 1 to 2 days, the pea seeds can germinate. After 72 hours, the germination rate can reach 85%. After 4 to 6 days, germinated seedlings with a bud length of 1 to 3 cm can be obtained ( Figure 2-3 );

[0028] 3) The germinated seedlings obtained in step 2) are subjected to seedling light culture, wherein the culture medium is a mixed medium of nutrient soil and vermiculite, wherein carbendazim pesticide is added and mixed evenly, and the light culture method is: 14 hours of white light source irradiation with a light intensity of 20000 Lux and 10 hours of dark environment are alternately performed;

[0029] 4) After the seedlings in step 3) have grown for 15 days, the plant height is 35-38 cm ( Figure 4 ), moved out of the seedling culture area, and carried out light culture in the vegetative period, the light culture method was: 16 hours of white light source irradiation with a light intensity of 25000 Lux and 8 hours of dark environment alternately;

[0030] 5) After the plants in step 4) have grown for 12 to 15 days, the plant height reaches 60 to 70 cm, the number of flowers reaches 1 to 2, and then reproductive growth management is carried out ( Figure 5 ), the light culture method was: 17 h of white light illumination with a light intensity of 20,000 Lux and 7 h of dark environment alternately;

[0031] 6) After the plants in step 5) grow for 1 to 3 days, they begin to produce pods. After 29 to 30 days, the pods are plump and dry and can be picked.

[0032] Example:

[0033] 1) Remove impurities from the seeds of the peas stored in a refrigerator at 4°C, select 100 seeds of uniform size, roundness, plumpness and light color, put them in a clean 50 ml centrifuge tube, treat them with 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, wash them with pure water three times, treat them with 6.75% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, and wash them with pure water until they are colorless, to obtain pre-treated peas seeds;

[0034] 2) The pre-treated V. vetch seeds obtained in step 1) were evenly spread in a culture dish padded with two layers of Xinxing filter paper, and covered with one layer of Xinxing filter paper for germination, the culture dish contained 10 ml of purified water, and the germination was accelerated in a dark place, wherein the temperature was 25° C. and the relative humidity was 65%, and after 4 days, 85 V. vetch seeds had germinated, and 85 germinated seedlings were obtained, and the average bud length was 1.19 cm;

[0035] 3) The germinated seedlings obtained in step 2) are subjected to light culture, wherein the culture medium is a mixed medium of nutrient soil and vermiculite, wherein carbendazim pesticide is added and mixed evenly, and the light culture method is: 14 hours of white light source irradiation with a light intensity of 20000 Lux and 10 hours of dark environment are alternately performed, the temperature is 25° C., the relative humidity is 65%, and the seedlings are 40 cm away from the light source;

[0036] 4) After the seedlings in step 3) have grown for 16 days and the plant height reaches 37 cm, they are moved out of the seedling culture area and cultured under alternating light conditions of 16 hours of 25,000 Lux illumination and 8 hours of darkness, with a temperature of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 65%, and the top of the plant is 70 cm away from the light source.

[0037] 5) After the plants in step 4) have grown for 12 days, the plant height reaches 60 cm and the number of flowers reaches 1 to 2, and then reproductive growth management is carried out, and the light culture method is: 17 hours of white light illumination with a light intensity of 20,000 Lux and 7 hours of dark environment are alternately performed, and the temperature is maintained at 27° C. and the relative humidity is 60%;

[0038] 6) After the plants in step 5) have grown for 1 day, they begin to produce pods. After 29 days, the pods are plump and dry and can be picked.

[0039] It was determined that the seed germination time was 4 days, the total seedling raising time during the breeding period was 61 days, the germination rate was 85%, and the plant flowering rate was 96.5%.

[0040] In summary, the present invention greatly accelerates the breeding speed of pea, can be widely used in rapid seed propagation, and can also meet the needs of genetic research for rapid material cultivation, and has good genetic research and breeding application prospects.

[0041] The description and practice disclosed in the present invention are easy to think and understand for ordinary technicians in the technical field, and several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. Therefore, modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly growing peas indoors from sowing to seed maturity, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Seed pretreatment: remove impurities from the seeds of the peas stored in a refrigerator at 4°C, select seeds of uniform size, roundness, plumpness and light color, put them in a clean 50 ml centrifuge tube, treat them with 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, wash them with pure water three times, treat them with 6.75% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, and wash them with pure water until they are colorless, thereby obtaining pretreated peas seeds; 2) accelerating germination: the pre-treated pea seeds obtained in step 1) are evenly spread in a culture dish padded with two layers of Xinxing filter paper, and covered with one layer of Xinxing filter paper for germination. The culture dish contains 10 ml of purified water, and the germination is accelerated in the dark. The pea seeds can germinate after 1 to 2 days, and the germination rate can reach 85% after 72 hours. After 4 to 6 days, germinated seedlings with a bud length of 1 to 3 cm can be obtained; 3) Vegetative growth: The germinated seedlings obtained in step 2) are subjected to seedling light culture, the culture medium is a mixed medium of nutrient soil and vermiculite, wherein carbendazim pesticide is added and mixed evenly, and the culture method is: 25° C., 14 h light and 10 h dark environment are alternately performed, and the light intensity at the top of the plant is 20000 Lux; after the seedlings grow for 15 days, when the plant height reaches 35-38 cm, they are moved out of the seedling culture area and continue to be cultured under light, and the light culture method is: 25° C., 16 h light and 8 h dark environment are alternately performed, and the light intensity at the top of the plant is 25000 Lux of white light source irradiation; 4) Reproductive growth: After 12 to 15 days of culturing in the vegetative period in step 3), when the plant height reaches 60 to 70 cm and the number of flowers reaches 1 to 2, reproductive growth management is performed, and the light culture method is: 27°C, 17 hours of light and 7 hours of darkness alternately, and irradiation with a white light source with an intensity of 20,000 Lux; 5) After the plants in step 4) grow for 1 to 3 days, they begin to produce pods. After 29 to 30 days, the pods are plump and dry and can be picked.

2. A method for breeding peas indoors to quickly complete the entire growth period from sowing to seed maturity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the purified water is sterilized at 122° C. and 0.1 kPa for 20 min and then cooled to room temperature before use.

3. A method for breeding peas indoors to quickly complete the entire growth period from sowing to seed maturity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the temperature is maintained at 25° C. to 27° C. and the relative humidity is maintained at 65% to 70%.

4. A method for breeding peas indoors to quickly complete the entire growth period from sowing to seed maturity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3), the ratio of the mixed medium is 3:1 of nutrient soil and vermiculite, the temperature is maintained at 25°C, the relative humidity is 65% to 70%, the early seedlings are 40 cm away from the light source, where the light intensity is 20,000 Lux, and after 15 days of growth, the top of the plant is 70 cm away from the light source, where the light intensity is 25,000 Lux.

5. A method for breeding peas indoors to quickly complete the entire growth period from sowing to seed maturity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4), the temperature is maintained at 27° C. and the relative humidity is maintained at 60% to 65% during the reproductive growth management period.

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