Planting method of anti-corrosion fertilizing type corn and application of planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of anti-corrosion fertilizing type corn and application of the planting method. The planting method comprises the following steps: (1) 5-7 days before planting, returning corn straws to rows, and carrying out minimal tillage and soil preparation on the land to obtain a to-be-planted land; (2) dividing the land parcel to be planted into a planting area and a covering area which are adjacent to each other; (3) corn kernels are harvested, 25-35 cm of corn straw stubbles are reserved, and the rest of corn straw covers and returns to the field; and (4) in the second year, crushing the stubble corn straws and the leguminous plants in the covering area, covering and returning to the field. According to the planting method, soil fertility can be improved, wind prevention and sand fixation can be achieved, and the yield of corn can be increased. And a basis is provided for high-yield corn planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of planting technology, and in particular to a planting method for anti-corrosion and fertilizing corn and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The Northeast Black Soil Region presents a basin-shaped terrain with a central plain and mountains on three sides. The Northeast Black Soil Region has concentrated precipitation with concentrated rain and hot seasons. In addition, the black soil surface is soft, and farmland with a slope greater than 0.5° is at risk of soil hydraulic and wind erosion. The greater the slope, the higher the erosion risk.

[0003] Land erosion not only thins the soil layer for planting, but also makes the land hard and thin, reducing food yields and even making it unsuitable for food planting.

[0004] The Northeast Black Soil Region is one of the corn production areas in my country, with a large corn planting area. The existing planting method uses straw covering to increase corn yield and reduce soil erosion, which can reduce soil loss to a certain extent. However, due to the excessive amount of straw returned to the field and incomplete crushing, it affects the germination of seeds and the growth of crops, and cannot increase corn yield. A corn planting method that can effectively increase corn yield in the Northeast Black Soil Region and effectively prevent erosion and improve fertility is urgently needed.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method which can effectively prevent soil erosion and effectively improve corn yield and quality, and in particular, it relates to a planting method of anti-erosion and fertilizing corn and its application.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for planting erosion-resistant and fertilizing corn, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) 5 to 7 days before planting, corn stalks are returned to the rows, and the land is prepared by minimal tillage to obtain the land to be planted;

[0010] (2) dividing the land to be planted into adjacent planting areas and covering areas, sowing corn seeds in the planting areas and sowing legume seeds in the covering areas;

[0011] The width of each planting area is 115-145cm; 4 rows are sown in each planting area, and the sowing method is wide and narrow rows, with the wide row being 55-65cm and the narrow row being 30-40cm;

[0012] The width of each covered area is 55-65 cm, 3-5 rows are sown in each covered area, and the row spacing is 10-15 cm;

[0013] (3) Harvest corn kernels, leave 25 to 35 cm of corn stalks, and return the rest of the corn stalks to the field for mulching;

[0014] (4) In the second year, the remaining corn stalks and legumes in the covered area are crushed and returned to the field for mulch.

[0015] Preferably, the depth of minimal tillage land preparation is 20 to 25 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the plant spacing when sowing corn seeds in step (2) is 20 to 30 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the legume plant in step (2) includes one or more of alfalfa, plantain, sainfoin and clover;

[0018] The time to sow legumes is when corn has 3 to 5 leaves;

[0019] The amount of leguminous plant seeds sown is 20-30 kg / mu.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the crushed material in step (4) is 1 to 3 cm.

[0021] The invention also provides application of the planting method in windproofing, soil consolidation and soil fertility improvement.

[0022] The invention also provides application of the planting method in improving corn yield.

[0023] The present invention provides a planting method and application of erosion-resistant fertilization corn. The planting method of the present invention is as follows: (1) 5 to 7 days before planting, corn stalks are returned to rows, and the land is prepared by less tillage to obtain a land to be planted; (2) the land to be planted is divided into adjacent planting areas and covering areas, corn seeds are sown in the planting areas, and legume seeds are sown in the covering areas; the width of each planting area is 115 to 145 cm; 4 rows are sown in each planting area, and the sowing method is wide and narrow rows, the wide row is 55 to 65 cm, and the narrow row is 30 to 40 cm; the width of each covering area is 55 to 65 cm, 3 to 5 rows are sown in each covering area, and the row spacing is 10 to 15 cm; (3) corn kernels are harvested, 25 to 35 cm of corn stalks are left, and the rest of the corn stalks are covered and returned to the field; (4) the corn stalks left and the legumes in the covering area are crushed, covered and returned to the field in the second year. The present invention utilizes a wide and narrow row method to plant corn, which can improve the ventilation and light transmission capacity of the field, increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the field, increase photosynthesis, and make the corn stalks well-developed, the crops strong, and improve the yield and lodging resistance of corn. Planting legumes in the covered area not only prevents soil erosion, but also can be used as green manure for corn growth in the second year after returning them to the field in the second year due to their strong nitrogen fixation ability, thereby reducing the amount of fertilizer applied in the next year. When returning the straw to the field, not all the straw is returned to the field, but a part of the straw is returned to the field. Returning part of the straw to the field reduces the spread of pests and diseases compared to returning all the straw to the field, better controls the input of nutrients, avoids soil nutrient imbalance, and avoids crop growth being hindered.

[0024] In summary, the planting method of the present invention can reduce soil erosion, reduce the application of fertilizers, and increase the emergence rate and yield of corn, providing a basis for the planting of corn in Northeast China. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a method for planting erosion-resistant and fertilizing corn, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) 5 to 7 days before planting, preferably 6 days, the corn stalks are returned to the rows, and the land is prepared after minimal tillage to obtain the land to be planted; (2) the land to be planted is divided into adjacent planting areas and covering areas, corn seeds are sown in the planting areas, and legume seeds are sown in the covering areas; the width of each planting area is 115 to 145 cm, preferably 130 cm; 4 rows are sown in each planting area, and the sowing method is wide and narrow rows, with the wide row being 55 to 65 cm, preferably 60 cm, and the narrow row being 30 to 40 cm, preferably 35 cm; the width of each covering area is 55 to 65 cm, preferably 60 cm, and 3 to 5 rows, preferably 4 rows, are sown in each covering area, and the row spacing is 10 to 15 cm, preferably 12.5 cm; (3) the corn kernels are harvested, and the corn stalks are left with 25 to 35 cm, preferably 30 cm, and the rest of the corn stalks are covered and returned to the field; (4) the remaining corn stalks and the legumes in the covering area are crushed and covered and returned to the field in the second year.

[0027] In the present invention, if the preceding crop is corn, the corn stalks need to be arranged in rows before planting; if the preceding crop is not corn, the step of arranging the corn stalks in rows before planting can be omitted.

[0028] In the present invention, the less-tillage land preparation is to perform less-tillage treatment on only the sowing rows in the planting area. The purpose of this operation is to reduce soil disturbance and reduce the damage of wind erosion to the land. Corn stalks are returned to the rows, which means that after leaving the sowing rows in the planting area and the covering area, corn stalks are covered in the rest of the area to reduce wind erosion damage.

[0029] In the present invention, land preparation also includes fertilizing the land, the fertilization method is broadcasting, the fertilizer applied is organic microbial fertilizer, the organic matter content in the organic microbial fertilizer is greater than 40%, and the number of effective live bacteria in the organic microbial fertilizer is greater than 20 million / g; in the present invention, the organic microbial fertilizer is commercially available. The amount of fertilizer applied is 30-120 kg / mu, and the amount of fertilizer applied when planting corn for the first time using the method of the present invention is preferably 100-120 kg / mu, the amount of fertilizer applied when planting corn in the second year is preferably 60-100 kg / mu, and the amount of fertilizer applied when planting corn in the third year or thereafter is preferably 20-50 kg / mu.

[0030] In the present invention, the depth of the minimal tillage land preparation is 20 to 25 cm, preferably 22.5 cm.

[0031] In the present invention, the plant spacing when sowing corn seeds in step (2) is 20 to 30 cm, preferably 25 cm.

[0032] In the present invention, the leguminous plant in step (2) includes one or more of alfalfa, plantain, sainfoin and clover;

[0033] The time to sow legumes is when corn has 3 to 5 leaves, preferably when it has 4 leaves;

[0034] The amount of leguminous plant seeds sown is 20-30 kg / mu, preferably 25 kg / mu.

[0035] In the present invention, the particle size of the crushed product in step (4) is 1 to 3 cm, preferably 2 cm.

[0036] In the present invention, the variety of corn is Longgao L2, Liangyu 99, Dongdan 1331 or Woyu No. 3.

[0037] The invention also provides application of the planting method in preventing wind and fixing sand and improving soil fertility.

[0038] The present invention also provides application of the planting method in improving corn yield and / or quality.

[0039] The solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The organic microbial fertilizer described in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Shijiazhuang Maofeng Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with an organic matter content of >40%, and an effective number of live bacteria in the organic microbial fertilizer of >20 million / g.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested in Haosong agricultural demonstration field in Changling County, Songyuan City, Jilin Province, and the planted crop before the test was soybean.

[0042] The corn variety described in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is Dongdan 1331.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] 6 days before planting in 2021, organic microbial fertilizer was applied at a rate of 100 kg / mu, and the land was divided into adjacent planting areas and covering areas. The width of each planting area was 130 cm, and each planting area was divided into 4 rows. Corn seeds were sown in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 60 cm and a narrow row of 35 cm. After determining the sowing row, the sowing row was treated with less tillage, and the depth of less tillage was 25 cm. Corn seeds were sown in the planting area, and the sowing depth was 5 cm. The plant spacing at the time of sowing was 25 cm. The width of each covering area was 60 cm, and each covering area was sown with a row spacing of 15 cm. 4 rows of legume seeds (the mass ratio of alfalfa: three-leaf plantain: red bean grass: three-leaf ground clover was 1:1:1:1) were sown. The first and last sowing rows of each covering area were 7.5 cm away from the planting rows of the adjacent planting area, and the sowing rate was 30 kg / mu. The time for sowing legumes is to sow when the corn grows to 3 leaves.

[0045] Apply 15kg / mu of urea during the jointing stage, tassel stage and filling stage of corn respectively.

[0046] Corn kernels are harvested, and 30 cm of corn stalks are left. The remaining corn stalks are used to cover the planting area and the covering area (the purpose of covering the corn stalks is to reduce wind erosion). Legumes continue to grow until the legume residues are naturally covered on the ground.

[0047] 5 days before planting in 2022, first remove the corn stalks covering the surface from the ground, crush the remaining corn stalks and the legumes in the covering area to 2 cm, cover them on the surface and return them to the field, and spread organic microbial fertilizer at a rate of 80 kg / mu. Return the corn stalks off the ground to the rows, cover the planting area and the covering area, leaving only the sowing rows in the planting area and the covering area. The sowing rows in the planting area are treated with less tillage, with a depth of 25 cm. The rest are planted according to the planting method of 2021. Planting in 2023 will be carried out according to the planting method of 2022. The difference from the planting in 2022 is that the amount of organic microbial fertilizer spread during planting is 30 kg / mu. Planting in 2024 will be carried out according to the planting method of 2023.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] The scheme of Comparative Example 1 is set up according to the method of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that after harvesting corn kernels, all corn stalks are left as stubble, and before planting in 2022, 2023 and 2024, all corn stalks are crushed and returned to the field.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] The scheme of comparative example 1 was set up according to the method of example 1, except that after the corn kernels were harvested, all the corn stalks were removed from the ground.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] The scheme of comparative example 3 was set up according to the method of example 1. The difference from example 1 was that when sowing corn seeds, the wide-narrow row planting method was not used, but the row spacing was fixed at 43.3 cm, and 4 rows of corn seeds were sown in each planting area.

[0054] Experimental Example 1

[0055] Before planting corn and after harvesting corn kernels every year, soil from 0 to 20 cm in the corresponding corn field was collected to test the effects of different planting methods in different years on the content of organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus and alkaline nitrogen in the soil.

[0056] Potassium dichromate volumetric method was used to detect the content of organic matter in the soil, flame photometer method was used to detect the content of available potassium in the soil, sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-spectrophotometry was used to detect the content of available phosphorus in the soil, and alkali diffusion method was used to detect the content of alkaline nitrogen in the soil. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Effects of different planting methods on the content of active ingredients in the soil

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Table 1 shows that the contents of organic matter, available potassium, organic phosphorus and alkaline nitrogen in the soil reached a balance in the third and fourth years after planting using the method of Example 1. Comparative Examples 1 and 3, in which all the straw was returned to the field and the sowing method was changed, did not affect the accumulation of nutrients in the soil, but the nutrients in the land became increasingly scarce after all the straw was removed from the ground. This may be because after all the straw was removed from the ground, the nutrients in the straw could not be absorbed by the land, and after the straw was removed from the ground, it could not play an anti-erosion role, and the topsoil was blown away or flowed away, causing the land to become increasingly barren.

[0061] Experimental Example 2

[0062] The germination rate and yield of corn under different planting methods were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Germination rate = number of germinated plants / number of sowing holes × 100%.

[0064] Table 2 Corn yield under different planting methods

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 2 shows that the yield of corn obtained by planting using the method of Example 1 is the highest. In Comparative Example 1, after all the corn stalks are left, they are returned to the field. Since the corn stalks contain a large number of pathogens, they will affect the growth of corn, resulting in a decrease in corn yield. Moreover, after all the corn stalks are returned to the field, the soil structure changes, affecting the emergence rate of corn, thereby reducing the corn yield. In Comparative Example 2, since all the corn stalks are off the ground, wind erosion or water erosion of the soil is caused, the surface soil becomes less, and the content of organic matter and nutrients in the soil is reduced, resulting in a reduction in yield. The change in the sowing method of Comparative Example 3 does not affect the emergence rate of corn and the content of soil nutrients, but this planting method causes the corn to absorb less sunlight, affecting the photosynthetic efficiency, thereby resulting in a decrease in yield.

[0068] Application Example 1

[0069] 7 days before planting in the first year, organic microbial fertilizer was applied at a rate of 120 kg / mu, and the land was divided into adjacent planting areas and covering areas. The width of each planting area was 145 cm, and each planting area was divided into 4 rows. Corn seeds were sown in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 65 cm and a narrow row of 40 cm. After determining the sowing row, the sowing row was treated with less tillage, and the depth of less tillage was 25 cm. Corn seeds were sown in the planting area, and the sowing depth was 5 cm. The spacing between plants during sowing was 20 cm. The width of each covering area was 56 cm, and each covering area was sown with a row spacing of 14 cm. Four rows of legume seeds (the mass ratio of alfalfa: three-leaf plantain: red bean grass: three-leaf ground clover was 1:1:1:1) were sown. The first and last sowing rows of each covering area were 7 cm away from the planting rows of the adjacent planting area, and the sowing rate was 25 kg / mu. The time for sowing legumes was when the corn grew to 3 leaves.

[0070] Apply 12kg / mu of urea during the jointing stage, tassel stage and filling stage of corn respectively.

[0071] Corn kernels are harvested, and 25 cm of corn stalks are left. The remaining corn stalks are used to cover the planting area and the covering area (the purpose of covering the corn stalks is to reduce wind erosion). Legumes continue to grow until the legume residues are naturally covered on the ground.

[0072] 5 days before planting in the second year, remove the corn stalks covering the surface from the ground, crush the corn stalks left on the ground and the legumes in the covering area to 3 cm, cover them on the surface and return them to the field, spread organic microbial fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg / mu, return the corn stalks off the ground to the rows, cover the planting area and the covering area, and only leave the sowing rows in the planting area and the covering area. The sowing rows in the planting area are treated with less tillage, and the depth of less tillage is 25 cm. The rest are planted according to the planting method of the first year. From the third year onwards, the amount of organic microbial fertilizer spread is 50 kg / mu, and the rest of the steps are planted according to the method of the second year.

[0073] Corn seeds are good quality 99.

[0074] The yield of Liangyu 99 grown using this method was 637kg / mu in the first year, 659kg / mu in the second year, and 672kg / mu in the third year.

[0075] Application Example 2

[0076] 5 days before planting in the first year, organic microbial fertilizer was spread at a rate of 100 kg / mu, and the land was divided into adjacent planting areas and covering areas. The width of each planting area was 115 cm, and each planting area was divided into 4 rows. Corn seeds were sown in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 55 cm and a narrow row of 30 cm. After determining the sowing row, the sowing row was treated with less tillage, and the depth of less tillage was 25 cm. Corn seeds were sown in the planting area, and the sowing depth was 5 cm. The spacing between plants during sowing was 30 cm. The width of each covering area was 65 cm, and each covering area was sown with a row spacing of 13 cm. 5 rows of legume seeds (the mass ratio of alfalfa: three-leaf plantain: red bean grass: three-leaf ground clover was 1:1:1:1) were sown. The first and last sowing rows of each covering area were 6.5 cm away from the planting rows of the adjacent planting area, and the sowing rate was 30 kg / mu. The time for sowing legumes was when the corn grew to 4 leaves.

[0077] Apply 12kg / mu of urea during the jointing stage, tassel stage and filling stage of corn respectively.

[0078] Corn kernels are harvested, and 35 cm of corn stalks are left. The remaining corn stalks are used to cover the planting area and the covering area (the purpose of covering the corn stalks is to reduce wind erosion). Legumes continue to grow until the legume residues are naturally covered on the ground.

[0079] 5 days before planting in the second year, remove the corn stalks covering the surface from the ground, crush the corn stalks left on the ground and the legumes in the covering area to 1 cm, cover them on the surface and return them to the field, apply organic microbial fertilizer at a rate of 60 kg / mu, return the corn stalks off the ground to the rows, cover the planting area and the covering area, and only leave the sowing rows in the planting area and the covering area. The sowing rows in the planting area are treated with less tillage, and the depth of less tillage is 25 cm. The rest are planted according to the planting method of the first year. From the third year onwards, the amount of organic microbial fertilizer applied is 20 kg / mu, and the rest of the steps are planted according to the method of the second year.

[0080] The corn seeds are Longgao L2.

[0081] The yield of Longgao L2 grown using this method was 618 kg / mu in the first year, 639 kg / mu in the second year, and 657 kg / mu in the third year.

[0082] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for planting erosion-resistant and fertilizing corn and its application. Planting according to the method of the present invention can not only improve the emergence rate and yield of corn, but also has the effect of erosion prevention and improvement of soil nutrients. It provides a basis for fertilizing soil, preventing wind and fixing sand, and increasing corn yield.

[0083] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting erosion-resistant and fertilizing corn, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) 5 to 7 days before planting, corn stalks are returned to the rows, and the land is prepared by minimal tillage to obtain the land to be planted; (2) dividing the land to be planted into adjacent planting areas and covering areas, sowing corn seeds in the planting areas and sowing legume seeds in the covering areas; The width of each planting area is 115-145cm; 4 rows are sown in each planting area, and the sowing method is wide and narrow rows, with the wide row being 55-65cm and the narrow row being 30-40cm; The width of each covered area is 55-65 cm, 3-5 rows are sown in each covered area, and the row spacing is 10-15 cm; (3) Harvest corn kernels, leave 25 to 35 cm of corn stalks, and return the rest of the corn stalks to the field for mulching; (4) In the second year, the remaining corn stalks and legumes in the covered area are crushed and returned to the field for mulch.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of minimal tillage land preparation is 20 to 25 cm.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant spacing when sowing corn seeds in step (2) is 20 to 30 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The legume plant in step (2) includes one or more of alfalfa, plantain, sainfoin and clover; The time to sow legumes is when corn has 3 to 5 leaves; The amount of leguminous plant seeds sown is 20-30 kg / mu.

5. The planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the crushed product in step (4) is 1 to 3 cm.

6. Use of the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in preventing wind and consolidating soil, and improving soil fertility.

7. Use of the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in increasing corn yield.

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