A turning and milling compound spindle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a turning and milling compound spindle, comprising a spindle, a spindle housing, a front bearing, a rear bearing, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a motor and a cutting cylinder unit. The triple gear disc brake structure arranged at the front end of the spindle comprises a triple gear disc, a front oil cylinder seat, a first piston, a second piston, a first oil chamber, a second oil chamber and a third oil chamber. The triple gear disc comprises a first gear disc, a second gear disc and a third gear disc. The rear end of the first piston faces the front end of the first gear disc. A connecting pin is axially provided through the first gear disc. The front end and rear end of the connecting pin face the second piston and the third gear disc respectively. The first oil chamber is arranged at the front side of the first piston, the second oil chamber is arranged at the rear side of the third gear disc, and the third oil chamber is arranged at the front side of the second piston. The turning and milling compound spindle of the present invention provides a braking torque to the spindle through the triple gear disc brake structure. It has high positioning accuracy, large braking torque and strong stability. While ensuring the turning and milling compound processing accuracy, it can provide a larger braking torque to the spindle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of numerically controlled machine tools, and in particular relates to a turning-milling compound spindle. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, compound processing is one of the most popular processing technologies in the world and is an advanced manufacturing technology. Compound processing is to realize several different processing technologies on a CNC machine tool. Compared with conventional CNC processing technology, compound processing has outstanding advantages. The most widely used and most difficult compound processing is turning and milling compound processing. Turning and milling compound processing can complete all or most of the processing procedures in one clamping, thereby greatly shortening the product manufacturing process chain, reducing the number of clamping times, avoiding the accumulation of errors caused by the conversion of positioning references, and improving product processing accuracy. As an important functional component of CNC machine tool turning and milling compound processing, the turning and milling compound spindle needs to be rotated or locked in different processing procedures to realize different processing technologies. Therefore, whether the locking process of the turning and milling compound spindle is reliable is crucial in the processing process.

[0003] The existing turning and milling composite spindles (hereinafter referred to as spindles) have the following main deficiencies: 1) The traditional two-way brake structure is adopted, and the braking force is insufficient, which cannot ensure the stability of the spindle clamping process, affecting the spindle processing accuracy; 2) Under different working conditions of turning and milling, the cutting fluid can easily enter the front end of the spindle, damage the internal bearings of the spindle, and affect the overall service life of the spindle; 3) During the use of the spindle, the tool and the spindle end face cannot be completely fitted, resulting in spindle wear and abnormal spindle processing accuracy; 4) During the spindle processing, the tapered hole at the front end of the spindle will be worn due to impact or excessive use, and repairing the spindle often takes a lot of time; 5) After the motor rotor inside the spindle is hot-installed, the subsequent disassembly is very cumbersome; 6) The spindle's tool pulling force is insufficient, resulting in spindle processing weakness, affecting the spindle processing accuracy and tool life. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a turning-milling compound spindle in view of the shortcomings of the prior art. The turning-milling compound spindle provides a braking torque to the spindle through a triple gear disc brake structure. It has high positioning accuracy, large braking torque and strong stability. While ensuring the turning-milling compound processing accuracy, it can provide a larger braking torque to the spindle.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a turning and milling compound spindle, including a spindle, a spindle housing, a front bearing, a rear bearing, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a motor and a knife-breaking cylinder unit, wherein the front bearing and the rear bearing are respectively mounted on the front section and the rear section of the spindle, the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively mounted on the outer sides of the front bearing and the rear bearing, the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the spindle housing in a centering manner, the motor includes a stator, a rotor and a stator sleeve, the rotor is connected to the outer side of the spindle by interference fit, the stator sleeve is connected to the outer side of the stator by interference fit, the stator sleeve is mounted on the inner side of the spindle housing, the knife-breaking cylinder unit is arranged on the rear side of the spindle, the knife-breaking cylinder unit is used to realize the tool loosening and clamping function of the spindle, the front end of the spindle is provided with a triple gear disc brake structure, the triple gear disc brake structure is used to provide a braking torque to the spindle, the triple gear disc brake structure includes a triple gear disc, a front cylinder seat, a first piston, a second The invention relates to a piston, a first oil chamber, a second oil chamber and a third oil chamber. The front oil cylinder seat is arranged at the front side of the front bearing seat and fixed to the front end of the spindle housing. The triple gear disc includes a first gear disc, a second gear disc and a third gear disc. The first gear disc is fixed to the outer side of the front end of the spindle. The second gear disc is fixed to the inner side of the front oil cylinder seat and is located on the outer side of the first gear disc. The third gear disc can be movably arranged at the rear side of the first gear disc and the second gear disc. The toothed ring at the front end of the third gear disc faces the toothed ring at the rear end of the first gear disc and the second gear disc. The rear end of the first piston faces the front end of the first gear disc. A connecting pin is axially penetrated through the first gear disc. The front end and rear end of the connecting pin face the second piston and the third gear disc respectively. The first oil chamber is arranged at the front side of the first piston. The second oil chamber is arranged at the rear side of the third gear disc. The third oil chamber is arranged at the front side of the second piston. The first oil chamber and the second oil chamber are communicated with the locking oil circuit respectively, and the third oil chamber is communicated with the release oil circuit.

[0006] The turning-milling compound spindle of the present invention provides a braking torque to the spindle through a triple gear disc brake structure, has high positioning accuracy, large braking torque, and strong stability, and can provide a larger braking torque to the spindle while ensuring the turning-milling compound processing accuracy.

[0007] When the spindle brake is locked, the hydraulic oil enters the locking oil circuit and is divided into two paths. One path of hydraulic oil enters the first oil chamber to push the first piston backward, and the other path of hydraulic oil enters the second oil chamber to push the third gear disc forward. The third gear disc pushes the connecting pin and the first gear disc forward. At the same time, the connecting pin pushes the second piston forward, and the first gear disc drives the spindle forward. Under the action of the hydraulic oil, the first piston, the first gear disc and the third gear disc contact and fit in turn, generating a friction torque to complete the brake locking. The above-mentioned brake locking process uses two oil circuits to lock the spindle. The first piston and the third gear disc synchronously lock the first gear disc from the front and rear sides of the first gear disc, thereby realizing the brake locking of the spindle. This braking method has high positioning accuracy. When the pressure of the two oil circuits is the same, it can provide the spindle with a larger braking torque to ensure the stability of the spindle brake locking process, thereby ensuring the spindle processing accuracy and achieving high-precision turning and milling composite processing.

[0008] When the main shaft is reset and rotated, the hydraulic oil enters the release oil circuit and flows to the third oil chamber. Under the action of the hydraulic oil, the first piston moves forward, the second piston moves backward and pushes the connecting pin to move backward. Driven by the connecting pin, the third gear plate moves backward synchronously with the second piston, so that the front and rear sides of the first gear plate are separated from the first piston and the third gear plate at the same time, and the main shaft starts to reset and rotate. The above-mentioned main shaft reset and rotation process uses a single oil circuit to reset the main shaft, and uses the connecting pin to push the third gear plate to loosen, which reduces the complexity of the oil circuit and reduces the risk of leakage during the operation of the oil circuit.

[0009] Preferably, the locking oil circuit includes a first main oil circuit, a first oil circuit and a second oil circuit, the loosening oil circuit includes a second main oil circuit and a third oil circuit that are connected, the first main oil circuit and the second main oil circuit are respectively opened in the spindle box body, the first oil circuit and the second oil circuit are respectively connected to the first main oil circuit, the first oil circuit leads to the first oil chamber, the second oil circuit leads to the second oil chamber, and the third oil circuit leads to the third oil chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the front side of the first toothed disc is pressed by an inner pressure cover, which is fixed to the outside of the front end of the spindle, and a radial positioning ring is integrally provided on the outside of the spindle, and an adjustment pad is pressed between the rear side of the first toothed disc and the front side of the radial positioning ring. The inner pressure cover plays a further positioning role for the first toothed disc, and the adjustment pad is used to adjust and determine the axial accuracy of the first toothed disc. The inner pressure cover cooperates with the adjustment pad to further improve the installation accuracy of the first toothed disc and ensure the positioning accuracy of the spindle brake.

[0011] Preferably, the rear side of the radial positioning ring is integrally provided with a first axial positioning ring, the front side of the front bearing seat is integrally provided with a second axial positioning ring, the front side of the second axial positioning ring is provided with a first annular groove, the first axial positioning ring extends backward into the first annular groove, an annular cavity is provided between the second axial positioning ring and the front oil cylinder seat, and the third toothed disc is installed in the annular cavity through clearance fit. The first axial positioning ring is matched with the first annular groove, and the third toothed disc is installed in the annular cavity, which can further improve the axial movement accuracy of the main shaft and the third toothed disc, and ensure the stability and reliability of the main shaft brake locking process and reset process.

[0012] Preferably, a labyrinth protection structure is provided at the front end of the main shaft, and the labyrinth protection structure comprises a front end cover, a labyrinth ring, a front pressure cover and a front balance ring. The front pressure cover is fixed to the inner side of the front cylinder seat, and the front pressure cover is arranged on the front side of the second gear disk. The front end cover, the labyrinth ring and the front pressure cover are fixedly connected in sequence. The front balance ring is fixed to the front end of the main shaft and is located on the inner side of the front end cover and the labyrinth ring. A first step ring is provided at the inner hole of the front end cover, and a second step ring is integrally provided on the outer side of the front balance ring. The second step ring is located on the rear side of the first step ring. A first labyrinth protection gap communicating with the outside atmosphere is provided between the second step ring and the first step ring, and a second labyrinth protection gap is provided between the radial outer surface of the front balance ring and the radial inner surface of the labyrinth ring. The front end cover, the front balance ring and the labyrinth ring enclose a reflux chamber, and the first labyrinth protection gap and the second labyrinth protection gap are respectively communicated with the reflux chamber. The first labyrinth protection gap can effectively prevent debris generated during the machining process from entering the interior of the spindle, and the radial gap width of the first labyrinth protection gap is preferably 0.2mm. When the spindle is machining horizontally, if water vapor crosses the first labyrinth protection gap, the reflux chamber will prevent further intrusion of water vapor, and the water vapor accumulates in the reflux chamber. When the spindle is machining vertically, the water vapor can flow out through the first labyrinth protection gap. The second labyrinth protection gap can prevent further intrusion of water vapor from the reflux chamber, and the radial gap width of the second labyrinth protection gap is preferably 0.25mm. The above-mentioned labyrinth protection structure forms multiple labyrinth protections, which can effectively reduce the possibility of water ingress into the front end of the spindle, improve the service life of the spindle, and ensure the machining accuracy and efficiency of the spindle.

[0013] Preferably, a gas seal ring is installed on the inner side of the labyrinth ring in an interference fit, a second ring groove is provided in the gas seal ring, a plurality of through holes are evenly provided at the front end of the gas seal ring, which are communicated with the second ring groove, and the plurality of through holes are respectively communicated with the second labyrinth protection gap, an air inlet passage is provided in the spindle housing, an air seal path is provided in the labyrinth ring, the air inlet passage is communicated with the air seal path, and the air seal path directly leads to the second ring groove. On the basis of the labyrinth protection structure, the air seal path is further designed to enhance the effect of preventing foreign matter from entering the front end of the spindle. During air sealing, the gas is connected to the air seal path from the air inlet passage in the spindle housing and leads to the second ring groove. The gas entering the second ring groove flows from the plurality of through holes at the front end of the air seal ring to the second labyrinth protection gap, so that a positive pressure gas barrier from the inside to the outside is formed in the entire circumferential direction of the labyrinth protection structure, so as to achieve an air seal effect, prevent water vapor, foreign matter, etc. from entering the front end of the spindle, and ensure the processing effect of the spindle under harsh working conditions.

[0014] Preferably, the front end of the spindle is provided with an air tightness detection air circuit, which is used to detect whether the tool is installed in place at the front end of the spindle, and the air tightness detection air circuit is communicated with the air inlet passage, and the direction of the air tightness detection air circuit is the front cylinder seat, the second gear disc, the front pressure cover, the labyrinth ring, the first piston, the first gear disc and the front end of the spindle in sequence, and the front end of the spindle is connected with a tapered hole sleeve for centering, and a detection gas outlet is provided in the tapered hole sleeve, and the detection gas outlet is communicated with the air tightness detection air circuit, and the air tightness detection air circuit is connected when the spindle is locked. The air tightness detection air circuit can be used to detect whether the tool is installed in place at the front end of the spindle. When detecting air tightness, gas is connected from the air inlet passage of the spindle housing, and the gas enters the air tightness detection air circuit and is blown out or not blown out from the detection gas outlet. After the tool is installed at the front end of the spindle, the spindle is locked so that the rear end face of the first piston fits with the front end face of the first gear disc, the air tightness detection gas path is connected, and the gas flows to the detection gas outlet in the tapered hole sleeve. When the tool is installed normally, the end face of the tool fits with the tapered hole sleeve, and the air tightness detection gas path ends at the detection gas outlet; on the contrary, if there is a gap between the end face of the tool and the tapered hole sleeve, the gas will flow out from the gap and the air pressure will decrease, so that the spindle control system can detect whether there is an abnormality in the tool installation position in advance, and prevent processing losses caused by improper tool installation.

[0015] Preferably, the tapered hole sleeve is provided with a plurality of locating pin holes, the plurality of locating pin holes are used to install a plurality of locating pins, the plurality of locating pins are used to determine the angular position of the tapered hole sleeve on the spindle, and the tapered hole sleeve is fixed to the spindle by screws. The conventional spindle adopts an integrated front-end tapered hole design, and the impact of the spindle caused by daily use or improper operation will cause wear of the front-end tapered hole of the spindle. Once wear occurs, the processing accuracy of the spindle cannot be guaranteed, and maintenance is even more cumbersome. The present invention adopts an independent and easy-to-disassemble tapered hole sleeve to replace the integrated front-end tapered hole in the conventional spindle. The tapered hole sleeve is fixed to the spindle by a plurality of locating pins and screws. When replacement is needed, it is easy to disassemble and assemble, which can greatly reduce the maintenance time required for the spindle due to damage to the tapered hole, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy of the spindle.

[0016] Preferably, a rotor sleeve is arranged between the rotor and the main shaft, the rotor is shrink-fitted on the outer ring of the rotor sleeve, a rotor balance ring is attached to the front end surface of the rotor sleeve, the rotor balance ring is interference-fixed on the rotor sleeve, the rotor sleeve is shrink-fitted on the main shaft from the rear end of the main shaft, an oil pumping pipeline is arranged in the rotor sleeve, an annular oil cavity is arranged between the radial inner surface of the middle part of the rotor sleeve and the radial outer surface of the main shaft, the annular oil cavity is communicated with the oil pumping pipeline, a plurality of cooling ring grooves are arranged on the outer ring of the stator sleeve, an oil inlet and an oil outlet are arranged on the main shaft housing, the oil inlet is communicated with the cooling ring groove at the front end of the stator sleeve, and the oil outlet is communicated with the cooling ring groove at the rear end of the stator sleeve, the front bearing and the rear bearing are respectively provided with a front bearing cooling oil circuit and a rear bearing cooling oil circuit, and the cooling ring groove at the rear end of the stator sleeve is respectively communicated with the front bearing cooling oil circuit and the rear bearing cooling oil circuit. The traditional rotor installation is to directly heat-fit the rotor onto the main shaft, and the interference fit between the two makes disassembly very difficult. The present invention adds a rotor sleeve as a transition part between the rotor and the main shaft, first heat-fits the rotor onto the rotor sleeve, fixes the rotor to the front end of the rotor sleeve with a rotor balance ring, and the rotor balance ring prevents the rotor from axial displacement, and then heat-fits the rotor sleeve onto the main shaft from the rear end of the main shaft. When the rotor needs to be disassembled, hydraulic oil is injected into the oil pumping pipeline. When a certain pressure is reached inside the annular oil chamber, the components formed by the rotor sleeve, rotor, and rotor balance ring can be ejected as a whole, which is convenient for the disassembly of the rotor during subsequent maintenance.

[0017] Preferably, the knife beating cylinder unit includes a knife beating cylinder, a knife pulling rod, a knife pulling claw and a knife disc loosening and clamping spring, the knife beating cylinder is fixed on the rear bearing seat, the knife pulling rod and the knife pulling claw are installed in the inner hole of the main shaft, and a first angle block and a second angle block are arranged between the knife pulling rod and the knife pulling claw, the first angle block is positioned on the outer ring of the knife pulling claw, the second angle block is superimposed on the rear half of the first angle block, the contact surface between the second angle block and the first angle block is an inclined surface, a guide sleeve is installed on the knife pulling claw, and a connecting sleeve is installed on the knife pulling rod, the front end face and the rear end face of the second angle block are in contact with the guide sleeve and the connecting sleeve respectively, the contact surface between the second angle block and the guide sleeve is an inclined surface, and the contact surface between the second angle block and the connecting sleeve is a plane. During the spindle tool clamping process, the force of the tool release disc spring on the tool pulling rod is transmitted to the tool pulling claw through the first angle block and the second angle block. Since the first angle block and the second angle block are in contact at different angles, in conjunction with the guide sleeve and the connecting sleeve, the force transmitted by the tool release disc spring can be decomposed and then synthesized to obtain an amplified force, which is transmitted to the tool pulling claw, thereby increasing the spindle's tool pulling force, making the spindle tool pulling tighter, and improving the spindle's machining accuracy and the tool's service life.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the turning and milling compound spindle of the present invention provides a braking torque to the spindle through a triple gear disc brake structure, with high positioning accuracy, large braking torque, and strong stability. While ensuring the turning and milling compound processing accuracy, it can provide a greater braking torque to the spindle. The braking locking process of the compound spindle adopts two oil circuits to lock the spindle. The first piston and the third gear disc synchronously lock the first gear disc from the front and back sides of the first gear disc, thereby realizing the braking locking of the spindle. This braking method has high positioning accuracy. When the pressure of the two oil circuits is the same, it can provide a greater braking torque to the spindle, ensuring the stability of the spindle braking locking process, thereby ensuring the spindle processing accuracy and realizing high-precision turning and milling compound processing. The reset rotation process of the turning and milling compound spindle adopts a single oil circuit to reset the spindle, and uses a connecting pin to push the third gear disc to loosen, which reduces the complexity of the oil circuit and reduces the risk of leakage during the working process of the oil circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the turning-milling compound spindle in the embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 For the corresponding Figure 1 Enlarged detail of the locking oil circuit at A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0022] Figure 4 For the corresponding Figure 1 Enlarged detail of the release oil circuit at A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 5 For the corresponding Figure 1 The enlarged detailed view of the air tightness detection gas path at A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 6 For the corresponding Figure 1 Enlarged detail of the gas seal road at A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the broach claw and the broach rod in the embodiment;

[0027] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the connection between the oil inlet and the cooling ring groove in the embodiment;

[0028] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the connection between the oil outlet and the cooling ring groove in the embodiment;

[0029] The specific reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0030] 1-spindle, 11-spindle housing, 12-radial positioning ring, 13-adjusting pad, 14-first axial positioning ring, 15-intake passage, 16-air tightness detection air path, 17-tapered sleeve, 18-detection gas outlet, 19-oil inlet, 10-oil outlet, 2-front bearing, 21-front bearing seat, 22-outer spacer, 23-inner spacer, 24-second axial positioning ring, 25-first ring groove, 26-annular cavity, 3-rear bearing, 31-rear bearing seat, 41-stator, 42-rotor, 43-stator sleeve, 44-rotor sleeve, 45-rotor balance ring, 46-oiling pipeline, 47-annular oil cavity, 48-cooling ring groove, 51-first toothed disc, 52-second toothed disc, 53-third toothed disc, 5-front cylinder seat, 54-first piston, 55- The second piston, 56-the first oil chamber, 57-the second oil chamber, 58-the third oil chamber, 59-connecting pin, 50-the inner pressure cover, 61-the first main oil circuit, 62-the first oil circuit, 63-the second oil circuit, 64-the second main oil circuit, 65-the third oil circuit, 71-the front end cover, 72-the labyrinth ring, 73-the front pressure cover, 74-the front balance ring, 75-the first step ring, 76-the second step ring, 77-the first labyrinth protection gap, 78-the second labyrinth protection gap, 79-the reflux chamber, 70-the air sealing path, 8-the air sealing ring, 81-the second ring groove, 82-the through hole, 83-the tower-shaped sealing ring, 84-the O-shaped sealing ring, 91-the knife-beating cylinder, 92-the knife-pulling rod, 93-the knife-pulling claw, 94-the first angle block, 95-the second angle block, 96-the guide sleeve, 97-the connecting sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments of the drawings. All devices, components or structures not limited in the present invention adopt conventional technical means in the art.

[0032] The turning and milling compound spindle of the embodiment, such as Figure 1 to Figure 10As shown, it includes a spindle 1, a spindle housing 11, a front bearing 2, a rear bearing 3, a front bearing seat 21, a rear bearing seat 31, a motor and a knife-beating cylinder unit. The front bearing 2 and the rear bearing 3 are respectively installed in the front section and the rear section of the spindle 1. The front bearings 2 are in pairs and separated by an outer spacer 22 and an inner spacer 23 in the middle. The front bearing seat 21 and the rear bearing seat 31 are respectively installed on the outside of the front bearing 2 and the rear bearing 3. The front bearing seat 21 and the rear bearing seat 31 are respectively connected to the spindle by screws. The front and rear ends of the housing 11 are provided with a knife-breaking cylinder unit at the rear side of the spindle 1. The knife-breaking cylinder unit is used to realize the knife-releasing function of the spindle 1. The front end of the spindle 1 is provided with a triple gear disc brake structure. The triple gear disc brake structure is used to provide a braking torque to the spindle 1. The triple gear disc brake structure includes a triple gear disc, a front oil cylinder seat 5, a first piston 54, a second piston 55, a first oil chamber 56, a second oil chamber 57 and a third oil chamber 58. The front oil cylinder seat 5 is provided at the front side of the front bearing seat 21. The third gear disc 53 is fixed to the front end of the main shaft housing 11, and the triple gear disc includes a first gear disc 51, a second gear disc 52 and a third gear disc 53. The first gear disc 51 is fixed to the outer side of the front end of the main shaft 1, the second gear disc 52 is fixed to the inner side of the front cylinder seat 5 and is located on the outer side of the first gear disc 51, and the third gear disc 53 is arranged on the rear side of the first gear disc 51 and the second gear disc 52 so as to be movable forward and backward. The toothed ring at the front end of the third gear disc 53 is directly opposite to the toothed ring at the rear end of the first gear disc 51 and the second gear disc 52. The rear end of the piston 54 is opposite to the front end of the first gear disc 51. A connecting pin 59 is axially penetrated through the first gear disc 51. The front end and rear end of the connecting pin 59 are respectively opposite to the second piston 55 and the third gear disc 53. The first oil chamber 56 is arranged on the front side of the first piston 54, the second oil chamber 57 is arranged on the rear side of the third gear disc 53, and the third oil chamber 58 is arranged on the front side of the second piston 55. The first oil chamber 56 and the second oil chamber 57 are respectively communicated with the locking oil circuit, and the third oil chamber 58 is communicated with the release oil circuit.

[0033] In this embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the locking oil circuit includes a first main oil circuit 61, a first oil circuit 62 and a second oil circuit 63. Figure 4 As shown, the loosening oil circuit includes a second main oil circuit 64 and a third oil circuit 65 that are connected. The first main oil circuit 61 and the second main oil circuit 64 are respectively opened in the spindle housing 11. The first oil circuit 62 and the second oil circuit 63 are respectively connected to the first main oil circuit 61. The first oil circuit 62 leads to the first oil chamber 56, the second oil circuit 63 leads to the second oil chamber 57, and the third oil circuit 65 leads to the third oil chamber 58.

[0034] In this embodiment, the front side of the first toothed disc 51 is pressed by the inner pressure cover 50, and the inner pressure cover 50 is fixed to the outer side of the front end of the main shaft 1. A radial positioning ring 12 is integrally provided on the outer side of the main shaft 1, and an adjustment pad 13 is pressed between the rear side of the first toothed disc 51 and the front side of the radial positioning ring 12; a first axial positioning ring 14 is integrally provided on the rear side of the radial positioning ring 12, and a second axial positioning ring 24 is integrally provided on the front side of the front bearing seat 21, and a first annular groove 25 is provided on the front side of the second axial positioning ring 24, and the first axial positioning ring 14 extends backward into the first annular groove 25, and an annular cavity 26 is provided between the second axial positioning ring 24 and the front cylinder seat 5, and the third toothed disc 53 is installed in the annular cavity 26 by clearance fit.

[0035] In this embodiment, a labyrinth protection structure is provided at the front end of the main shaft 1, and the labyrinth protection structure includes a front end cover 71, a labyrinth ring 72, a front pressure cover 73 and a front balance ring 74. The front pressure cover 73 is fixed to the inner side of the front cylinder seat 5, and the front pressure cover 73 is arranged on the front side of the second gear plate 52. The front end cover 71, the labyrinth ring 72 and the front pressure cover 73 are fixedly connected in sequence, and the front balance ring 74 is fixed to the front end of the main shaft 1 by screws. The front balance ring 74 is located on the inner side of the front end cover 71 and the labyrinth ring 72. A first step ring 75 is provided at the inner hole of the front end cover 71. A second step ring 76 is integrally provided on the outer side of the front balance ring 74. The second step ring 76 is located on the rear side of the first step ring 75. A first labyrinth protection gap 70 communicating with the outside atmosphere is provided between the second step ring 76 and the first step ring 75. 7, the radial gap width of the first labyrinth protection gap 77 is 0.2mm, a second labyrinth protection gap 78 is provided between the radial outer surface of the front balance ring 74 and the radial inner surface of the labyrinth ring 72, the radial gap width of the second labyrinth protection gap 78 is 0.25mm, the front end cover 71, the front balance ring 74 and the labyrinth ring 72 form a reflux cavity 79, the first labyrinth protection gap 77 and the second labyrinth protection gap 78 are respectively communicated with the reflux cavity 79; an air seal ring 8 is installed on the inner side of the labyrinth ring 72 with interference fit, a second ring groove 81 is provided in the air seal ring 8, a plurality of through holes 82 communicating with the second ring groove 81 are evenly provided at the front end of the air seal ring 8, and the plurality of through holes 82 are respectively communicated with the second labyrinth protection gap 78, an air intake passage 15 is provided in the spindle housing 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, an air sealing path 70 is opened in the labyrinth ring 72 , the air intake passage 15 is communicated with the air sealing path 70 , and the air sealing path 70 directly leads to the second annular groove 81 .

[0036] In this embodiment, Figure 5As shown, the front end of the spindle 1 is provided with an air tightness detection air circuit 16, which is used to detect whether the tool is installed in place at the front end of the spindle 1. The air tightness detection air circuit 16 is communicated with the air intake passage 15, and the direction of the air tightness detection air circuit 16 is the front cylinder seat 5, the second gear disc 52, the front pressure cover 73, the labyrinth ring 72, the first piston 54, the first gear disc 51 and the front end of the spindle 1 in sequence. The front end of the spindle 1 is connected to the center of the tapered hole sleeve 17, and a detection gas outlet 18 is provided in the tapered hole sleeve 17. The detection gas outlet 18 is communicated with the air tightness detection air circuit 16, and the air tightness detection air circuit 16 is connected when the spindle 1 is locked; a plurality of locating pin holes (not shown in the figure) are provided on the tapered hole sleeve 17, and the plurality of locating pin holes are used to install a plurality of locating pins, and the plurality of locating pins are used to determine the angular position of the tapered hole sleeve 17 on the spindle 1, and the tapered hole sleeve 17 is fixed to the spindle 1 by screws.

[0037] In this embodiment, the motor includes a stator 41, a rotor 42 and a stator sleeve 43. The stator sleeve 43 is connected to the outside of the stator 41 by interference fit. The stator sleeve 43 is installed on the inside of the spindle housing 11. A rotor sleeve 44 is provided between the rotor 42 and the spindle 1. The rotor 42 is heat-fitted on the outer ring of the rotor sleeve 44. A rotor balance ring 45 is attached to the front end surface of the rotor sleeve 44. The rotor balance ring 45 is interference-fixed on the rotor sleeve 44. The rotor sleeve 44 is heat-fitted on the spindle 1 from the rear end of the spindle 1. Figure 7 As shown, an oiling pipeline 46 is provided in the rotor sleeve 44, an annular oil cavity 47 is provided between the radial inner surface of the middle portion of the rotor sleeve 44 and the radial outer surface of the main shaft 1, and the annular oil cavity 47 is communicated with the oiling pipeline 46. The outer ring of the stator sleeve 43 is provided with a plurality of cooling annular grooves 48, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the spindle housing 11 is provided with an oil inlet 19 and an oil outlet 10. The oil inlet 19 is communicated with the cooling ring groove 48 at the front end of the stator sleeve 43, and the oil outlet 10 is communicated with the cooling ring groove 48 at the rear end of the stator sleeve 43. The front bearing 2 and the rear bearing 3 are respectively provided with a front bearing cooling oil circuit and a rear bearing cooling oil circuit (not shown in the figure). The cooling ring groove 48 at the rear end of the stator sleeve 43 is respectively communicated with the front bearing cooling oil circuit and the rear bearing cooling oil circuit. When the rotor 42 needs to be disassembled, hydraulic oil is injected into the oil pumping pipeline 46. When the annular oil cavity 47 reaches a certain pressure, the components formed by the rotor sleeve 44, the rotor 42, and the rotor balance ring 45 can be ejected as a whole, which is convenient for the disassembly of the rotor 42 during subsequent maintenance.

[0038] In this embodiment, a plurality of tower-shaped sealing rings 83 are respectively installed on the first piston 54, the second piston 55, and the third gear disc 53, and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings 84 are respectively installed in the oil circuits and gas circuits such as the locking oil circuit, the loosening oil circuit, the air sealing circuit 70, and the air tightness detection gas circuit 16 to ensure the sealing of the relevant oil circuits and gas circuits.

[0039] In this embodiment, the knife-breaking cylinder unit includes a knife-breaking cylinder 91, a knife-pulling rod 92, a knife-pulling claw 93 and a knife-release spring (not shown in the figure). The knife-breaking cylinder 91 is fixed to the rear bearing seat 31 by screws and is used to control the knife-pulling and knife-release states of the spindle 1; the knife-pulling rod 92 and the knife-pulling claw 93 are installed in the inner hole of the spindle 1 to realize the actual action of the knife-pulling and knife-release of the spindle 1; Figure 8 As shown, a first angle block 94 and a second angle block 95 are provided between the broach rod 92 and the broach claw 93. The first angle block 94 is positioned on the outer ring of the broach claw 93, and the second angle block 95 is overlapped on the rear half of the first angle block 94. The contact surface between the second angle block 95 and the first angle block 94 is an inclined surface. A guide sleeve 96 is installed on the broach claw 93, and a connecting sleeve 97 is installed on the broach rod 92. The front end face and the rear end face of the second angle block 95 are in contact with the guide sleeve 96 and the connecting sleeve 97 respectively. The contact surface between the second angle block 95 and the guide sleeve 96 is an inclined surface, and the contact surface between the second angle block 95 and the connecting sleeve 97 is a plane.

[0040] The above-mentioned turning-milling composite spindle 1 provides a braking torque to the spindle 1 through a triple gear disc brake structure, thereby realizing the rotation and locking functions of the spindle 1 under different working conditions.

[0041] When the main shaft 1 is braked and locked, the hydraulic oil enters the locking oil circuit and is divided into two circuits, wherein the hydraulic oil of the first oil circuit 62 enters the first oil chamber 56, pushing the first piston 54 to move backward, and the hydraulic oil of the second oil circuit 63 enters the second oil chamber 57, pushing the third gear plate 53 to move forward, and the third gear plate 53 pushes the connecting pin 59 and the first gear plate 51 to move forward. At the same time, the connecting pin 59 pushes the second piston 55 to move forward, and the first gear plate 51 drives the main shaft 1 to move forward. Under the action of the hydraulic oil, the first piston 54, the first gear plate 51 and the third gear plate 53 contact and fit in turn, generating friction torque, and completing the brake locking.

[0042] When the main shaft 1 is reset and rotated, the hydraulic oil enters the release oil circuit and flows to the third oil chamber 58 through the third oil circuit 65. Under the action of the hydraulic oil, the first piston 54 moves forward, the second piston 55 moves backward and pushes the connecting pin 59 to move backward. Under the push of the connecting pin 59, the third gear plate 53 moves backward synchronously with the second piston 55, so that the front and rear sides of the first gear plate 51 are separated from the first piston 54 and the third gear plate 53 at the same time, and the main shaft 1 starts to reset and rotate.

Claims

1. A turning and milling compound spindle, comprising a spindle, a spindle housing, a front bearing, a rear bearing, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a motor and a cutting cylinder unit, wherein the front bearing and the rear bearing are respectively mounted on the front section and the rear section of the spindle, the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively mounted on the outside of the front bearing and the rear bearing, the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the spindle housing in a centering manner, the motor comprises a stator, a rotor and a stator sleeve, the rotor is connected to the outside of the spindle by interference fit, the stator sleeve is connected to the outside of the stator by interference fit, the stator sleeve is mounted on the inside of the spindle housing, the cutting cylinder unit is arranged on the rear side of the spindle, and the cutting cylinder unit is used to realize the tool loosening and clamping function of the spindle, and is characterized in that, A triple gear disc brake structure is provided at the front end of the spindle, and the triple gear disc brake structure is used to provide a braking torque to the spindle. The triple gear disc brake structure includes a triple gear disc, a front cylinder seat, a first piston, a second piston, a first oil chamber, a second oil chamber and a third oil chamber. The front cylinder seat is arranged at the front side of the front bearing seat and fixed to the front end of the spindle housing. The triple gear disc includes a first gear disc, a second gear disc and a third gear disc. The first gear disc is fixed to the outer side of the front end of the spindle, the second gear disc is fixed to the inner side of the front cylinder seat and is located on the outer side of the first gear disc, and the third gear disc can move forward and backward. The third gear disc is movably arranged on the rear side of the first gear disc and the second gear disc, the gear ring at the front end of the third gear disc faces the gear ring at the rear end of the first gear disc and the second gear disc, the rear end of the first piston faces the front end of the first gear disc, and a connecting pin is axially passed through the first gear disc, and the front and rear ends of the connecting pin face the second piston and the third gear disc respectively. The first oil chamber is arranged on the front side of the first piston, the second oil chamber is arranged on the rear side of the third gear disc, and the third oil chamber is arranged on the front side of the second piston. The first oil chamber and the second oil chamber are communicated with the locking oil circuit respectively, and the third oil chamber is communicated with the release oil circuit.

2. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking oil circuit includes a first main oil circuit, a first oil circuit and a second oil circuit, the loosening oil circuit includes a second main oil circuit and a third oil circuit that are connected, the first main oil circuit and the second main oil circuit are respectively opened in the spindle box body, the first oil circuit and the second oil circuit are respectively connected to the first main oil circuit, the first oil circuit leads to the first oil chamber, the second oil circuit leads to the second oil chamber, and the third oil circuit leads to the third oil chamber.

3. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front side of the first toothed disc is pressed by an inner pressure cover, and the inner pressure cover is fixed to the outer side of the front end of the main shaft. A radial positioning ring is integrally provided on the outer side of the main shaft, and an adjustment pad is pressed between the rear side of the first toothed disc and the front side of the radial positioning ring.

4. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first axial positioning ring is integrally provided on the rear side of the radial positioning ring, a second axial positioning ring is integrally provided on the front side of the front bearing seat, a first annular groove is provided on the front side of the second axial positioning ring, the first axial positioning ring extends rearward into the first annular groove, an annular cavity is provided between the second axial positioning ring and the front cylinder seat, and the third gear disc is installed in the annular cavity through clearance fit.

5. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A labyrinth protection structure is provided at the front end of the main shaft, and the labyrinth protection structure includes a front end cover, a labyrinth ring, a front pressure cover and a front balance ring. The front pressure cover is fixed to the inner side of the front cylinder seat, and the front pressure cover is arranged on the front side of the second gear disk. The front end cover, the labyrinth ring and the front pressure cover are fixedly connected in sequence. The front balance ring is fixed to the front end of the main shaft and is located on the inner side of the front end cover and the labyrinth ring. A first step ring is provided at the inner hole of the front end cover, and a second step ring is integrally provided on the outer side of the front balance ring. The second step ring is located on the rear side of the first step ring. A first labyrinth protection gap communicating with the outside atmosphere is provided between the second step ring and the first step ring, and a second labyrinth protection gap is provided between the radial outer surface of the front balance ring and the radial inner surface of the labyrinth ring. The front end cover, the front balance ring and the labyrinth ring enclose a reflux chamber, and the first labyrinth protection gap and the second labyrinth protection gap are respectively communicated with the reflux chamber.

6. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air sealing ring is installed on the inner side of the labyrinth ring in an interference fit manner, a second ring groove is provided in the air sealing ring, a plurality of through holes communicating with the second ring groove are evenly provided at the front end of the air sealing ring, the plurality of through holes are respectively communicated with the second labyrinth protection gap, an air intake passage is provided in the spindle housing, an air sealing path is provided in the labyrinth ring, the air intake passage is communicated with the air sealing path, and the air sealing path directly leads to the second ring groove.

7. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that: An air tightness detection air circuit is provided at the front end of the spindle, and the air tightness detection air circuit is used to detect whether the tool is installed in place at the front end of the spindle. The air tightness detection air circuit is communicated with the air intake passage. The direction of the air tightness detection air circuit is the front cylinder seat, the second gear plate, the front pressure cover, the labyrinth ring, the first piston, the first gear plate and the front end of the spindle in sequence. The front end of the spindle is centeringly connected with a tapered hole sleeve, and a detection gas outlet is opened in the tapered hole sleeve. The detection gas outlet is communicated with the air tightness detection air circuit, and the air tightness detection air circuit is connected when the spindle is locked.

8. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tapered hole sleeve is provided with a plurality of positioning pin holes, the plurality of positioning pin holes are used to install a plurality of positioning pins, the plurality of positioning pins are used to determine the angular position of the tapered hole sleeve on the main shaft, and the tapered hole sleeve is fixed on the main shaft by screws.

9. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotor sleeve is arranged between the rotor and the main shaft, the rotor is heat-fitted on the outer ring of the rotor sleeve, a rotor balance ring is attached to the front end surface of the rotor sleeve, the rotor balance ring is interference-fixed on the rotor sleeve, the rotor sleeve is heat-fitted on the main shaft from the rear end of the main shaft, an oil pumping pipeline is arranged in the rotor sleeve, an annular oil cavity is arranged between the radial inner surface of the middle part of the rotor sleeve and the radial outer surface of the main shaft, the annular oil cavity is communicated with the oil pumping pipeline, a plurality of cooling ring grooves are arranged on the outer ring of the stator sleeve, an oil inlet and an oil outlet are arranged on the main shaft housing, the oil inlet is communicated with the cooling ring groove at the front end of the stator sleeve, the oil outlet is communicated with the cooling ring groove at the rear end of the stator sleeve, the front bearing and the rear bearing are respectively provided with a front bearing cooling oil circuit and a rear bearing cooling oil circuit, the cooling ring groove at the rear end of the stator sleeve is respectively communicated with the front bearing cooling oil circuit and the rear bearing cooling oil circuit.

10. The turning-milling compound spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The knife beating cylinder unit includes a knife beating cylinder, a knife pulling rod, a knife pulling claw and a knife disc loosening and clamping spring. The knife beating cylinder is fixed on the rear bearing seat, and the knife pulling rod and the knife pulling claw are installed in the inner hole of the main shaft. A first angle block and a second angle block are arranged between the knife pulling rod and the knife pulling claw. The first angle block is positioned on the outer ring of the knife pulling claw, and the second angle block is superimposed on the rear half of the first angle block. The contact surface between the second angle block and the first angle block is an inclined surface. A guide sleeve is installed on the knife pulling claw, and a connecting sleeve is installed on the knife pulling rod. The front end face and the rear end face of the second angle block are in contact with the guide sleeve and the connecting sleeve respectively. The contact surface between the second angle block and the guide sleeve is an inclined surface, and the contact surface between the second angle block and the connecting sleeve is a plane.

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